to的用法:
一:表示相对,针对
be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive, immune, vulnerable, indispensable) to
Air is indispensable to life
Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation
This injection will make you immune to infection
二:表示对比,比较
1:以-ior结尾的形容词,后接介词to表示比较,如:superior ,inferior,prior,senior,junior
The quarrel happened prior to my arrival
2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词,如equal,similar,equivalent,analogous
A is similar to B in many ways
3:表示一些先后顺序的形容词,如:second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory
Subsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown
4: to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,in contrast to
compare to sth表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth表示比较,如:
World is usually compared to a stage
Compared with his past,he has changed a lot
Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介
词to就要改成rather than ,如:
The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender
Many people prefer spending money to earning money
They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives
5: to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternative
Going to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner
三: 表示修饰关系
1: 表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question,
solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter
2: 表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path
the approach to a bridge引桥
the approach to science
Half of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service
The access to education 接受教育的机会
The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利
3: 表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition, heir to
throne,deputy to the National People’s Congress
advisor to the Prime Minister
4: 表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admission
The employee finally got the admission to the boardroom
Everyone has an equal right to ……
5: 表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress
6: 表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage
7: 表示恭喜或是祝贺,如:
The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests
Let’s drink to Dick’s success in business
8: 另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义如:key to door,invitation to
party,
guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school
四: to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste
(一):表示相关联,相连接,如:be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link to
Investigate all the facts related to the problem
People often linked walth to happiness
(二):表示反对和赞同。
1:to引导的表示反对,抗拒,对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,be adverse to,be
resistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline to
These buildings are resistant to earthquake
They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans
2: to引导的表示同意,赞同意义的词组:consent to,subseribe to,
The employer consented to give him a salary raise
表示调整,使符合,使适应的含义,如:adapt to,commodate to, adjust to,conform to,habituate to,fit to,suit
to,correspond to,cater to
She tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living
Your action should conform to the interests of the people
They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers
His words doesn’t fit to his actions
Suit your writing style to the masses
3: 表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrender to,give in
to,confess to,admit to
The minority is subordinate to the majority少数服从多数
Countries nearby oceans are always subject to earthquake
He confessed to having robbed the woman of her wallet
We’re not the kind of people to yield to any military threat
五: 表示趋势或倾向,如:tend to,be prone to,be inclined to,be apt to,be liable to
He’s liable to seasickness
You are liable to come to wrong conclusion
六: 表示对事情的坚持与执着,如:sick to,hold o,adhere to,cling to
He still holds on to his original views
七: 表示约束,局限,如:limit to,confine to,resrict to
He’s confined to the house by illness
He confined his remarks to scientific mangement
八: 表示一种习惯或是一种适应性,如:get (be) to,used to,be accustomed to
Finally,the students got used to my teaching method
九: 表示起因和原由,如:owing to,due to,thanks to,attribute to,come down to
The flight was cancelled due to the thick fog
The famous artist attributed his success to his wife
十: 表示目的或结果,如:aim to,lead to,give rise to
I aim to be an excellent college teacher
His conceit lead to his failure
These bad condition has given rise to a lot of crises
十一: 表示命运,注定,如:be doomed to,be destined to,
All military adventures by the two super powers are doomed to fail
十二: 表示数量上的积累或增加,如:in addition to,add to,amount to
In addition to relief supplies,he also presented with some money
The annual output of steel amounts to 1200 tons
十三: 表示全身心投入的含义,如:be addicted to,contribute to,devote to,commit to
He is determined to devote all his life to his
十四: 表示展望或是回顾,如:look forward to反date back to
The church dates back to the 13th century
十五: 表示方位概念如:close to,next to
I don’t like wool next to my skin
十六: 表示依靠或借助,如:resort to,turn to,appeal to,
He usually appeals to arms to settle the territory dispute
十七: 表示有关注,关于: as to,with regard to
十八: 表示关注或重视,如:pay attention to,attach to,
We should attach primary importance to job training
十九: 表示依据或是根据,如:according to,in proportion to
According to today’s newspaper,the match will be postponed
The lending countries subscribe towards capital stock in proportion to heir economic importance
二十: 表示应该或必须含义的句式, 如:
It’s time to get up
We are supposed to get here at seven
It’s up to this country to ban nuclear weapons
常用词组
respond to(反应), appeal to(吸引), catch on to(理解), listen to (收听),used to(过去常常), give birth to,attend to(照料), see to(负责), be entitled to(有权), belong to(属于), come to(苏醒), stand up to(勇敢面对), help oneself to(请自便), refer to,to the point(切题),
Train them to stand up to any severe test in hard
The ticket entitled you to a free meal in the luxury hotel
See to it that the children get a hot meal after their swim
You will catch on to the job shortly after wards
People usually refer to television for up-to-the-minute news
for有很多种用法:
1 表示“当作、作为”。如:
I like some bread and milk for breakfast 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。
What will we have for supper 我们晚餐吃什么
2 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于”。如:
Thank you for helping me with my English 谢谢你帮我学习英语。
Thank you for your last letter 谢谢你上次的来信。
Thank you for teaching us so well 感谢你如此尽心地教我们。
3 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”、“对…… (而言)”。如:
Let me pick it up for you 让我为你捡起来。
Watching TV too much is bad for your health 看电视太多有害于你的健康。
4 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达”。如:
I usually do the running for an hour in the morning 我早晨通常跑步一小时。
We will stay there for two days 我们将在那里逗留两天。
5 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买”等。如:
Let’s go for a walk 我们出去散步吧。
I came here for my schoolbag我来这儿取书包。
I paid twenty yuan for the dictionary 我花了20元买这本词典。
6 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于……的”。如:
It’s time for school 到上学的时间了。
Here is a letter for you 这儿有你的一封信。
7 表示“支持、赞成”。如:
Are you for this plan or against it 你是支持还是反对这个计划
8 用于一些固定搭配中。如:
Who are you waiting for 你在等谁
For example, Mr Green is a kind teacher 比如,格林先生是一位心地善良的老师。
尽管for 的用法较多,但记住常用的几个就可以了
万年青跑步机、兄弟牌跑步机、舒华跑步机、好家庭跑步机、乔山跑步机这五个牌子的跑步机最好。从性价比和用户体验来说都很不错,下面具体来介绍一下。
1、万年青跑步机
万年青中国驰名商标,是中国名牌,在业内,万年青有很高的知名度;万年青通过了ISO9001国际质量管理体系认证,ISO14001国际环境管理体系认证,产品的品质可靠;万年青公司也是一家很有创新意识的公司,它针对各地的消费层次和市场需求,研发设计不同款式的产品投入市场服务各类消费群体。
2、兄弟牌跑步机
兄弟公司有很广的生产业务,它的产品涵盖家用健身器材的多个种类,专业生产各类训练器材,品质稳定,价格便宜,产品线品种相当齐全,在消费者中的口碑也非常的好,它的其他健身器材也有很好的赞誉。
3、舒华跑步机
舒华公司是一家外商独资健身器材企业,它集产品的研发、生产和销售于一体,它有自己的生产线和生产基地,大力研发跑步机的各种款式,并且推陈出新,设计多功能的跑步机;现在,舒华跑步机已有很的名气,国内品牌的名气也很高。
4、好家庭跑步机
好家庭跑步机是深圳的企业,深圳好家庭实业有限公司是一家极具实力的企业,它创建于1994年,拥有多个产品品牌,依托全国的销售市场网络,好家庭产品销售全国;好家庭公司有多项自主知识产权,并且获得过很多项荣誉,这些荣誉不仅是好家庭公司努力的结果,代表广大家庭的选择。
5、乔山跑步机
乔山健康科技集团是一家跨国集团公司,实力雄厚毋庸置疑,最早成立于1975年,总部设在台湾,现在乔山公司在全球18个国家和地区都设立了子公司,进入国家竞争力,力求更大的发展。
选购技巧:
1、看外观
选择跑步机要根据自己的家庭装修布置以及是否有足够的空间来进行挑选,要是空间不够大,可以尽量选择可以简单收纳的跑步机,可以节省家庭的使用空间。
2、看马达的功率
马达是跑步机的核心,马达越大,其点击运行稳定性就越高,但是其价格成本也会越高,所以选择合适的马达也是十分重要的。要是经常选择慢跑或者给父母使用的话可以选择1.5HP或2.0HP的,要是日常使用以及经常锻炼的可以选择2.5HP或3.5HP。
早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in以后,小处at大处in。
有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,
收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。
特定时日和"一……就",on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man。
this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下,above、below则不然,
若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。'
beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。
besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。
同类比较except,加for异类记心间。
原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词
under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分。
before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。
before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。
since以来during间,since时态多变换。
与之相比beside,除了last but one。
复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。
ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在方面,有关介词须记全。
in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。
如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀,就不易出错。当然,至于介词的详尽用法,同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。
早、午、晚要用in
例:in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
at黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜间
at midnight 在午夜
以上短语都不用冠词
at six o'clock 在6点钟
at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7点半
at half past eleven 在11点半
at nine fifteen 在9点15分
at ten thirty am 在上午10点30分
也可以写成
seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)
five minutes after two 2点过5分
at a quarter to two 1点45分
at the weekend 在周末
年、月、年月、季节、周
即在"来年",在"某月",在"某年某月" (但在某年某月某
日则用on),在四季,在第几周等都要用in。
例;in 1986 在1986年
in 1927 在1927年
in April 在四月
in March 在三月
in December 1986 1986年12月
in July l983 1983年7月
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周
in the third week 在第三周
阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in,
即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。
例:Don't read in dim light 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。
They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。
They are sitting in the shade of a tree 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。
a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station 他冒雨到车站去接我。
The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛.
以及:in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下
a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人
the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女
in uniform 穿着制服
in mourning 穿着丧服
in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋
in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫
将来时态in以后
例: They will come back in 10 days 他们将10天以后回来。
I'll come round in a day or two 我一两天就回来。
We'll be back in no time 我们一会儿就回来。
Come and see me in two days' time 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)
after (从过去开始)
小处at大处in
例:Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well Don't worry 李和我平安地到达黑山县,一切很好,勿念。
I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一个小城镇,而我的父母则住在农村。
I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan 我住在辽宁省鞍山市.
有形with无形by,语言 、单位、材料in
例:The workers are paving a road with stone 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)
"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera <<智取威虎山>>是-出好戏。(无形)
The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法--无形)
I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed. 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in)
I wrote a novel in Russian 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system. 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )
The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)
This board was cast in bronze not in gold 这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。
特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in
特征或状态:
例: The Democratic Party was then in power 那时民主党执政。
They found the patient in a coma 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。
He has not been in good health for some years 他几年来身体一直不好。
Many who came in despair went away in hope 许多人带着绝望情绪而来,却满怀希望而去。
The house was in ruins 这房屋成了废墟。
The poor girl was in tears 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。
Her clothes were in rags 她的衣跟穿破了。
His shoes were in holes 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。
I only said it in fun 我说这话只是开玩笑的。
She spoke in grief rather than in anger 与其说她讲得很气愤,不如说她讲得很伤心。
还有一些短语也用in,如:
in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地, in fairness 公正地,in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等。
His mind was in great confusion 他脑子里很乱。
Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb 今天大家都兴高采烈,没有一个情绪低落的。
She and her classmates are in flower ages 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。
The compaign was in full swing 运动正值高潮中。
方面:
例:we accepted the item in principle 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。
They are never backward in giving their views 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。
The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。
A good teacher must be an example in study 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。
方式:
例:All the speeches were taken down in shorthand 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。
The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。
如下成语惯用in
例如: in all 总计
in advance 事前
in the meantime 与此同时
in place 适当地
in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着希望
in connection with 和……有关
in contact with 和……联系
in addition to 除以外
in case of 倘若,万一
in conflict with 和冲突
in force 有效的,大批
in depth 彻底地
in regard to 关于
in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近
in retrospect 回顾,一想起
in behalf of 代表利益
in the least 一点,丝毫
in alarm 惊慌、担心
in the opinion of 据……见解
in the long run 从长远说来
in one's opinion 在……看来
in word 口头上
in a word 总之
in vain 无益地, 白白地
in case 如果,万一,以防
in detail 详细地
in haste 急急忙忙地
in conclusion 总之
in spite of 尽管
in other words 换句话说
in return 作为回报
in the name of 以名义
be confident in 对有信心
be interested in 对感兴趣
in doubt 怀疑
in love 恋爱中
in debt 负债
in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地
in hesitation 犹豫不决
in wonder 在惊奇中
in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)
in a good humour 心情(情绪)好
"介词at、to表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分"。
介词at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句:
1 A.She came at me 她向我扑过来。
B.She came to me 她向我走过来。
2.A.Jake ran at John 几 杰克向约翰扑过去。
B.Jake ran to John 杰克朝约翰跑去。
3.A He rushed at the woman with a sword 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。
B He rushed to the woman with a sword 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。
4.A.He shouted at the old man 他大声喝斥那老人。
B He shouted to the old man 他大声向那老人说
5.A.I heard her muttering at Xiao Li 我听见她在抱怨小李。
B.I heard her muttering to Xiao Li 我听见她在同小李低声说话。
6.A She talked at you just now 她刚才还说你坏话呢。
B.She talked to you just now 她刚才还同你谈话呢
7.A.She threw a bone at the dog 她用一块骨头砸狗。
B.She threw a bone to the dog 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。
8.A.He presented a pistol at me 他用手枪对着我。
B.He presented a pistol to me 他赠送我一支手枪。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。
例: on Octorber the first 1949 1949年10月1日
on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日
on May the first 5月1日
on the first 1号
on the sixteenth 16号
on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日
on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚
on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)
on New Year's Day 在元旦
on my birthday 在我的生日
但 in the Christmas holidays在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代,则用in,the present time 现在,at the present day当今则用at。
on May Day 在"五·一"节
on winter day 在冬天
on Decenber 12th 1950 l950年12月12日
on Sunday 在星期天
on Monday 在星期一
on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨
on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午
on Friday evening 星期五晚上
但last night 昨夜;in the evening 在晚上; on time准时,in time及时,等则不同。
年月日,加早午晚,of之前on代in
例: on the morning of 18th 18日早晨
on the evening of 4th 4日晚上
On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会,他们的团长发表了告别讲话。
收音、农场,值日on
例:Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night
您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗
I heard the news over (or on) the radio 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。
taIk over the radio 由无线电播音
on TV 从电视里
hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到
My brother works on an Army reclamation farm 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。
The students are working on a school farm 学生们正在校办农场劳动。
This is a farmer's house on a farm 这是农场的农舍。
Who is on duty, tody 今天谁值日
We go on duty at 8 am 我们上午8点钟上班。
关于、基础、靠、著论
例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation 今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。
Professor Shen will give us a talk on travelling in America 申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。
You are wrong on all these issues 在这些问题上你的看法都错了。
The belief is based on practical experience 这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。
Theory must be based on practice 理论必须以实践为基础。
The people in the south live on rice 南方人主食大米。(靠)
The citizens live on their salaries 城市人靠薪金生活。
You can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month. 靠月薪100元的收入,你是买不起奢侈品的。
Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food. 她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗。
He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people 他正是一个小偷,专靠损害别人过日子。
Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling) 让水壶的水一直开着。
The enemy are on the run (=running) 敌人在逃跑。
on后接the加上一个作名词的动词.其意义与现在分词所表达的相近。类似例子很多如:
on the march在行军中,on the mend 在好转中,on the prowl徘徊,on the move活动中,on the scrounge巧取豪夺(埋语),on the go活跃,忙碌,on the lookout注意, 警戒,on the watch监视着。on the hop趁不备抓住某人等等。
on the People's Democratic Dictatorship<<实践论>>和<<矛盾论>>
on the People's Democratic Dictatorship<<论人民民主专政>>
"on Coalition Government" <<论联合政府>>
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付,相反、准
注:口诀中的"着"是指着火,罢指罢工,偷指偷偷地,公指出差、办公事;假指休假,准指准时。
例:The house next to mine was on fire 我邻居的房子着火了。
The workers of the railway station were on strike 铁路工人罢工了。
Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale 新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。
do something on the sly (quiet) 秘密地(暗地里,偷偷地)做某事。
I've come here on business 我是有公事来的。
They went to Bern on a mission 他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。
They has been away on a long trip 他们出去做一次长途旅行。
I'll go home on leave next month 下月我将休假回家。
I went on business to Shanghai I did not take leave 我是公出去上海的,不是不告面别。
She came to see you on purpose 她是专程来看你的。
He came here on purpose to discuss it with you 他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的。
This lunch is on me
"No let's go Dutch"
"这顿午饭我付钱。"
"不,还是各付各的。"
On the contrary, it was very easy to understand 相反,这事儿很容易理解。
P1ease come on time (on schedule) 请准时来。
注:in time是"及时"的意思。
The train arrived on schedule 火车准时到达。
特定时间和"一……就",左右on后动名词
例:Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling 气体加热时膨胀,冷却时收缩。(特定时间)
On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits 一进屋,他就发现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞。
On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang 一到城里他就给老杨打了一个电话。
I'll write to him on hearing from you 我接到你的来信就给他写信。(一……就)
以及on the left, right向左向右,on the stair在台阶上等。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage用in
例:On foot步行; on horse骑马; on donkey 骑驴。
He rode on, blood flowing from his side 他骑着马,鲜血从腰部流下来。
The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit 为赶上部队,那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。
Go on horse back! 骑马去!
You are having me on! 你和我开玩笑呢!
in cab和in carriage 不能用on或by cab或carrige。
at山脚、门口在当前,速、温、日落价核心
即在山脚下、在门口、在目前,速度、以……速率、温度、在日落时、在……核心要用at。
例:At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades 在山脚下,有我们30个同志。
There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill 山脚下有一个美丽的湖。
At the gate of the house there are many children playing glassball 门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。
Who's standing there at the door 谁站在门口
I don't need the dictionary at present 我现在还不需要这本词典。
He is at present in Washington 他目前正在华盛顿。
The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour 火车每小时行驶50公里。
we built the plant at top speed and minimun cost 我们以最低的投资,最高的速度修建了该工厂。
at home 在国内,在家里
at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10度
at minus ten degrees centigrade 摄氏零下10度
Water freezes at 0°centigrade 水在镊氏零度结冰。
Water usually boils at 100° 水通常在摄氏loo度沸赐。
at zero 在零度
at the rate of 45 miles an hour
at full speed 全速
at a good price 高价
at a low cost 低成本
at a great cost 花了很大代价
at that time 在当时
Evaporation takes place at all tempertures 蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。
at 1000RPM (revolution per minute) 每分钟1000转
at a high speed 高速
The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset 战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击。
at daybreak 日出时
The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party 领导我们事业的核心力量是中国***。
The atom has a nucleus at its core 在原子的中心有一个原于核。
At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us 这学期开始,我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。
早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。
年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。
将来时态in以后,小处at大处in。
有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。
特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。
介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,
收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。
特定时日和“一……就”,on后常接动名词。
年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。
at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。
工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。
就……来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man。
this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。
接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。
over、under正上下,above、below则不然,
若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。‘
beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。
besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。
同类比较except,加for异类记心间。
原状because of,、 owing to、 due to表语形容词
under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分。
before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。
before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。
since以来during间,since时态多变换。
与之相比beside,除了last but one。
复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。
ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。
之后、关于、在方面,有关介词须记全。
in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。
如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀,就不易出错。当然,至于介词的详尽用法,同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。
早、午、晚要用in
例:in the morning 在早上
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
in the day 在白天
at黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
at noon 在中午
at night 在夜间
at midnight 在午夜
以上短语都不用冠词
at six o'clock 在6点钟
at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7点半
at half past eleven 在11点半
at nine fifteen 在9点15分
at ten thirty am 在上午10点30分
也可以写成
seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)
five minutes after two 2点过5分
at a quarter to two 1点45分
at the weekend 在周末
年、月、年月、季节、周
即在“来年”,在“某月”,在“某年某月” (但在某年某月某日则用on),在四季,在第几周等都要用in。
例;in 1986 在1986年
in 1927 在1927年
in April 在四月
in March 在三月
in December 1986 1986年12月
in July l983 1983年7月
in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季
in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季
in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周
in the third week 在第三周
阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in,
即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。
例:Don't read in dim light 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。
They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。
They are sitting in the shade of a tree 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。
a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station 他冒雨到车站去接我。
The poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛.
以及:in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下
a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人
the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女
in uniform 穿着制服
in mourning 穿着丧服
in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋
in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫
将来时态in以后
例: They will come back in 10 days 他们将10天以后回来。
I'll come round in a day or two 我一两天就回来。
We'll be back in no time 我们一会儿就回来。
Come and see me in two days' time 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)
after (从过去开始)
小处at大处in
例:Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well Don't worry 李和我平安地到达黑山县,一切很好,勿念。
I live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一个小城镇,而我的父母则住在农村。
I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan 我住在辽宁省鞍山市.
有形with无形by,语言 、单位、材料in
例:The workers are paving a road with stone 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)
The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)
"Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy" is a good opera < <智取威虎山 > >是—出好戏。(无形)
The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。 (表示方式、手段、方法——无形)
I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed. 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。 (表示某种语言用in)
I wrote a novel in Russian 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)
The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system. 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。 (表示度、量、衡单位的用in )
The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)
This board was cast in bronze not in gold 这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。
特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in
特征或状态:
例: The Democratic Party was then in power 那时民主党执政。
They found the patient in a coma 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。
He has not been in good health for some years 他几年来身体一直不好。
Many who came in despair went away in hope 许多人带着绝望情绪而来,却满怀希望而去。
The house was in ruins 这房屋成了废墟。
The poor girl was in tears 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。
Her clothes were in rags 她的衣跟穿破了。
His shoes were in holes 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。
I only said it in fun 我说这话只是开玩笑的。
She spoke in grief rather than in anger 与其说她讲得很气愤,不如说她讲得很伤心。
还有一些短语也用in,如:
in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地, in fairness 公正地,in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等。
His mind was in great confusion 他脑子里很乱。
Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb 今天大家都兴高采烈,没有一个情绪低落的。
She and her classmates are in flower ages 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。
The compaign was in full swing 运动正值高潮中。
方面:
例:we accepted the item in principle 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。
They are never backward in giving their views 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。
The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。
A good teacher must be an example in study 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。
方式:
例:All the speeches were taken down in shorthand 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。
The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。
如下成语惯用in
例如: in all 总计
in advance 事前
in the meantime 与此同时
in place 适当地
in hopes of(或in the hope of) 怀着希望
in connection with 和……有关
in contact with 和……联系
in addition to 除以外
in case of 倘若,万一
in conflict with 和冲突
in force 有效的,大批
in depth 彻底地
in regard to 关于
in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近
in retrospect 回顾,一想起
in behalf of 代表利益
in the least 一点,丝毫
in alarm 惊慌、担心
in the opinion of 据……见解
in the long run 从长远说来
in one's opinion 在……看来
in word 口头上
in a word 总之
in vain 无益地, 白白地
in case 如果,万一,以防
in detail 详细地
in haste 急急忙忙地
in conclusion 总之
in spite of 尽管
in other words 换句话说
in return 作为回报
in the name of 以名义
be confident in 对有信心
be interested in 对感兴趣
in doubt 怀疑
in love 恋爱中
in debt 负债
in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地
in hesitation 犹豫不决
in wonder 在惊奇中
in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)
in a good humour 心情(情绪)好
“介词at、to表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分”。
介词at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句:
1 A.She came at me 她向我扑过来。
B.She came to me 她向我走过来。
2.A.Jake ran at John 几 杰克向约翰扑过去。
B.Jake ran to John 杰克朝约翰跑去。
3.A He rushed at the woman with a sword 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。
B He rushed to the woman with a sword 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。
4.A.He shouted at the old man 他大声喝斥那老人。
B He shouted to the old man 他大声向那老人说
5.A.I heard her muttering at Xiao Li 我听见她在抱怨小李。
B.I heard her muttering to Xiao Li 我听见她在同小李低声说话。
6.A She talked at you just now 她刚才还说你坏话呢。
B.She talked to you just now 她刚才还同你谈话呢
7.A.She threw a bone at the dog 她用一块骨头砸狗。
B.She threw a bone to the dog 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。
8.A.He presented a pistol at me 他用手枪对着我。
B.He presented a pistol to me 他赠送我一支手枪。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用on。
例: on Octorber the first 1949 1949年10月1日
on February the thirteenth l893 1893年2月13日
on May the first 5月1日
on the first 1号
on the sixteenth 16号
on the second of January 或 on January the second 1月2日
on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚
on Boxing Day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)
on New Year's Day 在元旦
on my birthday 在我的生日
但 in the Christmas holidays在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代,则用in,the present time 现在,at the present day当今则用at。
on May Day 在“五•一”节
on winter day 在冬天
on Decenber 12th 1950 l950年12月12日
on Sunday 在星期天
on Monday 在星期一
on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨
on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午
on Friday evening 星期五晚上
但last night 昨夜;in the evening 在晚上; on time准时,in time及时,等则不同。
年月日,加早午晚,of之前on代in
例: on the morning of 18th 18日早晨
on the evening of 4th 4日晚上
On the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a garewell speech 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会,他们的团长发表了告别讲话。
收音、农场,值日on
例:Did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night
您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗
I heard the news over (or on) the radio 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。
taIk over the radio 由无线电播音
on TV 从电视里
hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到
My brother works on an Army reclamation farm 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。
The students are working on a school farm 学生们正在校办农场劳动。
This is a farmer's house on a farm 这是农场的农舍。
Who is on duty, tody 今天谁值日
We go on duty at 8 am 我们上午8点钟上班。
关于、基础、靠、著论
例: This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation 今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。
Professor Shen will give us a talk on travelling in America 申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。
You are wrong on all these issues 在这些问题上你的看法都错了。
The belief is based on practical experience 这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。
Theory must be based on practice 理论必须以实践为基础。
The people in the south live on rice 南方人主食大米。(靠)
The citizens live on their salaries 城市人靠薪金生活。
You can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month. 靠月薪100元的收入,你是买不起奢侈品的。
Her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food. 她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗。
He is just a scrounger, who lives on other people 他正是一个小偷,专靠损害别人过日子。
Keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling) 让水壶的水一直开着。
The enemy are on the run (=running) 敌人在逃跑。
on后接the加上一个作名词的动词.其意义与现在分词所表达的相近。类似例子很多如:
on the march在行军中,on the mend 在好转中,on the prowl徘徊,on the move活动中,on the scrounge巧取豪夺(埋语),on the go活跃,忙碌,on the lookout注意, 警戒,on the watch监视着。on the hop趁不备抓住某人等等。
on the People's Democratic Dictatorship < <实践论 > >和 < <矛盾论 > >
on the People's Democratic Dictatorship < <论人民民主专政 > >
"on Coalition Government" < <论联合政府 > >
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付,相反、准
注:口诀中的“着”是指着火,罢指罢工,偷指偷偷地,公指出差、办公事;假指休假,准指准时。
例:The house next to mine was on fire 我邻居的房子着火了。
The workers of the railway station were on strike 铁路工人罢工了。
Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale 新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。
do something on the sly (quiet) 秘密地(暗地里,偷偷地)做某事。
I've come here on business 我是有公事来的。
They went to Bern on a mission 他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。
They has been away on a long trip 他们出去做一次长途旅行。
I'll go home on leave next month 下月我将休假回家。
I went on business to Shanghai I did not take leave 我是公出去上海的,不是不告面别。
She came to see you on purpose 她是专程来看你的。
He came here on purpose to discuss it with you 他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的。
This lunch is on me
"No let's go Dutch"
“这顿午饭我付钱。”
“不,还是各付各的。”
On the contrary, it was very easy to understand 相反,这事儿很容易理解。
P1ease come on time (on schedule) 请准时来。
注:in time是“及时”的意思。
The train arrived on schedule 火车准时到达。
特定时间和“一……就”,左右on后动名词
例:Gases expand on heating and contract on cooling 气体加热时膨胀,冷却时收缩。(特定时间)
On entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits 一进屋,他就发现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞。
On reaching the city he called up Lao Yang 一到城里他就给老杨打了一个电话。
I'll write to him on hearing from you 我接到你的来信就给他写信。(一……就)
以及on the left, right向左向右,on the stair在台阶上等。
步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage用in
例:On foot步行; on horse骑马; on donkey 骑驴。
He rode on, blood flowing from his side 他骑着马,鲜血从腰部流下来。
The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit 为赶上部队,那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。
Go on horse back! 骑马去!
You are having me on! 你和我开玩笑呢!
in cab和in carriage 不能用on或by cab或carrige。
at山脚、门口在当前,速、温、日落价核心
即在山脚下、在门口、在目前,速度、以……速率、温度、在日落时、在……核心要用at。
例:At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades 在山脚下,有我们30个同志。
There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill 山脚下有一个美丽的湖。
At the gate of the house there are many children playing glassball 门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。
Who's standing there at the door 谁站在门口
I don't need the dictionary at present 我现在还不需要这本词典。
He is at present in Washington 他目前正在华盛顿。
The train runs at fifty kilometres an hour 火车每小时行驶50公里。
we built the plant at top speed and minimun cost 我们以最低的投资,最高的速度修建了该工厂。
at home 在国内,在家里
at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10度
at minus ten degrees centigrade 摄氏零下10度
Water freezes at 0°centigrade 水在镊氏零度结冰。
Water usually boils at 100° 水通常在摄氏loo度沸赐。
at zero 在零度
at the rate of 45 miles an hour
at full speed 全速
at a good price 高价
at a low cost 低成本
at a great cost 花了很大代价
at that time 在当时
Evaporation takes place at all tempertures 蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。
at 1000RPM (revolution per minute) 每分钟1000转
at a high speed 高速
The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset 战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击。
at daybreak 日出时
The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party 领导我们事业的核心力量是中国***。
The atom has a nucleus at its core 在原子的中心有一个原于核。
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