安东·巴甫洛维奇·契(qì)诃(hē)夫 (Anton Pavlovich Chekhov,(1860年1月17日-1904年7月15日),俄罗斯世界级短篇小说巨匠,杰出的剧作家。
是俄罗斯19世纪末期最后一位批判现实主义艺术大师,与法国作家莫泊桑和美国作家欧·亨利并称为“世界三大短篇小说家”。
1860年1月29日生于罗斯托夫省塔甘罗格市。1879年进入莫斯科医科大学医学系,1884年毕业后在兹威尼哥罗德等地行医,广泛接触平民和了解生活,这对他的文学创作有良好影响。
契诃夫以卓越的讽刺幽默才华为世界文学人物画廊中增添了两个不朽的艺术形象。他的名言“简洁是天才的姊妹”也成为后世作家孜孜追求的座右铭。
契柯夫对中国人民怀有美好的感情,曾约高尔基一同访问中国,但因久病不治而未遂心愿。1904年7月15日因肺病恶化而辞世。
参考资料
契科夫名言:
1、活该男人走运,凡是在热爱中的女人,总是被爱情迷住了眼睛,而且从来就不了解生活。
2、公众在任何时候任何地方都是一样的:又聪明又愚蠢,又和善又残酷——这要依当时的心情而定。它永远是一群羊,需要好牧人看羊狗;牧人和狗把它领到那儿去,它就永远跟着走。
3、大自然规定,人在生活中某一阶段就要产生爱情。到了那个阶段,就该加紧恋爱才对……法律上写着,正常的人应该结婚。……不结婚就没有幸福。那么有利的时机一到,就赶紧结婚,用不着拖拖拉拉。要紧的是别自作聪明,要按规矩办事!规矩是了不起的东西!
4、对自己不满足,是任何真正有天才的人的根本特征。
5、不过高尔基的功绩本来就不在于他写的东西都使人满意,而在于他的俄罗斯,乃至全世界,是第一个带着轻蔑和厌恶谈到小市民的人,而且他正是在社会已经为这种抗议准备成熟的时候来谈的。
6、女作家应当不是写,而是在纸上刺绣,因而工作得精细迟缓。
7、那种从早到晚,整天厮守的幸福,我受不了。我可以当一个非常好的丈夫,只是要给我一个像月亮一般的妻子,它将不是每天都在我的天空出现。
8、寻求真理的时候,人也进两步,退一步。痛苦啦、错误啦、对生活的厌倦啦,把他们抛回来,可是寻求真理的热望和固执的毅力会促使他们不断地前进。
9、人间万物正在日益完善。如瑞典火柴,小歌剧,火车头,代普莱牌葡萄酒,人与人的关系等。
10、人生的快乐和幸福不在金钱,不在爱情,而在真理。即使你想得到的是一种动物式的幸福,生活反正不会任你一边酗酒,一边幸福的,它会时时刻刻猝不及防地给你打击。
11、生活是恼人的牢笼。一个有思想的人到成年时期,对生活有了成熟的感觉,他就不能不感到他关在一个无从脱逃的牢笼里面。
12、困难与折磨对于人来说,是一把打向坯料的锤,打掉的应是脆弱的铁屑,锻成的将是锋利的钢刀。
13、雨和雪,两个潮湿的弟兄,死命抽打我们的脸。尽管这是冬天,闪电仍然向四面八方划破天空。闪电像忽闪忽闪的天蓝色眼睛那样迷人,又像思想那样疾速,而它威严雄壮的旅伴,轰雷,吓人地震撼着空气。
14、求人帮助的时候,求穷人比求富人容易。
15、人的一生应当是美丽的,面貌,衣裳,心灵,思想。
参考资料:
精选英语格言警句(英汉对照):
bad workman quarrels with his tools
拙匠常怨工具差。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush
双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。
A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk
闻其歌知其鸟,听其言知其人。
A blind man who leans against a wall imagines that it's the boundary of the world
坐井观天。
Absence sharpens love, presence strengthens it
相聚爱益切,离别情更深。
A burnt child dreads the fire
一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。
Accidents will happen
天有不测风云。
A clean hand wants no washing
身正不怕影子斜。
A clear conscience is a soft pillow
问心无愧,高枕无忧。
A clear conscience is a sure card
光明磊落,胜券在握。
A clear conscience laughs at false accusations
白日不做亏心事,夜半敲门心不惊。
A clear fast is better than a dirty breakfast
宁为清贫,不为浊富。
A close mouth catches no flies
病从口入,祸从口出。
A cock is valiant on his own dunghill
夜郎自大。
A common danger causes common action
同仇敌忾。
A contented mind is perpetual feast
知足常乐。
Actions speak louder than words
事实胜於雄辩。
Admonish your friends in private, praise them in public
在私底下要忠告你的朋友,在公开场合又表扬你的朋友。
A fair face may hide a foul heart
人不可貌相。
A faithful friend is hard to find
益友难得。
A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit
吃一堑,长一智。
After a storm comes a calm
否极泰来。
After black clouds, clear weather
否极泰来。
After death, the doctor
放马后炮。
A good appetite is a good sauce
饥不择食。
A good example is the best sermon
身教胜似言教。
A good face is a letter of recommendation
好的相貌就是一封推荐的介绍信。
A good fame is better than a good face
好的名望胜於好的相貌。
A good friend is my nearest relation
良友如近亲。
A good marksman may miss
智者千虑,必有一失。
A good maxim is never out of season
至理名言不会过时。
A good medicine tastes bitter
良药苦口,忠言逆耳。
A good winter brings a good summer
瑞雪兆丰年。
A happy heart makes a blooming visage
心花怒放,笑逐颜开。
A hero is known in the time of misfortune
时势造英雄。
A lazy youth, a lousy age
少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
Ale will make a cat speak
酒后吐真言。
A little is better than none
聊胜於无。
A little leak will sink a great ship
千丈之堤溃於蚁穴。
A little neglect may breed great mischief
小不忍则乱大谋。
A little spark kindles a great fire
星星之火,可以燎原。
A little wind kindles, much puts out the fire
适可而止,过犹不及。
All covet, all lose
贪多必失。
All is fair in war
兵不厌诈。
All is not gold that glitters
闪光的东西并不都是黄金。
All roads lead to Rome
条条道路通罗马。
All shall be well, Jack shall have Jill
有情人终成眷属。
All the treasures of the earth would not bring back one lost moment
机会失去不再来,千贯万贯难赎回。
All things are easy that are done willingly
做事乐意,诸事容易。
All things are obedient to money
有钱能使鬼推磨。
A maiden with many wooers often chooses the worst
少女有了许多求婚者往往选中了最差的一个。
A man apt to promise is apt to forget
轻诺者易忘。
A man can not spin and reel at the same time
一心不能二用。
A man cannot whistle and drink at he same time
一心不能二用。
A man has two ears and one mouth that he may hear much and speak little
人有两只耳朵一张嘴,就是为了多听少说话。
A man knows his companion in a long journey and a little inn
路遥知马力,日久见人心。
A man may dig his grave with his teeth
祸从口出。
A man may lead a horse to the water, but he cannot make him drink
牵马到河易,强马饮水难。
A man may love his house well without riding on the ridge
有宝何必人前夸。
A match will set fire to a large building
星星之火,可以燎原。
Ambition never dies until there is no way out
不到黄河心不死
A miss is as good as a mile
失之毫厘,差之千里。
Among the blind the one-eyed man is king
山中无老虎,猴子称霸王。
A near friend is better than a far-dwelling kinsman
远亲不如近邻。
An enemy's mouth seldom speaks well
狗嘴里吐不出象牙。
An evil chance seldom comes alone
祸不单行。
A new broom sweeps clean
新官上任三把火。
An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening
一日之计在於晨。
An old physician, and a young lawyer
医生年老的好,律师年轻的俏。
An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity; a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity
乐观的人在灾难中看到希望;悲观的人在希望中看到灾难。
An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure
预防胜於治疗。
Answer a fool according to his folly
以其人之道,还治其人之身。
A penny saved is a penny earned
省钱就是赚钱。
Apparel makes the man
马靠鞍装,人靠衣装。
Appearances are deceitful
人不可貌相,海水不可斗量。
A road of a thousand miles begins with one step
千里之行始於足下。
A rolling stone gathers no moss
滚石不生苔,转业不聚财。
As a man sows, so he shall reap
种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。
A secret between more than two is no secret
两人以上知道的秘密就不算秘密。
A servant is known by his master's absence
主人不在可以看出仆人的品行来。
A silent tongue and true heart are the most admirable things on earth
缄默的嘴,真诚的心,是世界上最令人赞美的东西。
A single spark can start a prairie fire
星星之火,可以燎原。
A smart coat is a good letter of introduction
人要衣装,佛要金装。
A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner
平静的海洋练不出熟练的水手。
A sow, when washed; returns to the muck
江山易改,本性难移。
As the old cock crows, so doth the young
有其父必有其子。
As the touchstone tries gold, so gold tries man
试金石可以试金,正如黄金可以试人。
As the tree falls, so shall it lie
自作自受。
As they sow, so let them reap
种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。
A still tongue makes a wise head
智者寡言。
A stitch in time saves nine
小洞不补,大洞吃苦。
A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe
身正不怕影子斜。
A straw shows which way the wind blows
一叶便知秋。
A stumble may prevent a fall
小惩大诫。
As you make your bed so you must lie on it
自食其果。
As you sow you shall mow
种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。
A tall tree catches the wind
树大招风。
A tree is known by its fruit
观其行而知其人。
A true friend is known in the day of adversity
疾风知劲草,患难知友情。
Avarice blinds our eyes
财迷心窍。
Avarice increases with wealth
越富越贪。
A wanderer who is determined to reach his destination does not fear the rain
决心赶到目的地,浪汉何惧雨来淋。
A watched pot is long in boiling
心急水不沸。
A wilful man will have his way
有志者是竟成。
A word spoken is an arrow let fly
一言既出,驷马难追。
A word spoken is past recalling
一言既出,驷马难追。
Bad workmen often blame their tools
拙匠常怪工具差。
Beauty is but skin-deep
红颜易变。
Beauty is in the eye of the gazer
情人眼里出西施。
Beauty lies in lover's eyes
情人眼里出西施。
Bees that have honey in their mouths have stings in their tails
口蜜腹剑。
Before gold, even kings take off their hats
有钱能使鬼推磨。
Beggars cannot be choosers
饥不择食。
Beggars must be no choosers
饥不择食。
Behind bad luck comes good luck
塞翁失马,焉知非福。
Be honest rather clever
诚实比聪明更要紧。
Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle
随遇而安。
Be just to all, but trust not all
要公正对待所有的人,但不要轻信所有的人。
Believe not all that you see nor half what you hear
眼见的不能全信,耳闻的也不能半信。
Be slow to promise and quick to perform
不轻诺,诺必果。
Be swift to hear, slow to speak
多听少说。
Better an empty purse than an empty head
宁可钱袋瘪,不要脑袋空。
Better an open enemy than a false friend
明枪易躲,暗箭难防。
Better good neighbours near than relations far away
远亲不如近邻。
Between the cup and the lip a morsel may slip
功亏一篑。
Between two stools one falls to the ground
脚踏两头要落空。
Beware beginnings
慎始为上。
Big mouthfuls ofter choke
贪多嚼不烂。
Bind the sack before it be full
做事应适可而止。
Birds of a feather flock together
物以类聚,人以群分。
Birth is much, but breeding is more
出身固然重要,教养更且重要。
Bite off more than one can chew
贪多咽不下。
Bite the hand that feeds one
恩将仇报。
Bitter pills may have wholesome effects
良药苦口利於病。
Blind men can judge no colours
不宜问道於盲。
Blood is thicker than water
血浓於水。
Bread is the staff of life
民以食为天。
Brevity is the soul of wit
言以简洁为贵。
Bring up a raven and he'll pick out your eyes
养虎贻患。
Burn not your house to rid it of the mouse
投鼠忌器。
Burnt child dreads the fire
一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。
Business before pleasure
事业在先,享乐在后。
Business is business
公事公办。
By doing we learn
经一事,长一智。
By falling we learn to go safely
吃一堑,长一智。
By other's faults, wise men correct their own
他山之石,可以攻玉。
By reading we enrich the mind; by conversation we polish it
读书可以使我门的思想充实,谈话使其更臻完美。
这里面也有很多的:
http://www51educationnet/knowledge/geyanhtm
常用的英语格言和成语:
http://educhinacom/zh_cn/elearn/second/fantasy/502/20020912/11327503html
剧作:《论烟草的危害》,喜剧。喜剧《蠢货》和四幕喜剧《伊凡诺夫》,独幕笑剧《求婚》和四幕喜剧《林神》。独幕笑剧《被迫无奈的悲剧角色》、《结婚》。
独幕笑剧《纪念日》四幕喜剧《海鸥》(Чайка)。四幕剧《万尼亚舅舅》(Дядя Ваня)喜剧《海鸥》(Чайка)四幕正剧《三姐妹》(Три сестры),悲喜剧《樱桃园》。
扩展资料契诃夫戏剧创作的题材,倾向和风格与他的抒情心理小说基本相似。他不追求离奇曲折的情节,他描写平凡的日常生活和人物,从中揭示社会生活的重要方面。
在契诃夫的剧作中有丰富的潜台词和浓郁的抒情味;他的现实主义富有鼓舞力量和深刻的象征意义,“海鸥”和“樱桃园”就都是他独创的艺术象征。斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基、丹钦科以及莫斯科艺术剧院(1898年建立)与契诃夫进行了创造性的合作。
参考资料:
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