有关于中国航天的报道(英语)

中国首次载人航天飞船“神舟五号”发射成功了，在这举国欢腾的时刻，国家航天局网站记者采访了国防科工委副主任、国家航天局局长、载人航天工程副总指挥栾恩杰。栾恩杰难抑心中的激情，就我国航天事业取得的巨大成就和重要意义，以及“探月工程”及其目标、航天活动的下一步发展等重要问题回答了记者的提问。

记者：中国首次载人航天飞船“神舟五号”发射成功了，它有什么重要意义？

栾恩杰：中国首次载人航天飞船“神舟五号”发射成功，全国人民都沉浸在无比的喜悦之中，我也非常激动！“神舟五号”发射成功，实现了中国人千年的飞天梦想，体现了我国的综合国力，增强了中华民族的凝聚力，振奋了民族精神，推动了我国航天事业发展和科学技术进步。“神舟五号”发射成功，表明中国的科技、中国航天科技已经实现了新的跨越！

党中央、国务院和中央军委在10年前就确定了中国载人航天飞行的目标，这是高瞻远瞩的英明决策。1992年，我国在航天事业达到了一定水平、有能力完成这项工程时，就不失时机地做出这个重大决策。实践证明，这个决定是完全正确的！我们航天战线的广大职工没有辜负党中央、国务院和全国人民的信任和希望。我们用了10年时间，就完成了这样一个伟大的历史任务。这是中国航天史上的一个重要里程碑，我们几代航天人可以毫无愧色地说，中国航天人对祖国、人民和党有了一个圆满的交待！能够参与这项活动，我感到非常自豪！

记者：中国首次载人航天飞船发射成功，对人类探索太空活动有什么意义和作用？

栾恩杰：我认为，航天活动是人类的活动，各国取得的航天成就都是人类的成就。1999年，中国第一艘航天飞船(神舟一号)成功后，俄罗斯航天局局长给我发来贺电，他对中国航天事业取得长足的进步和里程碑式的成果，感到非常高兴。而美国对太阳系包括月球、火星的认识，也都是人类的认识。阿姆斯特朗登上月球时说：这是我的一小步，人类的一大步。中国国家航天局制定的方针是：开发太空，和平利用，造福全人类。我国的成就表明，人类在探索空间活动中，又有了一支生力军。中国的航天力量，作为国际航天力量的一部分，将在人类探索天空和人类文明的发展中发挥重要作用。中国航天界人士将在此基础上扩大国际交往与合作，共同提高人类的深空探索和太空活动水平。

记者：中国的航天事业，为什么能在较短的时间内取得如此巨大的成就？

栾恩杰：我认为，中国航天事业能取得今天的成就，首先是党中央、国务院和中央军委的英明决策和领导。特别是在中国这样一个发展中国家，能独立地走出自己的发展路子，取得今天这样的成就，是非常不容易的。中国航天事业的所有工程技术人员、解放军指战员是主力军，他们发扬自力更生、艰苦奋斗、大力协同、无私奉献、严谨务实、勇于攀登、热爱祖国的“两弹一星”精神，为中国的航天事业努力拼搏。还有一支重要的方面军，就是各行各业的大协作、大配套，全力支持，克服了许多困难。他们默默无闻，是幕后英雄。没有他们，就没有我们今天的成就。全国人民的大力支持，是我们的精神支柱。中国航天事业的进步，牵动着国人的心，他们给我们精神上的鼓励，让我们有使不完的劲，这是强大的民族凝聚力的表现。

记者：从中国航天事业取得的成就来看，您认为中国是一个航天大国吗？

栾恩杰：评价一个国家的航天能力，有几个指标：其一，是否具备独立的运载能力、有多大的运载能力、技术的可靠性，还有就是能用不同组合的运载完成各种各样的有效载荷和轨道要求。其二，送上天的卫星、飞船等各种航天器是可用的，卫星型谱完整，并且每个型谱下的卫星进入了实用阶段。其三，是研发能力，研制、生产、开发、服务、测试的能力。再就是地面的服务系统，如测量船等。从这几个方面看，中国已经是一个航天大国了。但离航天强国的要求还有一段距离。

记者：我国的“探月工程”是在什么背景下提出来的？“探月工程”的目标是什么？

栾恩杰：“探月工程”是我们在条件很成熟时提出来的。第一，离开地球，奔赴月球，跨越39万公里的路程，并且进入月球后，围绕月球旋转，同时完成对月观测，我们有这个能力，技术上是成熟的。我们只需适度修改完善现有的火箭、卫星，重新研制探月用的探测器，完成对月运行过程中需要的独特的控制系统的设计和装置，地面设备适度完善，就可以完成探月任务。

第二，在20世纪90年代初，中国航天专家就提出，我们应该进行探月活动，这是深空探测的第一步，其意义非常重大。这是航天活动发展的必由之路。

第三，科学研究的需求。我们研究月球的科学家提出建议：测出月球表面的三维影像，测量月球厚度，探测月球的表面，探测地、月之间的太空环境，这些就是促进探月工程起步的意向和支撑。我们“探月工程”的科学目标也比其他国家开展第一步月球活动时多。

中国科学家提出了“探月工程”的三大步：“绕、落、回”。“绕”，即环绕月球；“落”，即落到月球上，对月球进行实物探测；“回”，即取样返回。我们对第一步进行了充分的论证，只要对现在的成熟的运载技术进行适应性修改，重新研制一些针对月球的有效载荷等，我们就能较快地完成探月工程的第一期任务。“落”和“回”则比较复杂，难度较大。

记者：中国的航天活动下一步将如何发展？

栾恩杰：2000年11月22日，中国政府发表了《中国的航天》白皮书，确定了我国今后若干年航天发展的方向、方针和原则，在国际上引起很大反响。

我认为，中国载人航天活动要继续发展，同时要加大深空探测工程的密度。第一，我们准备以“探月工程”为突破口，进行深空探测的研究，探测月球是进入深空探测的第一步。第二，开展空间基础设施的论证和研究，为国民经济做出更大的贡献。航天的设施应作为国民经济发展的基础设施来研究和发展，要像建设高速公路网一样，来建设空间基础设施。我们要加强天地统筹的、一体化综合应用体系的建设，形成有中国特点的空间基础设施，为国民经济建设服务。我们的卫星要实现从实验应用型向业务服务型的转变。

关于新一代运载火箭，我们要尽快研制无毒、无污染，大推力，可靠性高的运载火箭系列，在“十一五”形成模块化的、组合式的新的运载火箭体系。

当前，全国各地都在深入学习“三个代表”重要思想，我认为我们的这种转变完全符合“三个代表”重要思想的要求。国家航天局将朝这个方向推进中国航天事业发展，开展载人航天工程和民用航天发展，为国民经济建设做出更大贡献。

航天事业发展时间表

Timeline of China's space industry

Starting from 1956, China's space industry has realized great achievements Here is a timetable of the country's space industry

October 8, 1956: The Fifth Academy of the National Defense Ministry -- the country's first rocket research institution – was founded, symbolizing the birth of the Chinese space industry

July 19, 1964: The first biological rocket was launched, carrying white mice into space

April 1, 1968: Institute of Space Medico-Engineering was established, initiating the selection and training of astronauts and the manned space flight medical engineering research

April 24, 1970: First artificial Earth satellite -- Dong Fang Hong-1 Satellite -- was launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center as China joins the former Soviet Union, America, France and Japan as the fifth country to launch satellites

November 26, 1975: The launch and recovery of the first recoverable satellite makes China the third country to master this technology

1979: Yuanwang-1 ocean-going tracking ship was commissioned, making China the fourth country to possess such a vessel

1985: The Long March rocket series began to initiate commercial launch programs In 1990, Long March 3 launched the first foreign satellite -- the US-built AsiaSat 1

1988: Ministry of Aerospace Industry was founded

1992: The Chinese manned space program was officially adopted

From 1990 to 2002, China launched four unmanned spaceships (Shenzhou 1 to Shenzhou 4), laying solid foundations for future manned spacecraft

October 15, 2003: The launch of its first manned aircraft -- Shenzhou 5 -- sent one astronaut into space The 21-hour flight allowed China to become the third country to independently conduct manned space flights, following the Soviet Union and the United States

October 12, 2005: Shenzhou 6 manned aircraft was launched, sending two astronauts into space

October 24, 2007: The first unmanned lunar orbiter -- Chang'e 1-- was launched, making China the fifth country to master this technology

2009: The first Mars probe is scheduled to be launched in a joint mission with Russia in October 2009

http://englishpeoplecomcn/90001/90781/90876/6472348html

未来7年的计划

BEIJING, July 25 (Xinhua) -- China aims to attain the world level in space technology development by building a comprehensive aerospace industry by 2015, the country's Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASTC) said here on Friday

According to a blueprint released by the state-owned company, CASTC was to set up four more scientific research and production bases including Tianjin, Inner Mongolia and Hainan The move would enable China to have eight space industry bases nationwide

At present, it has four bases respectively in Beijing, Shanghai, Shanxi and Sichuan

"The new format will benefit the local economy and society, especially when it becomes part of the strategic development of north China's Bohai region, south China's Pearl River Delta, and the country's western area," said Ma Xingrui, the space group general manager

CASTC's chief goal was to provide a package of service to its customers, including research, production, testing and other technology and services

"By 2015, the CASTC would take up 10 percent of the international commercial satellite market, and 15 percent of the world commercial space launch service market," the blueprint said

In May last year, the company sent a Nigerian communication satellite into space, creating a breakthrough for China satellite exports

According to the CASTC 2015 planning, China would also launch services in fields such as satellite management, capital investment related to the space industry, and aerospace information software, among others

Founded in 1999, CASTC has served as the leading research and production group to build up the country's aerospace and missile systems

Through last year, it had carried out 50 successful spacecraft launches via its Long March series of rocket carriers, sending 43 domestically-developed satellites, six spaceships and one lunar probe into orbit

Upon the completion of two manned space trips in 2003 and 2005,respectively, the next trip, the Shenzhou VII, is expected to be launched in October

还有这个网站上有很多东西关于我国航天事业

http://wwwskyscrapercitycom/showthreadphpp=25051158

Black holes on a collision course

趋于碰撞的黑洞

Scientists say Chandra provides first evidence that two such mysteries can coexist in one galaxy 科学家说，钱德拉望远镜首次证实两个黑洞可共存于同一星系中。

In a very bright galaxy 400 million light-years away, two black holes are drifting toward each other and in millions of years will merge with an eruption of energy and a burst of gravitational waves that could warp the very fabric of space, astronomers said Tuesday 天文学家本周二说，在一个距地球4亿光年的明亮星系内，两个黑洞正在互相靠近，数百万年后将融为一体，并爆发出大量的能量，由此产生的引力波可能会影响到宇宙的每一个角落。

THE SCIENTISTS said the Chandra X-ray Observatory has found the first evidence that two immense black holes can coexist in the same galaxy and that they are moving toward each other for an eventual merger 《科学家》说，钱德拉X线望远镜已经发现初步证据，证明两个巨大的黑洞可以同时存在于同一星系中，它们正在彼此靠拢，最终将合二为一。

The double black holes were found in a bright, highly active galaxy known as NGC6240, about 400 million light-years from the Earth 这对黑洞存在于一个极其活跃明亮的星系中，该星系被命名为NGC6240，它距地球约有4亿光年。

Astronomers studied NGC6240 because it produced unexplained bursts of X-rays that appeared to come from one of two nuclei at the galactic center Images collected by radio, infrared and optical observations showed two bright spots, but did not pinpoint the origin of the X-rays 天文学家之所以研究NGC6240，是因为发现该星系中心有两个核，其中一个不断爆发出难以解释的X线。由无线电、红外线和光学观察收集到的影像显示该星系中有两个亮点，但无法准确定位X线的来源。

When Chandra, with its sensitive X-ray detectors, focused on the nuclei, astronomers hoped it would tell them whether either of the two points of activity were black holes 钱德拉装有敏感的X线检测器，天文学家用它对准这星系的核心，希望确定两个活跃点中是否有一个为黑洞。

"Much to our surprise, we found that both were active black holes," Stefanie Komossa of the Max Planck Institute in Germany, said in a statement 德国Max Planck研究所的Stefanie Komossa在一份申明中说："我们惊讶地发现它俩都是活跃的黑洞。"

Finding two black holes in one galaxy, said Komossa, "supports the idea that black holes can grow to enormous masses in the centers of galaxies by merging with other black holes" Komossa说，同一星系两洞并存的科学发现证明，星系核心的黑洞可以通过相互兼并融合而发展为宏大的物质。

An artist's conception shows two black holes whirling around each other at the center of a galaxy 艺术化的构想是：这两个黑洞在星系中心互相围绕对方旋转。

Guenther Hasinger, also of Max Planck, said the Chandra images captured the unmistakable markings of two black holes - high-energy photons swirling around the dense black hole centers and X-rays spewing out from iron atoms being pulled into the center at a high rate of speed Max Planck的Guenther Hasinger说，钱德拉所摄的影像捕获了可以确定两个黑洞并存的迹象，即在密度甚高的黑洞中心周围涡动着高能量的光子，从铁原子中喷射出的X线被高速吸入黑洞中心。

Komossa and Hasinger are co-authors of a study submitted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters Hasinger和Komossa曾联名撰文发表在《天文物理学通讯》上。

The two black holes in NGC6240 are now about 3,000 light-years apart and are expected to merge some time in the next few hundred million years, the researchers said The merger will be accompanied by an eruption of radiation and a burst of gravitational waves that will spread throughout the universe, causing ripples in the fabric of space, the astronomers said 据研究人员介绍，NGC6240中的两个黑洞目前相距大约3000光年，预计要几亿年后才能彼此融合，届时将会产生大量的辐射和引力波，冲击宇宙各处，造成太空的涟漪。

The gravitational ripples could cause minute changes in the distance between any two points in the universe, they said 天文学家说，这种引力涟漪会使宇宙中任何两点间的距离发生细微的变化。

In another study, French and Argentine astronomers said that observations by the Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based telescopes have detected a stellar black hole streaking across the Milky Way at about 250,000 miles an hour A companion star is being dragged along and slowly devoured by the black hole, according to scientists at the French Atomic Energy Commission and the Institute for Astronomy and Space Physics in Argentina 在另一项研究中，法国和阿根廷天文学家说，通过哈勃太空望远镜和地面的天文望远镜，他们发现一个星球的黑洞正以25万英里的时速穿越银河系。据法国原子能委员会和阿根廷天文和空间物理研究所的科学家介绍，这个黑洞后还有另一颗星尾随相伴，并正在被黑洞慢慢地蚕食。

The astronomers said the stellar black hole may have been created by an exploding star in the inner disk of the Milky Way The black hole is 6,000 to 9,000 light years away, the researchers said A report on the observations appears Tuesday in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics

A black hole is a point in space that is so dense with matter that its gravitational field will not let anything - not even light - escape Stellar black holes, equal to 35 to about 15 solar masses, can be formed by the collapse of a single massive star But galactic black holes, such as those in NGC6240, are much larger, equal perhaps to millions of solar masses, and are usually at the center of galaxiesThe Milky Way, home galaxy of the sun and its planets, is thought to have a black hole at its centerWith its immense gravitational pull, a black hole can suck in gas, dust and other matter from the surrounding space Entire stars can be stripped and pulled into the bottomless maw As it spirals in at near light speeds, matter captured by a black hole heats by millions of degrees and gives out intense radiation in several parts of the spectrum, including X-rays The orbiting Chandra observatory is able to detect these X-rays and relay the data to Earth for study by astronomers 黑洞就是太空中的一个点，此点密度甚高，使得任何物质甚至光都无法脱离它的引力。一个巨星的瓦解就足以产生质量相当于35至15个太阳的星球黑洞。但星系黑洞如NGC6240中的黑洞要大得多，质量相当于几百万个太阳，通常位于星系的中心。 银河系是太阳及其九大行星的家，科学家认为银河系的中心就存在着一个黑洞。靠着强大的引力牵拉，黑洞能吸入来自周围空间的气体、尘埃和其它物质。这个无底洞甚至将整个星球分解后吸入。物质被黑洞捕获后以几近光速的高速被旋转吸入洞中时，它所释放出的热量可高达几百万度，并可发出不同的强烈射线，包括X射线。正在轨道上运转的钱德拉望远镜可以检测到这些X射线，并将数据传回地球，供天文学家研究。

NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory was launched and deployed by the space shuttle Columbia on July 23, 1999 美国航空航天局的钱德拉X线望远镜是在1999年7月23日，由哥伦比亚号太空飞船搭载发射升空的。

生命的循环

Facing death, Jeff Cross and Lily Cheng had run out of options But a rare "domino" liver transplant, involving a living donor, gave both a future

面对死亡，杰夫·克罗斯和程莉莉已经没有其他选择了。但是一个罕见的"多米诺"式肝脏移植(涉及到一位活人器官捐献者)，却给两人带来了新的生机。

范文：

I have many dreams, such as I am rich in the future Therefore, I can buy all what I want But my greatest dream is that I want to be an astronaut 

我有很多梦想，比如我希望将来变得富有，这样我就可以买我想买的一切。但是我最大的梦想是成为一名宇航员。

Our country develops fast and our space make great progress in the last several decades It has great achievements All of our country are proud of it Therefore, I want to be one of this amazing area 

我们国家发展得很快，而且在过去几十年中太空取得了巨大进步，有很多大成就，所有人都为之骄傲。因此，我想成为这一神奇领域中的一员。

In order to make my dream come true, I must work hard now So that I can go to a good university to learn more knowledge I hope my dream can come true one day

为了使我的梦想成真，我必须从现在开始努力。这样我就能够去一所好的大学学习更多的知识了。我希望有一天能够梦想成真。

China's First Lunar Probe Blasts off

China launched its first lunar probeon Wednesday, the first step into its ambitiousthree-stage moon mission, marking a new milestonein the country's space exploration history

The circumlunarsatellite Chang'e-1 blasted off on a Long March 3A carrier rocket at 6:05 pm from the No 3 launching tower in the Xichang Satellite Launch Center of southwestern Sichuan Province

Hundreds of domestic reporters, more than 2,000 tourists from all over the country, and space experts from Japan, Germany, Italy and other countries invited by the Chinese space authorities gathered at the launch center to see the historic moment

"The launch was very successful, and everything is proceeding just as planned," said Wu Ji, director of the Space Science and Applied Research Center under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

Chang'e-1 separated from carrier rocket at 6:29 pm and entered into a 16-hour orbitat 205 kilometers perigee and 50,930 kilometers apogee, according to the Beijing Aerospace Control Center (BACC)

Chang'e-1 is so far the most sophisticatedsatellite China has ever built Scientists will maneuver it at least 10 times before it arrives in the moon's orbit China's Shenzhou VI manned spacecraft was maneuvered three times by scientists in the flight control center

相关联接：

嫦娥一号卫星准确入轨 发射圆满成功

新华网西昌10月24日电(记者 贾永、白瑞雪、孙彦新)：“嫦娥奔月”，这个千古流传的神话，正在成为中国航天的现实。

24日18时05分，中国第一颗探月卫星嫦娥一号在西昌卫星发射中心成功升空。

海拔1500米的西昌，有着“月亮城”之称。火箭升空的那一刻，西沉的夕阳和火箭喷出的烈焰在天幕上组成了一幅奇妙的图景。

这是长征系列火箭的第103次飞行。

18时29分，嫦娥一号离开托举她的长征三号甲运载火箭，进入近地点205公里、远地点50930公里的超地球同步轨道，开始了100多万公里的奔月之旅。

未来两周内，卫星将经过4次变轨、2次-3次中途修正和3次近月制动，最终建立起距月球200公里的环月轨道，对月球开展科学探测。

在这个与地球最近的星球上，至今还没有中国人的足迹，却有一座以人类飞天第一人——明朝人万户命名的环形山。

1970年发射东方红一号至今，中国的卫星与地球的距离均在8万公里以内。而嫦娥一号离开地球的距离，整整38万公里。

这一数字，使嫦娥一号成为中国发射的距地球最远的卫星，也使中国成为世界上第5个发射月球探测器的国家。

绕月探测工程总指挥栾恩杰表示，嫦娥一号的成功发射，标志着中国的深空探测正式启动。

根据此前公布的规划，中国探月工程分为三个发展阶段分步实施：一期工程实现绕月探测，二期工程实现月球软着陆探测和自动巡视勘察，三期工程实现自动采样返回。

作为“三步走”计划中的第一步，绕月探测工程于2004年初正式立项。

“这颗卫星最初叫‘探月一号’，后来改为‘嫦娥一号’这个诗意的名字。”绕月探测工程副总设计师龙乐豪说，“‘嫦娥’从‘月亮城’升起，这本身不就是件富有诗意的事情吗？”

神话传说和古典诗词中，“嫦娥”和她所居住的“月宫”，常常是代表着思念、爱慕等美好情感的意象。在嫦娥一号的升空地西昌，人们把美丽勤劳的彝家女子比作“月亮的女儿”。

梦想成真，中国航天人用了3年时间，就托举着完全自主创新的嫦娥一号进入太空。

据介绍，组成绕月工程的卫星、火箭、发射场、测控、地面应用五大系统中，数十项关键技术和设备在国际或国内属首次应用。

在预计为一年的工作中，前往月球“探亲”的嫦娥一号要完成四大任务：获取月球全表面三维图像，分析月球表面有用元素和物质类型的含量和分布，探测月壤特性，探测4万公里至40万公里间地月空间环境。

绕月探测工程负责人说，中国本着和平开发利用空间的原则开展月球探测和深空探测活动，愿意与世界各国开展多种形式的合作。

“‘嫦娥’的故乡在中国，但‘嫦娥’属于全世界。”这位负责人说。

刘洋，女，汉族，河南省林州市人，中共党员，学士学位。1978年10月出生，1997年8月入伍，2001年5月入党，现为中国人民解放军航天员大队四级航天员，少校军衔。曾任空军某师某团某飞行大队副大队长，安全飞行1680小时，被评为空军二级飞行员。

Liu Yang, female, the Han nationality, Henan Province, Linzhou City, the Communist Party, Bachelor degree Born in October 1978, 1997 2001 August the army, joined the party in May, the Chinese people's Liberation Army astronaut group four astronauts, the rank of major A former Air Force Regiment of division a group deputy commander, 1680 hours of flight safety, was rated as the two air force pilot

Colonel Fèi Jùnlóng ( 费俊龙) (born 1965) is the second Chinese astronaut (or yuhangyuan) to fly into space as part of the Shenzhou program

He was born in Suzhou, Jiangsu province of China and was recruited from high school by the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) in 1982 at the age of 17 He graduated with excellent marks from the PLAAF's No 9 Aviation School, the Changchun No1 Flight College of the PLA Air Force and Flight Training School of the Air Force In the PLAAF, he was a pilot, flight trainer and flight technology inspector

Colonel Fèi was selected to be an astronaut in 1998 He was in the final five selected for the Shenzhou 5 flight He was the commander on the Shenzhou 6 flight that launched October 12, 2005, with Niè Hǎishèng (flight engineer) They landed on October 17, 2005

He was married in 1991 and has one son During his personal time he dabbles in fine arts

Colonel Niè Hǎishèng (聂海胜) (born October 13, 1964) is a Chinese astronaut (yuhangyuan)

He was born in Yangdang town of Zaoyang, Hubei Province After graduating from high school he joined the People's Liberation Army Air Force and became a fighter pilot During his training at the PLAAF's No 7 Flying School he was:

Commander of a flight squadron

Deputy Commander of a group

Master navigator

Graduating in 1987 and continued a career in the PLAAF He has reached the rank of Lieutenant Colonel

On June 12, 1989 while flying at 13,000 feet (4000 meters) his plane suffered an explosion and he lost his engine The plane began to spin to the ground and the cabin began to heat up Trying to regain control he waited until the plane was 1300 to 1700 feet (400 to 500 meters) before choosing to eject For his handling of the situation he was honored with third-class merit

The person I admire most once was Yang Liwei I was moved by his spirit of brave At first I know him from TV I konw he is the first chinese who entered the outer space by spacecraftI admire his quality ，and I want to be the person as he isHe is such an excellent person! He has earned a lot of glory for China, setting a great example for our nation How can I don’t admire such a person