dark romanticism什么意思

dark romanticism是romanticism的一个对立面，主要出现在revolution war 前夕， 殖民国家被迫放弃了对美国的殖民统治， 美国的资本主义经济开始发展， 乡镇城市化、工业化， 该流派支持逃离社会，Nathaniel Hawthorne曾描写了两个anti-hero背离社会的方法，回到自然（DAVID SWAN）和回到过去(RIP VAN WINKLE)。
romanticism是Transcendentalism 的一部分，Transcendentalism 对立Enlightenment thinking。

Dark Romanticism as Reaction against Enlightenment and Romanticism
- humans as born good vs humans as born flawed and prone to self-destruction/guilt
- spiritual world as positive vs spiritual world as dark and not understandable
- creative Genius vs delusion
- rational vs irrational

Transcendentalism as a Reaction against Enlightenment thinking
- objective vs subjective
- materialism (5 senses) vs spiritualism (Sublime)
- societal progress vs escape to Nature (Oversoul, quiet desperation)
- different views of self-improvement
- different views of Nature