关于人类冷冻食物和冰箱历史的文章,和冰箱给你和你的家人带来的方便的英语作文

　　冰箱的由来(The origin of Refrigerators) 直到 19 世纪中期，"冰箱"这个名词才进入了美国语言，但 冰仅仅只是开始影响美国普通市民的饮食。冰的买卖随着城市的 发展而发展。 冰被用在旅馆、酒馆、医院以及被一些有眼光的城市商人用 于肉、鱼和黄油的保鲜。内战(1861-1865)之后，冰被用于冷藏货 车，同时也进入了民用。 甚至在1880 年前，半数在纽约、费城和巴尔的摩销售的冰， 三分之一 在波士顿和芝加哥销售的冰进入家庭使用，因为一种新的家 庭设备，冰箱，即现代冰箱的前身，被发明了。制造一台有效率 的冰箱不像我们想象的那么简单。 19 世纪早期，关于对冷藏科学至关重要的热物理知识是很 浅陋的。认为最好的冰箱应该防止冰的融化这样一个 普遍的观点显然是错误的，因为正是冰的融化起了制冷作 用。早期为节省冰的努力，包括用毯子把冰包起来，使得冰不能 发挥它的作用。直到近19 世纪末，发明家们才成功地找到有效率的冰箱所需要的精确 的隔热和循环的精确平衡。但早在1803 年，一位有发明天才的 马里兰农场主，托马斯莫尔，找到了正确方法。他拥有一 个农场，离华盛顿约20 英里，那里的乔治镇村庄是集市中心。 当他用自己设计的冰箱运送黄油去市场时，他发现顾客们会 走过装在竞争者桶里那些迅速融化的黄油而给他比市价更高的 价格买他仍然新鲜坚硬，整 齐地切成一磅一块的黄油。莫尔说他的冰箱的一个好处是使 得农民们不必在夜里上路去市场以保持他们产品的低温。

　　by the mid-nineteenth century, the term “icebox” had entered the american language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the united states the ice trade grew with the growth of cities ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter after the civil war( 1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use even before 1880,half of the ice sold in new york, philadelphia, and baltimore, and one-third of that sold in boston and chicago, went to families for their own use this had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been inventedmaking an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose in the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary the commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping up the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient iceboxbut as early as 1803, and ingenious maryland farmer, thomas moore, had been on the right track he owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of washington, for which the village of georgetown was the market center when he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks one advantage of his icebox, moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool

一个装食物的长方形立体物体。用户可以说这个物体是里面可以容纳很多食品，然后可以保鲜的的一个长方形立体物体。《谁是卧底》是一个非常有趣，风靡全国的比拼语言表述能力、知识面与想象力的游戏。

要理解这两篇短文，还要注意作者运用的引人入胜的说明方法。首先是举例子。在文章中，作者举了许多例子来说明自己的观点。例如，《恐龙无处不在》为了证明不仅南极大陆有恐龙化石这一说法，列举“在地球的其他大陆上也都发现有恐龙化石”，“说明恐龙确实遍布于世界各地”；举‘南极也有自己的恐龙、两栖动物和其他在恐龙时代繁盛的植物和动物”的事实，说明南极不止只有恐龙化石，还有别的。说法严谨。

其次是作比较。例如《被压扁的沙子》中，谈到斯石英和普通沙子的区别时，为了让读者更清楚地了解，运用了“一立方英寸被压扁的沙子比一立方英寸普通的沙子要重得多”的比较方法；在《恐龙无处不有》中将南极的恐龙的命运与其他大陆的恐龙进行比较。“这些生物的命运比其他同类要悲惨得多，因为板块把它们向南携带到了极地。”

第三是打比方。短文还运用了打比方的方法，使得语言既生动又明白如话，如《恐龙无处不有》中“位于南极中心部位的南极洲是全球的大冰箱”一句，形象地说明了南极洲寒冷的程度和南极洲在地球中的重要地位。

除上述的方法之外，还有“列数字”“作诠释”等说明方法，这里不一一分述。