关于香水方面专业英语

关于香水方面专业英语,第1张

ABSOLUTE(纯香)

香花和芳香植物的最纯粹和浓缩的提取物,价格相当昂贵,相关的词还有CONCRETE(凝香体)。

ACCORD(调协)

一系列的香味混合在一起调和成一款新的香水(就好象在调色盘上蓝色和**可以混合成绿色)。

ALDEHYDE(醛)

一组气味强烈的化合物。多数是从酒精中提炼出来的,在现代香水业中运用得很多。它们帮助人们合成某种特定香料的香味。散发出独特的气息,同时可以使香水的气息加强。这种化合物最早是使用在夏奈尔的五号中的。

AMBER(琥珀)

从龙涎香中提炼的香料,在其它的天然香料中也能发现,比如琥珀香块(不是在珠宝业中使用的琥珀宝石)。见东方调(OPIENTAL)词条。

AROMACHOLOGY(芳香学)

香味对人的作用的研究,(比如,香味有安抚和刺激的作用)

AROMATHERAPY(芳香疗法)

用香油和其它的芳香物质做按摩或治疗方法。

AROMATIC(芳香料)通常说来,是一种有辛香味的植物或香料。更特别的是在香水业中,它被用来形容一些特定的香料比如熏衣草和迷迭香等主要用在男式香水中的香料。它也可以简单地被看成是"制造香味"。

ATOMIZER(喷雾器)

用来喷射或者制造气雾,(有一些已经成为收藏者的爱物)。

ATTAR(焦油)

也叫香油,或玫瑰香油。是从花特别是玫瑰花中提炼出来的提纯物。

BALSAM(香脂)

也叫香胶,从某种特定的植物中间提炼出来的厚而粘的胶状物质,气味像蜜糖一样甜丝丝的。(比如图鲁胶)。

BDELLIUM(树胶)

一种从热带的树上提纯的芳香的胶体(比如芳香树脂)。

BOUQUET(花束)

香水中花香的混合物,也是一种香水的合成方式。

CHYPRE(柏香)

从罗马时代和中世纪的意大利就是香水中重要的一个分支。现在经常被看成香水主要的族。在这种香水中,前调的用料(比如佛手柑)和中调的花香(比如玫瑰)长被木香和琥珀香的尾调柔合在一起。(比如橡树苔,广藿香,劳丹脂等)。

COFFRET(套盒)

一系列的小瓶香水装在一个礼盒中间出售。

CONCRETE(凝香体)

用挥发性的溶媒提炼出的精华油产品,当被称为玫瑰蜡的蜡状物质去掉以后,我们就能得到"纯香"(见前条)但是香水师们经常更喜欢用凝香体制香而不是纯香。

CONIFEROUS NOTE(松柏调)

松树、云杉、会树等树木的香味。

COUMARIN(香豆素)

在几种植物中间能够找到的物质,也可以从煤焦油里面合成,味道好象是新割的干草。

DISTILLATION(蒸馏法)

从植物中获得精华油的主要方法,,现在几乎都是用水蒸气来代替开水了。油蒸发出来并重新冷凝以后,漂浮在水面上,就可以收集起来。这种方法在公元8世纪的阿拉伯就开始运用了。

DOUBLE SCENT BOTTLE(双味瓶)

维多利亚时代的中期,有一种特别的香水瓶,两头都可以打开,通常一头是香水而另一头是嗅盐。

DRY PERFUME(干香粉)

近来发展的一种新的香水种类,如珍珠粉半是粉状的细末,涂在皮肤上面会四散而发出香味。

EARTHY NOTE(泥土调)

香水散发出类似泥土般的气息,在某种特定的香油中可以发现它,比如广藿香和香根。

EAU DE COLOGNE(古龙水)

18到19世纪在古龙地区发展出的一个香水品类,现在这个词的意思是有3%~5%的香油,被浓度70%的酒精稀释以后得到的混合物。

EAU DE PARFUM(浓香水)

是"水"中浓度最高的一种,通常是15%~18%的香油,被浓度80%~90%的酒精所稀释。

EAU DE TOILETTE(淡香水)

也被称为化妆水,原来是在水中得到的香味剂,现在的标准状况是有4%~8%的香油含量。

EAU FRAICHE (清凉水 )

和古龙水一样是极淡的香水,不过酒精的含量比古龙水要高。

EXTRACTION(萃取法)

也叫浸提法,是用溶媒提炼香油(或浸膏)的一种方法。

EXTRAIT(花净油)

在柜台上出售的最纯粹的香水。也叫提纯香或香精。一般含有15%~30%的香油,酒精的浓度也相当高。香油的比例低于它的香氛都叫"某某水"。

FACTICE(油膏)

用来展示和做广告的很大的香水样品。

FAN STOPPER(扇形瓶盖)

略呈扇形的香水瓶盖,可能比香水瓶本身的体积还要大。

FIXATIVE(固香剂)

也叫固定剂。是香水中的一种成分,可以让香水的香味持久,也可以让香水中其它的成分留存得比较久。通常这种成分都是胶体、树胶和香脂(比如没药、白松香等)

FLORAL PERFUME(花香香水)

以花香调占主导地位的香水。

FLORIENTAL(花香东方调)

以花香与东方香调占主导地位的香水。

FOUGERE(馥奇)

一种以苔藓和蕨类的味道为主导的新鲜的香味,多数用在男式香水里面。也是香水主要的类别之一。

FRAGRANCE BLOTTER(香水试条)

也叫闻香纸或者试香物。纸条上吸香味,可供香水师等人实验香味。

GOURMAND NOTE(食品香味)

也叫食用香味。香水里面包含某种食物的味道,比如水果味和巧克力味道。

GREEN NOTE(绿叶调)

青草和绿色植物的气息,散发在香水里面。绿叶调的香水是香水的主要类别之一。

HAIR POWDER(发粉)

一种带香味的粉末,用在17到18世纪的人们清理假发的时候。

HESPERIDIC(柑橘香)

从柑橘类的果子中得到的香味。

INCENSE(焚香)

用燃烧芳香物质的方法来得到香味,常用在宗教礼仪的场合。古代的乳香就是主要的用品,所以现代的焚香和乳香在某种程度上是同义词。

INFUSION(浸提)

亦称萃取,见萃取法(EXTRACTION)词条。

LIGHT NOTES(清香调)

清新、花香味、柑橘味、果味或者含有绿叶香而没有甜香盒气味浓烈的动物性香味。

LINEAR FRAGRANCE(线性香水)

一种香水的调性分类。二十世纪八十年代问世,这种调性是所有的香水都同时挥发出香气而没有先后次序。

MOSSY NOTE (苔藓调)

从苔藓和地衣中间提取的香气。

NEROLI(橙花油)

从苦橘树的花朵中蒸馏出的精华油。

ORIENTAL(东方调)

也叫琥珀调,在香水工业中这是象征着东方色彩的成分。气息浓烈。东方调的香水在香水种类中占相当重要的位置。

POMADE(润发脂)

用在头上的芳香剂。也是用有或者脂肪糅合了精华油支撑的香料。它是一小球固体的芳香物质,装在修饰考究的容器里面,在古代用做放松神经和预防病毒。以前曾包含龙涎香的成分。所以英文名的原意是琥珀球的意思。

POTPOURRI(混合香料)

顾名思义是一些香料的混合体,多数是干燥处理过的,包括玫瑰花瓣等材料,放在罐子和碗里面使房间气息芬芳。

RESINOID(香树脂)

一种用苯和酒精清洗过的树脂。

SACHET(香袋)

装着干花香料的小袋子,多数是放在衣服里面使其气味芳香的。现在这个名字也用来形容那种塑料的袋子,或者装液体的容器。

SILLAGE(这是法语,念成西雅,意思是痕迹)

是一种无形的痕迹,一个撒了香水的人走而留下的淡淡的气息。

SINGLE NOTE (单一香型)

一种特定的花或者植物的香味在这种香型里面得到强调。

STREWING HERB(弥漫香)

中古的时候用香料植物从房间的地板上拖过,从而使整个房间香气弥漫。

SWEET NOTE(甜香调)

香水业中的一种甜蜜蜜的气息,比如香子兰的香气。

SYNTHETIC FRAGRANCE(合成香氛)

实验室里对天然的香料的模仿,或者在自然界中不存在的实验室里制造出来的香味。许多的合成香氛都可以替换天然的材料。比如香叶醇,就代替了玫瑰的香味,但是要便宜得多,并且可以大量得到。在香水师那里,现在有数千种不同的合成香料可以备用。

TIGELLA(引管)

通常用玻璃等材料制作,探到香水瓶的盖子下面吸取香水。

TOILET WATER(化妆水)

参见淡香水(EAU DE TOILETTE)词条。

UNGUENT(软膏)

一种浓稠的香味剂,常用于将植物香料浸透进动物的脂肪里面去。是古代的一种方法。

VINAIGRTTE(香醋嗅瓶)

一个小小的瓶子,盖子被刺穿,里面是木头或者海面的物质浸透了香醋,做为嗅瓶使用。香醋嗅瓶在17和18世纪的时候常用,常用银子等贵重的材料制成,并且装饰华丽。

WASHBALL(浴球)

气味芳香的或者是有治疗作用的球状香皂,17和18世纪的时候常用来洗手洗脸。

香脂(Balsam) 香脂是能散发出香味的树和灌木的树脂,也叫香胶。在现代香水业中,常用的有秘鲁香脂、妥卢香脂胶、苦配巴香脂,还有安息香料等。它们的形状为**至苍棕色稍带粘稠的液体或结晶体,所散发出来的香味都有点香草香精的味道。

香柠檬油(Bergamot) 产于意大利,是从香柠檬树的果皮中提炼的橘子味的香油,愉快、凉爽、芳香的香气,青香带甜的果香,有清灵新鲜之感,33%的女用香水用到了这种原料。

苦柑橘(Bitter orange) 这种香油是压榨果皮得到的,苦柑橘树也叫毕加莱特橘树。这种橘树可以提炼出橙花油、橘花油和果芽油。从苦柑橘树的花朵以蒸馏方法提取,其香味混合了辛香和甜蜜的果香。大约12%的现代香水用到它。

乳香(Frankincense) 是从阿拉伯南部和索马里地区生长的一种小树上得到的胶状物。从古代开始就是相当重要的香料,至今还在运用。它大约出现在13%的现代香水中。

波斯树脂(Galbanum) 一种胶状香料,是从生长于伊朗的茴香类植物中提取的。它的气味是温暖、脂般的辛香,混合了绿叶和麝香的味道。

茉莉(Jasmine) 是在香水业中地位仅次于玫瑰的重要植物。香气细致而透发,有清新之感,为鲜韵花香,现代香水中的80%的都要用到它。其品种很多,西班牙茉莉也叫皇家茉莉,是16世纪以来欧洲最常用的品种。一英亩(约04公顷)土地的茉莉可产500磅(约045公斤)茉莉花,但绝对产量很低(大约01%),因为茉莉花必须在清晨还被朝露覆盖时采摘,如果被阳光照到,就回失去一些香味,所以茉莉也是最昂贵的香水原料之一。

劳丹脂(Labdanum) 劳丹脂也叫半日花脂,来源于中东一种岩蔷薇属的植物叶子。在香水业中地位重要,强烈的膏香,稀释后与龙涎香很相似,而且香味持久,很有价值。在现代香水中可以占到33%的比例。

熏衣草(Lavender) 最常见的香料之一。其花朵提供一种鲜嫩的绿色、清爽花香。法国曾有一段时期每年出产5000吨熏衣草。在英国,现在只有东部的诺福克郡(Norfolk)出产这种香水原料,一公顷熏衣草大约可以出产15磅香油。

柠檬油(Lemon) 柠檬油不仅用在香水里面,也用在调味品里面,具有浓郁的柠檬鲜果皮香气,香气飘逸但不甚留长。约1000个柠檬可以提炼出1磅柠檬油。油是从果皮里面压榨出来的,亦可水蒸气蒸馏而得。它被用在很多品质优良的香水里,多数是为了使香水的前调更具有清新感。

幽谷百合(Lily of the Valley) 早期的百合花香只有把花朵和蜜油调和在一起才能得到,现在也只能通过提纯而得到凝结物,却不能制成精华油。于是人们用化学合成方法获得了有史以来最雅致的百合花香味,该化合物被称为铃兰(Muguet)。因其具有雅致的百合花香味而成为幽谷百合的替代品。大约14%的现代优质香水或多或少用到它。

没药(Myrrh) 从没药树上收集的胶状物质,产于阿拉伯、索马里和埃塞俄比亚等地,很早以前它的重要地位就不只体现在香水上,它还有药用和防腐的功效。其香味颇似凤仙花,而且留香持久。没药油为淡棕色或淡绿色液体,在现代的香水中用到它的比例大约是7%。

奈若利橙花油(Neroli) 从苦柑橘树的花朵以蒸馏方式提取, 奈若利(Neroli)这个名字来源于一位16世纪的意大利王子。见苦柑橘(Bitter orange)词条。

橡树苔(Oak moss) 从橡树、云杉和其它生长在欧洲和北非山区的树木上采取。长期储藏会增加其香味,香味有泥土、木材和麝香的混合气息,持久性好。约占当今的香料的三分之一。同类型的还有树藓。

香鸢尾花油(Orris) 室温下为浅黄至棕**固体,香气平和留长,是蜜甜香中的隽品,散发着紫罗兰般的香味,由储藏了两年的鸢尾花的根茎经过提炼而成的。其独特之处是可以使别的香味得到特别的强化。在不少一流的香水中都能找到它。

广藿香(Patchouli) 来自远东的薄荷味香料,是植物香料中香味最强烈的一种,通常用于东方调香水中。其香气浓而持久,是很好的定香剂。在蒸馏之前,原料要先经过干燥和发酵过程。因为带樟脑样的香味非常浓烈,所以香料每次的用量要有严格控制。香油中独特的辛香和松香会随时间推移而变得更加明显,这是已知植物香料中持久性最好的。它第一次引起欧洲人的注意是在19世纪,那时印度商人带来的披巾上散发出这种香味,并很快成为时髦的香型。现在有三分之一的高级香水会用到它。

玫瑰(Rose) 是一种宝贵的香料,属于香水业中最重要的植物。被希腊女诗人莎孚(Sappho)称为"花后"。其品种很多,最早的品种是洋蔷薇,或者叫画师玫瑰,也就是通常所说的五月玫瑰,原来是法国香水的专用玫瑰。保加利亚的喀山拉克(Kazanlak)地区出产大量的大马士革玫瑰。还有一些品种在埃及、摩洛哥和其它地方被培育出来。现在已经可以明确的有17种不同的玫瑰香味,通常情况下,总含有蜜甜香的甜韵香气,三甜合一,芬芳四溢,属花油之冠。提炼1磅的玫瑰香油或玫瑰香精需要1000磅的玫瑰花,纯香精的比例更是少而又少,只有003%而已。至少有75%的优质香水用得到玫瑰香油。

檀香(Sandalwood) 檀香油主要从产于印度和印度尼西亚的檀香木屑和枝条中间提取,为**略带粘稠的液体,东方型香气,以迈索尔(Mysore)地区出产的最好,亦有产自澳大利亚的檀香油。这种树是寄生的,根吸附在别的树上。檀香油是制作香水最值钱和最珍贵的原料,它的留香非常持久,在优质的香水里面大约有一半会用这种原料作为基础的香味。

零陵香豆(Tonka) 从安哥斯图拉苦味树皮和巴拉圭豆中提取,产于南美洲。当树皮和豆被香豆素的晶体覆盖以后,就可以用朗姆酒进行处理,它散发的气味很像刚刚割下来的青草。用零陵香豆制成的纯香精用在10%的优质香水里。

树藓(Tree Moss) 在美国树藓和橡树苔是一种东西。而在欧洲的香水业中树藓特指一种云杉的藓衣,提炼物的香味很像某种焦油。常用在馥奇香型的香水中,并且有良好的固香作用。

晚香玉(Tuberose) 俗称夜来香,它的香味被形容成晚间香花满园的芬芳气息,香气幽雅,这种花提炼出来的香油在20%的优质香水中可以找到,特别是清幽类型香水。纯香精的产量很低,每2600磅这种花朵只能产出7盎司(约2835克)的香精,所以它比同等重量的黄金还贵。

香子兰(Vanilla) 香子兰油是从香子兰花蔓上的果荚里提炼出来的。原产于墨西哥和美洲的热带地区,提取前要经过发酵。气味甜蜜辛香,自被考迪(Coty)用于"吸引"(L'AIMANT)之后,其在香水业中的运用越来越普遍,目前大约四分之一的香水用到它。

香根(Vetiver) 是从亚洲的一种热带草本植物库斯库斯(Khuskhus)的根茎中蒸馏得来的香油,为棕色至红棕色粘稠液体,有着泥土的芳香气息并且隐约有鸢尾草和紫罗兰的香甜。香气平和而持久,不仅可作为定香剂,还赋予干甜的木香。香根油出现在36%的优质香水中。

紫罗兰(Violet) 在香水中用到的紫罗兰有两个品种:维多利亚(Victoria)紫罗兰和帕玛(Parma)紫罗兰,前者质量较好,后者则更易生长。香油是从花瓣和叶子中提取的,但是因为成本比较高,现在大多数的紫罗兰香味是化学合成的。

香油树(Ylang-ylang) 在优质香水中有40%用了香油树的香油。特别地适用于茉莉、白兰、晚香玉、铃兰、紫罗兰等花香型香精,在香水香精中用它协调整个香气。这种从树叶中提取的香油来自东南亚,香气类似于大花茉莉,但更粗强而留长。开花2周以后,茉莉般的馨香才弥漫开来,这时就要立即将香味采集下来,所以蒸馏往往是在现场进行的。一棵树一年大约开22磅重的鲜花,而两磅重的香油差不多要用掉900磅的花朵。

金合欢(Acacia farnesiana (L) Willd)属豆科。主要分布于福建、台湾、广东、广西、云南一带,其中,福建漳州地区最多。取香部位为鲜花。

树兰(Aglaia odorata Lour)又名米仔兰,属楝科植物。主要分布在福建、广东一带,品种以福建生长的为好。取香部位为花与叶。

当归(Angelica sinensis (Oliv) Diels)属伞形科。主要分布在陕西、湖北、四川、云南、湖南等省份。取香部位为根和种籽。

芹菜籽(Apium graveolens L)属伞形科。广泛种植于我国南北各地。取香部位为种籽。

欧洲白桦(Betula pendula Roth) 属桦木科。主要分布在东北、西北和华北一带,取香部位为树皮和树干。

依兰(Cananga odorata HookfetThomsforma genuina) 又名依兰香,属番荔枝科、卡南加属植物。60年代初期,我国分别从印度尼西亚、斯里兰卡、老挝引入依兰香品种。取香部位为依兰依兰鲜花。

芳樟(Cinnamomum camphora var linaolifera Fujita) 属樟科植物。广泛分布于福建、台湾、浙江、江西、湖南、广西、贵州等省。取香部位为根、树干和叶。

肉桂(Cinnamomum cassia Blume)属樟科植物。主要分布于广东、广西一带。取香部位为树皮和枝叶。

黄樟(Cinnamomum micranthum Hayata)属樟科植物。分布于江西、广东、广西、四川、贵州、福建一带。取香部位为根、枝和心木部分。

岩蔷薇(Cistus ladaniferus L)又名赖百当,属半日花科。现栽培于江苏和浙江一带。取香部位为嫩枝和叶。

桔(Citrus aeliciosa)属芸香科。广泛分布于浙江、福建、湖南、四川、广东、广西、云南等省。取香部位主要为果实,桔叶也可利用。

玳玳(Citrus aurantium L var amara Engl) 属芸香科。主要栽培在浙江、江苏、福建和四川等地。取香部位为叶、花、果。

柠檬(Citrus limon (L) Burmf)属芸香科。主要分布于四川、广东、广西、云南一带,以四川栽培的尤力克(ureka)品种为最好。取香部位为果实和叶。

甜橙(Citrus sinensis L Osbeck)属芸香科。主要产于广东、四川、福建、浙江、湖南等省。主要取香部位为果实的果皮,有时,叶和花也可利用。

柏木(Cupressus funebris Endl)属柏科。广泛分布于贵州、浙江、江西、福建、台湾、湖南、湖北和四川等省。取香部位为主干心木。

爪哇香茅(Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) 属禾本科。主要分布于海南和广东省的雷州半岛和广西南部与云南省。取香部位为地上部分的全草。

柠檬桉(Eucalyptus citriodora WJHooker)属桃金娘科。主要分布于广东、广西、四川、云南、湖南等省。取香部位为叶。

树苔(Evernia furfuracea LMann) 又名橡苔(Evernia prunastri (L) Ach)属松萝科植物。主要分布于云南地区,是生长于树上的苔藓植物。

栀子(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis)属茜草科。分布于浙江、江苏、四川和广东一带。取香部位为鲜花。

八角茴香(Illicium verum Hookf)属木兰科。主要分布于广西、广东、贵州、云南等省。取香部位为干果。

鸢尾 有三种:佛罗伦萨鸢尾(Iris florentine Dykes)、香根鸢尾(Iris pallida Lam)、德国鸢尾(Iris germenica L),均属鸢尾科。主要分布于浙江、云南一带。取香部位为根部。

大花茉莉(Jasminum grandiflorum L)属木犀科茉莉属。原产于法国南部、意大利、摩洛哥和埃及等国。我国于1957年引种,现栽培于广东和福建一带。取香部位为鲜花。

茉莉(Jasminum sambac (L) Ait)属木犀科茉莉属。广泛栽培于广东、广西、云南、福建、浙江、江苏等省。取香部位为鲜花。

熏衣草(Lavandula angustifolia Mill)属唇形科。50年代由国外引种,现主要栽培于新疆地区,西安和河南亦有少量栽培。取香部位为花序。

山苍籽(Litsea cubeba (Lour) Pers (Lcitrata Bl)) 属樟科植物。广泛分布于湖南、广西、广东、福建、浙江、江西、四川、云南、贵州、台湾等省。取香部位主要为种籽。

灵香草(Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance)属报春花科。主要分布于广西、云南、贵州、四川、湖北等省。取香部位为叶。

薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx Briq)又名亚洲薄荷,属唇形科。主要产于江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、四川等地。取香部位为植株上部的茎、叶、花。

留兰香(Mentha spicata L) 又名绿薄荷,属唇形科。主要产于江西、浙江、四川。取香部位为植株上部的茎、叶、花。

白兰花(Michelia alba DC)又名白玉兰,属木兰科。广泛栽培于广东、福建、广西、四川、台湾等地,浙江、苏州亦有盆栽。取香部位为鲜花、叶。

黄兰(Michelia champaca L)属木兰科。主要种植于广东、福建一带。取香部位为鲜花和叶。

丁香罗勒(Ocimum gratissimum L,varsuave (Willd) Hookf)属唇形科。主要分布于广西、广东和福建等地。取香部位为花序、叶和嫩茎。

桂花(Osmanthus fragrants Lour)属木犀科,品种有丹桂、金桂、银桂、四季桂等。主要分布在广西、贵州、湖南、浙江、安徽、江苏和湖北一带。取香部位为鲜花,香气质量以金桂、银桂为佳,丹桂次之。

香叶天竺葵(Pelargonium graveolens LHer)又名香叶,属 牛儿苗科。主要分布于云南和四川省。取香部位为植株上部的茎叶和花序。

胡椒(Piper nigrum L)属胡椒科。成熟的胡椒果实称为黑胡椒。大量栽培于广东南部和海南省。取香提油的原料为未去皮的黑胡椒。

广藿香(Pogostemon cablin Benth)属唇形科植物。主要产于广东和海南一带。取香部位为全草(根部除外)。

墨红(Rosa chinensis Jacq "Crimson Glory"HT)属蔷薇科。主要分布于浙江、江苏一带,为杂交香水月季类的一个品种。取香部位为鲜花。

重瓣玫瑰(Rosa rugosa var plena Rehd)属蔷薇科。主要分布于山东、江苏、河北、甘肃、辽宁、云南、广东等省。取香部位为鲜花。

檀香(Santalum album L)属檀香科是半寄生植物,原产于东印度、西印度和澳大利亚,我国于60年代引入后,现主要栽培于广东省。取香部位为树干(心木)。

香榧(Torreya grandis Fort)又名香榧子,属红豆衫科。主要分布于江浙一带。取香部位为果实。

香荚兰(Vanilla planifolia Andr)属兰科植物。引种自国外,现主要栽培于云南省西双版纳和海南省。取香部位为香荚兰的荚果。

岩兰草(Vetiveria zizanioides (L) Nash)又名香根草,属禾本科。原产于印度、爪哇、海地、留尼汪岛,我国在50年代末期引入海南,现广泛栽培于广东、福建和浙江一带。取香部位为根部。

龙涎香(Ambergris):为抹香鲸吃了墨鱼以后的排泄物,一团团地漂浮在热带的海面和浪潮冲刷过的海滩,形状和大小不一。使用前最少要晾吹3年。

麝香(Musk):是从雄性喜马拉雅麝鹿身上提取的颗粒状晶体,囊体约有胡桃大小,提取过程毋需杀害麝鹿。在所有香料品种中,香味最浓烈,针尖大的一点可在相当大的范围内持续飘香几周,若在手帕上滴一滴可以留香几十年。

灵猫香(Civet):从香猫的香腺体中提取,看起来有点像黄油,埃塞俄比亚、缅甸和泰国都出产这种香猫。

海狸香(Castoreum):是从海狸的液囊里面提取的一种红棕色的奶油状分泌物。从公元9世纪起就有人用,最早的使用者是阿拉伯人。

问题一:香水用英文怎么说 perfume

问题二:香水翻译成英文怎么说 香水

[词典] perfume; fragrance; cologne; toilet water; [**] Perfume;

[例句]妈妈在手帕上洒香水,使手帕闻起来很舒服。

Mother puts perfume on her handkerchief to make it ell pleasant

问题三:喷香水 英文怎么说 中文意思直译就是spray perfume

但英文表达地道是wear perfume

问题四:香水英文怎么读 perfume

[英][p:fju:m][美][pfjum, pfjum]

n香水; 香料; 香味,香气;

vt使……充满香气; 喷香水于……;

fragrance

[英][freirns][美][frerns]

n芳香,芬芳; 浓馥,香气; 香水,常用于广告语;

cologne

[英][klun][美][klon]

n古龙水; 科隆; 科隆香水; 花露水;

toilet water [**]Perfume

花露水[**]香水

问题五:香水的英语单词? 香水的英文单词是:perfume

基本释义

perfume英 ['pfjum] 美 [p'fjum]

n 香水;香味

vt 洒香水于…;使…带香味

vi 散发香气

[ 过去式 perfumed 过去分词 perfumed 现在分词 perfuming ]

其他释义、习语

perfume [p'fju:m]

vt

1、[常用被动语态]使充满香气;使散发香味:

The air is perfumed with the rose flowers

空气中充满着玫瑰香味。

2、把…弄香;撒香水于:

Those lotuses perfume the whole park

荷花使整个公园变得很香。

3、使形成气氛;使充满气息

vi

散发香气

n

/'p:fju:m/

香味;芳香

香料;香水(尤指从花中提取的挥发性油类)

(独特的、令人愉快的)气息;气氛

美名;名声

近义词:

scent

短语:

a perfumed talk [美国英语]坏话;骂人话

变形:

vt perfumed perfuming

短语词组

perfume bottle 香水瓶

例句

1、Who's wearing that spicy perfume

是谁身上有那么浓的香味

2、Those lotuses perfume the whole park

荷花使整个公园变得很香。

3、He sashayed to the gate of the shop after stealing two bottles of perfume in his pockets

他把两瓶香水放进口袋里之后,大摇大摆地向商店门口走去。

问题六:香水英语怎么说怎么读谁会读书会说,香水英语。 准确说是法语。

男香是POUR HOMME,

女香是POUR FEMME。

问题七:你的香水味是什么牌子的很好闻,用英文怎么说 Your perfume ells good is what brand

问题八:你身上是不是喷了香水啊英语怎么说 Have you sprayed perfume

或者Did you spray perfume around yourself

问题九:香水英文怎么写 perfume

1求有关香水的知识介绍

Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma pounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, animals, objects, and living spaces a pleasant ellThe word perfume used today derives from the Latin "per fumum", meaning through oke Perfumery, or the art of making perfumes, began in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt and was further refined by the Romans and Persians Although perfume and perfumery also existed in India, much of its fragrances are incense based The earliest distillation of Attar was mentioned in the Hindu Ayurvedic text Charaka Samhita The Harshacharita, written in 7th century AD in Northern India mentions use of fragrant agarwood oilThe world's first recorded chemist is considered to be a woman named Tapputi, a perfume maker who was mentioned in a cuneiform tablet from the second millennium BC in Mesopotamia[1] She distilled flowers, oil, and calamus with other aromatics then filtered and put them back in the still several times[2] Recently, archaeologists have uncovered what are believed to be the world's oldest perfumes in Pyrgos, Cyprus The perfumes date back more than 4,000 years The perfumes were discovered in an ancient perfumery At least 60 stills, mixing bowls, funnels and perfume bottles were found in the 43,000-square-foot (4,000 m2) factory[3] In ancient times people used herbs and spices, like almond, coriander, myrtle, conifer resin, bergamot, as well as flowers[4] The Arabian chemist, Al-Kindi (Alkindus), wrote in the 9th century a book on perfumes which he named Book of the Chemistry of Perfume and Distillations It contained more than a hundred recipes for fragrant oils, salves, aromatic waters and substitutes or imitations of costly drugs The book also described 107 methods and recipes for perfume-making, and even the perfume making equipment, like the alembic, still bears its Arabic name[5]The Persian Muslim doctor and chemist Avicenna (also known as Ibn Sina) introduced the process of extracting oils from flowers by means of distillation, the procedure most monly used today He first experimented with the rose Until his discovery, liquid perfumes were mixtures of oil and crushed herbs or petals, which made a strong blend Rose water was more delicate, and immediately became popular Both of the raw ingredients and distillation technology significantly influenced western perfumery and scientific developments, particularly chemistryKnowledge of perfumery came to Europe as early as the 14th century due partially to the spread of Islam But it was the Hungarians who ultimately introduced the first modern perfume Made of scented oils blended in an alcohol solution, the first modern perfume was made in 1370 at the mand of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary and was known throughout Europe as Hungary Water The art of perfumery prospered in Renaissance Italy, and in the 16th century, Italian refinements were taken to France by Catherine de' Medici's personal perfumer, Rene le Florentin His laboratory was connected with her apartments by a secret passageway, so that no formulas could be stolen en route France quickly became the European center of perfume and co etic manufacture Cultivation of flowers for their perfume essence, which had begun in the 14th century, grew into a major industry in the south of France During the Renaissance period, perfumes were used primarily by the wealthy to mask body odors resulting from infrequent bathing Partly due to this patronage, the western perfumery industry was created By the 18th century, aromatic plants were being grown in the Grasse region of France to provide the growing perfume industry with raw materials Even today, France remains the centre of the European perfume design and trade。

2世界十大香水详细介绍(用英文)

品牌名称: 伊夫·圣·洛朗(yves saint laurent) 品牌档案: (1)类型:高级时装 (2)创始人:yves saint laurent 伊夫·圣·洛朗 (3)品类:高级时装、香水系列、首饰、鞋帽、化妆品、香烟等。

创始人yves saint laurent 伊夫·圣·洛朗1936年生于阿尔及利亚,21岁时任全球最有声望的迪奥时装公司的首席设计师品牌名称: 范思哲(versace) 品牌档案: (1)类型:高级时装、高级成衣 (2)创始人:詹尼·韦尔萨切(gianni versace) (3)注册地:意大利米兰(1978年) (4)地址:意大利米兰via ges 12 milanoitalia (5)设计师:贾尼˙范思哲,当娜泰拉·范思哲 品牌名称: 古孜 (gucci) 品牌档案: (1)类型:高级成衣 (2)创始人:古奇欧·古孜(gucciogucci) (3)注册地:意大利佛罗伦萨(1923年) (4)设计师: 1923年-1989年,古奇欧·古孜 1989年-1992年,richardmbertson(理查德·兰伯森),时装设计兼创意指导 1990年-1991年,dawnmello(唐·梅洛),美国籍设计师 1994年,tomford(汤姆·福特) (5)品牌线:gucci古孜 (爱马仕(hermes) prada 的包包 又一个意大利经典 芬迪(fendi) yves saint laurent伊夫·圣·洛朗 马球ralph lauren valentino瓦伦蒂诺 切瑞蒂(cerruti) 贝纳通(beton) anna sui(安那·苏) sonia rykiel索尼亚·里基尔 Dolce & Gabbana (D&G)又是一个意大利的经典品牌 guess miu miu 很受欢迎的意大利品牌。! 以"老鹰"为标志的emporio armani男女装是giorgio armani的二线品牌 唐纳·卡兰(donnakaran) LV 意大利有个很经典很经典的牌子叫Pollini也是 皮具业的经典 柏帛丽(burberry)。

3帮忙写一段英语小短文

香水最早起源于埃及、印度、罗马、希腊、波斯等文明古国十一世纪的十字军东征,给欧洲带来了灿烂的东方文化,香水这种悦人悦已的奢侈品,也在那时逐渐为欧洲人所接受和喜爱Perfume derives initially from countries with an ancient civilization such as Egypt ,India ,Rome ,Greece and PersiaEastward Expedition of the Crusades has brought splendid oriental culture for Europe in the 11th centuries ,and perfume,the delighting article of luxury,were increasingly accepted and been fond of by European 但是直到十六世纪以前,法国的香水工艺还很落后,香水的使用远未形成风气,那时候的法国人甚至拒绝洗澡,一般人家里没有浴室设备The French perfume handicraft falls behind very much until the 16th centuryPerfume sigmati has not formedAnd what's more,French refused to take a bath at that time ,even average homes did not have bath equipment at all1533年,教皇的侄女凯萨琳下嫁法王亨利二世,她带来了丰富瑰丽的意大利文化和生活方式,也成为了法国香水文化的始作俑者她的专职香水师还在巴黎开了第一家香水公司,此店的遗址还能在巴黎找得到In 1533,when Pope's niece married to the king of France,HenryⅡ,she brought rich magnificent Italian culture and life-style,and became the creator of France perfume cultureHer perfumer ran the first perfume pany in Paris ,which can be found in Paris now,leaving only ruins而后来的一位国王亨利四世却对香水不以为然,百姓都讥笑他是臭王路易十三也是个臭王,他的王后对他的臭味忍无可忍,但直到临死前才告诉她的侍女,于是侍女们信誓旦旦向她保证,在她死后,一定用干净的亚麻布、香水和她收集的340副有香味的手套给她陪葬The next king,Henry Ⅳ was not interested in perfume and people all sneered at him as a elly kingThe Louis ⅩⅢ was also a elly king ,and his queen could not stand his ellHowever,she did not tell her maids until dead,so her maids promised to her with an oath that it's absoulutely done to prepair clean linen,perfume and 340 pairs of the glove she collected as buring stuff路易十四一点都不像他的祖先,他对于臭味极其敏感,他命令宫廷香水师必须每天调制出一种他所喜欢的香水,否则就有上断头台的危险故后世对他有“香皇”之称到了路易十六,更是动用倾国之力将意大利的香水及香皂工业高手挖过来,从此奠定了法国香水工业的基础Unlike his ancestors,Louis ⅩⅣ was a ell shaperHe ordered that perfumers in the palace must modulated ont kind of perfume he liked in each day,or they are threatened to be cut the headSo he was called "the incense emperor " in the later agesIn Louis ⅩⅥ,overwhelming power was used to hire proficient from。

4求:关于香水的英文文字

History of PerfumePerfume is thousands of years old - the word "perfume" es from the Latin per fume "through oke" One of the oldest uses of perfumes es form the burning of incense and aromatic herbs used in religious services, often the aromatic gums, frankincense and myrrh, gathered from trees The Egyptians were the first to incorporate perfume into their culture followed by the ancient Chinese, Hindus, Israelites, Carthaginians, Arabs, Greeks, and Romans The earliest use of perfume bottles is Egyptian and dates to around 1000 BC The Egyptians invented glass and perfume bottles were one of the first mon uses for glass Perfume was first used by the Egyptians as part of their religious rituals The two principal methods of use at this time was the burning of incense and the application of balms and ointments Perfumed oils were applied to the skin for eitherco etic or medicinal purposes During the Old and Middle Kingdoms, perfumes were reserved exclusively for religious rituals such as cleansing ceremonies Then during the New Kingdom (1580-1085 BC) they were used during festivals and Egyptian women also used perfumed creams and oils as toiletries ar co etics and as preludes to love-making The use of perfume then spread to Greece, Rome, and the Islamic world And it was the Islamic munity that kept the use of perfumes since the spread of Christianity led to a decline in the use of perfume With the fall of the Roman Empire, perfume's influence dwindled It was not until the twelfth century and the development of international trade that this decline was reversed Perfume enjoyed huge success during the seventeenth century Perfumed gloves became popular in France and in 1656, the guild of glove and perfume-makers was established The use of perfume in France grew steadily The court of Louis XV was even named "the perfumed court" due to the scents which were applied daily not only to the skin but also to clothing, fans and furniture The eighteenth century saw a revolutionary advance in perfumery with the invention of eau de Cologne This refreshing blend of rosemary, neroli, bergamot and lemon was used in a multitude of different ways: diluted in bath water, mixed with wine, eaten on a sugar lump, as a mouthwash, an enema or an ingredient for a poultice, injected directly。

and so on The variety of eighteenth-century perfume containers was as wide as that of the fragrances and their uses Sponges soaked in scented vinaigres de toilette were kept in gilded metal vinaigrettes Liquid perfumes came in beautiful Louis XIV-style pear-shaped bottles Glass became increasingly popular, particularly in France with the opening of the Baccarat factory in 1765As with industry and the arts, perfume was to undergo profound change in the nieenth century Changing tastes and the development of modern chemistry laid the foundations of perfumery as we know it today Alchemy gave way to chemistry and new fragrances were created The French Revolution had in no way diminished the taste for perfume, there was even a fragrance called "Parfum a la Guillotine" Under the post-revolutionary government, people once again dared to express a penchant for luxury goods, including perfume A profusion of vanity boxes containing perfumes appeared in the 19th century This picture shows a woman at her dressing tableDue to its ja ine, rose and orange-growing trades, the town of Grasse in Provence established itself as the largest production center for raw materials The statutes of the perfume-makers of Grasse were passed in 1724 Paris became the mercial counterpart to Grasse and the world center of perfume Perfume houses such as Houbigant (produces Quelques Fleurs, still very popular today), Lubin, Roger & Gallet, and Guerlain were all based in Paris。

5求一篇介绍法国香水与服饰的英文文章最好附上翻译

The French have a long tradition and skills in the art of making perfumesThe great names in fashion have assisted i exporting some of the most important names in perfume thoughout the worldThe birth place for French perfumes is in the Provence region and is called OccitaneThe abundance of herbs,lavander and many other wild flowers on the rocky landscape,plus hundreds of years of experience in distilling mixtures and creating scentsFashion has been an important industry and cultural export of France since the seventeenth century,and modern "haute couture" originated in Paris in the 1860sToday,Paris,along with Tokyo,London,Milan,and New York City,is considered one of the world's fashion capitals,and the city is home or headquarters to many of the premier fashion housesHistorically,many of the world's top designers and fashion houses have been French,including Coco Chanel,Christian Dior,Louis Vuitton,Lanvin,Chloé,Hermès,Guy Laroche,Yves Saint Laurent and shoe designer Christian LouboutinThe Paris fashion houses also attract many foreign designers。

6求一篇介绍法国香水与服饰的英文文章

The French have a long tradition and skills in the art of making perfumes The great names in fashion have assisted i exporting some of the most important names in perfume thoughout the worldThe birth place for French perfumes is in the Provence region and is called Occitane The abundance of herbs, lavander and many other wild flowers on the rocky landscape, plus hundreds of years of experience in distilling mixtures and creating scentsFashion has been an important industry and cultural export of France since the seventeenth century, and modern "haute couture" originated in Paris in the 1860s Today, Paris, along with Tokyo, London, Milan, and New York City, is considered one of the world's fashion capitals, and the city is home or headquarters to many of the premier fashion houses Historically, many of the world's top designers and fashion houses have been French, including Coco Chanel, Christian Dior, Louis Vuitton, Lanvin, Chloé, Hermès, Guy Laroche, Yves Saint Laurent and shoe designer Christian Louboutin The Paris fashion houses also attract many foreign designers。

7chanelno5香水英文介绍最好有中文翻译

Chanel No5[1] was the first fragrance from Parisian couturier Gabrielle "Coco" Chanel,and has been on sale continuously since its introduction in 1921It has been described as "the world's most legendary fragrance",and remains the pany's most famous perfume[2] The pany estimates that a bottle is sold worldwide every 55 seconds[3]HistoryAccording to one story of the creation of Chanel No5,Coco Chanel missioned the renowned perfumer Ernest Beaux to make six perfumes for her choosingThey were labeled No1,No2,etcthrough No6(Breaux himself,qv,relates a slightly different version of the story)It was bottle No5 that was to Chanel's liking and became the chosen formulaThe number "5" was also her lucky number[citation needed]At the time of its inception,the most expensive perfume oil was ja ine due to the expensive distilling processChanel wanted to create the most costly perfume in the world,and as such No5 relies heavily on ja ineDespite wanting to do this herself,when Jean Patou introduced Joy,which actually was the costliest perfume in the world,Chanel was actually very scornful,saying "Joy was for women who wanted to put their petty morals on display [by wearing the world's costliest perfume]"[citation needed]Chanel introduced it first to some of her friends on May 5,1921Initially,it was given to preferred clients for free at her boutiqueThe fitting rooms in her boutique were also scented with No5This strategy is imitated today by retailersIn 1924,Pierre Wertheimer partnered Coco Chanel in her perfume businessHe owned 70%,Coco owned 10%,and her friend Bader owned 20%Chanel agreed to owning such a all amount in exchange for having plete control over the productToday,the Wertheimer family still runs the perfume businessNo5 was originally available in three strengths:Parfum,Eau de Toilette and Eau de CologneIn the late 1980s Eau de Parfum was introduced and the Eau de Cologne discontinued香奈尔五号是世界上最著名的香水产品之一,也是由香奈尔始创人可可·香奈尔推出的第一款香水可可·香奈尔委任Ernest Beaux开发六款香水配方,并依次命名为一号至六号,而其中第五号配方受到垂青而被推出市场,它是第一种以合成花香醛为主要材料的著名香水配方,在合成工艺尚待成熟前,人们在出门前习惯涂大量香水或经常补充,以维持芬芳的体香可可·香奈尔在1921年5月5日首次向朋友推介这种产品,随后以赠品方式向小服装店和相熟客户推广。

8求英国** 《香水》的英文简介,200词左右的,上英语课演讲用3

您好,

Perfume: The Story of a Murderer is a 1985 literary historical cross-genre novel (originally published in German as Das Parfum) by German writer Patrick Süskind The novel explores the sense of ell

and its relationship with the emotional meaning that scents may carry

Above all it is a story of identity, munication and the morality of

the human spirit

The story focuses on Jean-Baptiste Grenouille,

a perfume apprentice in 18th-century France who, born with no body

scent himself, begins to stalk and murder virgins in search of the

"perfect scent", which he finds in a young woman named Laure, whom his

acute sense of ell finds in a secluded private garden in Grasse

Some editions of Perfume have as their cover image Antoine Watteau's painting Jupiter and Antiope, which depicts a murdered woman

香奈儿COCO可可香水香味有柠檬味、柑橘味、波本香草味、琥珀广藿香味、玫瑰味、茉莉味、鸢尾花香味、西西里柑橘味、海地香根草味。

香水注意事项:

不宜暴露香水要注意不要洒在易被太阳晒到的暴露部位,不然的话香水中从天然植物中提取的挥发油与太阳相照射,日光中的长波紫外线会与皮肤上喷洒的这些化学物质相结合,出现光化学反应,最后出现皮肤炎症和点状黑斑。

不宜直接擦很多香水不宜直接擦在脸上及过敏性皮肤上面,而且酒精含量更多些的它刺激性非常大,所以我们不能直接擦在脸部及易过敏的皮肤、婴儿皮肤上。

扩展资料

香奈儿其他香水

1、十九号香水

N°19香水是以香奈儿女士的生日8月19日为名,沿袭N°5香水以简洁易记的数字命名,所以把香奈儿女士最后一支亲自推荐的香水,命名为N°19。诞生于1970年,专为年轻、自主、思想前卫的都会女子所设计的香水。瓶身设计一如N°5,简单流畅的线条,优雅中不失大方。

2、五号香水

“5”是香奈儿女士的幸运数字,当时巴黎香水界的名鼻ErnestBeaux研制了几款香水样品,香奈儿女士在众多香水样品中,选择了第5支香水。

而Chanel No5香水的发表日,恰好在5月25日,与Chanel第5场的时装发表会同时举行。1953年,Chanel No5成为第一个使用电视打广告的香水。

——香奈儿COCO可可香水

——香奈儿香水

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