钻石的英语单词词类音标

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diamond 英[ˈdaɪəmənd] 美[ˈdaɪəmənd, ˈdaɪmənd]

n 菱形; 钻石，金刚石; 方块;

vt 镶钻石于; 用钻石装饰;

adj 金刚石的; 菱形的; 用钻石装饰的;

[例句]For example, a decision is always a diamond

例如，判定始终使用菱形表示。

The Brief Introduction of Diamond

钻石简介

After pondering the diamond is the diamond, diamond is a natural mineral, is the original stone diamond Simply put, diamonds deep in Earth's high-pressure, high temperature, the formation of a carbon formed by the single crystal quality Although human civilization thousands of years of history, but an initial understanding of the diamond was found and only a few hundred years, and really opened the mysteries of the diamond within a short time even more Prior to this, it's just fabulous with a religious worship and fear of the legend, while it as courage, power, status and dignity of the symbol Today, diamonds are no longer mysterious, but not the only royal to enjoy the treasures It has become the people who have, wearing popular gemstones Diamond's culture has a long history, more people today see it as a symbol of love and loyalty

钻石是指经过琢磨的金刚石，金刚石是一种天然矿物，是钻石的原石。简单地讲，钻石是在地球深部高压、高温条件下形成的一种由碳元素组成的单质晶体。人类文明虽有几千年的历史，但人们发现和初步认识钻石却只有几百年，而真正揭开钻石内部奥秘的时间则更短。在此之前，伴随它的只是神话般具有宗教色彩的崇拜和畏惧的传说，同时把它视为勇敢、权力、地位和尊贵的象征。如今，钻石不再神秘莫测，更不是只有皇室贵族才能享用的珍品。它已成为百姓们都可拥有、佩戴的大众宝石。钻石的文化源远流长，今天人们更多地把它看成是爱情和忠贞的象征。

钻石的英文简写是DO，全称diamond。

钻石因为具有极高的反射率，其反射临界角较小，全反射的范围宽，光容易发生全反射，反射光量大，从而产生很高的亮度。

钻石的闪烁就是闪光，即当金刚石或者光源、 观察者相对移动时其表面对于白光的反射和闪光。无色透明、结晶良好的八面体或者曲面体聚形钻石，即使不加切磨也可展露良好的闪烁光。

钻石（金刚石）还具有非磁性、不良导电性、亲油疏水性和摩擦生电性等。唯Ⅱb型金刚石具良好的半导体性能。根据金刚石的氮杂质含量和热、电、光学性质的差异，可将金刚石分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型两类，并进一步细分为Ⅰa、Ⅰb、Ⅱa、Ⅱb四个亚类。

Ⅰ型金刚石，特别是Ⅰa亚型，为常见的普通金刚石，约占天然金刚石总量的98%。Ⅰ型金刚石均含有一定数量的氮，具有较好的导热性、不良导电性和较好的晶形。

Ⅱ型金刚石极为罕见，含极少或几乎不含氮，具有良好的导热性和曲面晶体的特点。Ⅱb亚型金刚石具半导电性。由于Ⅱ型金刚石的性能优异，因此多用于空间技术和尖端工业。

世界上最大的工业用金刚石和宝石级金刚石都超过3100克拉（1克拉=200毫克）。其中宝石级金刚石的尺寸为10×65×5厘米，名叫“库利南”，1905年发现于南非的普雷米尔岩管。

中国常林钻石，重158786克拉，于1977年被山东临沭县常林大队女社员魏振芳发现，后列为世界名钻。世界金刚石主要产地有南非、澳大利亚、扎伊尔、博茨瓦纳、俄罗斯。

-金刚石

这篇没翻译

Diamond is the hardest known natural material (third-hardest known material after aggregated diamond nanorods and ultrahard fullerite), whose hardness and high dispersion of light make it useful for industrial applications and jewelery

Diamonds are specifically renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities — they make excellent abrasives because they can be scratched only by other diamonds, Borazon, ultrahard fullerite, or aggregated diamond nanorods, which also means they hold a polish extremely well and retain their lustre About 130 million carats (26,000 kg) are mined annually, with a total value of nearly USD $9 billion[citation needed] About 100,000 kg are synthesized annually

The name “diamond” derives from the ancient Greek adamas (αδάμας; “invincible”) They have been treasured as gemstones since their use as religious icons in India at least 2,500 years ago— and usage in drill bits and engraving tools also dates to early human history[citation needed] Popularity of diamonds has risen since the 19th century because of increased supply, improved cutting and polishing techniques, growth in the world economy, and innovative and successful advertising campaigns They are commonly judged by the “four Cs”: carat, clarity, color, and cut

Roughly 49% of diamonds originate from central and southern Africa, although significant sources of the mineral have been discovered in Canada, India, Russia, Brazil, and Australia They are mined from kimberlite and lamproite volcanic pipes, which brought to the surface the diamond crystals from deep in the Earth where the high pressure and temperature enables the formation of the crystals The mining and distribution of natural diamonds are subjects of frequent controversy such as with concerns over the sale of conflict diamonds by African paramilitary groups There are also allegations that the De Beers Group misuses its dominance in the industry to control supply and manipulate price via monopolistic practices, although in recent years the company's market share has dropped to below 50%

In our everyday lives, colors paint our moods and tint our emotions Without color our lives would be bland indeed We would endure a monochrome existence - no powder blue in the sky, no mauve in the sunset, no green in the forest Colored diamonds come in all of those hues and every other color in nature, sometimes combining in the most beguiling ways

Two factors other than size help to determine the value of colored diamonds One is body color in the rough diamond crystal and the other is the quality in the cutting process expressed in the process

Crystalline cocktails devised by nature over tens of millions of years Colors are part mystery, part scientific analysis

Blue diamonds are derived from the element boron, which, over eons, mixes within the carbon base of the diamond Yellow diamonds acquire their vibrant colors from nitrogen Grey, violet and olive diamonds contain hydrogen The pink, brown and purple tinges in some diamonds derive from structural anomalies within the diamond Some diamonds attain a green color because they came into contact with a natural source of radiation within the earth, probably uranium ore

Each colored diamond is different not only because of its natural body color but also because of the way it is shaped and finally polished Most fancy color diamonds are cut into cushion or radiant shapes forms, which best bring out the depth of hue The most skilled cutters shorten the optical light path through the diamond, creating the bright sparkle that is reflected from them Cutting deeper pavilions and creating different facets may intensify color The cutting of colored diamonds is significantly important, performed by highly skilled craftsmen who combine their technical knowledge with a deep appreciation for beauty and color Different regions of the earth have yielded particular types of colored diamonds, and each color requires a master cutter's knowledge and appreciation to unlock the beauty within

" An architect who created a beautiful edifice, an artist who painted a fine picture, a poet who composed melodious rhymes - they are all gripped with one feeling - a lapidary (gem cutter) feels the same way" D Kreptiukov 1929

话说彩钻

在我们生命中的每天，颜色描绘着我们的心情和表达我们的情绪。没有彩色我们的生命会是平淡的。我们将忍耐没有丁点蓝色的天空,没有紫霞的日落, 没有绿色的森林。彩色钻石将自然界所有的颜色都融入自身,有时以最具欺骗性的方式结合。

除大小之外还有二个因素决定着彩钻石的价值。 一是钻石原始晶体本身的颜色，另一个是在加工过程中表现出来的切工等级。

大自然用数千万数年设计出了晶体的鸡尾酒。颜色部份的秘密,我们用科学解析。

蓝色钻石是硼元素经过千百万年与钻石内部碳元素混合而产生的颜色。**钻石颜色的产生是因为聚合态的氮震动的结果。灰色的，紫罗兰色的和黄绿色的钻石因为含义定量的氢离子所以产生了对应的颜色。粉红的，褐色和紫色钻石颜色的产生是钻石内部晶格变形的结果。绿色的钻石是因为他们在地球内部接触到天然的放射源，经过幅照就产生了颜色。

每颗彩钻颜色的不同不仅仅是因为它所固有的天然的颜色，还因为切割成成品所选择的不同切割方式。大多数彩钻都被切割成枕型或放射型琢型,为的是让钻石的颜色有足够的饱和度。 最熟练的切割技师通过缩短光穿过钻石内部的距离,使得光线的反射能够更好的体现钻石的活力。将亭部切割的较深并将刻面切割的与常规刻面的有所区别能够更好的表现彩钻的色彩。彩色钻石的切工是至为重要的,切割技师必须对美和色彩有着很深的理解，在此基础上综合运用他的技术与知识才能真正创作出好的切工。地球的不同区域产出不同类型颜色的彩色钻石，每种颜色都需要切割大师用他的知识和对彩钻的理解去开启它内在的美丽。

“…一位建筑师创造了一栋伟大的建筑，一个艺术家完成了一幅传世佳作, 一位诗人构思完成了一首绝妙的诗歌——他们的心里全部都流动着同一种感觉——这种感觉与一位宝石工匠心里的(宝石切割师)一模一样。”