马来西亚的风俗礼仪

马来西亚是一个多民族的国家，各民族在这块风光绮丽、物产丰富的大地上，辛勤劳作，创造了繁荣兴盛的社会，也创造了灿烂夺目的民族文化，形成了奇异独特的风土民情。　马来人的见面礼十分独特。他们互相摩擦一下对方的手心，然后双掌合十，摸一下心窝互致问候。

　马来人忌讳摸头，认为摸头是对人的一种侵犯和侮辱。在马来西亚与马来人交往，要尊重他们的习俗，否则便会视作对他们不礼貌。同马来人握手、打招呼或馈赠礼品，千万不可用左手。无论是在农村还是在城市，马来人用餐习惯用右手抓饭进食，只是在西式的宴会上，马来人才使用刀叉和匙的。吃饭时，客人要细心观察主人的动作，依照主人的样子做，避免做出主人忌讳的动作。马来人用餐十分讲究卫生和礼节，进餐前必须把手洗干净。

　马来人相互拜访时，衣冠必须整齐。马来西亚人是热情、谦恭、大方、讲究礼节的民族。在马来人家中做客应注意举止得体，尊重长者。

　　世界各地婚俗

　　Wedding Customs around the World

　　Early African American: Jumping the Broom

　　In the times of slavery in this country, African American couples were not allowed to formally marry and live together To make a public declaration of their love and commitment, a man and woman jumped over a broom into matrimony, to the beat of drums (The broom has long held significant meaning for the various Africans, symbolizing, the start of home- making for the newlywed couple In Southern Africa, the day after the wedding, the bride assisted the other women in the family in sweeping the courtyard, indicating her dutiful willing ness to help her in-laws with housework till the newlyweds could move to their new home) Some African-American couples today are choosing to include this symbolic rite in their wedding ceremony

　　早期非洲裔美国人：跳扫帚

　　在美国的黑奴时代，黑人男女是不允许正式结婚生活在一起的。为了向世人宣布他们的爱情和婚约，一对黑人男女和着鼓声的节奏，一起跳过一把扫帚。（扫帚对各种非洲人长期来都具有很重要的意义，因为它意味着新婚夫妇组成家庭的开始。在南部非洲，新娘在婚后的第一天要帮助夫家的其他女性清扫院子，以此表明在住进自己的新家前，她愿意尽职地帮助丈夫的家人承担家务劳动。）直至今日，一些美国黑人还在他们的婚礼上举行这种象征性的仪式。

　　Armenia: Two white doves may be released to signify love and happiness The bride may dress in red silk and may wear cardboard wings with feathers on her head Small coins may be thrown at her

　　亚美尼亚：人们放飞两只白鸽，以示爱情和幸福。新娘穿着红色丝绸的服装，头戴饰有羽毛的纸翼。人们还可向新娘投掷硬币。

　　Belgium: The bride may still embroider her name on her handkerchief, carry it on the wedding day, then frame it and keep it until the next family bride marries

　　比利时：新娘可以将其姓名绣在手帕上，在婚礼举行日随身带上它。婚礼后将手帕装入镜框保存，直到家里的另外一个姑娘结婚。

　　Bermuda: Islanders top their tiered wedding cakes with a tiny sapling The newlyweds plant the tree at their home, where they can watch it grow, as their marriage grows

　　百慕大：百慕大岛民在他们的多层婚礼蛋糕的顶层插上一株小树苗，新婚夫妇要将这株树苗种在家中，这样他们可以目睹树苗伴随着他们的婚姻一起长大。

　　Bohemia: The groom gives the bride a rosary, a prayer book, a girdle with three keys (to guard her virtue), a fur cap, and a silver wedding ring The bride gives the groom a shirt sewn with gold thread blended with colored silks and a wedding ring Before the ceremony, the groomsman wraps the groom in the bride's cloak to keep evil spirits from creeping in and dividing their two hearts

　　波黑人：新郎向新娘赠送一串念珠，一本祈祷文，一根上面串着三把钥匙的腰带（用以保护她的贞洁），一顶毛皮帽，一个银的结婚戒指。新娘则向新郎赠送一件用金线和彩色丝绸缝制的衬衣和结婚戒指。婚礼前，伴郎将新郎裹进新娘的斗篷里，以防恶魔侵入，拆散他们相爱的心。

　　Caribbean: A rich black cake baked with dried fruits and rum is especially popular on the islands of Barbados, Grenada and St Lucia The recipe, handed down from mother to daughter, is embellished by each It is considered a "pound" cake--with the recipe calling for a pound each of flour, dark brown sugar, butter, glace cherries, raisins, prunes, currants, plus a dozen eggs and flavorings The dried fruits are soaked in rum and kept in a crock anywhere from two weeks to six months

　　加勒比地区：在巴巴多斯，格林纳达和圣卢西亚，用干果和朗姆酒制作的味道浓郁的蛋糕十分常见。蛋糕的制作方法，由母亲亲手传给女儿，并且各自对其加以修饰。人们把这种蛋糕叫作“一磅”蛋糕，因为制作这种蛋糕需要面粉、棕糖、黄油、糖霜樱桃、葡萄干、李子、红醋栗各一磅，加上一打鸡蛋和调味品。制作蛋糕的干果要在朗姆酒中浸泡并在瓦罐中保存两个星期至6个月。

　　Croatia: Married female relatives remove the bride's veil and replace it with a kerchief and apron, symbols of her new married status She is then serenaded by all the married women Following the wedding ceremony, those assembled walk three times around the well (symbolizing the Holy Trinity,) and throw apples into it (symbolizing fertility)

　　克罗地亚：由已婚的女性亲戚摘下新娘的面纱，换上一块头巾和一条围裙，意味着新娘的已婚新身份。然后由所有的已婚妇女为新娘唱小夜曲。婚礼之后，所有来宾围绕着井走三圈（象征着圣三位一体），并向井中扔苹果（象征着生育）。

　　The Czech Republic: Friends would sneak into the bride's yard to plant a tree, then deco rate it with ribbons and painted eggshells Legend said she would live as long as the tree Brides in the countryside carry on the very old custom of wearing a wreath of rosemary, which symbolizes remembrance The wreath is woven for each bride on her wedding eve by her friends as a wish for wisdom, love, and loyalty

　　捷克共和国：朋友们溜进新娘的院子去种一棵树，然后再用彩带和彩绘的蛋壳将树加以装饰。传说新娘将与这树活得一样长。乡村的新娘还保留着佩带迷迭香花环的古老习俗，以表怀念之情。花环是在婚礼前夕由新娘的朋友编织而成，它象征着智慧、爱情和忠诚。

　　Egypt: Families, rather than grooms, propose to the bride In Egypt, many marriages are arranged The zaffa, or wedding march, is a musical procession of drums, bagpipes, horns, belly dancers, and men carrying flaming swords; it announces that the marriage is about to begin

　　埃及：在埃及，由新郎的家人，而不是新郎本人，向新娘求婚。许多婚姻还是父母之命，媒妁之言。Zaffa，也就是婚礼，其实是一个充满音乐的列队游行，有鼓、风笛、号角及肚皮舞，男人们手持火红的剑。这个仪式宣告，婚姻即将开始。

　　England: Traditionally, the village bride and her wedding party always walk together to the church Leading the procession: a small girl strewing, blossoms along the road, so the bride's path through life will always be happy and laden with flowers

　　英格兰：按照传统，乡村的新娘和参加婚礼的人们总是一起步行走向教堂。一个小姑娘走在队列最前面，她一路抛撒鲜花，预示着新娘一生的道路上也将开满鲜花，永远幸福。

　　Finland: Brides wear golden crowns After the wedding, unmarried women dance in a circle around the blindfolded bride, waiting for her to place her crown on someone's head It is thought that whoever she crowns will be the next to wed The bride and groom have seats of honor at the reception The bride holds a sieve covered with a silk shawl; when the guests slip money into the sieve, their names and the amounts given are announced to those assembled by a groomsman

　　芬兰：新娘头戴金色的花冠。婚礼后，未婚妇女围着被蒙住眼睛的新娘跳舞，等着新娘将她头上的花冠戴到某个人的头上。被新娘戴上花冠的人被认为是下一个要结婚的人。新娘和新郎坐在婚宴的贵宾席上，新娘手持一个筛子，筛子上盖有一块丝绸披巾。当来宾们将钱塞进筛子时，一个伴郎会向在场的来宾宣布放钱的来宾姓名以及礼金的数额。

　　Greece: The koumbaros, traditionally the groom's godfather, is an honored guest who participates in the wedding ceremony Today, the koumbaros is very often the best man, who assists in the crowning of the couple (with white or gold crown, or with crowns made of everlasting flowers, or of twigs of love and vine wrapped in silver and gold paper), and in the circling of the altar three times Other attendants may read Scripture, hold candles, pack the crowns in a special box after the ceremony To be sure of a "sweet life", a Greek bride may carry a lump of sugar in her glove on wedding day

　　希腊：通常是新郎的教父，担任婚礼上的嘉宾，现在嘉宾常常由伴郎担任，其职责是协助新郎新娘戴上花冠（花冠有白色和金色的，花冠由四季开放的鲜花，或由用金色或银色的纸包起来的象征爱情的树枝和藤编织而成）。戴上花冠后，新人们围着圣坛绕三圈。别的出席婚礼的人则朗读《圣经》，手持蜡烛，并在婚礼后将花冠放置在一个特殊的盒子里。为了确保婚后生活的甜蜜，希腊新娘在结婚那一天，可在手套里塞一块糖。

　　Korea: Ducks are included in the wedding procession because ducks mate for life The groom once traveled to the bride's house on a white pony, bearing fidelity symbols--a gray goose and gander

　　韩国: 在婚礼行列中会包括鸭子，因为鸭子总是终身相伴。过去，新郎骑一匹小白马去新娘家，并带上一对象征着忠诚的灰色的雌鹅和雄鹅。

　　Malaysia: The groom's gifts to the bride are delivered to her home by costumed children in a noisy procession, carrying lavish trays of food and currency folded into animal or flower shapes Each wedding guest is given a beautifully decorated hard-boiled egg, a symbol of fertility

　　马来西亚：新郎赠送给新娘的礼物由盛装打扮的孩子们组成的热闹队伍送过去，孩子们捧着许多盛有食物和用钱折叠成的动物和花卉形状的托盘。每位参加婚礼的来宾都获赠一个装饰精美的煮熟了的鸡蛋, 它是生育的象征。

　　Mexico: A "lasso" a very large rosary, is wound around the couple's shoulders and hands during the ceremony to show the union and protection of marriage Guests at many Mexican weddings gather around the couple in a heart-shaped ring at the reception, perhaps before the first dance

　　墨西哥：在婚礼上，新婚夫妇的肩膀和手被一串很大的念珠（“套索”）所缠绕，表示双方的结合和对婚姻的保护。在许多墨西哥人的婚礼上，在第一支舞曲前，来宾们围绕着新婚夫妇站成一个心形的圈。

我认为马来西亚的华人很少选择和马来人通婚的原因有以下几点，首先是宗教信仰问题，其次是民族排外问题，然后是圈子融合问题，最后是生活习惯问题。

1宗教信仰问题

宗教信仰问题确实是一个很难跨越的鸿沟，因为两个人的信仰不一样，所以思想方面也会很不一样，两个人就很难过到一起去。而且我国华人和马来西亚的人生长环境完全不同，接受的教育完全不同，我国一直是唯物主义者，很少去信什么教，但是马来西亚却不一样，就像是有的传统的回族人，也不和其他民族通婚一样。

2民族排外问题

其实在我们身边看不出来，但是民族排外问题这个还是有的，因为大家更倾向于和自己一样的人待在一起，对陌生的人种还是有一些担心和恐惧，毕竟不知道他们的习惯是什么样，也不知道他们是好人还是坏人，所以接触起来会比较小心翼翼，而且很少会接触。但是因为在马来西亚要赚钱，所以就不得不和他们接触。现在世界上很多地方都有唐人街，就是中国人在别的国家的小社区。

3圈子融合问题

圈子融合也是一个很难的问题，因为中国人生活的圈子和马来人肯定是不一样的，所以大家就没有更多的时间去互相了解，互相认识，所以和对方产生感情也是很难的。我觉得在国外的人还是更容易和自己的老乡产生感情，因为会有更多话题，而且老乡见老乡，两眼泪汪汪。

4生活习惯问题

生活习惯也是个很大的问题，马来西亚的人是有些看不起女性的，但是我国的女性还都是很要强的，是那种妇女能顶半边天的人。如果嫁给他们一直让他们看不起的话，就会感觉很憋屈，但是也不排除有人就为了要一个富足的生活嫁给他们。