英语美文：17步帮你轻松get更好的生活

1 Get outside

1 出去看看

It has been scientifically proven that being outdoors helps alleviate feelings of sadness and depression Sit for a while and pay close attention to your surroundings; I guarantee you'll soon be reminded of the beauty of life

科学研究表明，出门看看能够帮助缓和悲伤及抑郁。出去坐一会儿，看看周围的景色，保证你会重新认识人生的美好。

2 Forgive and forget

2 原谅、释怀

Holding grudges serves absolutely no purpose in life We've all been bruised before, some worse than others, but no matter the situation, you will always be better off leaving it in the past If not for their sake, forgive them for your own

怨恨毫无用处。人人都受过挫，程度不同而已。但无论情况如何，向前看才是最重要的。不为别人，也是为了自己，学会原谅。

3 Take up yoga

3 练习瑜伽

Not only is this a great workout, but it is a great method of relaxation Learning to take slow, deep breaths is not just good for your physical health, but mental, as well

这不仅是一种极好的健身方式，也能起到放松的作用。学会深呼吸，不仅有利于身体健康，也对心理有好处。

4 Reach out to loved ones

4 联系你爱的人

Tell your friends and family that you love them Life is incredibly precious and as cliche as it sounds, we never know when our time on Earth is going to end Shoot them a text and ask them how they're doing Let your loved ones know that you care, even if it's been a while

告诉朋友、家人你爱他们。虽然听起来很俗，但人生太珍贵，我们不知道它究竟会在何处终止。给你爱的人发个短信，问问他们近况如何，让他们知道你是在乎的，即便你们很久都没有联系了。

5 Find your passion

5 发掘你的

Whether it's writing, drawing, playing sports, or learning to play an instrument, find something that makes you feel alive

无论是写作、画画、运动还是学习一门乐器，去找一样激发你热情的事情做。

6 Stop eating junk food

6 停止吃垃圾食品

Do you have any idea what you are actually putting into your body They make healthy frozen dinners that you can throw in a microwave and have ready in less than ten minutes You really have no excuse not to take care of yourself

你知道自己每天吃进肚子的都是些什么吗？市面上有卖健康的冷冻食品，放进微波炉里加热一下，十分钟就能搞定。你真的没有理由不好好照顾自己。

7 Volunteer

7 做志愿者

Kindness never goes out of style, and that is a fact Making others smile can go a long way for your own sense of happiness and fulfillment

善良是永不过时的品质，这是事实。为他人带来快乐时，自己得到的满足感和幸福感可以持续更久。

8 Wake up early

8 早起

Use your time wisely and plan your day accordingly I especially struggle with this one, but one thing I've noticed is that the earlier I wake up, the more I get done

合理利用、安排时间。这一条对我来说尤其困难，但是我发现，起得越早完成的事情也就越多。

9 Surround yourself with positive people

9 多和积极向上的人打交道

Your vibe attracts your tribe If you make a point to surround yourself with kind, caring, and goal-oriented people, these qualities are bound to rub off on you

你的气场能够吸引你的同伴。如果你有意识地和那些善良、有爱、有目标的人打交道，这些品质也会感染到你。

10 Stop caring what others think

10 不要在意他人的看法

You might think people are watching and judging your every move, but in all honesty, they probably care less than you think So you shouldn't care either

你也许认为，你的一举一动都被人看在眼里、被指指点点，但其实他们没有你想的那么在意，所以你也用不着在意。

11 Stop worrying

11 不要担忧

Most of the time all those horrible, traumatic scenarios that we concoct in our heads never end up happening Save yourself the trouble and stop worrying, especially if it's something you have no control over

多数情况下，那些我们捏造出来的、电视剧里才会有的恐怖情景根本不会发生。别忙着去担心这些了，特别是那些担心了也并没有办法改变的事情。

12 Make mistakes Learn from them

12 勇于犯错，汲取教训

Here's something I learned from school that actually applies in the real world: you never fail until you stop trying As long as you are making mistakes and learning from them, you are on the track to success

这是我从学校里学到并能运用到现实生活中的：只有放弃才算失败。只要你勇于犯错并从中吸取教训，你一直都在通往成功的道路上。

13 Disconnect every once in a while

13 偶尔玩个消失

Turn your phone off for a week and tell me you don't feel more alive If you can't go as far as to cut all ties with technology, at least take a brief hiatus from social media

关机一个月，你会感到更加有活力。如果做不到完全与通讯工具隔绝，至少远离社交媒体。

14 Laugh As much as you can, as often as you can

14 笑。笑得越开心越好、越频繁越好

I'm a firm believer that laughter can cure most ailments Go see that romantic comedy you've been meaning to watch, hangout with that hilarious friend from high school, laugh until you cry

我坚定地相信笑是一剂良药。去看一部你一直想看的浪漫喜剧，和高中有趣的好友一起出去玩，然后笑到流泪吧。

15 Get a good night's rest

15 晚上好好休息

This is truly imperative to your well being, not just physically, but mentally, as well You should be getting at least 7 hours of sleep a night, if not more If you find yourself catching less shut eye, make a conscious effort to turn off all electronics an hour before bed so you have some time to relax & unwind

这对你日常的表现来说真的非常重要，身体上、心理上都是一样。晚上至少七小时的睡眠是必须的。如果你发觉自己睡得少了，那么注意在睡前一小时关闭一切电子设备以保证充足的休息和放松。

16 Make it a goal to make someone smile every day

16 把给人带来微笑当做每天的一个任务

It doesn't have to be something extravagant It truly is the little things that mean the most in life - such as smiling at a passerby, complimenting someone on a feature or outfit, or even holding the door open for the person behind you

不一定非要是什么昂贵的东西，往往是那些最小的事情意义最重大，比如迎面而来的一个微笑、赞扬某人的容貌或者穿衣、甚至是为身后的人留个门。

17 Start a gratitude journal

17 开始写感恩日志

Write down five positive things that happen to you each day, and five things you are looking forward to in the future

每天写下发生在你身上的五件积极的事情，还有五件你希望在未来发生的事。

I know that if you are truly struggling, happiness will not happen overnight However, if you work to implement these positive life changes each and every day, I guarantee things will eventually get better

我知道，如果你的生活真的很艰辛，幸福并不会一夜降临。然而，如果你每天都能按这些方法去积极地改变，我保证一切都会越来越好。

We were in class when the head-master came in, followed by a "new fellow,"not wearing the school uniform, and a school servant carrying a large desk Those who had been asleep woke up, and every one rose as if just surprised at his work

我们正在上自习，校长进来了，后面跟着一个没有穿学生装的“新生”，还有一个小校工，扛着一张大书桌。正在打磕睡的学生也醒过来了，个个站了起来，仿佛功课受到了打扰似的。

The headmaster made a sign to us to sit down Then, turning to the classmaster, he said to him in a low voice—

校长朝我们挥挥手，让我们坐下，然后转过身去，低声对班主任说:

"Monsieur Roger, here is a pupil whom I recommend to your cares he' II be in the second If his work and conduct are satisfactory, he will go into one of the upper classes, as becomes his age"

“罗杰先生，我把这个学生交给你了，让他上五年级的课吧。如果他的学习和品德都不错，再让他进高年级，按他的岁数应该上高年级才是。”

The "new fellow,"standing in the corner behind the door so that he could hardly be seen, was a country lad of about fifteen, and taller than any of us His hair was cut square on his forehead like a village chorister's; he looked reliable, but very ill at ease Although he was not broad-shouldered, his short school jacket of green cloth with black buttons must have been tight about the arm—holes, and showed at the opening of the cuffs red wrists accustomed to being bare His legs, in blue stockings, looked out from beneath yellow trousers, drawn tight by braces, He wore stout, ill-cleaned,hob-nailed boots

这个“新生”坐在门背后的角落里，门一开，谁也看不见他，他是一个小乡巴佬，大约有15岁，个子比我们都高。他的头发顺着前额剪齐，像乡下教堂里的歌童，看样子老实听话，连手脚都不知往哪儿搁。他的肩并不宽，可那件黑纽扣绿呢子上装却仿佛被他的肩绷得紧紧的，活动不便，袖饰开权处露出了经常风吹日晒的手腕，红红的。两根背带把他那条浅**的裤子吊得很高，露出穿着蓝袜子的双脚。脚上穿了一双不常擦油的钉鞋。

We began repeating the lesson He listened with all his ears, as attentive as if at a sermon, not daring even to cross his legs or lean on his elbow, and when at two o' clock the bell rang,the master was obliged to tell him to fall into line with the rest of us

我们开始背诵课文。他竖起耳朵听着，全神贯注，就像在教堂里听传道，连腿也不敢跷，胳膊也不敢放在书桌上。两点钟下课铃响的时候，要不是班主任提醒他，他也不知道和我们一起排队。

When we came back to work, we were in the habit of throwing our caps on the ground so as to have our hands more free, we used from the door to toss them under the form, so that they hit against the wall and made a lot of dust: it was the thing

我们平时有个习惯，一进教室，就把帽子扔在地上，以免拿在手里碍事;因此，一跨过门槛，就得把帽子扔到长凳底下，掀起一片尘土，拍打在墙壁上;这已习以为常了。

But, whether he had not noticed the trick, or did not dare to attempt it, the "new fellow"，was still holding his cap on his knees even after prayers were over It was one of those head-gears of composite order, in which we can find traces of the bearskin，shako, billycock hat, sealskin cap, and cotton night- cap; one of those poor things, in fine, whose dumb ugliness has depths of expression, like an imbecile's face Oval，stiffened with whalebone，it began with three round knobs;then came in succession lozenges of velvet and rabbit-skin separated by a red band, after that a sort of bag that ended in a cardboard polygon covered with complicated braiding, from which hung, at the end of a long thin cord, small twisted gold threads in the manner of a tassel The cap was new, its peak shone

不知道这个新生是没有注意到我们这一套，还是不敢跟大家一样做，课前的祷告做完之后，他还把鸭舌帽放在膝盖上。他的帽子像是一盘大杂烩，看不出到底是皮帽、军帽、圆顶帽、尖嘴帽还是睡帽，反正是便宜货，说不出的难看，好像哑巴吃了黄连后的苦脸。帽子是鸡蛋形的，里面用铁丝支撑着，帽口有三道滚边;往上是交错的菱形丝绒和兔皮，中间有条红线隔开。再往上是口袋似的帽筒，帽顶是多边的硬壳纸，纸上蒙着复杂的彩绣，还有一根细长的饰带，末端吊着一个金线结成的小十字架作为坠子。帽子是新的，帽檐还闪光呢。

"Rise,"said the master

“站起来，”老师说。

He stood ups his cap fell The whole class began to laugh He stooped to pick it up A neighbor knocked it down again with his elbow, he picked it up once more

他一起立鸭舌帽就掉了。全班同学都笑了起来。他弯腰去拣帽子。旁边一个学生用胳膊捅了他一下，帽子又掉了，他又拣了一回。

"Get rid of your helmet,”said the master, who was a bit of a wag

“不必担心，你的王冠不会摔坏。”老师很风趣地说。

There was a burst of laughter from the boys，which so thoroughly put the poor lad out of countenance that he did not know whether to keep his cap in his hand, leave it on the ground, or put it on his head He sat down again and placed it on his knee

同学们都哈哈大笑起来，可怜的新生更加手足无措了，不知道帽子应该拿在手里，还是让它掉在地下，还是把它戴在头上。他坐下，仍然把帽子搁在并拢的双膝上。

"Rise," repeated the master, "and tell me your name"

“站起来，”老师又说了一遍，“告诉我，你叫什么名字。”

The new boy articulated in a stammering voice an unintelligible name

新生嘟嘟嚷嚷地说了个名字，根本听不清楚他说的是什么。

"Again!"

“再说一遍!”

The same sputtering of syllables was heard, drowned by the tittering of the class

还是嘟嘟嚷嚷含混不清的声音，全班笑得更厉害了。

"Louder!" cried the master, "louder!"

“声音高点!”老师喊道，“声音高点!”

The "new fellow" then took a supreme resolution, opened an inordinately large mouth, and shouted at the top of his voice as if calling someone in the word "Charbovari"

于是“新生”狠下决心，张开血盆大口，像在呼救似的，使出了吃奶的力气说道:“夏包华里!”

A hubbub broke out, rose in crescendo with bursts of shrill voices (they yelled，barked，stamped，repeated "Charbovari! Charbovari")，then died away into single notes，growing quieter only with great difficulty, and now and again suddenly recommencing along the line of a form whence rose here and there, like a damp cracker going off, a stifled laugh

这下好了，笑声叫声直线上升，越闹越凶，有的声音尖得刺耳，有的像狼嚎，有的像狗叫，有人跺脚，有人学舌:“下坡花力!下坡花力!”好不容易平息下来，但是一排板凳好像一串爆竹，说不准什么时候还会爆发出一两声压制不住的笑声，犹如死灰复燃的爆竹一样。

However, amid a rain of impositions, order was gradually re-established in the class; and the master having succeeded in catching the name of "Charles Bovary," having had it dictated to him, spelt out, and re-read, at once ordered the poor devil to go and sit down on the punishment form at the foot of the master' s desk He got up, but before going hesitated

然而，在暴雨般的作业重罚下，课堂次序渐渐恢复，老师让新生一个字母一个字母地反复拼读，由他写在黑板上，这才弄清楚新生的名字叫夏尔·包法利，他当即命这个可怜虫坐到讲台前懒学生的凳子上去。

作者介绍:

居斯塔夫·福楼拜(1821-1880), 19世纪中叶法国现实主义作家。生于法国诺曼底卢昂医生世家。福楼拜在中学时从事文学习作。早期习作有浓厚的浪漫主义色彩。1857年，福楼拜出版了轰动文坛的长篇小说《包法利夫人》。但作品受到指控，罪名是败坏道德，毁谤宗教。此后，他一度转入古代题材创作，于1862年发表长篇小说《萨朗波》他的作品语言精练、准确、铿锵有力，是法国文学的“模范散文”之作。

平庸的医学学生查理·包法利，在他那年长而衰弱的太太去世后和心爱的爱玛结婚。浪漫的爱玛对这个不懂生活情趣的丈夫日渐厌倦，查理为了妻子能高兴，搬到了勇维尔·拉贝。在这里爱玛接连遭到了赖昂和罗道尔弗的抛弃。绝望的爱玛委身于读书归来的赖昂，陷入了堕落的快乐中。为了维持与这些男人的关系，爱玛一再举债，直至破产。在绝望之余，她服砷自杀了。

Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》

Jane Eyre 《简爱》

Alice's Adventures in Wonderland《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》

The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》

Oldman and Sea 《老人与海》

Gone with the Wind 《乱世佳人》

The Jungle 《屠场》

------------建议看中英双语的--------------------

--------------希望可以帮助你，希望被采纳--------------

　你想知道如何才能重温恋爱的国家吗现在教你九招，让你重温恋爱感觉。

　1You have to turn the attention of your spouse's wandering eyes back to you

　你要把爱人的注意力吸引回你身上。

　You do this by having "Date Nights" It can be three times a month at the very least, where you and your spouse get the chance to dress sexy and leave the kids with the babysitter or a family member

　你可以通过“约会之夜”来做到这点。至少一个月要约会三次，你和你的配偶就有机会打扮的非常性感，把孩子留给保姆或家里别的人照看。

　Go to a place you haven't been in a long time and you both enjoy such as a fancy restaurant, a club, to play pool, or the movies, or even a bar This night should be about rediscovering yourselves again and the fun part of you and your spouse, so try leaving the bossiness, jealousy, and talks about money and kids behind

　去一个你们很久没去又都很喜欢的地方，比如说一家高级餐厅、夜总会，去打 台球 、或看场**，甚至去酒吧都可以。在这样的夜晚应该重新发现你自己，重拾你们之间的乐趣，所以试着把你的跋扈、猜忌和关于钱和孩子的问题统统抛到脑后吧。

　2Share information with your spouse

　和他/她共享信息。

　There are couples that don't even talk to each other anymore, or when they do is only talks of money, kids, and schedule

　有的夫妻甚至都不和对方聊天，或只聊钱、孩子和日程安排。

　Take the time to ask your spouse how their day was If they are hesitant to share information and just answer with a mere fine, start the conversation Tell them something that happened at your job or around the house, tell them something you might have discussed at work with your friends, or how your job is going This will get them to want to share their information and they will also start building the habit of asking you how work was

　花点时间问问你的爱人一天过得怎么样。如果他/她们有点犹豫不想说，只回答说“还好”，那你就开始跟他/她聊天。告诉他们你工作上或家里发生了什么，告诉他们你本来要和工作上的朋友讨论的事，或者你的工作进展得怎么样。这会使他们想要和你分享他们的事，并开始养成问问你工作的习惯。

　3Hold hands

　手拉手。

　It might be cheesy to some people and it may take getting used to but in fact holding hands builds a bond with your partner and it gives you a sense of romance sort of like when the two were boyfriend and girlfriend, or in the beginning of the relationship

　有些人可能觉着这有点俗气，而且需要时间去习惯。但事实上，牵手能在你们之间建立一种纽带，带给你们做男女朋友时或恋爱初期那种浪漫感觉。

　At first you might not feel comfortable and you might even be shy in public because you are not used to this, but this is romance and is intimacy

　最初你可能感觉不舒服，在公共场合甚至觉着不好意思，这是因为你还没有习惯，但这就是浪漫，这就是亲密。

　4Be kind to one another

　善待彼此。

　Relationships that have lasted for a while tend to fall into habits and tricks, you get to know your partner's likes and dislike and so you know what they hate the most, what hurts their feelings, what makes them cry, or laugh Some partners take advantage of this and decide to use this against one another

　关系发展到一定程度就容易养成一些习惯，会有窍门可循。你了解伴侣的好恶，所以你知道他们最讨厌什么，什么能伤害他们的感情，什么使他们哭，什么使他们笑。有些夫妻就利用这一点来对付彼此。

　Do not insult each other whether in public or in the privacy of the house Insulting each other causes hurt feelings and the damage might be irreversible Even if you are mad, try to refrain from using nicknames or curse words and saying things that you will later regret, because what you might be left with in the relationship is only resentment towards each other Take the time to say nice things to your partner Call them sweetie, honey, baby, and tell them how good they smell or anything that is kind and tender This will make your partner feel love and will in turn make them treat you the same way

　无论在公共场合还是在家，都不要侮辱彼此。彼此侮辱会造成精神上的伤害，这种伤害可能是不可逆转的。即使你气得发疯，也要努力避免叫对方的绰号或说谩骂的话，避免说出过后会使你后悔的话，因为你们这段关系中留给彼此的就只有怨恨了。花点时间跟对方说好听的话，叫他们“亲爱的”或“宝贝”，告诉他们身上的味道有多好闻，或跟他们说好听的温柔的话。这会使你的爱人感觉到爱，并以同样的方式来对待你。

　5Plan a vacation

　计划一次度假。

　Sometimes we just need to get away and go on vacation with our partners Family, too much work, stress in the relationship, worries about bills or kids can also affect the relationship Find a romanticgetaway even if you are taking the kids with you Book things to do and try new things with your partner to bond Drink some champagne, listen to soft music, and light some candles Romance is the key to staying in love Do everything in the vacation with your partner

　有时我们只是需要走出去，和爱人去度个假。家庭、过多的工作、各种关系上的压力、对账单或孩子的担忧也会影响到夫妻关系。即使带着孩子旅行也要找一个浪漫的度假地点，计划好要做的事，和另一半一起尝试新鲜事物来增进你们之间的关系。喝点香槟，听听轻音乐，再点上几支蜡烛，浪漫就是爱情保鲜的关键，在度假期间和你的爱人做一切你们想做的事。

　6Always remember your partner's birthday

　牢记爱人的生日。

　There’s nothing more awful than your partner forgetting your birthday or you forgetting theirs No matter how old we get we should always remember their birthday and they should do the same Even if you can't buy them an expensive birthday gift, just saying happy birthday and acknowledging their birthday will make them feel good

　没有什么事比你的爱人忘记你的生日或你忘记他们的生日更糟糕了。无论我们多大年纪，都应该牢记他们的生日，他们也应如此。即使你不能给他们买一份贵重的生日礼物，只说一声“生日快乐”来表明你记得他们的生日也会让他们很开心的。

　7Renew your vows

　重申你们的誓言。

　Relive the moment of when the two of you decided to become one and you can even make it better this time

　重新体验一次你们决定结为夫妻的那一刻，这一次你们能做的更好。

　When renewing your vows, you don't have to have a big celebration with all the friends you know and your partner know and the whole lot of people like the first time It can be a small family and close friends’ celebration The important thing this time around is creating your own vows Take the time and think about all the things you like about your partner This will make both of you remember and think of why you love each other and the things that you like about each other

　重申誓言时，不必像第一次邀请所有亲朋好友那样隆重，仅限于家人和亲近朋友在一起庆祝就可以。这次的重点是说出你们自己的誓言，花时间想想你喜欢他/她的哪些方面。这会使你们两个人想起，并明白你们为什么爱对方，你们爱对方的哪一点。

　8Hygiene is important for romance

　想要浪漫，个人卫生很重要。

　There is nothing worse than cuddling at nighttime with your partner only to find out they don't smell so good and then the moment is ruined

　没有什么比晚上和爱人依偎在一起却发现他们身上味道不好更糟糕了，美好的夜晚都被毁掉了。

　9Write love letters

　写 情书 。

　This is something we, both women and men, have completely forgotten about Don't we love those romantic movies about a letter such as message in a bottle Why can't we have our own fairy tales Well we might not have a fairy tale life but we can have our own romantic story

　这件事我们(无论男女)都已经完全忘掉了。难道我们不喜欢那些把信(比如留言)装在瓶子里的爱情影片吗为什么我们不能拥有自己的 童话 故事 可能我们没有童话里的生活，但我们可以有自己的浪漫故事。

　Sit down and think about all the things you like about your husband or wife, think about what made you fall in love with him or her and write it down in a piece of paper, then think about something you want to say to your love one If this is difficult, think if it was your very last day on this earth or last day you were going to see them what did you want them to know

　你要坐下来，想一想你的丈夫或妻子所有吸引你的地方，想一想是什么使你爱上他/她，把这些写在纸上，然后想想你想对你的挚爱说的话。如果这对你来说有点困难，那你就假设如果这是你的最后一天或者你能见到他们的最后一天，你想让他们知道什么呢

新东方背诵重视的是句型和结构，我觉得不符合美文的要求

[美文欣赏] Thinking of You 水调歌头 [2006-07-30]

[英语美文] The girl on the train 火车上的女孩 [2006-07-28]

[好文共赏] Speak out Your Love [2006-07-27]

[英语美文] 美文：为母亲祈祷 [2006-07-26]

[英语美文] On the seashore 在海滨 （音） [2006-07-25]

[英语美文] Love and Time 爱和时间 （音） [2006-07-24]

[英语散文] 散文欣赏：My Miraculous Family 生命的 [2006-07-15]

[精品阅读] Of Love 论爱情 - 培根 [2006-07-13]

[英语美文] Keep Your Direction 坚持你的方向 [2006-07-06]

[英语美文] About Love 关于爱情的种种你了解多少？ [2006-07-04]

[精品阅读] 让“宽恕的风”把仇恨抹去 [2006-07-04]

[英语美文] A wonderful little girl 天使女儿救妈妈 [2006-06-26]

[英语书信] 美丽的情书 [2006-06-26]

[精品阅读] 女人的眼泪 [2006-06-24]

[英语美文] 选择积极地生活 Life is full of choices [2006-06-13]

[精品文摘] 爱就是一切 WHATEVER LOVE MEANS [2006-07-30]

[精品文摘] The Blanket 一床双人毛毯 [2006-06-05]

[精品文摘] The Five Boons of Life [2006-06-04]

[精品文摘] Life is all about choices 生活充满选择 [2006-05-30]

[精品文摘] 令爱长驻的妙法——将爱放飞 [2006-05-29]

精品文摘：Care your dream 呵护你的梦想 [2006-05-22]

[英语阅读] You! 生命掌握在你的手里--超越卓越的你 [2006-05-13]

散文：A Little Piece of Me 生命的过客 [2006-04-30]

[美文欣赏] 大自然日记--飞鸟集(图) [2006-04-11]

值得背诵的英语美文 [2005-12-11]

泰戈尔散文100篇节选(中英对照） [2005-11-21]

英语散文：雨雪时候的心情 [2005-11-10]

英语短文：和爸爸跳舞 [2005-11-08]

A Psalm of Life《人生颂》 [2005-11-08]

英语短文：另一种爱 [2005-10-23]

英语散文：幸福之道 [2005-10-23]

美文：生命掌握在你自己手里 [2005-10-23]

英语散文：林中漫步 [2005-10-23]

英语散文：母爱的真谛 [2005-10-23]

英语诗歌：世界上最遥远的距离 [2005-10-23]

英语散文：吾之三愿 [2005-10-23]

英语美文：浪漫路曲曲折折 [2005-10-14]

英语美文-我们这个时代的尴尬 [2005-10-14]

英语美文：美丽的微笑与爱心 [2005-10-14]

英语美文：超越卓越的你 [2005-10-14]

犹太女孩谱写别样《神曲》 [2005-10-14]

英语美文：生活的忠告 [2005-10-14]

英语美文-你所记得的一切 [2005-10-14]

英语散文-母亲永远成不了父亲 [2005-10-14]

英语散文：说出心里话 [2005-10-14]

英文美文：幸福快乐就好 [2005-10-14]

英语散文-如果世界是个一百人的村落 [2005-10-14]

英语美文-孩子的守护天使 [2005-10-14]

英语美文：Those Childhood Days [2005-10-14]

英语美文：从不说他做不到 [2005-10-14]

英语散文：爱情的见证 [2005-10-14]

英语诗歌：Spring(春天) [2005-10-14]

Beautiful Smile and Love [2005-08-01]

英语歌曲FlashMy Love [2005-06-30]

英语美文欣赏 - 青春(Youth) [2005-05-09]

英语好文欣赏 -- Virtue 美德 [2005-03-29]

英语美文:Rush 匆匆--朱自清 [2005-03-29]

英语绝句欣赏 [2005-03-29]

看看，这些都不错

http://wwwmapleskynet/data/2005/0619/special_16htm

任何文学形式在其起源与发展过程中，都会派生出各种不同种类，各种类间难免或相互抵毁或相护影响或相互结合。文学形式还受社会、政治、宗教和文学运动的影响。站在二十世纪这一有利地势回首，文学史学家领我们辨识，按叙述方式、语气和风格分类，散文的两大较为清晰的倾向，较为随意的文体（primarily informal）和较为正式的文体（primarily formal），都来自其原始起源——观察性评论（observations）。较为随意的文体包括个性散文（Personal Essay 或称 Familliar Essay），性格特写（Characters），描写散文（Descriptive Essay）。较为正式的文体包括批评散文（Critical Essay），科学散文（Scientific Essay），哲学或思辨散文（Philosophical Essay 或称 Reflective Essay）。

　观察性评论 （Observations）是现代散文的雏形，它以谚语、格言、警句或日记和日志的形式，就人、物、事件、自然现象、书藉、艺术作品、个人经历、风俗习惯和思维方式等，作单纯的观察性评论；或以某一个思想或情绪为主线，串联出一个相关的整体。

　较为随意文体（primarily informal）随意文体之一的个性散文展示作家的个性魅力，作家以自己具体的经历表现感情、智慧和精神。

　培根和艾迪生虽然也能算在个性散文的范畴之列，但他们的散文显然在精神、目的和风格上与兰姆和哈兹里特的散文炯然有异。培根基本上是“智慧型”作品的继续——对生活行为的格言式忠告。艾迪生的“报章散文”（Periodical Essay）（他与人合办《闲话报》和《观察家报》，并亲自为这两张报纸撰写了三百多篇散文），个性痕迹不深，他的众多作品，读者常常很难一眼读出作者。但读兰姆就如和一个熟识的老朋友在聊天，他以伊利亚为笔名给《伦敦杂志》撰写了许多散文，后结集《伊利亚随笔集》出版，文中称自己是伊利亚，姐姐玛丽为表姐布里奇特，但明眼的读者一眼便读出那是作者自己朴素寻常的生活，深刻的情感体验。

　个性散文的亲近感并不完全始于兰姆，我们在一些十七世纪作家，如威廉•坦普尔（Sir William Temple ）和塞缪尔•佩皮斯 （Samuel Pepys）的作品中已能找到它的基本特征，比如佩皮斯的“日记”，虽本不是写给读者，虽以不成形的日常条目写就，但它已较圆满地体现了个性散文的精神。

　十八世纪的报章杂志，通过玛丽夫人（Lady Mary），沃特利•蒙塔古（Wortley Montagu），切斯特菲尔德爵士（ Lord Chesterfield），霍勒斯•沃波尔（ Horace Walpole） 等富有个性的书信促进了个性散文的精神，为散文的传播与繁荣作出了特殊的贡献。

　十九世纪兰姆、哈兹里特和史蒂文森的出现，使个性散文的发展达到了高潮。这发展受很多因素的影响，比如个人主义时代的到来，比如杂志的流行需求更长、更个性化的文章，比如对蒙田兴趣的再度兴起，以及兰姆、哈兹里特这样的散文大家的出现，为大家提供了可资效仿的对象。兰姆的散文虽然在风格和方式上过于个性化，很难模仿，但他却是英国欢迎的散文家。蒙田之后整整一个世纪的哈兹里特，和蒙田一样，成了个性化散文的临摹对象，众多追随者和模仿者的楷模和灵感。

　性格特写是描写某一人物类型的短文。

　早在公元前四世纪古希腊哲学家亚里士多德的弟子泰弗拉斯托斯（Theophrastus）概述了人的28种德性，用典型的类型阐释了刻薄、贪婪、乡气、愚蠢等抽象概念。1592年一位学者将这些“性格特写”从希腊文译成当时人们较为熟悉的拉丁文后，它们逐渐成为十七世纪英国“性格特写”者竟相模仿的对象。这些“性格特写”描述的对象没名没姓没个性，只是代表各种不同的品质或不同类型。

　在此之后的法国作家将这一概念深化和细化了，他们的人物有名有姓（虽然还带有希腊或拉丁名字的渊源，但已暗示出一些个性的东西），文中具体细节的描写，让人感觉这些人物即属于某一类型，同时也具有一定的真实性，富有一定的个性色彩。“Les Caracteres”（1688）在英国开始流传，并于1699年译成英文。

　十八世纪英国的报章杂志甚至给这类典型人物创造俱乐部，“性格特写”有了充分展示这些典型人物的空间。一开始这些俱乐部里的人物都很概念化，比如，参加《旁观者》（Spectator，斯梯尔和艾狄生在1711—1712年间出版的一种报纸）俱乐部的军官先特里上尉，商贾安德列•忽里波特爵士，乡绅罗杰•地•考夫来爵士，每一个人都具有一定的性格、仪态和独特的言语风格。但这没维持多久，罗杰•地•考夫来爵士很快超出了给他预定的范围，成了文学中最可爱的人物之一。性格特写运动除散文之外，在小说、戏剧和部分诗歌中也得以继续。十八世纪的文学专注于人物类型描写，这些类型，很多因为塑造得形象深动而成了英语语言中秀的艺术创造，比如托比叔叔（Uncle Toby，十八世纪英国小说家L 斯特恩的小说《项狄传》中人物），帕森•亚当斯（Parson Adams，H 菲尔丁小说《约瑟夫•安德鲁斯》人物）和普里木罗斯博士（Dr Primrose，O 哥尔德斯密斯小说《威克菲尔德的牧师》中人物）。

　描写散文（Descriptive Essay）指作家对外部世界精彩的个性化描写，它往往不仅仅是单纯的写景文字，它更融注了作者的个人情怀，情景交融，物我合一。比如，艾迪生的《西敏寺漫游》、艾丽丝•梅内尔的《七月》。

　较为正式文体（Primarily Formal） 正式文体一说似乎与散文这一形式自相矛盾，因为散文的基本特征就在它的随意与自由。

　然而区别只是程度上的，不是类别上的，较为正式的散文不是另外一种形式的作品，只是与个性化散文相比，少了一点主观，少了一点随意，多了一点更纯粹的阐释与说明。他对生活的批评性审视多于对生活的个性反应。批评性散文通过仔细审读文学，传记与历史散文通过公正评价人物与事件， 科学散文通过呈现科学观察结果，哲学和思辨散文通过洞悉世事、呈现思想结晶，尽情展示这一文体的风采。

　写较为正式文体的散文家也许会评价自己最喜欢的诗人， 他通常以较为谨慎的评家之态而非澎湃的狂热者身份发言。吴尔夫称自己收了很多这类散文的《普通读者》是“一本并非专业性的评论著作；只是从一个作家的角度，而非从一个学者或批评家的角度，来谈一谈自己偶然读到的某些人物传记和作品。作为一个小说家，我自然常常会对某一本书发生兴趣，但我也常常为了自娱而随意读一读、写一写，并不想建立什么理论体系。”早在《旁观者》和《漫谈者》（ Rambler，塞缪尔•约翰逊在1750—52年间主编的一种杂志）里，比较复杂的批评性和哲学性散文就已开始出现。十九世纪的批评性评论使得这一文体得以充分发展。这是一个人们对宗教信仰开始质疑的时代，约翰•亨利•纽曼（John Henry Newman） 和马修•阿诺德（Matthew Arnold）有关神学的作品对此尽有表述；这是一个科学发展的时期，托马斯•亨利•赫胥黎（Thomas Henry Huxley）的散文让科学也充满了文彩；这是一个文学动荡、个性发扬的阶段，浪漫派反击正统派，倡导文学评价新标准；这是一个充满社会和经济变革的时代，政府、教育、社会制度、公共伦理，人们渴盼新理论新思想的出现。正式散文如鱼得水，尽情畅抒己见，表述究竟，它不再仅仅局限于个人感受的交流，它开始关注大是大非问题的阐述和论战，比如马修•阿诺德的《英国民族的精神》，托马斯•亨利•赫胥黎的《开明教育》。

　想了解文学的“现代”特征吗？你在众多作家的文学散文中一定能找到它的阐释。

　和培根时代一样，现代散文关注人，关注人的外延行为与内省心灵，无论其风格上是随意的个性化还是正式的阐释式。