洛蒂勃朗特《简·爱 》的作者出生于1816年英国约克郡索恩托镇的牧师家庭,排行第三,前面有两个姐姐,后面有两个妹妹和一个弟弟。姐弟妹共6个。由于自小失去母亲,父亲因为经济与精力两不俱足,便不得不把夏洛蒂和她的两个姐姐及弟弟,送进由慈善机构创办的寄宿学校。那里的环境和生活条件很差,加上创办人苛刻的管束和严厉的处罚,冻饿和体罚便成了孩子们惯常的生活。不久,肺病夺去了两个姐姐的生命,父亲赶紧让夏洛蒂和弟弟逃离死亡的魔窟,返回家中。
1831年夏洛蒂进入罗赫德寄宿学校,这里的情况截然不同,夏洛蒂不但学业上很有长进,而且日子也过得十分愉快。虽然只呆了一年零四个月,但这儿温馨的生活给她留下了难忘的印象。
后来夏洛蒂在1835年返回罗赫德任教,两个妹妹跟随读书,抵去部分酬金,三年后离去。1838至1842年她与妹妹们辗转各地,以家庭教师为生。但因为这一职业地位低下,薪金微薄。又使姐妹们天各一方,难以相聚;她们便毅然放弃,决心自己创办学校。经过种种努力虽然它们热衷于办学,并做了种种准备,但最后依然没有成功。而这时父亲病倒了,颇有才气的弟弟染上了酗酒和吸毒的恶习,沦为废人。而家庭经济的重压越来越大,于是就在这种极度困难的情况下,夏洛蒂和妹妹们开始了写作。
她们姐妹三人经常在聚在一起,如饥如渴的读书,绘画和写作。书本开启了她们的心扉,提高了她们的学养;多难的生活使她们早熟,善于洞察世情;独特的经验为创作提供了充足的源泉;于是当她们的创作热情喷薄而出的时候,世界文学史上便奇迹似的在同一年,同一个家庭诞生了三部传世之作;夏洛蒂的《简·爱 》,艾米莉的《呼啸山庄》和安妮的《阿格尼斯·格雷》。
除《简·爱 》外,夏洛蒂还创作了《雪莉》,《维莱特》,《教师》,这些都是她之后的作品虽然评价都很不错但都不及《简·爱 》的影响力大。
She walks in beauty,like the night,Of cloudless climes and starry skies。
她走在美的光彩中,如夜晚皎洁无云而且繁星漫天。
And all that's best of dark and bright,Meet in her aspect and her eyes。
明与暗的最美妙的色泽,在她的仪容和秋波里呈现。
Thus mellow'd to that tender light,Which heaven to gaudy day denies。
耀目的白日只嫌光线过强,它比那光亮柔和且幽暗。
One shade the more,one ray the less,Had half impair'd the nameless grace。
增一分影,减一线光,就会损害这难言的美。
Which waves in every raven tress,Or softly lightens o'er her face。
美波动在她乌黑的发上,轻轻悄悄地照亮她的脸。
Where thoughts serenely sweet express,How pure,how dear their dwelling-place。
在那脸庞,恬静的思绪,指明它的来处,纯洁且珍贵。
And on that cheek,and o'er that brow,So soft,so calm,yet eloquent。
于脸颊处,置眉宇间,如此温和,平静,而又脉脉含情。
The smiles that win,the tints that glow,But tell of days in goodness spent。
那迷人的微笑,那容颜的光彩,都在诉说着那美好的善良。
A mind at peace with all below,A heart whose love is innocent。
一种精神安于世间的一切,一颗心中爱慕永远的无邪。
扩展资料;
《在美丽的光辉中》,是拜伦的诗,他是19世纪初英国伟大的浪漫主义诗人。他的代表作有《哈罗德游记》、《唐璜》等。在他的诗歌中,他创造了一群“拜伦英雄”。
拜伦不仅是一位伟大的诗人,而且是一位为自己的理想奋斗了一辈子的勇士。他积极勇敢地参加了革命,参加了希腊民族解放运动,并成为***之一。
拜伦是19世纪上半叶伟大的浪漫主义诗人,他强烈支持法国大革命后席卷整个欧洲的民主民族革命,并在一定程度上批判了资本主义社会的弊端。他是欧洲文学的一面光辉旗帜。恩格斯称赞他对现实世界的尖锐讽刺。
拜伦于1788年1月22日出生在英国一个破碎的贵族家庭。成年后,他正处于欧洲国家民主民族革命兴起的时代。他反对专制压迫,支持人民革命的民主思想。
20岁时,他出国旅行,先后去了许多国家。1811年回到中国。这次旅行使他看到了西班牙人民抗击拿破仑侵略军的英勇场面和希腊人民在土耳其奴役下的悲惨生活。《征途》中的长诗《哈罗德游记》震撼了欧洲的诗坛。
励志**:《风雨哈佛路》、《风云人物》 《十月天空》
风雨哈佛路
父母吸毒、8岁开始乞讨、15岁母亲死于艾滋病、父亲进入收容所、17岁开始用2年的时光学完高中4年课程,获得1996年纽约时报一等奖学金,进入哈佛学习,一个真实、努力女孩的人生经历、一段自强不息昂扬奋斗的生命历程,一曲励志向上的美国影片;托拉·伯奇演绎了一个女孩子克服种种不利条件、努力奋进的故事;细腻的情感刻画了人物;影片《风雨哈佛路》传递给人的除了心灵的震撼,还有深深的感动。
莉斯,一位生长在纽约的女孩。经历人生的艰辛和辛酸,凭借自己的努力,最终走进了最高学府——哈佛的殿堂。她的事迹足以让每个人动容。
拥有金色头发的女孩,童年在贫穷和饥饿中度过。莉斯生长在一个不幸的家庭,母亲吸毒染上了艾滋病而精神崩溃,父亲酗酒最后进入了收容所,外公又不肯收留她,她只好流浪街头。
不久,母亲去世了。
母亲吸毒死去那一天,只有棺木,连简单的葬礼仪式都没有。只想渴求父母亲情,这人世间最基本的愿望也成了奢望;棺木就要被下葬;她跳上了棺木,静静躺在上边,和她的母亲做最后的告别。她静静地在心里对母亲诉说,回忆人生最幸福的那一次点滴的幸福时光。母亲已经离她而去,世间最爱她的人已经离她而去。一个普通的弱小的女孩、不奢求其他,只渴望亲情围绕的弱小女孩,当她最后的一丝希望都破灭的时候,留给她的,除了伤心,只有伤心。
如果沉沦下去,她将会和母亲的结局一样悲惨;她决心告别,她要开始全新的生活。
她,用真诚最终争取到参加进入中学的考试权利。父亲作为她的上学的担保人,从收容所出来。办理完担保手续出来的时候,父亲对她说,好孩子,坚持学习,我不能成功了,但是你行的。望着父亲远去离开的背景,这个弱小的女孩坚定了信心,从容地走进了学校的大门。
她以非凡的毅力开始了刻苦的学习。17岁到19岁,两年的时光,她学习掌握了高中四年的课程,每门学科的成绩都在A以上。作为奖励,她以全学校第一的成绩和其他9名同学获得了免费到波士顿的哈佛大学参观的机会。
一个浓郁的秋季中,金**铺满整个季节。在写满辉煌的树下,一个女孩站在哈佛学府的门前,仰望。面对大学的殿堂,她决心实现她的又一个愿望——她要成为这所大学学府中的一员,她要证明给自己和世人看,人生其实可以改变。
人生其实真的可以改变,只要你努力,只要你付出。
1996年,上帝会让一个付出努力和艰辛的女孩收获喜悦;她的经历、她的真诚、她的论文深深打动每一位评委。10000美金的纽约时报一等奖学金,让她获得了进入哈佛的通行证——她成功了。梦寐以求的哈佛大学向她敞开了双臂。凭借着对信念的执着追求和对改变生活困境的强烈愿望,她实现了自己的诺言。
同样一个金色的季节,作为哈佛大学——世界最高的学府的一员,她安静坐在了校园的教室中。也许只有她自己明白,她实现了自己的诺言,一个贫穷苦难的女孩用她的执着信念和顽强的毅力改变了她自己,改变了她的人生。
下载地址:http://wwwverycdcom/topics/26169/
风云人物:
◎译 名 风云人物/美好人生
◎片 名 It's a Wonderful Life
◎年 代 1946 年
◎国 家 美国
◎类 别 剧情/家庭/幻想/爱情
◎语 言 英语/普通话
◎字 幕 英文/中文
◎IMDB评分 86/10 (70,064 votes) Top 250: #31
◎IMDB链接 http://wwwimdbcom/title/tt0038650
◎文件格式 X264 + AC3
◎视频尺寸 624 x 464
◎文件大小 3CD 3 X 49 X 15M
◎片 长 02:10:00
◎导 演 弗兰克·卡普拉 Frank Capra
◎主 演 詹姆斯·斯图尔特/詹姆斯·史都华 James Stewart George Bailey
唐娜·里德 Donna Reed Mary Hatch Bailey
莱昂内尔·巴里莫尔 Lionel Barrymore Henry F Potter
托马斯·米切尔 Thomas Mitchell Uncle Billy
亨利·特拉弗斯 Henry Travers Clarence
比拉·邦迪 Beulah Bondi Ma Bailey
弗兰克·费伦 Frank Faylen Ernie Bishop
沃德·邦德 Ward Bond Officer Bert
格洛丽娅·格雷厄姆 Gloria Grahame Violet Bick
HB Warner Mr Emil Gower
Frank Albertson Sam Wainwright
Todd Karns Harry Bailey
Samuel S Hinds Peter Bailey (Pa)
Mary Treen Cousin Tilly
Virginia Patton Ruth Dakin Bailey
Charles Williams Cousin Eustace
Sarah Edwards Mrs Hatch
William Edmunds Giuseppe Martini (as Bill Edmunds)
Lillian Randolph Annie
Argentina Brunetti Mrs Maria Martini
◎简 介
圣诞夜前夕,贝德福德镇的每一个人都在祈求上天去帮助调制·贝莱。人们的祈祷感动了上苍,一个还没有长出翅膀的天使被派去帮助乔治。在这位天是要实施帮助之前,他必须知道谁是乔治。在经过一番访查之后,原来乔治·贝莱就是出身在这个小镇的一个普通人,他梦想着有一天能够离开这里,在世界上留下一点痕迹。他的家庭的生活之源建立在这个小镇上好人和那个富有的吝啬鬼的表现之上。那个吝啬鬼喜欢从别人那里拿走东西而不顾别人的感情。就在乔治计划离开的时候,他的父亲去世了。乔治不得不接管父亲的生意,但他总是失败。于是乔治决定自杀。天使克拉伦斯知道这些以后,就化成人形试图说服他用自己的生命作一些事情,他的生活将会是精彩的……
一句话评论:
They're making memories tonight!
Wonderful! Wonderful! Wonderful! How could it be anything else
It's a wonderful laugh! It's a wonderful love!
They're going steadystraight to your heart!
本片的非凡之处在于能够经受住时间的考验,成为像《卡萨布兰卡》和《黑狱亡魂》一样的永恒经典。
——《芝加哥太阳时报》
值得收藏的经典之作。
——《首映杂志》
一部伟大的美国神话。
——APOLLO GUIDE
下载地址:http://wwwverycdcom/topics/226510/
十月天空
剧情简介:
在西弗吉尼亚的煤林地区,开采煤矿是当地所有人的生活中心。约翰希克曼(克里斯库珀),霍纳的父亲,经过了自己的努力,终于当上了监工,在当地建立了自己的地位和威信。约翰喜欢煤矿,因为这是整个地区存在的原因。如果没有人在那里发现煤矿,也就没有“ 煤林”这个地方。他是整个地区的中心人物,而他也希望霍纳和他兄弟吉姆来接班。
但是吉姆在学校里赢得了一个橄榄球奖学金而得以继续读书,霍纳也有自己的打算,他想走出来。他想走出“煤林”追寻自己的理想,他想当一个科学家,而他的父亲不理解。所以他们不断地发生矛盾。霍纳就在这种情况下成长,体会到了父亲的怒火、情人的爱恋、对兄弟的恨和对朋友的爱。
被火箭先驱沃纳冯伯劳恩激发了灵感,霍纳发明了他第一个火箭。他从小爆竹中取出火药放到了手电里,他以为这可以飞到三百英尺高,但是却在他母亲的小园子里爆炸了。但是他并不气馁,并召集了两个帮手:罗埃李(威廉李司考特)和欧德尔(查得林伯格),在当地的数学家昆庭(克里斯欧文)的帮助下,他设计并制作了一系列的火箭。霍纳自己不是数学天才,但昆庭是的;他不擅长收集,担欧德尔知道怎样搞到需要的材料;罗埃李更是交际大师,他能够引诱人们交出他们需要的东西。霍纳只有热情和信心,但是他给了他们所有人热情和信心。
他们的物理化学老师莉蕾(劳拉登)给他们找来了一本关于火箭方面的书,他们自学并将学到的用于他们的火箭。莉蕾利用她老师的身份教育鼓舞孩子们,特别是霍纳,让他认为自己可以成为自己想变成的人物。于是无论他遇到了什么困难,他都令人惊异地克服了。
在一系列的事故之后,他们在村外一个废弃的垃圾场建立了一个发射基地并命名为“煤林角”。他们第一个成功发射的火箭叫做“Auk一号”,Auk指一种不会飞行的鸟。火箭飞行了一条弧线并冲向煤矿,人们四散奔跑,最后火箭在霍纳父亲办公室附近坠毁了。这引起了他父亲的勃然大怒。霍纳意识到他的父亲对火箭和他所做的一切并不感兴趣。这使他非常悲哀、恼怒和沮丧。
虽然约翰希克曼认为他的儿子是在浪费精力,他的妻子埃尔西(娜塔莉卡娜迪)却鼓励儿子坚持,她愿意为孩子的梦想做任何事。而约翰希克曼更现实:不是每一个梦想都能够成为现实,不是每一个人都能够成为一个火箭专家,尤其是象西弗吉尼亚这样的地方,连火箭都没有怎么听说过。其实父亲是爱孩子的,但是由于孩子没有按父亲安排的成长而表现出这样的一面来。虽然他是个严厉的人,内心却不是。他认为研究火箭-这种他知道很少的东西-是愚蠢的,他不想让孩子在投入了这么多热情后对未知的结果可能表现出的伤心。
当他们的火箭飞得越来越高也越来越笔直后,孩子们成为了当地的知名人士。成群的人看他们发射火箭,他们从卖废旧物品、金属碎片和其他东西挣钱。到了最后,他们的火箭越飞越高,进入科学展览甚至赢得奖金似乎指日可待。这不仅成为他们的梦想,也成了整个地区的梦想。
1998年二月,霍纳希霍纳克曼从作为一个工程师美国航空航天局退休。
下载地址:http://wwwverycdcom/topics/31726/
西方传统节日简介
Easter(复活节)
Easter is a time of springtime festivals In Christian countries Easter is celebrated as the religious holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ, the son of God But the celebrations of Easter have many customs and legends that are pagan in origin and have nothing to do with Christianity
Traditions associated with the festival survive in the Easter rabbit, a symbol of fertility, and in colored Easter eggs, originally painted with bright colors to represent the sunlight of spring, and used in Easter-egg rolling contests or given as gifts
复活节是春季的节日。在信基督教的国家里,复活节是为纪念基督耶稣的复活而举行的宗教节日。但是复活节有许多习俗和传说的由来都是非宗教的,它们与基督教没有任何关系。与节日密切联系的一些传统有象复活节的野兔,它是作为繁殖生长的象征;还有复活节的彩蛋。最先是被绘以鲜亮的颜色来代表春天的阳光。这些彩蛋还可以用来玩滚彩蛋游戏比赛,或作为小礼物送人。
Thanksgiving(感恩节)
The first American Thanksgiving was celebrated in 1621, to commemorate the harvest reaped by the Plymouth Colony after a harsh winter In that year Governor William Bradford proclaimed a day of thanksgiving The colonists celebrated it as a traditional English harvest feast, to which they invited the local Wampanoag Indians
Days of thanksgiving were celebrated throughout the colonies after fall harvests All thirteen colonies did not, however, celebrate Thanksgiving at the same time until October 1777 George Washington was the first president to declare the holiday, in 1789
第一个美国人庆贺的感恩节在1621年,为了纪念普利茅斯殖民地的人民在经过一个歉收荒芜的冬季后迎来丰收。在那一年,州长William Bradford宣布那天作为感恩节。殖民者把它当成传统的英国丰收节日来庆贺,在当天,他们还邀请当地的印地安的万泊诺亚格人。感恩的节日延续了整个秋季的收获季节,但其他的十三个殖民地没有庆贺这个节日,直到1777年10月。乔治-华盛顿在1789年宣布把它定为节日,他也是第一位宣布感恩节的总统。
Valentine's Day(情 人 节)
The history of Valentine's Day -- and its patron saint -- is shrouded in mystery But we do know that February has long been a month of romance St Valentine's Day, as we know it today, contains vestiges of both Christian and ancient Roman tradition
So, who was Saint Valentine and how did he become associated with this ancient rite Today, the Catholic Church recognizes at least three different saints named Valentine or Valentinus, all of whom were martyred One legend contends that Valentine was a priest who served during the third century in Rome When Emperor Claudius II decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families, he outlawed marriage for young men -- his crop of potential soldiers Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret When Valentine's actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to death Other stories suggest that Valentine may have been killed for attempting to help Christians escape harsh Roman prisons where they were often beaten and tortured
According to one legend, Valentine actually sent the first 'valentine' greeting himself While in prison, it is believed that Valentine fell in love with a young girl -- who may have been his jailor's daughter -- who visited him during his confinement Before his death, it is alleged that he wrote her a letter, which he signed 'From your Valentine,' an expression that is still in use today Although the truth behind the Valentine legends is murky, the stories certainly emphasize his appeal as a sympathetic, heroic, and, most importantly, romantic figure It's no surprise that by the Middle Ages, Valentine was one of the most popular saints in England and France
情人节的历史充满了神秘,但是我们知道,很久以来,2月就是一个浪漫的月份了。情人节既留有基督教的痕迹,又有古罗马的传统。情人节又称圣瓦伦丁节。关于情人节有好多传说。其中之一是,3世纪的时候,古罗马的皇帝Claudius二世认为独身的男子比有妻子、家庭的男子更善于打仗,于是他宣布婚姻是非法的,这也断绝了士兵的来源。牧师Valentine意识到这条法令的谬误,就公开反对,并且秘密为青年人主持婚礼。Claudius二世知道后就把Valentine处死了。
Fathers' Day(父 亲 节)
In the 1900s, Fathers’ Day was created when Sonora Louise Smart Dodd wanted to express her deep appreciation to her own father, William Smart, who was widowed when his wife died at giving birth Mr Smart raised his six children on a rural farm in eastern Washington State When Ms Dodd was grown she wanted to show her appreciation to her father So, in 1909, she proposed a day to honor her father in June (the month of her father's birth)
The very first Fathers' Day followed on June 19, 1910 in Spokane, Washington In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge showed support of this becoming a national holiday However, it wasn't until 1966 when President Lyndon Johnson officially proclaimed Fathers' Day a national holiday to be celebrated on the 3rd Sunday of June
二十世纪初,苏娜·路易丝·史墨·多德想要向他的父亲威廉·史墨表达敬意,于是产生了父亲节。她父亲在他妻子难产而死以后,就一直鳏居。史墨先生在东华盛顿州的农庄中独力抚养大六个孩子。当多德女士长大成人后,她觉得要向父亲致敬。于是,在1909年她提议在六月里一天向父亲表达敬意。(她父亲在六月生日)。第一个父亲节在1910年6月19日在华盛顿,史布肯庆祝了。1924年,卡文·柯立芝总统表示支持,并将此确立为国家的节日。然而,直到1966年,林顿·约翰逊总统才正式宣布六月的第三个星期天为父亲节,在全国正式地庆祝。
Mothers’ Day(母亲节)
The earliest Mother’s Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor of Rhea, the Mother of the Gods During the 1600's, England celebrated a day called "Mothering Sunday" Celebrated on the 4th Sunday of Lent In the United States Mother’s Day was first suggested in 1872 by Julia Ward Howe as a day dedicated to peace By 1911 Mother's Day was celebrated in almost every state
While many countries of the world celebrate their own Mother’s Day at different times throughout the year, there are some countries such as Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium which also celebrate Mother’s Day on the second Sunday of May
最早的母亲节庆祝可以追溯到古希腊的春天庆典,纪念众神之母尤希。在17世纪,英国在四旬斋的第四个星期天庆祝一个称为“母亲周日”的节日。在美国,母亲节最早在1872年,由朱丽娅·沃得·郝提出,作为一个关注和平的节日。到1911年,几乎所有的州都庆祝母亲节。
虽然世界各国的母亲节在不同的时间,很多国家,如丹麦,芬兰,意大利,土耳其,澳大利亚和比利时都在五月的第二个星期天庆祝母亲节。
(注:《圣经·新约》中一个魔鬼试探耶稣的故事。说的是魔鬼把耶稣困在旷野里,40天没有给耶稣吃东西,耶稣虽然饥饿,却没有接受魔鬼的诱惑。后来,为了纪念耶稣在这40天中的荒野禁食,信徒们就把每年复活节前的40天时间作为自己斋戒及忏悔的日子,叫做大斋节或者四旬斋(Lent)。据说,古希腊和古罗马的木神节、酒神节都是它的前身。这40天中,人们不能食肉,娱乐,生活肃穆沉闷,所以在斋期开始前的一周或半周内,人们会专门举行宴会、舞会、纵情欢乐。后来,这样的一个日子逐渐演变成为一个宗教习俗节日,拉丁语中叫做“Carnevale”,意思就是:“告别肉食”。Carnevale在英文中被译作Carnival(嘉年华或狂欢节)。如今已没有多少人坚守大斋期之类的清规戒律,但传统的狂欢活动却保留了下来,成为人们一个重要节日。)
Boxing Day(礼盒节)
In England a long time ago…
Servants were required to work on Christmas They were responsible for making the holiday run smoothly for wealthy landowners They were allowed to take leave on December 26th and visit their families The employers gave each servant a box containing gifts and bonuses In addition, around the 800s' churches opened their alms boxes (boxes where people place monetary donations) and distributed the contents to poor
In England today…
Few people have servants but the custom of giving gifts or money to those who provide service continues It is also popular to visit grandparents and shop (the after Christmas discounts begin) Many people get the day off from work Boxing Day is also celebrated in places where the English have settled like Australia, New Zealand and Canada Our friends in Scotland tell us it is also celebrate there! Some places observe Boxing Day on December 26th and some celebrate it on the first weekday following Christmas, so, if Christmas falls on Friday or Saturday Boxing Day would be on the following Monday
Now, the actual origin of this holiday is debatable and has been debated, one idea being more popular than the other at a given time
以前,由于佣人们必须在圣诞节工作,所以他们被允许在节后的第一天休假。雇主们日久成习,往往准备一些礼盒,在佣人们回家之前送给他们。到了今天,拥有仆人的家庭已经稀罕得很。不过给服务行业的人赠送礼物的习惯还在继续。
Halloween(万圣节前夜)
Halloween is an annual celebration The word itself, "Halloween," actually has its origins in the Catholic Church November 1, "All Hollows Day" (or "All Saints Day"), is a Catholic day of observance in honor of saints One story says that, on that day, the disembodied spirits of all those who had died throughout the preceding year would come back in search of living bodies to possess for the next year It was believed to be their only hope for the afterlife The Celts believed all laws of space and time were suspended during this time, allowing the spirit world to intermingle with the living
Naturally, the still-living did not want to be possessed So on the night of October 31, villagers would extinguish the fires in their homes, to make them cold and undesirable They would then dress up in all manner of ghoulish costumes and noisily paraded around the neighborhood, being as destructive as possible in order to frighten away spirits looking for bodies to possess
So, although some cults may have adopted Halloween as their favorite "holiday," the day itself did not grow out of evil practices It grew out of the rituals of Celts celebrating a new year, and out of Medieval prayer rituals of Europeans And today, even many churches have Halloween parties or pumpkin carving events for the kids
Halloween这个词本身来源于天主教 11月1日, "All Hollows Day" (or "All Saints Day"),称为万圣节, 是用于举行仪式尊敬圣人的天主教日其中有一种说法是, 在那一天, 那些先前死去的还在飘浮的灵魂会回来为来年的复生找一些活人来附体 他们认为这是转世的唯一希望 教徒们深信这段时间内所有的时间及空间都是被悬浮的, 以便于让灵魂世界与我们的生活空间相混合 活着的人自然不想被附身,所以10月30日的晚上, 村民会熄灭家中的火焰, 把家里弄得很冷,没人想来 他们还会穿上各类象鬼一样的服装上街大声的, 尽可能的搞些破坏来吓走那些想找人附体的鬼魂。因此, 尽管部分信徒可能已接受万圣节前夕为他们最喜爱的节日, 但这一天本身并不是来源于邪恶的惯例,而是由于凯尔特人庆祝新年和中世纪欧洲人的祈祷仪式 今天, 甚至在很多教堂都会举行万圣节前夕晚会或让孩子们雕刻南瓜灯笼,到各家敲门玩TRICK OR TREAT的游戏。
April Fool's Day(愚人节)
Unlike most of the other nonfoolish holidays, the history of April Fool's Day, sometimes called All Fool's Day, is not totally clear There really wasn't a "first April Fool's Day" that can be pinpointed on the calendar Some believe it sort of evolved simultaneously in several cultures at the same time, from celebrations involving the first day of spring
The closest point in time that can be identified as the beginning of this tradition was in 1582, in France Prior to that year, the New Year was celebrated for eight days, beginning on March 25 The celebration culminated on April 1 With the reform of the calendar under Charles IX, the Gregorian Calendar was introduced, and New Year's Day was moved to January 1
However, in the days when news traveled by foot, many people did not receive the news for several years Others, the more obstinate crowd, refused to accept the new calendar and continued to celebrate the New Year on April 1 These backward folk were labeled as "fools" by the general populace They were subject to some ridicule, and were often sent on "fools errands" or were made the butt of other practical jokes
1582年之前的法国,人们从3月25日开始庆祝新年,4月1日达到高潮。后来历法改革,新年移到1月1日。然而在那个资讯很落后的年代,消息传播是蜗牛速度。而且有些顽固人拒绝新的历法,仍然在4月1日庆贺新年。其他的老百姓就把那些顽固的人称为“傻瓜”,并且让他们做些愚蠢的事情来取笑他们。
(以下补充的是美国的节日)
HOLIDAYS IN THE UNITED STATES
There are three types of holidays in the United States: political holidays, traditional holidays, and religious holidays There are more political holidays than any other type The most important political holiday is Independence Day, the fourth of July On this day we celebrate our independence from Great Britain Most people spend the day with their family and friends Picnics and barbecues are very popular In addition, almost every city and town has a fireworks display at night Another very important political holiday is Memorial Day, which falls on the last weekend in May On this holiday we commemorate all the soldiers who died for our country Many towns and cities have parades, and some people go to cemeteries and put flowers or flags on the soldiers’ graves A third important political holiday is Labor Day, which we celebrate on the first Monday in September This is the day when we honor the workers of the United States People watch parades, go on picnics, or go to the beach For students, Labor Day is a bittersweet holiday, because when it is over they must begin school again Besides these three political holidays, we also must begin school again Besides these three political holidays, we also celebrate Presidents’ Day on the third Monday in February On this day we commemorate the birthdays of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln
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