请问"宇宙"一词的英文是什么?

metagalaxy

[5metE7^AlEksi]

n

天总星系, 宇宙

universe

[5ju:nivE:s]

n

宇宙; 万有; 天地万物

世界; 全人类

天恒星 与星辰系; 银河系

思想等的体系、范围等

Our world is but a small part of the universe

我们的世界只是宇宙的一小部分。

biological universe

生物界

closed universe

闭宇宙

Einstein universe

爱因斯坦宇宙

Einstein static universe

爱因斯坦静止宇宙

expanding universe

膨胀宇宙

finite universe

有限全域

Friedmann universe

弗里德曼宇宙

hypothetical universe

假设总体

infinite universe

无限全域

island universe

岛宇宙

isotropic universe

各向同性宇宙

Lemaitre universe

勒梅特宇宙

material universe

物质界

Minkowski universe

闵可夫斯基宇宙

open universe

开宇宙

static universe

静止宇宙

statistical universe

统计全域

universe of discourse

论域

Universe

Where do we e from How did the universe beginWhy is the universe the way it is How will it end

All my life, I have been fascinated by the big questions that face us, and have tried to find scientific answers to themIf, like me, you have looked at the stars, and tried to make sense of what you see, you too have started to wonder what makes the universe exist The questions are clear, and deceptively simple But the answers have always seemed well beyond our reach Until nOW

The ideas which had grown over two thousand years of observation have had to be radically re-

vised In less than a hundred years, we have found a new way to think of ourselves From sitting at the center of the universe, we now find ourselves orbiting an average-sized sun, which is just one of millions of stars in our own Milky Way galaxy And our galaxy itself is just one of billions of galaxies, in a universe that is infinite and expanding But this is far from the end of a long history of inquiryHuge questions remain to be answered, before we can hope to have a plete picture of the universe we live in

I want you to share my excitement at the discoveries,past and present, which have revolutionized the way we think From the Big Bang to black holes, from dark matter to a possible Big Crunch, our image of the universe today is full of strange sounding ideas, and remarkable truths The story of how we arrived at this picture is the story of learning to understand what we see

宇宙

我们来自何方宇宙如何开始为什么宇宙是这样的它将如何结束

我一生都迷恋于我们所面临的这些大问题并试图找到他们科学的答案如果你曾像我一样观察过星星,想了解你看见的东西,你也已经对宇宙的起源产生了好奇这些问题很清楚,其简单却是假象问题的答案总是遥不可及直到现在

过去两千多年的观察所孕育出来的观点不得不更改一新在不到一百年的时间里,我们找到了审视我们自己的新方法过去我们自认为是宇宙的中心,现在发觉我们围绕一颗体积中等的太阳在转,而太阳只是银河系中数百万颗恒星中的一颗而我们的星系又只是数百万个星系中的一个,存在于无穷无尽、不断扩展的宇宙中但这远没有解决我们长久以来的疑问很多重大问题尚未得到解决,更别说要完全了解我们生活的宇宙的全貌

我希望你能分享我对过去及现在的发现的兴奋之情,因为这些发现改变了我们的思考方式从创世大爆炸到黑洞,从黑色物质到可能出现的大坍缩,我们今天的宇宙观充满前所未知的观点和引人注目的真知灼见我们形成这样的宇宙观的过程也就是我们学会理解耳闻目睹的一切的过程,11,

1 In 1961, scientists set up gigantic, sensitive apparatus to collect radio waves from the far reaches of space, hoping to discover in them some mathematical pattern indicating that the waves were sent out by other intelligent beings The first attempt failed: but someday the experiment may succeed

What reason is there to think that we may actually detect intelligent life in outer space To begin with, modern theories of the development of stars suggest that almost every star has some sort of family of planets So any star like our wan sun (and there are billions of such stars in the universe) is likely to have a planet situated at such a distance that it would receive about the same amount of radiation as the earth

Furthermore, such a planet would probably have the same general composition as our own; so, allowing a billion years or two — or three — there would be a very good chance for life to develop, if current theories of the origin of life are correct

But intelligent life Life that has reached the stage of being able to sent radio waves out into space in a deliberate pattern Our own planet may have been in existence for five billion years and may have had life on it for two billion, but it is only in the last fifty years that intelligent life capable of sending radio waves into space has lived on earth From this it might seem that even if there were no technical problems involved, the chance of receiving signals from any particular earth-type planet would be extremely small

This does not mean that intelligent life at our level does not exist somewhere There is such an unimaginable number of stars that, even at such miserable odds, it seems certain that there are million of intelligent life forms scattered through space The only trouble is, none may be within hailing distance of us Perhaps none ever will be; perhaps the appalling distances that separate us from our fellow denizens of this universe will forever remain too great to be conquered And yet it is conceivable that someday we may come across one of them or, frighteningly, one of them may come across us What would they be like, these extraterrestrial creatures

2 Tiny Tonga Launches Space Tourism Plan

The tiny poverty-stricken South Pacific state f Tonga has always had serious problems raising money, and so it has always been entrepreneurial It his sold Tongan passports to Hong Kong businessmen; it sold possible satellite broadcasting locations in space; it even officially changed to a different time zone to be the first country to welcome the new millennium1

Now Tonga’s latest money-making venture is a plan to become the world center of space tourism The Tonga government has made an agreement with a US company to allow it to use on of its 170 islands to launch rockets that will take tourists on week-long trips into space at a cost of US$2 million each2

For this price, space tourists receive 60 days’ training in a “resort setting”, followed by the holiday of a lifetime orbiting the Earth3 Two astronaut pilots and four astronaut tourists will make the trip However, skeptics say that these budgets are inadequate Although they predict that space tourism will eventually bring an income of US$10-20 billion a year, they calculate that the budget of $8 million per trip will not be enough to pay for the required technology

Comparison with the current space tourism programme suggests this maths may be accurate To ride the Russian Soyuz (the only tourist ride currently available) costs more than US$20 million per person However, other people, including one important ex-cosmonaut4, criticize the Russian government for raising money in this way, even though it uses the money for the space quota of space missions without achieving anything He also believes that these inexperienced tourists would e a danger in a difficult or life-threatening crisis in space5

3 Astronomy (天文学) is the oldest science known to manThousands of years ago man looked at the stars and wondered about the heavensBut man was limited (限制) by six planets that he could see with his eyes alone

The Greeks (希腊人) studied astronomy over 2,000 years agoThey could see the size, color, and brightness of a starThey could see its place in the skyThey watched the stars move as the seasons changedBut the Greeks had no tools to help themselves study the heavens

Each new tool added to the field of astronomy helped man reach out into space Until there were telescopes (望远镜), man knew a little about the moonHe did not know that the planet called Saturn (土星) had rings around itHis sight was so limited that he could not see all the planetsIn the early 1700s, people thought there were only six planetsPluto (冥王星), the last of nine planets to be discovered, was not seen until 1930

Before the spectroscope (分光镜), man did not know what kind of gases was in the sun or other starsWithout the radiotelescope (射电望远镜), we did not know that radio noises came from far in space

Today, astronomy is a growing scienceWe have learned more in the last fifty years than in the whole history of astronomy

无论大家对物理是否感兴趣，一定听说过《时间简史》，以及霍金如同**般的人生传奇。霍金被誉为现代最伟大的物理学家之一，他证明了广义相对论的奇性定理和黑洞面积定理，提出了黑洞蒸发理论和无边界的霍金宇宙模型，使物理学的发展迈向新的篇章。他的著作《时间简史》更是成为了科学著作的里程碑，被翻译成40种文字，销售了近1000万册。

霍金意气勃发的人生刚刚拉开序幕，却在21岁时患上肌肉萎缩性侧索硬化症，俗称渐冻症，全身瘫痪、不能言语，手部只有三根手指可以活动。当时医生曾诊断他只能再活两年，可他奇迹般地活了下来。此外，在1985年因穿气管手术，霍金被剥夺了语言能力，演讲和问答只能通过语音合成器来完成。

但命运的不公并没有让霍金从此消沉，他不仅克服种种困难继续沉浸于物理学的研究，更是保持了一颗乐观而积极的心。霍金曾在无数影视作品中客串，例如在大家熟悉的《生活大爆炸》第五季中本色出演自己、在《星际迷航：下一代》中与爱因斯坦和牛顿打桥牌，还曾在《辛普森一家》中为以自己为原型的角色配音。

致敬传奇！

希望孩子们从小对浩瀚星系，奇妙宇宙充满好奇心，将来能培养出更多为人类做出贡献的大师。

可是！！！————

“去天文馆科技馆要备的宇宙常用词汇在哪儿找呢？

由简到难，认识宇宙所需要的英文词汇有哪些？

真的有机会和宇航员一起用餐时，我们应该讨论点什么？

Earth 地球

moon 月亮

sun 太阳

star 恒星

planet 行星

Mercury 水星

Venus 金星

Mars 火星

Jupiter 木星

Saturn 土星

Uranus 天王星

Neptune 海王星

Pluto 冥王星

asteroid 小行星

comet 彗星

equator赤道

galaxy 星系

gravity重力

latitude 纬度

longitude经度

meteor 流星

meteorite陨星

nebula 星云

orbit轨道

revolution公转

satellite 卫星

solar system太阳系

shooting star 流星

space太空

spaceship 宇宙飞船

sphere天体,星

black hole 黑洞（大质量恒星因引力坍缩为一个没有体积的奇点，其周围逃逸速度大于光速的一个区域）

anthropic principle人择原理（我们看到的世界之所以是这个样子，是因为只有这样的世界能保证我们这样的观察者的存活）（）

annihilate湮灭（物质与反物质碰撞化为大量能量的过程）

antimatter反物质（与物质所带电荷，粒子自旋相反等性质的物质）

big bang宇宙大爆炸（宇宙从一个点膨胀到现在状态的理论）

gravitational collapse引力坍缩（巨大物质天体因无法抵抗自身引力而产生的坍缩）

dark matter暗物质（宇宙中可以被证明存在却无法直接观测到的物质）

event horizon事件视界（黑洞周围逃逸速度大于光速的区域，外界观察者无法获得内部任何信息）

special theory of relativity狭义相对论（爱因斯坦在惯性参考系中所描述的一系列时间，空间和质能关系）

general theory of relativity广义相对论（在狭义相对论的基础上引入弯曲时空，将参考系拓展为一切参考系）

grand unified theory (GUT)大统一理论（物理学家所追求的能够统一四种相互作用力的理论）

imaginary time虚时间（用虚数测量的时间）

light cone光锥（在最大光速内，一个事件在时间空间中所能影响并产生因果关系的范围，边界就是光速）

microwave background radiation 微波背景辐射（3K的背景辐射，是宇宙大爆炸的余温）

absolute zero绝对零度（理论上一切物质粒子的动能到达最低点的状态）

singularity奇点（在空间和时间曲率为无穷的一点，在这一点所有已知物理定律失效）

neutrino中微子（一种粒子，难以与其它物质发生作用，质量极小，运动速度接近光速）

neutron star中子星（中等质量恒星因引力坍缩，原子核被压力挤碎，电子与质子中和，只剩下中子的高密度星体）

white dwarf白矮星（小质量恒星因引力坍缩而成的体积小，密度高的星体）

quantum量子（一个物理量如果存在最小的不可分割的基本单位,则这个物理量是量子化的,并把最小单位称为量子）

quantum mechanics量子力学（研究物质微观运动的力学）

uncertainty principle不确定性原理（观察者不可能同时知道一个粒子的速度与位置）

string theory弦理论（该理论认为物质的基本单元不是粒子而是细小的弦，涉及宇宙最基础的形态）

strong interaction强相互作用力（原子核中夸克之间的相互作用力，力程最短，强度最大）

weak interaction弱相互作用力（原子内部的另一种相互作用力，力程很短，强度较大）

electromagnetic force电磁力（电荷和电流在磁场中受力的通称，力程和强度中等）

gravitation万有引力（有质量的物体相互之间的吸引力，力程最远，强度最弱）

wormhole虫洞（理论上宇宙中连接不同空间甚至时间的通道）

Earth / E:W/ 地球

moon / mu:n/ 月亮

sun / sQn/ 太阳

star / sta:/ 星

planet / 5plAnit/ 行星

Venus / 5vi:nEs/ 金星

Jupiter / 5dVu:pitE/ 木星

Mercury / 5mE:kjuri/ 水星

Mars / ma:z/ 火星

Saturn / 5sAtE(:)n/ 土星

Uranus / 5jurEnEs/ 天王星

Neptune / 5neptju:n/ 海王星

Pluto / 5plu:tou/ 冥王星

constellation / kRnstE5leiFEn/ 星座

the Bull / / 金牛座

the Ram / / 白羊座

the Crab / / 巨蟹座

the Twins / / 双子座

the Scorpion / / 天蝎座

the Lion / / 狮子座

the Balance / / 天秤座

the Virgin / / 处女座

the Water Bearer / / 水瓶座

the Goat / / 山羊座

the Archer / / 人马座

the Fishes / / 双鱼座

asteroid / 5AstErRid/ 小行星

comet / 5kRmit/ 彗星

equator / i5kweitE/ 赤道

galaxy / 5gAlEksi/ 银河系

gravity / 5grAviti/ 重力

latitude / 5lAtitju:d/ 纬度

longitude / 5lRndVitju:d/ 经度

meteor / 5mi:tjE/ 流星

meteorite / 5mi:tjErait/ 陨星

nebula / 5nebjulE/ 星云

orbit / 5R:bit/ 轨道

revolution / revE5lu:FEn/ 公转

satellite / 5sAtElait/ 卫星

solar system / 5sEulE5sistim/ 太阳系

shooting star / / 流星

space / speis/ 太空

spaceship / 5speisFip/ 宇宙飞船

sphere / sfiE/ 天体，星

The universe is space,time,matter and energy,the unity of compositionAll space and time integratedA general understanding of the universe that we exist in a space-time continuous system,including during all of the material,energy and eventsThe universe according to the big bang model projections,the age of the universe is about 20000000000 years

中文意思是：宇宙空间,时间,物质和能量,所构成的统一体所有的时间和空间综合一般理解的宇宙,我们存在的一个时空连续系统,包括在所有的物质,能量和事件宇宙根据大爆炸模型预测,宇宙的年龄大约是20000000000年