英语四级阅读翻译

2009年北京高考英语阅读理解试题中文翻译

A篇 How I Turned to Be Optimistic

I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt’s house, and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America We were on the bus then I was crying, and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning

I do not remember myself crying for this reason again In fact, I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see—the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then

The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism, but the idea did not come to me at once For the first two years in New York I was really lost—having to study in three schools as a result of family moves I did not quite know what I was or what I should be Mother remarried, and things became even more complex for me Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other I was often sad, and saw no end to “the hard times ”

My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home I wrote letters, filled out forms, translated at interviews with Immigration officers, took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives

From my experiences I have learned one important rule: Almost all common troubles eventually go away! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy

我如何变得乐观

我开始长大，在那个冬季的晚上，当我的父母和我从我的姑姑家返回的时候，我的母亲说，我们可能不久将离开美国。我们当时在公共汽车上。我哭，有些在公共汽车上的人转过头看着我。我记得，我无法忍受再也听不到每天早上为小学生们播放的电台节目的思绪了。

我不记得自己再一次为这个原因哭泣了。事实上，我想当我告别我的朋友和亲戚我很少哭。当我们离开我曾经想要去看的所有的地方，那些只有从书上和上知道的奇异的，魔法的地方。我离开的国家几乎再也不会回到我的脑海中了。

4年来，所发生的事教我必须乐观，但这种想法不是立刻来找我的。头两年在纽约我真的失望了，忧郁家庭的搬家，我不得不换了三所学校读书。我并不很了解我是什么或者我应该做什么。母亲改嫁，事情对我来说变得更加复杂了。过一段时间之后，我的继父和我才习惯了对方。我常常难过，并认为“艰难的时期”遥遥无期。

我的责任在家庭中增加了很多，因为我知道的英文比家里的其他人要多。我写的信件，填写表格，在与入境处人员面试时翻译，带我的爷爷奶奶去看医生并且在那翻译，甚至与公司的代表讨论电话费。

以我的经验，我学到的一个重要的规则：几乎所有的普通麻烦最终都会消失！只要你没有放弃，好的结果最后肯定回到来，只要一点等待！我相信，我的生活结果将会是好的，尽管它不会那么容易。

B篇

Dear Friend

The recent success of children’s books has made the general public aware that there's a huge market out there

And there's a growing need for new writers trained to create the ＄3 billion worth of children's books bought each year……plus stories and articles needed by over 650 publishers of magazines for children and teenagers

Who are these needed writers They’re ordinary folks like you and me

But am I good enough

I was once where you might be now My thoughts of writing had been pushed down by self-doubt, and I didn't know where to turn for help

Then, I accepted a free offer from the Institute to test my writing aptitude（潜能）, and it turned out to be the inspiration I needed

The promise that paid off

The Institute made the same promise to me that they will make to you, if you show basic writing ability:

You will complete at least one manuscript（手稿）suitable to hand in to a publisher by the time you finish our course

I really didn't expect any publication before I finished the course, but that happened I sold three stories And I soon discovered that was not unusual at the Institute

Since graduation, I have authored 34 nationally published children's books and over 300 stories and articles

Free test and brochure

We offer a free aptitude test and will send you a copy of our brochure describing our recognized home-study courses on the basis of one-on-one training

Realize your writing dream today There's nothing sadder than a dream delayed until it fades forever

Sincerely

Kristi Holl, Instructor

Institute of Children's Literature

亲爱的朋友。

最近儿童读物的成功，使一般公众意识到，它有一个市场非常庞大的市场。

越来越有必要为新的作家培训，以创造每年价值30亿美元的儿童书籍购买 加上针对儿童和青少年的故事和文章所需要的650多出版商杂志。

谁是这些需要的作家？他们是像你和我的普通人。

但我就足够好了吗？

我曾经在您可能现在呆的地方。我写作的想法被自我怀疑压倒了，我不知道去哪里寻求帮助。

然后，我接受了来自于能够测试我写作潜能的组织免费提供的帮助。它结果成为了我需要灵感。

承诺得到了回报。

该组织所做出的对我的承诺同样将支付给你，如果你表现出基本的写作能力：您将至少有一个完整的适合你的手稿手，以便于在你完成我们的课程的时候能够交上来。

我真的没有想到我完成了课程之前会有任何出版，但它却发生了。我变卖了三个故事。我很快发现，在这个组织那并不是不寻常。

自毕业后，我已出版著作34个国家的儿童读物和超过300个故事和文章。

免费试用和小册子。

我们提供免费的能力倾向测试，并会向您发送了一份小册子来介绍我们公认的家庭学习课程，进行一对一的基础培训。

今天实现您的写作梦想。没有什么比一个梦想被耽搁更伤心的了，直到它消失永远。

此致。

克里斯蒂诺贝特霍尔，导师

儿童文学研究所

C 篇

How Room Designs Affect Our Work and Feelings

Architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors, But now scientists are giving this feelings an empirical（经验的, 实证的）basis They are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused, and lead to relaxation

Researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity In 2007, Joan Meyers-Levy at the University of Minnesota, reported that the height of a room’s ceiling affects how people to think Her research indicates that the higher callings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections Low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook

In addition to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupant’s ability to concentrate Nancy Wells and her colleagues at Cornell University found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention

Using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by C Kenneth Tanner, head of the School Design ＆Planning Laboratory at University of Georgia Tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots

Recent study on room lighting design suggests that dim（暗淡的）light helps people to loosen up If that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation Researchers of Harvard Medical School also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax

So far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings “We have a very limited number of studies, so we’re almost looking at the problem through a straw（吸管）, ”architect David Allison says “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them That’s what we're all struggling with ”

家具设计是如何影响我们工作和感情的

建筑师长久以来就感觉到我们生活的地方可能会影响我们的思想，感情和行为，但现在科学家正给予这种感情实证的基础。他们正在发掘如何设计促进创造力，使人们集中，并放松的空间。

研究表明，各方面的物质环境可以影响创造力。 2007年，琼迈耶斯，利维在美国明尼苏达大学的报告说，一个房间天花板的高度影响人们如何去思考。她的研究表明，更高的天花板鼓励人们更加自由的思考，这可能导致他们做出更多的抽象联想。低的天花板，另一方面，可能会激发更详细的展望。

此外，天花板的高度，所建筑物所提供的视野可能会影响到工作人员的注意力。南希井和她的同事发现，在康奈尔大学的研究，那些经历了在绿色方面大幅度提高的全家搬家的孩子们，在注意力的测试水平上有了巨大的提高。

运用天性去改善关注的焦点应该在学术上取得成功，它似乎是，根据由佐治亚大学负责学术设计与规划实验室的肯尼思唐纳领导的一项研究显示。唐纳和他的研究小组发现，距离窗子至少50英尺远的拥有畅通视野的教室学生比那些基本上忽视道路和停车场的学生在词汇、语言艺术和数学的测试上有更高的分数。

最近一项关于室内照明设计的研究表明，暗淡的灯光有助于人们放松。如果这大体上是真的，在晚宴或是聚会上保持低的光线可以增加放松。哈佛医学院的研究人员还发现，带有圆角边缘的家具可以帮助参观者放松。

迄今科学家们主要集中在公共建筑。 “我们有一个数量非常有限的研究，因此，我们看问题几乎是管中窥豹 ”建筑师大卫艾里森说。 “你怎么回答非常具体的问题，并把它们广泛的，普遍的运用呢？这就是我们都苦苦挣扎的事情。

D 篇

When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance ,the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority （优先） This view is shortsighted In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students

Music tells us who we are Because music is an expression_r of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions Music expresses our character and values It gives us identity as a society

Music provides a kind of perception（感知）that cannot be acquired any other way Science can explain how the sun rises and sets The arts explore emotive（情感的） meaning of the same phenomenon We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason: No one way can get it all

The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses

Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human The arts do Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love

So music education is far more necessary than people to realize

当学生和家长的要求根据重要性去评估学科，艺术就不可避免的排在了清单的底部。音乐很不错，人们似乎说，但并不重要。它往往被视为单纯的娱乐，但肯定不是优先教育。这种看法是短浅的。事实上，音乐教育对所有的学生是有益的、重要的。

音乐告诉我们我们是谁。因为音乐是一种人类表达方式，它反映了他们的思想和价值观，以及来自的社会环境。摇滚音乐就好像舒伯特的歌曲一样代表了一种生活方式。爵士影响了乔治格什温和其他音乐家引入到他们的音乐，这显然是美国人，因为它来自美国音乐的传统。音乐表达了我们的性格和价值观。它给予我们社会身份。

音乐提供了一种不能以任何其他方式获得的感知。科学可以解释为什么太阳升起和降落。艺术探索同样的现象情感的含义。我们需要一切可能的方式来发现和回应我们这个世界的一个简单而有力的理由是：没有一种方法可以得到这一切。

艺术是和数学和科学符号一样强大的作为沟通内容的思维形式。他们是我们人类相互“对话”的方式。他们是文明的语言，通过它我们可以表达我们的担心，我们的好奇心，我们的渴望，我们发现，我们的希望。

艺术我们思想和想象力形式的表达方式，以便于使它们能够与他人分享。一但我们没有给孩子一个重要表达自己如音乐的方式的机会，我们就剥夺了他们表达音乐的意译。

科学和技术并没有告诉我们什么是人权。艺术却做到了。音乐是一种表达我们人类苦难，庆祝活动，和平与爱的意义和价值的重要方式。

因此，音乐教育是人类更有必要去实行的。

E

Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at it best, it makes little environmental influence But with increasing numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness It is becoming more and more important to camp unobtrusively（不引人注目的）and leave no mark

Wild camping is not permitted in many places, particularly in crowded lowland Britain, Wherever you are, find out about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces, and contact them to find out their policy on camping and shelter building For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowner’s permission, except in national parks

Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors, experiencing bad weather, and making do without modern conveniences A busy, fully-equipped campsite（野营地）seems to go against this, so seek out smaller, more remote places with easy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches Better still, find a campsite with no road access: Walking in makes a real adventure

Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeing a good night’s sleep Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot When camping in woodland, avoid standing dead trees Which may fall on a windy night Avoid animal runs and caves, and possible homes of biting insects Make sure you have most protection on the windward side If you make a fire, do so downwind of your shelter Always consider what influence you might have on the nature word Avoid damaging plants A good campsite is found, not made-changing it should be unnecessary

野外露营是一种非常棒的方式体验到自然世界，并在最好，它引起很小的小环境影响。但是，随着越来越多的人想要逃避到旷野。不引人注目的露营正变得越来越重要的。并没有留下任何标记。

野外露营是不允许的，在许多地方，尤其是在拥挤的低地英国，无论身处何地，了解组织负责管理野生空间，并与他们联系，了解他们的政策，野营和住房建设。例如，它是野生罚款营在偏远地区的苏格兰，但在英格兰你必须问地主的同意，除了在国家公园。

露营是放松的，在外面睡觉，经历恶劣天气，并且没有现代方便的交通。一个繁忙的，设备齐全的野营地似乎违背这一点，所以寻找更小，更偏远的地方，方便的休憩用地，也许海滩。更好的是，找到一个营地，没有公路交通：行走于一个真正的冒险。

找到合适的位置营地是第一步，以保证良好的睡眠。选择一个隐私的营地和对他人和环境有最低影响。尝试使用一个明显之前有人露营过的地方，而不是建立一个新的位置。当在林地露营时，在一个大风夜晚，避免站在死树下。避免动物活动频繁的洞穴，和叮咬昆虫的窝。请确定您在迎风面上有最安全的保护。如果你生火，要在顺风的住房附近。总是要考虑到你对自然世界的影响。避免损害植物。发现一个很好的露营地，它应该是没有必要作出改变的。

请采纳。

　　摘 要：本文概述了多元智能理论，指出该理论对英语阅读教学的启示，探讨如何把多元智能理论运用到英语阅读教学中。　　关键词：多元智能理论 英语语音教学 应用　　1．引言

多元智能理论（Theory of Multiple Intelligence）是由美国哈佛大学的心理学教授加德纳提出的一种关于智能及其性质和结构的新理论。这一理论的提出引起了国内外教育界的广泛关注，许多专家学者展开了对多元智能理论的研究，以期能开发学生的智能。多元智能理论对培养高素质复合型的、适应经济发展需要的人才具有深远意义。本文将从多元智能理论的基本要素出发，就其对英语阅读教学的启示、应用作一初步探讨。

2．多元智能理论

在加德纳的多元智能理论框架中，人的智能结构至少有八种智能要素组成：（1）言语-语言智能；（2）逻辑-数理智能；（3）视觉-空间智能；（4）音乐-节奏智能；（5）身体-运动智能；（6）人际-交往智能；（7）个人反省智能；（8）自然观察智能。

3．对英语阅读教学的启示

传统的阅读教学是以教师为中心，单一的直接讲授，不但教学效果不好，也势必造成学生的片面发展。多元智能理论的有效运用为广大教师提供了教学的最佳途径。教师应该充分的认识到阅读教学是开发学生智能的有效手段之一，要更好地了解学生，发掘学生的潜能，在讲课过程中注重教学方法多样性，内容丰富多彩，语言生动活泼，使英语阅读教学走可持续发展之路。

4．在英语阅读教学中的应用

41言语-语言智能的应用

言语-语言智能指的是人对语言的掌握和灵活运用的能力。阅读教学的任务是培养学生的阅读能力，掌握阅读材料中所涉及的语言知识以及课文所涉及的文化背景知识，以掌握正确的阅读方法和技巧，提高阅读速度，是学生在阅读理解的准确度和深度上有所提升，这就要求教师在设计教学环节时，努力构建丰富的英语语言环境，以发挥和发展学生的语言智能。多元智能理论提醒广大教师在阅读教学中可以充分利用网络资源，选择一些能激起学生学习兴趣的语料帮助学生分析材料，培养学生独立思考的学习习惯。教师不仅要教会学生“学会”，还要教学生“会学”以挖掘学生的言语-语言技能。

42 逻辑-数理智能的应用

逻辑-数理智能指的是对逻辑结构关系的理解、推理、思维表达能力。英语阅读材料中逻辑推理判断题较为常见，开发学生的逻辑-数理智能可帮助他们更严密、精确系统地建构语言体系。教师可以选择专题来训练学生的逻辑推理能力，尽可能的超越语言的表层，即通过表面的语言形式来揭示隐含的语言与意识形态的关系。

43 视觉-空间智能的应用

视觉-空间智能指的是人对色彩、形状、空间位置等要素的准确感受和表达能力。这些要素决定了阅读教学不能走“读-讲-练”的单一路线，而是要向多维灵活性方向发展，教师可以采用、投影片、挂图、多媒体等形象化的工具辅助教学，这样有利于激活学生的视觉-空间智能。

44音乐-节奏智能的应用

音乐-节奏智能指人对音调、旋律、节奏的感受、辨别、记忆的能力及用音乐来表达情感及思想的能力。阅读教师应把音乐与教学有机地结合起来，把美妙的英文歌曲，最好是节奏舒缓、能愉悦课堂气氛的奥斯卡金曲引入课堂。音乐除了给人以美的享受外，可以让学生缓解压力，激发学能，积极主动地去分析问题解决问题，从而提高学习效率。

45身体-运动智能的应用

身体-运动智能指的是人的身体的协调、平衡能力以及表现为用身体、表达思想、情感的能力和动手的能力。传统的阅读教学模式仅限于教室内，以教师为主，先阅读材料，然后教师讲，学生听，学生容易感到单调、枯燥乏味。教师可以将教学材料戏剧化。把具有不同的智能优势的学生进行分类，大致可以分为语言表达能力较强的，逻辑思维较敏捷的，表演技能较高表现欲较强的，语音面貌较好的，人际关系随和的几大类。当然教师可以根据授课班级学生的特点有不同的分类。把不同智能优势的学生进行优化组合，实行小组成员负责制，把阅读材料当成剧本自排、自演。通过戏剧小品表演可以充分发挥学生的身体-运动智能优势使阅读教学戏剧化对提高教学质量十分有益。

46 人际交往智能的应用

人际-交往智能指的是能够有效地与他人交往合作，对他人的表情、说话、手势动作的敏感程度以及对比做出有效反应的能力。在上文中提到的小组成员编排演英语戏剧，这也是合作学习的方式之一。小组戏剧演的好与坏，“演员”演出激情的高与低与同学关系是否融洽，师生关系是否和谐有很大关系。直接可以影响到教师的教学效果，和学生的学习效果。所以说，教师要充分认识到人际关系在教学中的作用，使全体同学及师生之间处于和谐的教学氛围之中，让学生对阅读课产生浓厚的兴趣。

47 个人反省智能及自然观察智能的应用

个人反省智能指的是个体认识、洞察的内省自身的能力。阅读教学最终要经历技能训练，测试与反馈的各个环节。教师应开发学生自我反思、自我评价、自我认识的智能，使学生在学习中认识到自己的强项、弱点和错误，及时调整自己的学习计划，找到适合自己的学习方法。自然观察智能指的是人们辨别生物以及对自然世界与其他特征敏感的能力。加德纳认为，这种智能是逻辑-数理和视觉-空间智能的一部分。教师要擅于整合，综合运用，使学生的多元智能得到更好的发掘和利用。

5 结语

多元智能观与现代英语教学关系非常密切，可以借鉴并用于组织教学实现学生的全面发展，同时多元智能理论对英语教师提出更高的要求，教师要清楚地认识到各种智能对于学生的发展都很重要，处于同等的地位，没有优劣之分，教学中要全面培养与发展学生的多元智能。

参考文献：

[1] 霍华德 加德纳 多元智能[M] 沈致隆, 译 北京：新华出版社，1999

[2] 曾晓洁 多元智能理论教学新视野[J] 比较教育研究，2001（12）

[3] 秦小慧 多元智能理论与英语课堂教学[J] 现代交际，2010（8）

[4] 梁爱民， 周莉莉多元智能理论与多元化大学英语教学模式研究[J] 山东外语教学，2006( 5)

[5] 吉玲竹 多元智能理论与英语教学[J] 教学与管理(理论版)，2004（4）

[6] 李志颖，闫寒冰 多元智能理论与英语教学整合初探[J] 外语电化教学, 2002, (5)

作者简介：王克香（1981—），女，吉林省白山市人，通化师范学院外语学院教师，硕士研究生。

　练习：

　1The country says that the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country’s chip industry

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　2That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　3Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　4Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　5Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　6Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　7More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　答案与题解：

　1B　本题给出的信息是错误的。最后一段说到，如果新建的芯片中心能在改善该国在芯片行业的被动形势中起重要作用，该国认为：“ the US $14 million investment is still rather small”。

　2C　文章没有提供这方面的信息。

　3B　文章提到专利费较高，此句说较低，与原意不符。

　4A　本题给出的信息是正确的。第二段有这样一句话：Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes这就是选A的依据。

　5C　文章没有提供这方面的信息。

　6A　选A的依据是第三段第一句： mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years

　7B　本题给出的信息是错误的。第四段第二句说明，这些芯片工厂的技术主要是从日本和新加坡进口的。

　译文：微芯片研究中心成立

　为了开发先进的微芯片生产技术，这个远东国家建立了一个研究中心，该中心启动资金为一千四百万美元，可以帮助该国开发自己的芯片工业，不必总是依赖于进口技术。

　该中心将会应用自己的研究技术和设施，为本国芯片厂家开发新技术。这个国家名列首位的芯片制造公司说，芯片中心的成立可能使这个国家摆脱从他国购买即将淘汰的技术的困境。由于许多外国政府担心先进技术会被用于军事目的，不允许这个国家的芯片生产厂家进口前沿技术，所以这些生产厂家处于一种被动局面。另外，由于这些芯片生产厂家必须向技术提供者支付高额的许可费，这也构成了他们决定要自力更生的一个重要原因。

　由于主流芯片生产技术每隔 3～5年就要进行更新换代，所以掌握了新技术的厂家就可以以较低的成本制造出较好的芯片，而那些耗费数十亿美元建立起的厂家，如果设备落后，也将会被生产商所淘汰。

　几个芯片厂正在建立之中，每个厂的造价都在几百万美元，其中大部分资金都流向了海外设备商和技术所有者——主要是日本和新加坡。

　如果新建的芯片中心能在改变该国芯片行业的被动形势中起到重要作用，该国承认，一千四百万美元的投资仍是微不足道的。该国正在开发综合技术，大部分投资将用于与技术和知识产权所有者建立联盟。

　Text three

　The Biology of Music

　Humans use music as a powerful way to communicate It may also play an important role in love But what is music, and how does it work its magic Science does not yet have all the answers

　What are two things that make humans different from animals One is language, and the other is music It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people) However, the songs of animals, such as birds and whales, are very limited It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments 1

　Music is strange stuff It is clearly different from language However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions When music is combined with speech in a song, it is a very powerful form of communication But, biologically speaking, what is music

　If music is truly different from speech, then we should process music and language in different parts of the brain The scientific evidence suggests that this is true

　Sometimes people who suffer brain damage lose their ability to process language However, they don’t automatically lose their musical abilities For example, Vissarion Shebalin, a Russian composer，had a stroke in 1953 It injured the left side of his brain He could no longer speak or understand speech He could, however, still compose music until his death ten years later On the other hand，sometimes strokes cause people to lose their musical ability, but they can still speak and understand speech This shows that the brain processes music and language separately

　By studying the physical effects of music on the body，scientists have also learned a lot about how music influences the emotions But why does music have such a strong effect on us That is a harder question to answer Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College, London, thinks that music and love have a strong connection Music requires special talent, practice, and physical ability That’s why it may be a way of showing your fitness to be someone’s mate For example, singing in tune or playing a musical instrument requires fine muscular control You also need a good memory to remember the notes And playing or singing those notes correctly suggests that your hearing is in excellent condition Finally, when a man sings to the woman he loves (or vice versa)， it may be a way of showing off

　However, Miller’s theory still doesn’t explain why certain combinations of sounds influence our emotions so deeply For scientists，this is clearly an area that needs further research

　词汇：

　automatically 自动地

　note 音符

　stroke 中风

　注释：

　1It is also true that humans, not animals, have developed musical instruments：人研制出了乐器，而动物则不能。Develop：研制，例如：Scientists are developing new drugs to treat cancer科学家们正在研发新药用以治疗癌症。

　练习：

　1Humans, but not animals, can sing

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　2People can use music to communicate their emotions

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　3We use the same part of the brain for music and language

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　4Geoffery Miler has done research on music and emotions

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　5It’s hard for humans to compose music

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　6Memory is not an important part in singing in tune

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　7Scientists does not know all the answers about the effects of music on humans

　A　Right B　Wrong C　Not mentioned

　答案与题解：

　1B　第二段的第三句：It is true that some animals can sing (and many birds sing better than a lot of people)可以看出有些动物会唱歌，而不只人类会唱歌。

　2A　第三段的第三句：However, people can use music to communicate things — especially their emotions这句清楚表明，人们可以用音乐来表达情感。

　3B　第四段说明：科学证明人们用大脑的不同区域处理语言和音乐。在第五段，作者用Vissarion Shebalin的例子进一步说明人脑处理语言和音乐的位置不同，Shebalin中风以后不能讲话也听不懂别人的话，但他却能创作乐曲。

　4A　第六段的第四句：Geoffrey Miller, a researcher at University College，London，thinks that music and love have a strong connection这句说明Miller对音乐和爱(情感)的关系进行了研究，他得出的结论是：音乐和爱有密切的关联。

　5C　文中没有提及创作乐曲是否困难。

　6B　第六段有一句：You also need a good memory to remember the notes此句说明必须具备好的记忆力记音符才能唱得符合调子。

　7A　最后一段讲的是：科学家们需要做更多的研究才能解释为什么有些声音影响我们的情感会如此之深。也就是说，科学家不能全部解释音乐对人类的影响。

　译文：音乐生物学

　人们把音乐作为一种高效的交流方式，在爱情中它也可能会起到重要的作用。但是音乐是什么它又是如何起到神奇的效果科学界还没有给出答案。

　哪两项事物使得人类不同于动物一个是语言，另一个是音乐。当然一些动物会唱歌 (并且许多鸟唱得比很多人都好听) ，但是，动物的歌声是有限的，比如鸟类和鲸鱼。同样，是人类而不是动物开发出了乐器。

　音乐是个奇怪的东西，它与语言有明显的不同。但是，人们能够用音乐去传达——尤其是情感。当音乐与歌曲中的语言结合在一起的时候，它就是一种强有力的表达方式。但是，从生物学来讲，音乐是什么

　如果音乐与语言真的不同，那么我们应该在大脑的不同区域内对音乐和语言进行加工处理，科学证据也证实了这一点。

　有时，受过脑损伤的人会丧失他们处理语言的能力。但是，他们不会自动地丢失音乐才能。比如，维沙翁·舍巴林，一位苏联作曲家，在1953 年得了中风。他的大脑的左半边受到损害，他再也不能说话或是理解别人的话，但是他仍然能够谱曲，直到十年后他离开人世。另一方面，中风有时会使人们丧失音乐能力，但是他们仍然能够说话也能听懂别人的话。这就说明大脑是分别加了处理音乐和语言的。

　通过研究音乐在人身体上的物理效应，科学家也了解到许多关于音乐是如何影响情感的。但是，为什么音乐对我们有如此强烈的影响这是一个更难回答的问题。伦敦大学学院的研究员杰弗里·米勒认为音乐和爱有紧密的关，音乐需要特殊才能、练习和体能。这也许是一种方式让你展示你适合做某人的伴侣。比如，按调唱歌或者弹奏乐器需要有很好的肌肉控制力。你也需要有好的记忆力来记住音符。能正确地演奏或者唱出这些音符也证明你的听力也非常好。所以，当一个男人唱给他心爱的女人时(反之亦然) 音乐就可能成为一种展示的方式。

　然而，米勒的理论仍然不能解释为什么声音的特定结合可以深深地影响我们的情感。对于科学家来说，这显然是一个需要深入研究的领域。