忧伤的英语文章

忧伤的英语文章,第1张

伤感和怜悯是伟大的人类情感,无论什么时期,都不应当被我们遗弃——当你目睹各种有形无形的暴力正在发生时,你也会是那个伤感的人吗下面是我带来的,欢迎阅读!

1

To buy an hour from father-Samuel

向爸爸买一个小时

A man came home from work late, tired and irritated, to find his 5-year old son waiting for him at the door

一个人工作到很晚,带着疲惫与愤怒回到家里,却发现5岁大的儿子正在门口等他。

“Daddy, may I ask you a question”

“爸爸,我可以问你一个问题吗”

“Yeah sure, what is it” replied the man

“当然,什么问题”

“Daddy, how much do you make an hour”

“爸爸,你一个小时赚多少钱”

“That’s none of your business Why do you ask such a thing” the man said angrily

“这不关你的事。怎么问这样一个问题”父亲生气地说道。

“I just want to know Please tell me, how much do you make an hour” pleaded the little boy

“我只是想知道。请告诉我吧,你一个小时赚多少钱”小男孩乞求地说。

“If you must know, I make $20 an hour”

“真想知道就告诉你吧,我一小时赚20美元。”

“Oh,” the little boy replied, with his head down Looking up, he said, “Daddy, may I please borrow $10”

“噢,”男孩说著,低下了头。接着,他抬起头来问:“爸爸,我可以借你10美元钱吗”

The father was furious, “If the only reason you asked that is so you can borrow some money to buy a silly toy or some other nonsense, then you march yourself straight to your room and go to bed Think about why you are being so selfish I work hard every day for such childish behavior”

父亲生气了:“如果你问这个问题,只是为了借钱买无聊的玩具或其他没用的东西,那就赶紧回你的房间睡觉去。想想你怎么会这么自私。我每天工作这么辛苦,得到的竟是这样幼稚愚蠢的举动。”

The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door The man sat down and started to get even angrier about the little boy’s questions How dare he ask such questions only to get some money After about an hour or so, the man had calmed down, and started to think: Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $10 and he really didn’t ask for money very often

小男孩静静地走进自己的房间,关上了门。这个人坐下后,更加为这个男孩的问题生气了。这孩子怎么敢问这样的问题,就为了借些钱呢大约过了一个小时,他才平静下来了,开始想:也许他真的需要这10美元买什么东西呢,他并不是经常要钱花。

The man went to the door of the little boy’s room and opened the door

于是这个人走到小男孩的门口,打开了门。

“Are you asleep, son” He asked

“你睡了吗,孩子”他问。

“No daddy, I’m awake,” replied the boy

“没有呢,爸爸。我醒著,”男孩回答。

“I’ve been thinking, maybe I was too hard on you earlier,” said the man, “It’s been a long day and I took out my aggravation on you Here’s the $10you asked for”

“我在想,可能刚才我对你太严厉了,”父亲说,“经过漫长的一天,我把怒气都发到你身上了。这是你要的10美元。”

The little boy sat straight up, iling “Oh, thank you daddy!” He yelled Then, reaching under his pillow he pulled out some crumpled up bills The man, seeing that the boy already had money, started to get angry again The little boy slowly counted out his money, then looked up at his father

小男孩坐直了身子,笑了:“噢,谢谢爸爸!”他忍不住呼喊起来。接着,他伸手到枕头底下,拿出一把皱巴巴的钞票。看到男孩已经有钱了,父亲又忍不住要发火。小男孩慢慢地数着钱,然后抬头看着父亲。

“Why do you want more money if you already have some” the father grumbled

“既然你已经有钱了,为什么还要更多钱”父亲粗鲁地抱怨说。

“Because I didn’t have enough, but now I do,” the little boy replied “Daddy, I have $20 now Can I buy an hour of your time Please e home early tomorrow I would like to have dinner with you”

“因为我的钱不够,不过现在够了,”小男孩回答,“爸爸,我现在有20美元了,我可以买你一小时的时间吗请你明天早点下班,我想和你一起吃晚饭。”

2

写给女儿的信

The Letter for My daughter

16:写给女儿的信

Dear Malia and Sasha,

亲爱的马莉亚和莎夏:

I know that you've both had a lot of fun these last two years on the campaign trail, going to piics and parades and state fairs, eating all sorts of junk food your mother and I probably shouldn't have let you have

我知道这两年你们俩随我一路竞选都有过不少乐子,野餐、 、逛州博览会,吃了各种或许我和你妈不该让你们吃的垃圾食物。然而我也知道,你们俩和 日子,有时候并不惬意。

But I also know that it hasn't always been easy for you and Mom, and that as excited as you both are about that new puppy, it doesn't make up for all the time we've been apart

新来的小狗虽然令你们兴奋,却无法弥补我们不在一起的所有时光。

I know how much I've missed these past two years, and today I want to tell you a little more about why I decided to take our family on this journey

我明白这两年我错过的太多了,今天我要再向你们说说为何我决定带领我们一家走上这趟旅程。

When I was a young man, I thought life was all about me--about how I'd make my way in the world, bee successful, and get the things I want

当我还年轻的时候,我认为生活就该绕着我转:我如何在这世上得心应手,成功立业,得到我想要的。

But then the two of you came into my world with all your curiosity and mischief and those iles that never fail to fill my heart and light up my day And suddenly, all my big plans for myself didn't seem so important anymore

后来,你们俩进入了我的世界,带来的种种好奇、淘气和微笑,总能填满我的心,照亮我的日子。突然之间,我为自己谱写的伟大计划显得不再那么重要了。

I soon found that the greatest joy in my life was the joy I saw in yours And I realized that my own life wouldn't count for much unless I was able to ensure that you had every opportunity for happiness and fulfillment in yours

我很快便发现,我在你们生命中看到的快乐,就是我自己生命中最大的快乐。而我也同时体认到,如果我不能确保你们此生能够拥有追求幸福和自我实现的一切机会,我自己的生命也没多大价值。

In the end, girls, that's why I ran for President: because of what I want for you and for every child in this nation

总而言之,我的女儿,这就是我竞选总统的原因:我要让你们俩和这个国家的每一个孩子,都能拥有我想要给他们的东西。

I want all our children to go to schools worthy of their potential--schools that challenge them, inspire them, and instill in them a sense of wonder about the world around them

我要让所有儿童都在能够发掘他们潜能的学校就读;这些学校要能挑战他们,激励他们,并灌输他们对身处的这个世界的好奇心。

I want them to have the chance to go to college--even if their parents aren't rich And I want them to get good jobs: jobs that pay well and give them benefits like health care, jobs that let them spend time with their own kids and retire with dignity

我要他们有机会上大学,那怕他们的父母并不富有。而且我要他们能找到好的工作:薪酬高还附带健康保险的工作,让他们有时间陪孩子、并且能带着尊严退休的工作。

I want us to push the boundaries of discovery so that you'll live to see new technologies and inventions that improve our lives and make our planet cleaner and safer

我要大家向发现的极限挑战,让你在有生之年能够看见改善我们生活、使这个行星更干净、更安全的新科技和发明。

And I want us to push our own human boundaries to reach beyond the divides of race and region, gender and religion that keep us from seeing the best in each other

我也要大家向自己的人际界限挑战,跨越使我们看不到对方长处的种族、地域、性别和宗教樊篱。

Sometimes we have to send our young men and women into war and other dangerous situations to protect our country--but when we do, I want to make sure that it is only for a very good reason, that we try our best to settle our differences with others peacefully, and that we do everything possible to keep our servicemen and women safe

有时候为了保护我们的国家,我们不得不把青年男女派到战场或其它危险的地方,然而当我们这么做的时候,我要确保师出有名,我们尽了全力以和平方式化解与他人的争执,也想尽了一切办法保障男女官兵的安全。

And I want every child to understand that the blessings these brave Americans fight for are not free--that with the great privilege of being a citizen of this nation es great responsibility

我要每个孩子都明白,这些勇敢的美国人在战场上捍卫的福祉是无法平白得到的:在享有作为这个国家公民的伟大特权之际,重责大任也随之而来。

That was the lesson your grandmother tried to teach me when I was your age, reading me the opening lines of the Declaration of Independence and telling me about the men and women who marched for equality because they believed those words put to paper two centuries ago should mean something

这正是我在你们这年纪时,外婆想要教我的功课,她把独立宣言开头几行念给我听,告诉我有一些男女为了争取平等挺身而出 ,因为他们认为两个世纪前白纸黑字写下来的这些句子,不应只是空话。

She helped me understand that America is great not because it is perfect but because it can always be made better--and that the unfinished work of perfecting our union falls to each of us It's a charge we pass on to our children, ing closer with each new generation to what we know America should be

她让我了解到,美国所以伟大,不是因为它完美,而是因为我们可以不断让它变得更好,而让它更好的未竟工作,就落在我们每个人的身上。这是我们交给孩子们的责任,每过一代,美国就更接近我们的理想。

I hope both of you will take up that work, righting the wrongs that you see and working to give others the chances you've had

我希望你们俩都愿接下这个工作,看到不对的事要想办法改正,努力帮助别人获得你们有过的机会。

Not just because you have an obligation to give something back to this country that has given our family so much--although you do have that obligation

这并非只因国家给了我们一家这么多,你们也当有所回馈,虽然你们的确有这个义务,而是因为你们对自己负有义务。

But because you have an obligation to yourself Because it is only when you hitch your wagon to something larger than yourself that you will realize your true potential

因为,唯有在把你的马车套在更大的东西上时,你才会明白自己真正的潜能有多大。

These are the things I want for you--to grow up in a world with no limits on your dreams and no achievements beyond your reach, and to grow into passionate, mitted women who will help build that world

这些是我想要让你们得到的东西:在一个梦想不受限制、无事不能成就的世界中长大,长成具慈悲心、坚持理想,能帮忙打造这样一个世界的女性。

And I want every child to have the same chances to learn and dream and grow and thrive that you girls have That's why I've taken our family on this great adventure

我要每个孩子都有和你们一样的机会,去学习、梦想、成长、发展。这就是我带领我们一家展开这趟大冒险的原因。

I am so proud of both of you I love you more than you can ever know And I am grateful every day for your patience, poise, grace, and humor as we prepare to start our new life together in the White House

我深以你俩为荣,你们永远不会明白我有多爱你们,在我们准备一同在白宫开始新生活之际,我没有一天不为你们的忍耐、沉稳、明理和幽默而心存感激。

Love, Dad

爱你们的老爹

3

Memo From A Child To Parents

孩子给爸爸妈妈的备忘录

这是一份《美国幼儿园给家长的备忘录》,是老师以孩子的口吻,提醒父母对待孩子时的注意事项,用心阅读的家长和老师从中一定都会有所启示和收获,也许对你教育孩子以及每个成年人对待自己的成长经历与自我成长及对幼小心灵的认同有所帮助。

1 Don't spoil me I know quite well that I ought not to have all I ask for I'm only testing you

别溺爱我。我很清楚地知道,我不应该得到每一样我所要求的东西,我哭闹不休其实只是在试探你。

2 Don't be afraid to be firm with me I prefer it, it makes me feel secure

别害怕对我保持公正的态度,这样反倒让我有安全感。

3 Don't let me form bad habits I have to rely on you to detect them in the early stages

别让我养成坏习惯,在年幼的此刻,我得依靠你来判断和培养。

4 Don't make me feel aller than I am It only makes me behave stupidly "big"

别让我觉得自己比实际的我还渺小,这只会让我假装出一副和我实际年龄不符的傻样。

5 Don't correct me in front of people if you can help it I'll take much more notice if you talk quietly with me in private

可能的话,尽量不要在人前纠正我的错误,我会感到很没面子,进而和你作对。你私下提醒,效果会更好。

6 Don't make me feel that my mistakes are sins It upsets my sense of values

别让我觉得犯了错就是犯了罪,它会削弱我对人生的希望。

7 Don't protect me from consequences I need to learn the painful way sometimes

别过度保护我,怕我无法接受某些“后果”。很多时候,我需要经由痛苦的经历来学习。

8 Don't be too upset when I say "I hate you" Sometimes it isn't you I hate but your power to thwart me

当我说“我恨你”的时候别往心里去。我恨的绝对不是你,我恨的是你加在我身上的那些压力。

9 Don't take too much notice of my all ailments Sometimes they get me the attention I need

别太在意我的小病痛。有时,我只是想得到你的注意而已。

10 Don't nag If you do, I shall have to protect myself by appearing deaf

别对我唠叨不休,否则我会装聋作哑。

11 Don't forget that I cannot explain myself as well as I should like That is why I am not always accurate

我有时不能把事情解释得很清楚,会词不达意。这也是为什么我有时不能准确地表达自己。

12 Don't put me off when I ask questions If you do, you will find that I stop asking and seek my rmation elsewhere

当我问你问题的时候,请别敷衍我或者拒绝我。否则我将停止发问,转向它处寻求答案。

13 Don't be inconsistent That pletely confuses me and makes me lose faith in you

请别在管教原则上前后不一出尔反尔。这样会让我疑惑,进而失去对你的信任。

14 Don't tell me my fears are silly They are terribly real and you can do much to reassure me if you try to understand

我害怕的时候,不要觉得我很傻很可笑。如果你试着去了解,便会发现我当时有多恐惧。

15 Don't ever suggest that you are perfect or infallible It gives me too great a shock when I discover that you are neither

别对我暗示你永远正确、无懈可击。当我发现你并非如此的时候,对我将是一个多么大的打击。

16 Don't ever think that it is beneath your dignity to apologize to me An honest apology makes me feel surprisingly warm towards you

别认为向我道歉是没有尊严的事。一个诚恳的道歉,会让我和你更接近,更尊重你,感觉更温暖。

17 Don't forget I love experimenting I couldn't get along without it, so please put up with it

别忘记我喜欢亲自尝试,如果我不尝试就寸步难行,所以请你包容。

18 Don't forget how quickly I am growing up It must be very difficult for you to keep pace with me, but please do try

别忘了我很快就会长大,对你来说,和我一起成长是很不容易的事,但请你尝试一下吧。

19 Don't forget that I don't thrive without lots of love and understanding, but I don't need to tell you, do I

不要忘了离开了厚爱和理解我不会茁壮成长,但是,这一点我不需要提醒你吧

20 Please keep yourself fit and healthy I need you

请保持身体健康,因为我需要你。

1,语言上的差异:

中国文言文,成语,美国俚语的翻译。(甄嬛传翻译就是个例子)

2,历史文化的差异:

中国的典故。国外的故事。

3,思维模式,生活环境的不同:

中国式的美国式的造成读者不能深入理解

blabla1、对比:中译英,就像文言文的解释,只有古人知道其本身的意思,后来人理解各有千秋。

2、意境:不同地点不同情绪感情的植入,就生硬的汉字,没有情绪烘托,难以表达其真正的思想。

3、语气语调:无法做到情景交融,有些话需要心领神会。

4、文化差异:各个企业都有自己的企业文化,对于语言,没有相应的语言文化理念,难以清楚直接的表述。

5、地域差异:应用各地的方言,类比整个语言领域,不是互通最好,而是原汁原味,才能绽放没的光环。

6、习惯用法:知其然不知所以然,有些东西并不是懂就可以理解了。一、英汉动物词汇的联想意义比较及翻译

英汉动物词汇的联想意义比较及翻自然界里的动物种类繁多,动物作为一个客观存在的生物,其本质对任何一个民族都是一样的。但不同民族的人们对动物的感觉有着极大的不同,也就是说人们在对待动物这一客体事物时,总会寄予自己各不相同的感情色彩,使之具有这样或那样的联想意义。所谓联想意义(associative meaning) ,利奇(G·Leech) 在其名著《语义学》中作了这样的解释:它是通过象征、类比等心理手段构建的语义世界,是不同文化背景下人们在概括自己对客观世界的感性认识和情感体验时,强加给词汇的种种蕴意,如吉凶、善恶、美丑等,从而使得词汇具有一定的文化内涵。这些“文化内涵”即联想意义因世界各民族文化间的差异显得异常复杂,语言互译有时很难准确把握。朱光潜在《谈翻译》一文中说过,外国文学最难了解和翻译的首推联想意义,因它带有特殊的情感范围,甚深广而微妙。本文拟对英汉语言中一些动物词汇的联想意义及翻译略加论述,就教于各位。 相同或相近的联想意义及翻译相同或相近的联想意义及翻译相同或相近的联想意义及翻译相同或相近的联想意义及翻译 不同文化间存有共性的东西,即使像东西方两种差异较大的文化类型,也是如此。因为,从人的构造机制来看,无论中国人,还是西方人,感知客观世界的心理器官———大脑是共同的;另外,从生活环境来看,东西方人都生活在共有的家园地球上,面对的是基本相同的自然环境,在征服自然和改造自然的过程中,不能不形成大体一致的生活经验,这些生活经验就影响和决定了中西文化不可避免地会存在很多共有联想,反映在动物词汇方面也一样。 在中西方化中,有很多动物词汇具有相同或相近的联想意义。比如, 鸽子( dove) 都会让人联想到“和平”;“天鹅(swan) 都是“高贵”和“圣洁”的象征;“杜鹃”(cuckoo) 被视为“报春鸟”;“蜜蜂(bee) 使人都想到“辛勤、忙碌”(as busy as a bee) 。狐狸是动物中最狡猾的,汉语有“狡猾的狐狸”之说,英语也有“as sly as a fox”之喻; 汉语有“蠢驴”,英语有“as stupid as an ass”;鹦鹉学舌”在中国耳熟能详,英语中也不难找到相应的说法———“to parrot what others say”。这些例子反映了不同文化背景下的人们对客观世界认识的契合点,翻译时,比较好掌握。 但更多的动物词汇所传递的联想意义是容易混淆,难以掌握的,尤其是那些用不同的动物喻体表达的内涵相同的联想意义,译者很容易受本民族文化的影响,而错误地理解其涵义。对于用不同动物喻体来表达相同喻义的动物词汇,在语言互译时,一定要采用这一民族文化所熟悉的并能产生相同联想的喻体去替换另一民族文化所熟悉的喻体,也就是说译出来的句子要符合所译语言的表达习惯,这样方能把握原句的思想和内涵,使读者正确地理解原句的意思。如“鸡皮疙瘩”译成英文是goose flesh ;“杀鸡取卵”是“kill the goose that lay golden eggs”;汉语常说的“笨得像猪”,英文是“as stupid as a donkey”或者“as stupid as a goose”;“a black sheep”贴切的汉语是“害群之马”;“set a fox to keep one’s geese”译成汉语是“引狼入室”,而不应直译为“叫狐看鹅”;“slippery as an eel”相应的中文是“圆滑得像泥鳅”,汉文化习惯用泥鳅(loach)而不是鳝鱼(eel) 比喻某人的圆滑。 不同的动物词汇具有相同的联想意义,有些是由于不同的生存环境造成的。比如,中国人一直用牛耕地,对牛特别有好感,英国人早期用马耕地,与马接触较多。所以,在汉语和英语中含有“牛”和“马”这两种动物词汇的表达法较多,英汉互译时“牛”和“马”可以互换。形容一个人健壮,中文是“壮得像头牛”,英文却是“as strong as a horse”;形容人干活干得很辛苦,汉语是“像老黄牛一样干活”,英文则是“work likea horse”;汉语常说的“吹牛”,英文又是“talk horse”。 还有的是因为不同的文化习惯造成的。如,汉文化中,“虎”(tiger) 被称为“百兽之王”,汉语中有很多有关虎勇猛、威武的表达法,如“虎将”、“虎威”、“猛虎下山”等。而在英文化中“, 狮”(lion)取代了其位置,英语“lion”的联想意义是“勇猛的人”、“骠悍的人”。历史上查理一世常被称为“King Richard ,the lion hearted”(狮心王查理) ,这是说他勇猛超群。汉语“勇猛如虎”,英语则说“as brave as a lion”。汉语“拦路虎”,英文为“a lion in the way”,汉语“狐假虎威”,英文则是“an ass in a lion’s skin”,汉语“老虎头上搔痒”,英文是“beard the lion in his den”。 联想意义的不同及翻译联想意义的不同及翻译联想意义的不同及翻译联想意义的不同及翻译 人类文化有共性的一面, 也有个性的一面。因历史传统、价值取向、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、思维方式等方面的差异,不同语言环境下的动物词汇又会有各自特有的联想意义,即使是同种动物也会有不同的联想意义,有的联想意义还可能是完全相反的,翻译时要特别注意。 下面这些动物词汇联想意义差别就极大。 “凤凰”(phoenix) 在中国古代传说中是百鸟之王,有“百鸟朝凤”的说法。古时,人们相信凤凰出现可以预示天下太平,所以后世多以龙比喻皇帝,凤凰比喻皇后,帝王成婚称为“龙凤呈祥”。但在英语中,“phoenix”只是神话传说中的一种鸟,在阿拉伯沙漠生活五、六百年后自我焚化,并由此得到再生,故英语中“phoenix”一词有“再生”、“复活”等意思。Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary 中就有这样一个例句“Religion ,like a phoenix ,has been resurrected from the ashes of the revolution”(宗教就像传说中的凤凰,在革命的灰烬中又复活了) 。 兔(rabbit) 在汉文化中有“敏捷”、“迅速”的含义,汉语有“动如脱兔”的说法,英文中的“rabbit”却表示“胆怯”,如“as timid as a rabbit”。汉语中“鼠”(mouse) 被用来形容胆小,人们常说“胆小如鼠”,但胆小的鼠在英语民族文化中却成了安静的喻体,如“as quiet as a mouse”。 在中西两种不同文化中,有些动物词汇的联想意义甚至是完全相反的。“龙”(dragon) 在汉文化中一直是“权力”、“力量”、“吉祥”的象征。中国人对传说中的“龙”怀有至高无上的尊重,“龙”被视作中华民族的图腾,华夏民族称自己为“龙”的传人。而在英美等西方国家,“龙”是硕大、恐怖的古怪野兽,满嘴喷火,凶狠残暴,与“邪恶”同义,深为英语民族所厌恶,认为应予消灭。因此,汉语“龙”所具有的褒义在译成英文时是不能保留的,如汉语“望子成龙”绝不能译成“to expect one’s son to be a dragon”,而应译为“to expect one’s son to become an outstanding personage”。同样,我们所说的亚洲四小龙不是“four small dragons of Asia”而是“four small tigers of Asia”。 “猫”(cat) 在中国人眼中是温顺乖巧的动物,如果按照汉文化习俗把这句英文“she is a perfect cat”,翻译成“她十分温顺乖巧”,那就大错特错了,英文中“cat”用来描述妇女时,是一个贬义词,专指那些爱撒谎、饶舌、恶毒的妇人。“she is a perfect cat”的原意是“她是个十足的长舌妇”。如果一位中国人听到这样的话“you are as wise as an owl”肯定大为不悦。汉文化中“, 猫头鹰”(owl)有“不吉利、凶兆、死亡”的联想意义,但英语中“owl”常常是“聪明、智慧”的象征,而这种联想意义在汉文化中是不存在的。 “孔雀”(peacock) 在汉文化中是吉祥物,孔雀开屏被看作大吉大利,而英语中“peacock”用于延伸意义常常含有贬义。Webster’s Third New Intenational Dictionary of the English Language 是这样解释的:“One making a proud or arrogant display of himself”(一个洋洋得意、炫耀自己的人) 。Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary 是这样解释的:“If you describe someone ,especially a man ,as a peacock ,you mean that they are rather proud of themselves and like wearing attractive clothes and looking good ,used showing disapproval’(假如你说某人——特别是一个男人——是一个peacock ,你的意思是他很骄傲,喜欢穿漂亮衣服,打扮入时;具有贬义) 。由此可见,“peacock”在英语中的意义基本上是否定的,不强调孔雀美丽的一面,而只强调它骄傲的一面,于是,英语中有“proud as a peacock”这一成语,汉语为“非常骄傲”。 从以上例子可以看出,同一种动物词汇在不同文化中具有不同甚至相反的联想意义,如果不了解这一点,就不能真正理解,甚至误解另一种语言的深层意义,从而在翻译中出错。 特有的联想意义及翻译特有的联想意义及翻译特有的联想意义及翻译特有的联想意义及翻译 受民族文化的影响,一个普通的动物词汇在一种文化中常常具有极其丰富的联想意义,而在另一种文化中可能仅仅是个符号,不产生任何联想。 汉文化中,乌龟(turtle) 有两个联想意义,一是“长寿”,另外还用来比喻妻子有外遇的丈夫。而在西方文化中它不过是行动缓慢、其貌不扬的动物而已,绝无此联想。汉语“鱼”会让人联想到“结余”、“年年有余,“鸡”会让人联想到“妓女”,这是因为汉字可以谐音而转承同音异形字的语义值,而英语词汇音节过多,谐音概率低,通过谐音获得文化内涵几乎是不可能的。因此,英语中相对应的“fish”、“hen”就无法使英美人产生诸如“结余”、“妓女”之类的联想。 同样,也有一些动物词汇在英美文化中所拥有的联想意义在汉文化中也是空缺的,例如“, beaver”(河狸)喻指卖力气的人“, duck”(鸭子)指可爱的人或物,如“she is a perfect duck”(她可爱极了) ,汉语中就没有这样的联想意义。英语中与“fish”(鱼) 有关的表达法很多,这是因为英国是个典型的海洋国家,这些表达法充分表现了英国的地理特征,如“drink like a fish”(豪饮) 、“as drunk as a fish”(烂醉如泥) 、“as mute as a fish”(一声不吭) “, cold fish”(指不大与人交往的人) ,等等。而汉语的“鱼”就没有这样的联想意义。英语用“chicken”一词来表示一个没有勇气的胆小鬼,如“You chicken”(你这个胆小鬼) 。英语中“chicken-livered”或“chicken-hearted”表示“胆小的,怯懦的”“, play chicken”意为“比试胆量”。“chicken”让操英语的本族人联想到的是“懦夫、胆小鬼(coward)”,而汉语却无此联想。 尽量避免跨文化交际中出现的误会 语言作为文化的载体,负载着一定的文化意义,不深刻了解这层涵义就可能犯文化错误。著名翻译理论家奈达(Nida) 1993 年说过,联想意义有时捉摸不定,很难掌握,在一种文化中有吉祥涵义的东西到了另一种文化中可能就是禁忌。因不了解文化传统和风俗习惯在语言互译中而触犯禁忌的事生活里屡见不鲜。 “雄鸡”(cock) 在中国使人产生的是积极的联想,如“雄鸡报晓”、“闻鸡起舞”等,而在英文化中“, cock”一词无此积极的联想意义。在西方社会“, cock”一词可能使人产生男性生殖器官的庸俗联想。中国某厂家生产的闹钟商标是“金鸡”,在中国语境下它是一个极为响亮的名字,当产品销到国外时,商标最初被译为“Golden Cock”,这显然是不符合西方文化习俗的译法,后来被更正为“Golden Rooster”。 中国某厂家生产的“白象”牌电池因其质量优良而出口,但却遭受西方国家的冷遇,究其原因,“白象”在汉文化中喻指珍奇而稀有的东西,英文“white elephant”在西方文化中则指无用而价格昂贵的东西,难怪此商品在国外销路不畅。 广州的别名叫“羊城”,传说古代有五位仙女骑着五头羊为广州人送来了五谷,因此“, 五羊”在汉文化中象征着吉利,广州生产的一种自行车因而取名“五羊”。这种自行车远销到国外时,“五羊”被译为“Five Rams”。“ram”一词在西方文化中的联想意义与汉文化中的联想意义绝然不同。英语中ram除了“公羊”之意外,还有“反复灌输”、“强使通过”、“迫使接受(观点、想法) ”等涵义。结果在中国吉利的“五羊”在西方变成了令人不愉快的东西,以此命名的产品当然不会受到西方人的青睐。 动物词汇的联想意义很能折射出中西文化间的差异,意识到差异的存在,译者在掌握翻译基本技巧的同时,要更进一步了解中西文化丰富的内涵,作为中国人,一般对本民族的文化和传统要熟悉一些,所以尤要补好对西方文化生疏的课,才能在英汉互译时做到准确而传神。 参考文献 1 Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary Collins 1987 2 Webster’s Third New Intenational Dictionary of the English Language (Unabridged)Merriam Company Publishers 1961 3 Eugene A Nida Language Culture and Translating Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press ,1993 4 沈安平,论社会文化与语言的联想意义,顾嘉祖,语言与文化,上海外语教学出版社,1990 :129 —146 5 胡文仲主编,英美文化辞典,北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1995 6 吴友富主编,英语动物词汇用法词典,上海外语教育出版社,1998 二、英汉动物词汇的象征意义比较 作者简介 李燕(1981 - ) , 女,运城学院外语系助教,山东大学英语语言文学专业在读硕士研究生 文章编号:1008 - 8008 (2009) 02 - 0090 - 04 1 引言引言引言引言 语言是文化的载体,反映着语言所在的不同社会、文化及时代的特征。词汇作为语言的基本要素之一,也不仅仅限于表达表面的所指意义,而是蕴涵着不同的文化传统、风俗习惯、价值取向等文化内涵。在漫长的社会历史进程中,人与动物相互依存,关系密切,因此在英汉两种语言中都有大量的动物词汇。在浩瀚的词汇海洋里,这些动物词汇往往蕴涵着丰富的感情色彩,它们不仅有直接的、表面的、字面的意义,还有内涵的、情感的、迁移的意义。正如廖光蓉指出:“动物词产生文化意义的基础有三点:一是动物的外貌、生理、心理、性格、行为、习惯、作用等特征;二是民族的文化内容、文化传统和文化心理;三是联想,联想是指把动物和另一事物联系起来,而民族的文化传统,特别是文化心理对于联想的产生和腾飞方向起着潜在然而也是重要的激发和引导作用。”[ 1 ]17 尽管不同语言动物词的概念意义( concep tualmeaning)相同或相近,但由于文化的差异,导致人们对同一种动物赋予不同的情感,因此其具有各自民族特征的内涵意义(connotative meaning)有时相同或相似,有时则大相径庭。 2 英汉动物词汇象征意义的异同英汉动物词汇象征意义的异同英汉动物词汇象征意义的异同英汉动物词汇象征意义的异同 2 1 同一词汇象征意义相同同一词汇象征意义相同同一词汇象征意义相同同一词汇象征意义相同 语言反映文化,语言上的共同点正是由于文化的共性所决定的。地球上所有的民族共同生活在同一个星球上,都面临着风、雨、雷、电等大自然的挑战,都经历着春夏秋冬四季的更替,因此对自然界的万物有着相同或相似的感受。由于人类的生活环境大致相似,英汉动物词汇在两种语言中发生语义重叠现象, 即词汇对应关系。动物具有显著特性,英汉民族对这些特性看法大体相同,且都用这些特性来描述或比喻人或物的某些特质,因此无论是汉语还是英语,只要是从动物的基本属性这一角度出发去认识动物,自然会产生相同或相似的联想,赋予动物词语相同的褒贬感情意义。

英汉语言对比

翻译教学和研究的经验表明,翻译理论与技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析的基础之上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧,如选词(Diction)、转换(Conversion)、增补(Amplification)、省略(Omission)、重复(Repetition)、替代(Substitution)、变换(Variation)、倒置(Inversion)、拆离(Division)、缀合(Combination)、阐释(Annotation)、浓缩(Condensation)、重组(Reconstruction),以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法,都集中地体现了英汉两种语言的不同特点。

第一节 综合语与分析语(Synthetic vs Analytic)

形态变化、词序和虚词是表达语法意义的三大手段。

综合语的特征是运用形态变化来表达语法关系。拉丁语、德语及古英语等都属于这类语言。

分析语的特征是不用形态变化而用语序及虚词来表达语法关系。汉语就是典型的分析语。

一、英语有形态变化,汉语没有严格意义的形态变化。

所谓形态变化,即词的形式变化,主要包括以下两方面:

1、构词形态,即起构词作用的词缀变化(affixation),包括大量的前缀(prefix)和后缀(suffix)。

He moved astonishingly fast

He moved with astonishing rapidity

His movements astonished us by their rapidity

His rapid movements astonished us

2、构形形态,即表达语法意义的词形变化。

二、英语词序比较灵活,汉语词序相对固定。

形态变化与词序有密切的关系。形态变化越多的语言,词序越灵活,反之亦然。汉语是典型的分析语,词没有形态标志,位置不能随便移动,词语之间的关系主要通过安排词序及使用虚词来表达。英语属综合-分析语,词序不如拉丁语灵活,但也不如汉语固定。英语的语法意义可以通过词序或虚词来表达,在许多情况下也可以用形态标志来表示。

I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly

由于贵国政府的提议,才得以这样快地重新实现访问。这使我感到特别高兴。

三、英汉两种都有大量的虚词,但各有特点。

四、英语是语调语言,汉语是声调语言。

第二节 聚集与流散(Compact vs Diffusive)

英语句子有严谨的主谓结构,这个结构通常由名词性短语(NP)和动词性短语(VP)构成。主语不可或缺,谓语动词是句子的中心,两者协调一致(S-V concord),提纲挈领,聚集各种关系网络(connective-nexus)。因此,英语句子主次分明,层次清楚,前呼后应,严密规范,句式呈“聚集型”(compactness)。

英语的主语和谓语动词搭配,形成句子的核心(kernel),谓语动词控制句子主要成分的格局。句子尽管错综复杂,千变万化,但根据谓语动词的类别和特征,都可以把英语的主谓结构归结为五种基本句型,即,SV,SVP,SVO,SVOO,SVOC:

英语句子复杂而不流散的另一重要原因是,句子成分之间或词语之间必须在人称、数、性和意义等方面保持协调一致的关系(concord或agreement)。这一原则包括以下三方面:

1、 语法一致

2、 意义一致

3、 就近原则

英语句子成分之间这种协调一致的原则,使句子结构受到形态的约束,因而句式严谨、规范、刻板,缺乏弹性。

相比之下,汉语的主谓结构要复杂得多。主语不仅形式多样,而且可有可无:它既可表示施事、受事,也可表示时间、地点;既可用名词、动词,也可用形容词、数量词;句子既可以没有主语,也可以省略主语,还可以变换主语并予以隐含。

汉语不受形态的约束,没有主谓形式协调一致的关系,也就没有这种关系可以驾驭全句。汉语主谓结构具有很大的多样性、复杂性和灵活性,因而句式呈“流散型”(diffusiveness)。

汉语句式的多样化还表现在,有整句,也有大量的零句。整句有主谓结构;零句没有主谓结构,由词或词组构成。零句是汉语的基本句型,可以作整句的主语,也可以作整句的谓语。整句由零句组成,因而复杂多样,灵活多变。整句与零句混合交错,组成了流水句。吕叔湘先生曾指出,“汉语口语里特多流水句,一个小句接一个小句,很多地方可断可连。”这些句式流泻铺排,主谓难分,主从难辨,形散神聚,富有节奏,不仅常见于口语,书面语也不乏其例。

After the boats large and small had moored, all lit tiny oil lamps and fixed up mat canopies Rice was boiled in iron cauldrons over fires in the stern, and once this was cooked the vegetables were fried in another pan of sizzling oil When the meal was ready, everyone aboard could wolf down three or five bowls By then it was dark

河面大小船只泊定后,莫不点了小小的油灯,拉了蓬。各个船上皆在后舱烧了火,用铁鼎罐煮饭,饭焖熟后,又换锅子熬油,哗的把蔬菜倒进热锅里去。一切齐全了,各人蹲在舱板上三碗五碗把腹中填满后,天已夜了。

第三节 形合与意合(Hypotactic vs Paratactic)

所谓形合,指的是句中的词语或成分之间用语言形式手段(如关联词)连接起来,表达语法意义和逻辑关系。英语造句主要采用形合法(Hypotaxis)。

所谓意合,指的是词语或分句不用语言形式手段连接,句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通过词语或分句的含义表达。汉语造句主要采用意合法(Parataxis)。

一、英语的形合法

英语造句常用各种形式手段连接词、语、分句或从句,注重显性接应(overt cohesion),注重句子形式,注重结构完整,注重以形显义。英语句中的连接手段和形式(cohesive ties)不仅数量大,种类多,而且用得十分频繁。

1、关系词和连接词。关系词包括关系代词、关系副词、连接代词和连接副词。连接词包括并列连词和从属连词。

2、介词(286)。

3、其他连接手段,如形态变化形式,包括词缀变化,动词、名词、代词、形容词和副词的形态变化(如性、数、格、时、体、语态、语气、比较级、人称等)及其保持前后一致的关系(grammatical and notional concord),广泛使用代词以保持前呼后应的关系,以及使用“it”和“there”作替补词(expletives)起连接作用等等。

二、汉语的意合法

汉语造句少用甚至不用形式连接手段,注重隐性连贯(covert coherence),注重逻辑事理顺序,注重功能、意义,注重以神统形。没有英语所常用的那些关系代词、关系副词、连接代词和连接副词;介词数量少(30),大多从“动词”借来。重意合而不重形合,词语之间的关系常在不言之中,语法意义和逻辑联系常隐含在字里行间。汉语的意合法往往采用以下手段:

1、语序。汉语的许多主从复句,虽然不用关联词,形式类似并列复句,但分句含义却有主有次。例:人不犯我,我不犯人。

2、反复、排比、对偶、对照等。这些句式词句整齐、匀称,往往不用关联词。

As you sow, so will you reap 种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。

3、紧缩句。这类意合句式是由复句紧缩而成的。

Until all is over, ambition never dies 不到黄河心不死。

4、四字格。四字格是汉语里广为运用的语言形式。吕叔湘指出,“2+2的四音节是现代汉语里的一种重要的节奏倾向。”

Befriend those far away while attacking those nearby 远交近攻。

Move forward, or you’ll fall behind 不进则退。

英语注重形合,注重结构、形式,常常借助各种连接手段,因而比较严谨(preciseness);汉语注重意合,注重功能、意义,常常不用或少用连接手段,因而比较简洁(conciseness)。英译汉时,往往要先分析句子的结构、形式,才能确定句子的功能、意义;汉译英时,往往要先分析句子的功能、意义,才能确定句子的结构、形式。

王力,“西洋语的结构好象连环,虽则环与环都联络起来,毕竟有联络的痕迹;中国语的结构好象无缝天衣,只是一块一块的硬凑,凑起来还不让它有痕迹。西洋语法的硬的,没有弹性的;中国语法是软的,富于弹性的。”英语是“法制”的语言,汉语是“人治”的语言。

第四节 繁复与简短(Complex vs Simplex)

从属结构(subordination)是现代英语最重要的特点之一。F Crews认为,“Subordination,the placing of certain elements in modifying roles,is a fundamental principle of writing”从句和短语可以充当句子的主要成分和从属成分。从句可以层层环扣,短语往往不短,书面语句子常常显得又繁又长(long-winded),有的句子可长达100至200个单词,甚至长至整个大段。现代英语虽然不太常用特长的句子,但包孕式的复合句(complex sentences with embedded clauses)仍很常见,因而句子仍然具有一定的长度。据统计,专业作者写的句子平均长度为20个词,受过教育的人写的句子平均长度为25个词。总的看来,英语句子比较汉语句子要长得多。

汉语常用散句、松句、紧缩句、省略句、流水句或并列形式的复句(composite sentences),以中、短句居多,最佳长度为7至12字。书面语虽也用长句,即使字数较多结构较复杂,但常用标点把句子切开,与英语相比,还属短句。那些没有标点符号的、一气呵成的类似英语的那种长句,在汉语里是不正常的。汉语句子多数为结构简化,无拖沓盘错之感,“甚至有些西洋人看见了中国作品的译文,觉得简短可爱。”

英语注重形合,句子结构可以借助各种连接手段加以扩展和组合,形成纷繁复杂的长句;汉语注重意合,少用甚至不用连接词语,因而语段结构流散,但语意层次分明。

英、汉修辞学都主张长、短句交替和单、复句相间。过分使用长句或短句都会产生单调感(monotony)

In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors

门口放着一堆伞,少说也有十二把,五颜六色,大小不一。

Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me

我有一个问题弄不懂,想请教你,你能回答吗?

第五节 物称与人称(Impersonal vs Personal)

英语较常用物称表达法,即不用人称来叙述,而让事物以客观的口气呈现出来。

汉语则较注重主体思维,这种思维模式以“万物皆备于我”作主导,往往从自我出发来叙述客观事物,或倾向于描述人及其行为或状态,因而常用人称。当人称可以不言自喻时,又常常会隐含人称或省略人称。

汉语重人称,英语重物称,这一特点主要表现在如何使用主语和动词这两方面。

一、英语常用非人称主语,汉语常用人称主语。

The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood

一看到那棵大树,我便想起了童年的情景。

A great elation overcame them 他们欣喜若狂。

二、英语常用被动式,采用物称表达法;汉语常用主动式,采用人你、泛称或隐称表达法。

Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered 发现了错误,一定要改正。

第六节 被动与主动(Passive vs Active)

被动语态在英语里是一种常见的语法现象。英语有过分使用被动语态的倾向,正式文体尤其如此。英、美语言学者都主张多用主动语态,不要滥用被动语态。

英语的结构被动句(syntactic passive)远比意义被动句(notional passive)多。一般来说,绝大多数的及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语都有被动式。意义被动式,即用主动的形式表达被动的意义,在英语里比较少见。

尽管英语的被动意义有时可以不用被动式来表达,但总的说来,英语常用结构被动式,少用意义被动式。与此相反,汉语则常用意义被动式,少用结构被动式。形成这一差异的主要原因是:

一、汉语被动式的使用受到限制。

The ceremony was abbreviated by rain 因为下雨,仪式进行地很简单。

Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought

人的思想形成了语言,而语言又影响了人的思想。

二、使用受事主语(Receptor subject)导致大量的“当然被动句”。

Last night I was covered up with two quilts 作晚我盖了两条被子。

三、当不需要或不可能说出施事者的时候,汉语可以采用无主句或主语省略句来保持句子的主动形式。

四、当施事者难以指明时,汉语还可以采用通称(generic person)或泛称如(“人”、“有人”、“人们”、“大家”、“人家”、“别人”、“某人”等)作主语,以保持句子的主动形式。

五、当不便使用被动式时,汉语可采用某些转换式来表达被动意义。

1、处置式(即“把字式”或“将字式”),表示施事对受事的处置或支配行为。

2、“为……所”式,是较古的被动式,与现代的被动式结合,即为“被……所”。

3、“是……的”式,即表示状态的静句,通常可以与表示动作的动句互相转换。

4、“……的是”式,一般可以与“是(由)……的”式互相转换。

He was received by a secretary 接见他的是一位秘书。

5、“……加以/予以”式,组成倒置的动宾结构。

This question will be discussed in the next chapter

这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。

六、汉语,尤其在古汉语中,其动词兼有“主动”和“被动”两式于一体,如:“瑜下城十余,不下者三城耳。”句中之动词“下”,就兼有“攻下(主动)”和“被攻下(被动)”两式。

第七节 静态与动态(Stative vs Dynamic)

英语倾向于多用名词,因而叙述呈静态(stative);汉语倾向于多用功词,因而叙述呈动态(dynamic)。

英语的静态倾向,主要表现在以下几方面:

一、名词化(Nominalization)是英语常见的现象。

名词化主要指用名词来表达原来属于动词(或形容词)所表达的概念,如用抽象名词来表达动作、行为、变化、状态、品质、情感等概念。

运用名词化表达法(nominal style)可以使叙述较为准确,贴切,但也会使语言抽象、难解。

The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy recovery

医生迅速到达,并非常仔细地检查了病人,因此病人很快就康复了。

二、用名词表示施事者(Agentive noun),以代替动词。

英语除了用抽象名词表示行为和动作(如realize→realization, complete→ completion)等概念外,还常用含有行为和动作意义的普通名词代替动词。大量由动词派生(如以-er或-or结尾)的名词既表示施事者,又保留原来动词的意义。

You’re all clock-watchers today! 你们今天老是看着钟表等待下班啊!

He is a good eater and a good sleeper 他能吃能睡。

I used to be a bit of a fancier myself 我过去常常有点喜欢胡思乱想。

Since he lost his job, he’s been a loner 他失业以后,就很不合群了。

You must be a very bad learner, or else you must be going to a very bad teacher

你一定很不善于学习,要不然就是教你的人很不会教。

三、用名词代替形容词,构成标题式短语(Headline phrase)。

报刊标题为了节约版面,尽量略去虚词和其他次要的词,把具有刺激性的词语(stimulating words)挤压在一起,因而名词连用便成了一种“free-and-easy habit”,如:gold reserve, generation gap。

四、名词优势造成介词优势。

介词前置于名词或名词性词语,由于英语多用名词,必然也要多用介词,因而产生了介词优势。随着英语大量废弃名词和形容词的形态变化,介词便取而代之,起了某些形态变化的作用。介词优势与名词优势结合,使英语的静态倾向更为显著。如:behind him, for Chicago, with these words, in operation

The machine is in operation 机器正在运行。

五、动词的弱化与虚化。

英语里最常用的动词正是动作意味最弱的动词——to be,其各种形式(包括must be,may be,should have been等都缺乏动态感,由“it”或“there”与“be”构成的句式,其静态意味更加明显。

六、用形容词或副词表达动词的意义。

英语常用动词的同源形容词与弱化动词相结合的方式表达动词的意义。

英语里表示心理或生理感觉的形容词以及其他形容词也常常与弱式动词构成系表结构,表达相当于动词的意义。

The doctor felt sympathetic with his patients 医生同情他的病人。

英语还常用副词来表达动词的意义。

例:Down with the old and up with the new

总之,英语常常通过动词的派生、转化、弱化和虚化等手段,采用非动词的形式(如名词、介词、形容词、副词等)表达动词的意义,因而表达呈静态。

与此相比,汉语则倾向于多用动词,其动态倾向主要表现在以下几方面:

一、动词连用是汉语常见的现象。

汉语连动式和兼语式句子都包含着两个或两个以上的动词。连动式、兼语式、把字式和被字式这四个句式还常常互相包孕套用,构成各式各样的多动词谓语句。

二、动词(或动词词组)可以充当汉语句子的各种成分。

汉语动词及动词词组,包括连动式词组、兼语式词组,无需改变形式就可以充当句子的各种成分。如此一来,汉语句子就显得到处都有动词了。

三、汉语动词常常重复或重叠。

汉语动词的重复或重叠,以及与此相关的句式排比或对偶,可以明显地加强汉语动态感的表现力。英语动词一般不能重叠,也较少重复,甚至常常在需要重复的地方省略。相比之下,汉语动词出现的频率就高了。

第八节 抽象与具体(Abstract vs Concrete)

英语的名词化往往导致表达的抽象化。英语的抽象表达法(method of abstract diction)主要见于大量使用抽象名词。这类名词涵义概括,指称笼统,覆盖面广,往往有一种“虚”、“泛”、“暗”、“曲”、“隐”的“魅力”,因而便于用来表达复杂的思想和微妙的情绪。

抽象表达法在英语里使用得相当普遍,尤其常用于社会科学论著、官方文章、报刊评论、法律文书、商业信件等文体。这种表达法得以流行,有以下几个主要原因:

一、抽象思维被认为是一种高级思维(superior mind),是文明人的一种象征(mark of civilized man)。

二、抽象词语意义模糊,便于掩饰作者含混(cloudy)或真实的思想,以迎合某种表达的需要,因而也得以流行。

三、英语有丰富的词义虚化手段,这就大大方便了抽象表达法的使用。

与英语相比,汉语用词倾向于具体,常常以实的形式表达虚的概念,以具体的形象表达

抽象的内容。这主要是因为汉语缺乏象英语那样的词缀虚化手段。汉语没有形态变化,形式相同的词,可以是名词,也可以是动词,还可以是形容词或其他词类。名词从形式上很难辨别出“具体”或“抽象”。

汉语往往采用如下的手段来表达英语的抽象词义:

一、用动词取代抽象名词。英语大量的行为抽象名词(action-nouns)表示行为或动作意义,由这类名词构成的短语往往相当于主谓结构或动宾结构。汉语若用相应的名词表达,往往显得不自然、不通顺。在英汉转换中,汉语可充分利用其动词优势,以动代静,以实代虚。

He had surfaced with less visibility in the policy decisions

在决策过程中,他已经不那么抛头露面了。

二、用范畴词(category words)使抽象概念具体化。范畴词用来表示行为、现象、属性等概念所属的范畴,是汉语常用的特指手段。

He spoke with firmness, but his face was very sad and his eyes at times were dim

他讲话时,态度坚定,但面带愁容,时而眼神暗淡。

三、用具体的词语阐释抽象的词义。英语抽象词的涵义比较笼统、概括、虚泛,在汉语里往往找不到对应的词来表达,这时常常要借助具体的词语来解释其抽象的词义。

The stars twinkled in transparent clarity 星星在清澈的晴空中闪烁。

四、用形象性词语使抽象意义具体化(figuration)。汉语虽较缺乏抽象词语,但形象性词语(如比喻、成语、谚语、歇后语等)却相当丰富。汉语常常借助这类生动具体的词语来表达英语抽象笼统的意义。

He waited for her arrival with a frenzied agitation

他等着她来,急得象热锅上的蚂蚁。

第九节 间接与直接(Indirect vs Direct)

英语的表达倾向于间接、婉约,而汉语的表达则倾向于直接、明快。这一差异主要见于英语比汉语更多地使用委婉、含蓄和迂回的陈述方式。

一、委婉(Euphemism)

委婉说法是用一种比较间接的方式来谈论不宜直言的人或事物。使用委婉语常常是为了回避或掩盖某些严酷的社会现实,或为了防止“出语伤人”,避免“有失体统”,以显得文明礼貌。英语和汉语都有委婉语,常见于表达有关不雅、不洁、令人生畏、令人讨厌、羞于启齿等的人或事物。

二、含蓄(Implicitness)

英、美民族富于幽默,因此他们在表达时,常常不把要说的话直接说出来,而是用某种间接的、含蓄的方式来陈述。汉语也有含蓄表达法,但这种含蓄表达法较常用作为修辞手段。总的说来,汉语比较倾向直截了当,而英语则比较常用克制陈述、间接肯定、委婉否定和婉转暗示的表达方式。

1、克制陈述(understatement):以含蓄的语气故意把大事化小(make big things seem trifle),用轻描淡写的言辞来加深对方的印象。

It was nothing; a pinprick 没什么,刺耳的话而已。

2、间接肯定(litotes):用反对语的否定来表示肯定,这种弱式双重否定往往能产生比直接肯定更加强烈的印象。

To my no small astonishment, I found the house on fire

我发现房子着了火,这使我大吃一惊。

He didn’t half like that girl 他非常喜欢那姑娘。

3、委碗否定(indirect negation):把直接的否定变得含蓄、婉转,使口气显得温和而不武断,谦逊而留有余地。

Bikini was the last thing she’d like to wear

她最不喜欢穿比基尼式泳装。

三、迂回(Periphrasis)

迂回是一种转弯抹角的说法,是用较多或较长的词语来表达原来几个简短的词就能说清的意思(saying things the long way round)。

I’m terribly sorry to interrupt you, but I wonder if you would be so kind as to lower your voices a little 请你们讲话小声一点,好吗?

  只有生活中的弱者才会这样祈祷:“把我这满是烦恼的爱情熄灭了吧!”。下面是我带来的讨论金钱与爱情的英语 文章 ,欢迎阅读!

  讨论金钱与爱情的英语文章精选

 The Clarkson family lived in the country near Cambridge,about half a mile from the nearestvillage and about a mile from the riverThey had a big,old house with a beautiful garden,a lotof flowers and many oldtrees

 克拉克森家住在剑桥附近的乡下,离最近的村庄约有半英里路,距离河有1英里左右。他们有幢大而古老带有美丽花园的房子,花园里有许多花和许多古树。

 One Thursday morning in July,Jackie came in from the gardenShe was a tall,fatwoman,thirty years oldIt was the hottest day of the year,but she wore a warm brown skirtand yellow shirtShe went into the kitchen to get a drink of waterJust then the phonerang

 7月的一个星期四早上,杰基从花园进了屋。她是个高大,肥胖,30来岁的女人。这是一年中最热的日子,而她却穿着暖色调的**衬衫和棕色裙子。她走进厨房去喝水,这时电话响了。

 'Cambridge 1379,'Jackie said

 “剑桥1379号,”杰基说。

 'HelloThis is DianeI want to talk to Mother'

 “你好!我是黛安娜。我想和妈妈说话。”

 'Mother isn't here,'Jackie said'She's at the doctor's'

 “妈妈不在家,”杰基说。“她看医生去了。”

 'WhyWhat's Wrong'

 “怎么了出了什么事”

 'Nothing's wrong,'Jackie said'Why are you telephoning You are going to come thisweekend Mother wants everyone to be here'

 “没什么,”杰基说。“你打电话干嘛这个周末你回来吗妈妈希望每个人都在。”

 'Yes,I want to come,'Diane said'I'm phoning because I have no money for the train ticket"

 “是啊,我想回来,”黛安娜说。“我正因为没钱买火车票,才打电话。”

 'No money!Mother is always giving you money!'

 “没钱!妈妈总是给你钱!”

 'This phone call is very expensive,'Diane said coldly'Tell Mother pleaseI need the money'

 “电话费很贵,”黛安娜冷冷说道。“请告诉妈妈,我需要钱。”

 Jackie put the phone downShe took a cigarette from her bag and began to smokeShe feltangry because her sister al-ways asked for moneyDiane was twenty years old, the youngestin the familyShe lived in London,in one room of a big houseShe wanted to be asingerShe sang very well but she could never get work

 杰基放下电话,她从包里拿了枝烟抽起来。她因她的妹妹总是要钱感到生气。黛安娜20岁了,在家里最小。她住在伦敦,在一所大房子里有间屋子。她想成为一个歌唱家,她唱得很棒可是她却从来不愿找工作。

讨论金钱与爱情的英语 文章阅读

 The internet is brimming with money tips for newlyweds — open a joint account, talk aboutyour money values, budget for date night While sound advice, these articles ignore a simpletruth: your money relationship doesn’t begin when you walk down the aisle It starts on yourvery first date

 互联网为新婚夫妇提供了许多理财技巧——开设联名账户,沟通理财价值观,为约会之夜制定预算。这些都是有益的忠告,不过这些文章忽略了一条简单的真理:你和配偶之间的金钱关系并非始于步入婚姻殿堂之时,而是从第一次约会就开始了。

 Rather than discussing finances in romantic relationships, we tend to quickly and quietly adaptto our beliefs about how the other person wants to deal with the issue So if Mr Wonderfulpays on dates one and two, his dinner partner may assume he is happy to pay on datesthree, four and 50 But that often leads to frustration from at least one party Maybe, likemost millennials, Mr Wonderful can’t really afford to treat every time Perhaps his date feelsguilty for not contributing financially

 与其在恋爱中谈钱,我们更倾向于迅速地悄悄去适应另一半在这件事情上的看法。因此,如果说好人君(MrWonderful)头一两次约会都主动掏钱,那他的约会对象可能就会觉得第三回、第四回甚至是第50回也都该由他买单。但这通常会至少让其中一方感到沮丧失落。或许,像大多数千禧一代,好人君实际上无法每次都请客。也许他的约会对象会因为在财务上没有做出贡献而感到内疚。

 You are probably thinking, ‘just say something’ But chances are you wouldn’t

 你可能会想,“ 说说 清楚吧。”不过你多半开不了口。

 “We are all ‘funny’ about money, no matter how much or how little money we have, ” writes DrKate Levinson in her book Emotional Currency If, as the oft quoted statistic says, 70% ofdivorces are due to money woes, what financial changes can couples make early on to fortifytheir long term odds

 凯特·莱文森(Kate Levinson)博士在《情感货币》(Emotional Currency)一书中写道,“我们对待金钱的态度都很“有趣”,无论是有钱还是没钱人。”据经常引用的统计数字表明,70%的人离婚是因为经济问题,那么,夫妻可以提前在财务方面做出哪些改变,来巩固长期的婚姻关系

 Scott Rick, a marketing professor at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business,studies the links between money, attraction and marital happiness In a 2011 paper, “ Fatal(Fiscal) Attraction: Spendthrifts and Tightwads in Marriage, ” Rick and his co-authors revealthat tightwads (people who tend to spend less than they would like to) often marryspendthrifts (people who spend more than they would like to)

 密歇根大学罗斯商学院(University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business) 市场营销 学教授斯科特·里克(Scott Rick)专注于研究金钱、吸引力和婚姻幸福间的联系。在2011年的论文《致命(财务)吸引力:婚姻中的败家子和吝啬鬼》(Fatal (Fiscal) Attraction: Spendthrifts and Tightwads in Marriage)中,里克与合作者们揭示了吝啬鬼(那些花钱节俭的人)通常会和败家子(那些花钱大手大脚的人)结婚的真相。

 “Generally we marry ourselves We go out and find someone who mirrors the things we likeabout ourselves, ” says Rick, who began looking at spendthrifts and tightwads in relationshipswhen he married a tightwad “But a tightwad doesn’t like being a tightwad A spendthrift doesnot like being a spendthrift It turns out they don’t want a second one of themselves in thehome” Rick explains that the differences initially lead to attraction but eventually becomesless fun when you need to make decisions of economic consequence

 自打娶了个小气老婆之后,里克就开始研究情侣关系中的败家子和吝啬鬼,他表示,“通常来说,我们会和同类人结婚。我们出去约会,寻找那些和我们兴趣相投的人。但是极其抠门的人不喜欢成为吝啬鬼。挥霍无度的人也不喜欢成为败家子。事实证明,他们都不喜欢在家里看到第二个自己。”里克解释说,最初的性格差异会导致爱情吸引,但是当需要做出有一定经济影响的决定时,这就没那么好玩了。

 Around this time last year, a much talked about New York Times article reveled a trend ofyoung adults asking for their love interest’s credit score to determine if he or she is worthpursuing In one anecdote a 31 year old flight attendant was quickly disenchanted when asuitor asked about her credit score on their very first date

 去年大约这个时候,《纽约时报》(New York Times)刊出的一篇文章引发了热烈的讨论,文章报道美国年轻人流行打听自己心仪对象的信用评分,以衡量对方是否值得追求。有这样一段轶事,当追求者在双方第一次约会中问及她的信用评分时,一位31岁的空姐突然立刻不再抱幻想。

 Like our dating lives, a person’s relationship to money cannot be boiled down to a singlestatistic Maybe wait a few dates to bring up nitty gritty details like credit scores and 401kbalances Instead Levinson says you should see if the relationship “has legs” and keep an eyeout for “patterns” Does one partner always pay Are you are being overly generous, whileyour partner is being tightfisted How does that make you feel

 跟约会那样,人与金钱的关系不能简单归结为一个数字。也许等约会过几次,再打听彼此的信用评分以及401K退休金户头余额等这些具体细节吧。莱文森表示,重点要看这段恋爱关系是否“能长久”,密切注意“交往模式”。是否总是一方在付钱你是否过于慷慨,而约会对象特别抠门这让你有什么感觉

 If you are unhappy with your money exchanges, Levinson recommends approaching the topicin the same way you might the dirty socks your girlfriend leaves around ‘You always leave yoursocks on the floor and that’s irritating to me Why don’t you put them in the hamper’ is notso different from saying, ‘You never let me pay for dinner and that’s irritating to me What isthat about for you’ Don’t criticize, but instead try to come to a mutual understanding of whyyou each behave the way you do

 如果你对你们的金钱往来不满意,莱文森建议,解决这个问题可以仿效处理女朋友乱扔脏袜子的做法。“你总是把袜子扔在地板上,这让我很恼火。为什么不把袜子放在洗衣篮里”其实这样说没有多大不同:“你总是不让我请你吃晚餐,这让我很恼火。这是怎么回事”不要批评对方,而是尝试相互理解,为什么你们各自会有这种行为。

 Married financial planners Scott and Bethany Palmer describe money as a laboratory, byobserving your love-interest’s spending habits you can get to know him or her If you, forexample, notice that the girl you have gone out with a few times is careful with her pennies youcan compliment her self control If you notice she throws spending caution to the wind youcan ask about her non-financial adventures “When you are dating you really have theopportunity to see what you are about to get into, ” says Scott

 婚内理财规划师斯科特·帕尔默(Scott Palmer)和贝瑟尼·帕尔默(Bethany Palmer)把金钱形容为一座实验室,通过观察心仪对象的消费习惯,可以了解对方的为人。比如说,如果你注意到,和你约会过几次的女友花钱很仔细,你可以称赞她的自我控制力。如果你发现她花钱大手大脚,也可以询问她在财务方面以外的冒险经历。斯科特说,“约会的时候,实际上是有机会看清楚对方是什么样的人的。”

 There are, however, also warnings signs to look for You may want to rethink a relationship ifsomeone is unwilling to discuss money, lies about their finances or doesn’t pay you backPerhaps your date said he left a tip for that friendly waitress on the table, but you find no cashwhen you run back to get your sunglasses Don’t let red flags go “Once we are in love withsomebody, ” Levinson notes, “we are vulnerable to taking care of someone in ways that arenot healthy”

 当然也有些信号要警惕。如果对方不愿讨论金钱,对财务状况撒谎,只有索取没有付出,那么你可能就要重新考虑与之的关系。也许你的约会对象会说,他有把小费放在桌子上留给亲切友好的女服务生,但当你回去找落下的太阳眼镜时,却没有看到。不要放过这样的危险信号。莱文森指出,“一旦爱上某个人,我们就很容易用一些不健康的方式去纵容对方。”

 A psychotherapist, Levinson is currently working with a couple that has been dating for fouryears and wants to buy a house Both partners have steady incomes, but one has additionalfamily money Generous with small expenses, the partner with extra funds wants to split thehome 50/50 even if it means buying a lesser property The other partner cannot understandwhy his mate isn’t willing to pay more and take a larger share of the equity so they can live ina home they love “The work, ” says Levinson, “is really about figuring out why she needs to beso boundaried here and having her partner understand why” Being in love (like or lust)doesn’t preclude the realities of financial inequality and assumptions By the same token,knowing the contents of someone’s bank account doesn’t mean you understand his or herrelationship to it

 作为一名心理治疗师,莱文森目前正为一对情侣提供咨询,他们交往了四年并想购买一栋房产。双方都有稳定收入,其中一方拥有额外的家庭财产。手头更宽裕的女方虽然在小额支出上很大方,但却希望平摊购房费用,即便这意味着他们只能买小一点的房子也在所不惜。男方不能理解为什么女友不愿意多掏点钱,多负担一点购房费用,这样他们就能住上一栋自己喜欢的房子。莱文森说,“咨询实际上是为了搞清楚,为什么她需要在买房问题上划清界限,并让男友理解其中的原因。”坠入爱河(喜欢或欲望)不能排除财务不对等的现实和假设。出于同样的原因,知道某人银行账户有多少钱,并不意味着你就理解对方的金钱观念。

伤感,往往是最美的情感,也是最痛的伤害。下面是我带来的,欢迎阅读!

1

辉煌之路

Paving A Brilliant Way

铺就辉煌之路

Tonight is a particular honor for me, let's face it; my presence on stage is pretty unlikely

今晚对我而言颇不寻常,我们得承认,我能站在这里本身就已意义非凡。

My father was a foreign student, born and raised in a all village in Kenya He grew up herding goats, and went to school in a tin-roof shack His father, my grandfather, was a cook, a domestic servant to British

我父亲是一个外国留学生,他原本生于肯亚的一个小村庄,并在那里长大成人。他小的时候还放过羊,上的学校简陋不堪,屋顶上仅有块铁皮来遮风挡雨。而他的父亲,也就是我的祖父,不过是个普通的厨子,还做过家佣。

But my grandfather had lager dreams for their son Through hard work and perseverance my father got a scholarship to study in a magical place: America that shone as a beacon of freedom and opportunity to so many who had e before

但祖父对父亲抱以厚望。凭借不懈的努力和坚忍不拔的毅力,父亲荣获赴美留学的机会,而且还拿到奖学金。美国这片神奇的土地,对于很多踏上这片国土的人而言,意味着自由和机遇。

While studying here, my father met my mother She was born in a town on the other side of the world Her father was an oil rigs and a farm worker through most of the depression The day after Pearl Harbor, my grandfather joined Patton's army, marching across Europe

还在留学期间,父亲与母亲不期而遇。母亲来自完全不同的另一个世界,她生于堪萨斯的一个小镇。大萧条时期,外祖父为谋生计,曾在石油钻井打工,还曾在农场务农。日军偷袭珍珠港后的第二天,他就自愿应征入伍,在巴顿将军麾下,转战南北,横扫欧洲。

Back home, my grandmother raised a baby and went to work on a bomber assembly line After the war, they studied on the GI Bill, bought a house through FHA, and later moved to west, all the way to Hawaii, in search of opportunity

在后方的家中,外祖母含辛茹苦,抚养子女,并在轰炸机装配线上找了份活计。战后,依据士兵福利法案, 他们通过联邦住宅管理局购置了一套房子,并举家西迁,谋求更大发展。

And they, too, had big dreams for their daughter, a mon dream, born of two continents My parents shared not only an improbable love; they shared an abiding faith in the possibilities of this nation

他们对自己的女儿也寄予厚望,两家人虽然身在不同的非洲和美洲大陆,却有着共同的梦想。我的父母不仅不可思议地彼此相爱,而且还对这个国家有了不移的信念。

They would give me a African name, Barack, or “blessed,” believing that in a tolerant America your name is no barrier to success

他们赐予我一个非洲名字,巴拉克,意为“上天福佑”, 因为他们相信,在如此包容的国度中,这样的名字不应成为成功的羁绊。

They imagined me going to the best schools in the land, even though they weren’t rich, because in a generous America you don’t have to achieve your potential

尽管他们生活并不宽裕,还是想方设法让我接受当地最好的教育,因为在这样一个富足的国度中,无论贫富贵贱,都同样有机会发展个人的潜力。

They are both passed away now Yet, I know that, on this night, they look down on me with great pride

现在他们都已不在人世,不过,我知道,他们的在天之灵,此时此刻正在骄傲地关注着我。

2

一杯牛奶的温暖

一天,一个贫穷的小男孩为了攒够学费正挨家挨户地推销商品。饥寒交迫的他摸遍全身,却只有一角钱。于是他决定向下一户人家讨口饭吃。

One day, a poor boy who was trying to pay his way through school by selling goods door to door found that he only had one dime left He was hungry so he decided to beg for a meal at the next house

然而,当一位美丽的年轻女子开启房门的时候,这个小男孩却有点不知所措了。他没有要饭,只乞求给他一口水喝。这位女子看到他饥饿的样子,就倒了一大杯牛奶给他。男孩慢慢地喝完牛奶,问道:“我应该付多少钱”

However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water She thought he looked hungry so she brought him a large glass of milk He drank it slowly, and then asked, "How much do I owe you"

年轻女子微笑着回答:“一分钱也不用付。我妈妈教导我,施以爱心,不图回报。”男孩说:“那么,就请接受我由衷的感谢吧!”说完,霍华德·凯利就离开了这户人家。此时的他不仅自己浑身是劲儿,而且更加相信上帝和整个人类。本来,他都打算放弃了。

"You don't owe me anything," she replied "Mother has taught me never to accept pay for a kindness" He said, "Then I thank you from the bottom of my heart" As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but it also increased his faith in God and the human race He was about to give up and quit before this point

数年之后,那位女子得了一种罕见的重病,当地医生对此束手无策。最后,她被转到大城市医治,由专家会诊治疗。大名鼎鼎的霍华德·凯利医生也参加了医疗方案的制定。当他听到病人来自的那个城镇的名字时,一个奇怪的念头霎时间闪过他的脑际。他马上起身直奔她的病房。

Years later the young woman became critically ill The local doctors were baffled They finally sent her to the big city, where specialists can be called in to study her rare disease Dr Howard Kelly, now famous was called in for the consultation When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes Immediately, he rose and went down through the hospital hall into her room

身穿手术服的凯利医生来到病房,一眼就认出了恩人。回到会诊室后,他决心一定要竭尽所能来治好她的病。从那天起,他就特别关照这个对自己有恩的病人。

Dressed in his doctor's gown he went in to see her He recognized her at once He went back to the consultation room and determined to do his best to save her life From that day on, he gave special attention to her case

经过艰苦的努力,手术成功了。凯利医生要求把医药费通知单送到他那里,他一下,便在通知单的旁边签了字。当医药费通知单送到她的病房时,她不敢看。因为她确信,治病的费用将会花费她整个余生来偿还。最后,她还是鼓起勇气,翻开了医药费通知单,旁边的那行小字引起了她的注意,她不禁轻声读了出来:

After a long struggle, the battle was won Dr Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval He looked at it and then wrote something on the side The bill was sent to her room She was afraid to open it because she was positive that it would take the rest of her life to pay it off Finally she looked, and the note on the side of the bill caught her attention She read these words

“医药费已付:一杯牛奶。” 签名霍华德·凯利医生

"Paid in full with a glass of milk"Signed Dr Howard Kelly

喜悦的泪水溢位了她的眼睛,她默默地祈祷著:“谢谢你,上帝,你的爱已通过人类的心灵和双手传播了。”

Tears of joy flooded her eyes as she prayed silently: "Thank You, God Your love has spread through human hearts and hands"

2

老师改变了男孩的人生

The difference a teacher can make

老师改变了男孩的人生

Steve, a twelve-year-old boy with alcoholic parents, was about to be lost forever, by the US education system Remarkably, he could read, yet, in spite of his reading skills, Steve was failing He had been failing since first grade, as he was passed on from grade to grade

史蒂夫已经12岁了,他的父母都是酒鬼,他就要彻底脱离自己的学校生活了。然而很明显,他能够阅读,但他总不及格。从一年级开始,一年一年过去了,他依然不及格。

Steve was a big boy, looking more like a teenager than a twelve year old, yet, Steve went unnoticed until Miss White

史蒂夫长得很健壮,看上去比12岁的孩子要大。但他一直都被人忽略,直到有一天怀特**的到来。

Miss White was a iling, young, beautiful redhead, and Steve was in love!

怀特**总是笑容可掬,年轻,而且有一头迷人的红头发。她是史蒂夫喜欢的型别。

For the first time in his young life, he couldn’t take his eyes off his teacher; yet, still he failed He never did his homework, and he was always in trouble with Miss White

这是他平生第一次,无法把眼睛从老师身上移开,然而,他还是不及格。他没有做作业,他总是找怀特**的碴。

His heart would break under her sharp words, and when he was punished for failing to turn in his homework, he felt just miserable! Still, he did not study

每次她说出尖刻的话时,他都感到自己的心已经碎了。每次完不成作业被罚的时候,他都感到非常痛苦。但他依然不学习。

In the middle of the first semester of school, the entire seventh grade was tested for basic skills

在第一学期的期中,整个七年级要进行基础技能测验。

Steve hurried through his tests, and continued to dream of other things, as the day wore on

史蒂夫匆匆完成了自己的测验,并继续一天天地幻想其他的事情。

His heart was not in school, but in the woods, where he often escaped alone, trying to shut out the sights, sounds and ells of his alcoholic home

他的心并不在学校,而在他经常独自躲藏的树林,在那里,他试图摆脱酒鬼之家的声响和气味。没有人关心他到底安不安全。

No one checked on him to see if he was safe No one knew he was gone, because no one was sober enough to care Oddly, Steve never missed a day of school

也没有人知道他已经走了,因为所有的人都兴奋地没有精力顾及其他。不过奇怪地是,史蒂夫从没有旷过一次课。

One day, Miss White’s impatient voice broke into his daydreams

一天,怀特**急躁的声音打破了他的白日梦。

“Steve!!” Startled, he turned to look at her

“史蒂夫!”他感到很吃惊,转过头去看着她。

“Pay attention!”

“注意力要集中!”

Steve locked his gaze on Miss White with adolescent adoration, as she began to go over the test results for the seventh grade

她宣布七年级测验结果的时候,史蒂夫用那种青春期特有的崇敬盯着怀特**。

“You all did pretty well,” she told the class, “except for one boy, and it breaks my heart to tell you this, but” She hesitated, pinning Steve to his seat with a sharp stare, her eyes searching his face

她对全班说:“你们都考得很好。除了一个男生。告诉你们这个真让我感到伤心。但是……”她停顿了一下,眼光转向史蒂夫的座位,用犀利的目光在他的脸上搜寻着什么。

“The artest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class!”

“我们七年级最聪明的孩子,我的科目竟然不及格!”

She just stared at Steve, as the class spun around for a good look Steve dropped his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips

她盯着史蒂夫,全班同学都转过头来看着他。史蒂夫低下头,盯着自己的指尖。

After that, it was war!! Steve still wouldn’t do his homework Even as the punishments became more severe, he remained stubborn

然而,在那之后,战争依然继续!史蒂夫依然不想做作业。即使惩罚更加严厉,他依然非常顽固。

“Just try it! ONE WEEK!” He was unmoved

“就试一下!一个星期也可以啊!”而他依然无动于衷。

“You’re art enough! You’ll see a change!” Nothing fazed him

“你非常聪明!你会有很大的变化!”任何话语都无法打动他。

“Give yourself a chance! Don’t give up on your life!” Nothing

“给自己一个机会!不要放弃自己的生活。”依然无动于衷。

“Steve! Please! I care about you!”

“史蒂夫,求求你。我很关心你!”

Wow! Suddenly, Steve got it!! Someone cared about him Someone, totally unattainable and perfect, CARED ABOUT HIM!!

哦!突然,史蒂夫好像明白了!有人关心他有人竟然不可思议地关心他

Steve went home from school, thoughtful, that afternoon Walking into the house, he took one look around

那天下午,史蒂夫满怀思绪地回了家。走进屋子之后,他环顾了一下四周。发现父母 著身子已经睡了。

Both parents were passed out, in various stages of undress, and the stench was overpowering! He, quickly, gathered up his camping gear, a jar of peanut butter, a loaf of bread, a bottle of water, and this timehis schoolbooks Grim faced and determined, he headed for the woods

屋子里的恶臭让人无法忍受。他迅速找齐自己的露营装备,一瓶花生酱,一块面包,一瓶水,而且这次他还带上了自己的课本。脸上带着严肃和决心,他又去了树林。

The following Monday he arrived at school on time, and he waited for Miss White to enter the classroom

接下来的周一早上,他准时到了学校,等著怀特**走进教室。

She walked in, all sparkle and iles! God, she was beautiful! He yearned for her ile to turn on him It did not

她神采飞扬地走进来了,脸上带着微笑。天哪!她真是太漂亮了!他希望她能对他微笑,但是没有。

Miss White, immediately, gave a quiz on the weekend homework

怀特**立刻决定对周末的家庭作业进行测验。

Steve hurried through the test, and was the first to hand in his paper With a look of surprise, Miss White took his paper

史蒂夫很快完成了测验,并且第一个交上了答卷。怀特**满脸惊奇地收下了他的卷子。

Obviously puzzled, she began to look it over Steve walked back to his desk, his heart pounding within his chest

很明显,她是满怀疑惑的批阅试卷。史蒂夫回到自己的座位,心怦怦直跳。

As he sat down, he couldn’t resist another look at the lovely woman

坐下之后,他禁不住再次一眼这位美丽的女士。

Miss White’s face was in total shock! She glanced up at Steve, then down, then up Suddenly, her face broke into a radiant ile

怀特**的脸上充满了惊奇。她瞟了一眼史蒂夫,然后又低下头去,但又再次抬起头来。

The artest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first test!

突然她的脸上绽放出了笑容。七年级最聪明的男孩终于第一次通过了测验。

From that moment nothing was the same for Steve Life at home remained the same, but life still changed

从那一刻起,史蒂夫如同换了一个人。虽然家里的生活依旧,但他的生活确实发生了变化。

He discovered that not only could he learn, but he was good at it! He discovered that he could understand and retain knowledge, and that he could translate the things he learned into his own life

他发现自己不仅能够学习,而且能够学得很好!他发现,自己能够理解并牢牢记住知识,并能将学到的知识运用到自己的生活中。史蒂夫开始变得非常优秀。

Steve began to excel! And he continued this course throughout his school life

而且在他的整个学生生涯中,他一直非常优秀。

After high-school Steve enlisted in the Navy, and he had a successful military career

高中毕业之后,史蒂夫应征加入了海军,并且在军队中也非常成功。

During that time, he met the love of his life, he raised a family, and he graduated from college Magna Cum Laude During his Naval career, he inspired many young people, who without him, might not have believed in themselves

那段时间,他认识了自己生命中的最爱,有了自己的家庭,并从Magna Cum Laude大学毕业。在他的海军生涯中,他激励了很多年轻人。

Steve began a second career after the Navy, and he continues to inspire others, as an adjunct professor in a nearby college

如果没有他,这些人可能无法认识到自己的价值。从海军退伍之后,史蒂夫开始了第二职业,他在附近的一所大学担任副教授,并继续启迪他人。

Miss White left a great legacy She saved one boy who has changed many lives I know, because I am the love of his life

怀特**留下了宝贵的财产。她挽救了一个改变许多其他生命的男孩。我了解这些,因为我就是他生命中的最爱。

You see, it’s simple, really A change took place within the heart of one boy, all because of one teacher, who cared

看到了吗其实就是这么简单。仅仅由于一个老师的关心,一个男孩的内心发生了巨大的变化!

第一句,“质量是我们anenterprise的灵魂。”这个看着舒服一点,如果 我是消费者也会选择第一句。因为这句给人的感觉是有力,自信。

第二句“我们认为质量是企业灵魂的语言。”有点太老套,用来激励员工的感觉,所以我推荐你用第一句。

我还为你推荐一下我的这几句,希望对你有帮助。

1Qualityin my heart,inmy brain,processin my hands。质量在我心中,标准在我脑中,工艺在我手中

2We are committed to product excellence It is our believe that product quality reflects the soul of an enterprise我们致力于卓越的产品。这是我们相信产品质量反映了一个企业的灵魂。

3What we pursue is:the quality of our productsis never the best,only better。我们追求的是:我们产品的质量永远没有最好,只有更好

望采纳,(^__^) 嘻嘻

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