情感动词,一般加ed的是人做主语,加ing 的是物做主语,并且意思也不尽相同 Eginteresting/interested This book is interesting 这本书很有趣,主要描述对象是书,书做主语I am interested in this book我对这本书感兴趣,我做主语 初中的就记住这条规则,加ed 是人做主语,加ing 是物做主语,这样就可以了加ing "令人'''" 的意思 类似的例子还有 surprising/surprised令人吃惊的/吃惊的、exciting/excited 令人兴奋的/兴奋的 dispointing/dispointed 令人失望的/失望的 等等等等
情态动词可以表达说话人的某种情感、态度。下面和我一起了解一下,供大家参考。
英语情态动词的主要句型
1、Can I help you ——Yes, please / No, thanks
2、Can + 主语 + 动词原形 Yes, ~ can No, ~ can’t
3、Can I borrow your book----Yes,of course
4、Can I write on the book ------No, you can’t\mustn’t
5、Could \Can you help me---- Yes,of course\Certainly\ Sure
6、Could \Can you tell me the way to the Zoo
7、May I come in----- Come in, please
8、May I sithere----- Yes, please\Sorry, please don’t
9、May I have someCoke---- Yes, of course
10、May/ Could / Can I speak toTom -----Speaking Who’s calling
11、should 、shouldn’t 表示劝告:(1)He should get up early(2)She shouldn’t play computer game too much
12、Should +主语 +动词原形 Yes, ~ should\ No, ~ shouldn’t
初中英语情态动词的特征(1)适用于主语的各种人称和数(have to 比较特殊,其主语是第三人称单数时用has to),并且没有被动语态。例如:He has to go home now
(2)个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,但过去式有时会用来传达比用现在式更加客气、委婉的语气。
(3)情态动词的否定:一般直接在后面加否定词。
情态助动词
1情态助动词包括will,would,shall,should,can,could,may,might,must,need,dare,ought
to,used
to等,后接原形不定式。
2情态助动词不受主语的人称和数的限制。
3两个情态助动词不能连用。
(1)只作情态动词:may,might,must
(2)可作情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare,can
(3)具有情态动词特征:have(had,has)to,used to,ought to
(4)可做情态动词又可作助动词:shall(should),will(would)
(1)具有助动词作用,可以用来构成否定句,疑问句及用于简单回答。
Can you sing English songs 你会唱英语歌吗?Yes,I can 是的,我会。
(2)后接动词原形,接不带to的不定式。She may lose her way 她可能迷路了。
(3)无人称和数的变化。We must stay here 我们必须待在这儿。He must stay here 他必须待在这儿。
(4)有一定的词义,但并不完整,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。(后面加动词原形)
1(用于第一人称,表示将来)将,会
i
shall
be
thirty
next
year
明年我就三十岁了。
2(用在问句中表示征求对方意见,主要用于第一、第三人称)好吗要不要
shall
we
begin
now
我们现在开始好吗
shall
i
wait
outside
我在外面等好吗
shall
i
turn
on
the
lights
我开灯好吗
3(用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等)必须,应,可
you
shall
have
it
back
next
week
下星期一定还你。
he
shall
stay
in
bed
他必须躺在床上。
he
says
he
won't
go,
but
i
say
he
shall
他说他不去,但我说他必须去。
4(用在条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,一般用于第三人称)应,必须
intruders
shall
be
punished
非法闯入者将遭处罚。
如果是shall的话也只能是第4种解释。
但是这样翻译不通。
不能说没有学生必须/应该晚上11点后出门。
翻译上来说应该说。没有学生可能未经过允许11点后出门
英语中的延续性动词是指动作可以持续一段时间的,可以有进行时态。短暂性动词是指不能持续很长时间的,瞬间就完成的,无进行时态。词太多了,无法都总结出来,你看看这几个词吧。
play,
sing,
dance,
run,
swim,
read,
listen
延续性动词
finish,
leave,
go,
come,
begin,
start
短暂性动词
一般上课时老师会讲到的,记住就行了。
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等情态动词后面加动词原形
常用的有can may must,should ,need,have to,ought to,might这些词都是情态动词
初二英语情态动词知识点归纳
11 初中英语情态动词的语法特色CopyRight com
1)初中英语 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示等候或估计某事的发生。
2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变更,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
212 比较can 和be able to的初中英语情态动词
1)can could 表示才干;可能 (过去时用could),
只用于现在式和从前式(could)。be able to能够用于各种时态。
They will be able to tell you the news soon 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
2)只用be able to
a 位于助动词后。
b 情态动词后。
c 表示从前某时刻动作时。
d 用于句首表示前提。
e 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to, 不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out
= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out
初中英语情态动词注意:could不表示时态内容来自
1)提出委婉的恳求,(留神在答复中不可用could)。
--- Could I have the television on
--- Yes, you can / No, you can'tCopyRight com
2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或猜疑。
He couldn't be a bad man
他不大可能是坏人。
213 比较may和might内容来自
1) 表示允许或要求;表示不控制的推测;may 放在句首,表示庆祝。
May God bless you!
He might be at home
初中英语情态动词注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2) 成语: may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。
If that is the case, we may as well try
初中英语情态动词典型例题
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet
A must B may C can D will
答案B 表可能性只能用may 此句意可从后半句推出。
初二英语情态动词学习巩固214 比较have to和must
1) 两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的须要, must 表示谈话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得深夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)
2) have to有人称、数、时态的变革,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday
3) 在否定构造中: don't have to 表示"不必"CopyRight com
mustn't 表示"禁止",
You don't have to tell him about it 你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it 你一定不要把这件事告知他。
215 must表示推测
1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为"一定"。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正产生的事件的推测时, must 后面通常接系动词be 的本相或举动动词的进行式。
You have worked hard all dayYou must be tired 你辛苦干一终日,必定累了。(对现在情形的揣测判断)内容来自
He must be working in his office 他一定在办公室工作呢。
初中英语情态动词比较:
He must be staying there
他现在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there
他必须呆在那。
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone I must have been asleep 我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。内容来自
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
---Why didn't you answer my phone call
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it
5) 否定推测用can't。
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。
216 表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:CopyRight com
1)初中英语情态动词+动词原形。
表示对当初或将来的情况的揣摩,此时动词通常为系动词。
I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan
2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。
表示对现在或未来正在进行的情况进行推测。
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers
这时,咱们老师想必在批改试卷。
3)初中英语情态动词+动词实现时。
表示对过去情况的推测。
We would have finished this work by the end of next December
明年十二月底前咱们很可能已完成这项工作了。
The road is wet It must have rained last night
地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情态动词+动词的当初实现进行时。内容来自
表示对过去正在发生事件的推测。CopyRight com
Your mother must have been looking for you
你妈妈一定始终在找你。CopyRight com
5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning
迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。
初中英语情态动词注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。CopyRight com
217 情态动词+ have +过去分词
1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去,推测过去时光里可能发生的事情。
Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident
Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident
2) must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,存在"肯定","谅必"的`意思。CopyRight com
---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here
---She must have gone by bus
3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth
本应该做某事,而事实上并不做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment
He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away(事实上已扔了。)
ought to 在语气上比should 要强。
4) needn't have done sth 本没必要做某事
I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so The weather was hotCopyRight com
5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy thenCopyRight com
218 should 跟ought to
should 和ought to 都为"应当"的意思,可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go
---Yes I think he ought to
表示请求,命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强
219 had better表示"最好"
had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。CopyRight com
had better do sth
had better not do sth
It is pretty cold You'd better put on my coat内容来自
She'd better not play with the dog
had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为"本来最好"。
You had better have come earlier
2110 would rather表示"甘心"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather… than… 宁愿……而不愿。
还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁肯"的意思。CopyRight com
If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school
I would rather stay here than go home = I would stay here rather than go home
初中英语情态动词典型例题
----Shall we go skating or stay at home
----Which ___ do
A do you rather B would you rather C will you rather D should you rather
谜底B。本题考察情态动词rather的用法,would rather +do sth 意为"情愿",本题为疑问句,would 提前,所以选B。
2111 will和would
初中英语情态动词注意:
1)would like; Would like to do = want to 想要,为固定搭配。
Would you like to go with me
2)Will you… Would you like… 表现断定含意的请求奉劝时,疑难句中个别用some, 而不是any。
Would you like some cake
3)否定结构中用will,一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down
2112 情态动词的回答方式CopyRight com
问句 肯定回答 否定回答
Need you… Yes, I must No,I needn't
Must you… /don't have to
典范例题
1)---Could I borrow your dictionary
---Yes, of course, you____
A might B will C can D should
答案Ccould表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of course,表示确定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表白,不能用could或might。复习: will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用,用来提出劝告。
2)---Shall I tell John about it
---No, you ___ I've told him already
A needn't B wouldn't C mustn't D shouldn't
答案A。needn't 不必,不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 制止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用needn't。
3)---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow
---______
A I don't B I won't C I can't D I haven't内容来自
答案B will既可当作情态动词,表要求、倡导、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、信心",本题表示信念,选B。
2113 带to 的情态动词
带to 的情态动词有四个:ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to,为六个。它们的疑问,否认情势应予以留心:
Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month
She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen
You ought not to have told her all about it
Ought he to see a heart specialist at once
ought to 本身作为情态动词应用。其余的词作为实义动词利用,变疑问,否定时,须有do 等助动词辅助。
初中英语情态动词典型例题
Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm
Ahave told Btell Cbe telling D having told
答案A。由于后句为过去时,告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因,此地应用过去完成时,但它在情态动词 ought to 后,所以用have。
2114 比拟need和dareCopyRight com
这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑难句,否定句跟条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必需带to,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可能被省略。
1) 实义动词: need (需要, 请求)
need + n / to do sth
2)初中英语 情态动词: need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not。
Need you go yet内容来自
Yes, I must / No, I needn't
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