初中英语语法 什么是情态动词

初中英语语法 什么是情态动词,第1张

我认为情态动词和普遍动词的区别在于:

1、情态动词可以和Be动词一样直接和not构成否定句,而普遍动词通常不可以。

如:She

can't

swim

2、情态动词可直接用于疑问句,普通动词则需要利用助动词。

如:Can

you

sing

this

song

What

can

i

do

3、情态动词后跟普通动词时,普通动词用原形。

其实初中英语考试中,情态动词应该是比较简单的一类了。

情感动词,一般加ed的是人做主语,加ing 的是物做主语,并且意思也不尽相同 Eginteresting/interested This book is interesting 这本书很有趣,主要描述对象是书,书做主语I am interested in this book我对这本书感兴趣,我做主语 初中的就记住这条规则,加ed 是人做主语,加ing 是物做主语,这样就可以了加ing "令人'''" 的意思 类似的例子还有 surprising/surprised令人吃惊的/吃惊的、exciting/excited 令人兴奋的/兴奋的 dispointing/dispointed 令人失望的/失望的 等等等等

被动语态

英语动词有主动语态和被动语态之分。在主动句中,动词的主语是执行动作的人或物。在被动句中,主语是动作的承受者。在英语中被动态用得很普通,这样做可以避免用不明确的词作主语,或是将说话的重点放在事件而不是造成该时间的人或物上。

被动语态的构成:be+过去分词。过去分词不一定指过去。

1)一般现在时形式:am/are/is+过去分词

The

room

is

aired

regularly

The

knives

are

sharped

regularly

2)一般过去时形式:was/were+过去分词

She

was

dressed

in

red

The

windows

were

opened

this

morning

3)英语中表达情感的动词通常可用于被动式,这些动词如amuse,embarrass,worry,surprise,interest,upset等

She

is

embarrassed

They

were

worried

被动语态的现在完成时和一般将来时

1)现在完成时形式:has/have+been+过去分词

The

basket

has

already

been

emptied

They

have

already

been

invited

2)一般将来时形式:will/shall+be+过去分词

The

floor

will

be

swept

soon

The

knives

will

be

sharpened

soon

知识点相关讲解这其实是现在分词和过去分词的区别:

表示情感的及物动词如excite, discourage, disappoint, encourage, inspire, interest, move, please, puzzle, surprise, worry等,其分词常加上后缀-ing或-ed转化为分词(也可称为形容词),用作表、定、状或补语。在这种情况下,分词主要体现了语态的不同。现在分词有主动意味,含有“具有令人……的特性”的意思;而过去分词有被动意味,含有“受到影响而感到……”的意思。例如:

In Aswan, there are plenty of interesting places to visit 阿斯旺有许多值得一去的地方。

Some people whose lives are full are always interesting to talk to 有些人的生活经历丰富,与他们交谈总是令人感兴趣的。

If I can find you any support, would you be interested 假如我能为你找到资助,你对此有兴趣吗?

但是,由不及物动词转化而成的分词作形容词时,则体现了时态的不同。现在分词表示该动作正在进行,而过去分词表示该动作已经完成。例如:

The woodcutter was standing next to a fallen tree 那个樵夫站在一棵伐倒的树旁。

fallen leaves落(在地上的)叶(比较:a falling leaf一片飘落的树叶)

boiled water(煮)开(过的)水(比较:boiling water沸腾着的水)

the risen sun升得老高的日头(比较:the rising sun初升的太阳)过去分词和现在分词作定语

一、过去分词作定语

作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成

1 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前

We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况

2 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中

The concert given by their friends was a success他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功

3过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号

The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人

4 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关

The boy looked up with a pleased expression 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视

二、现代分词作定语

单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前,分词短语作定语时放在后,并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系,这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一 。

eg a running boy    

   the girl standing there

并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句

eg a boy who is running

   a girl who is standing there

注意1:分词的完成时不可作定语

注意2:在message/letter/sign/news/notice等词后要用现在分词作定语,不用过去分词,这是考试的易错点。

注意3:某些现在分词作定语时,已不再表示动作,已经从分词变为了形容词词性 egan interesting story/an exciting match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语,但是不能转化为相应的定语从句,但是可以有三级变化(原级/比较级/最高级)和被某些副词如very修饰。 一:

英语中有一些动词能带-ing而不能带不定式,这类常见的有:admit,acknowledge,anticipate,advocate,appreciate,avoid,can\'t help,can\'t resist,can\'t stand,consider,defer,delay,deny,detest,deslike,don\'t mind,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,enjoy,put off,resent,risk,stop等

eg I cant\'t resist bargaining

2动词+宾语+介词+ -ing

一般常见的介词是into

eg I shamed him into returning the stolen money

这类结构的动词有blackmail,deceive,fool等,

还有介词是from的

eg What kept you from joining me

这类的基本含义是“使不”,有时候,from也可以省略

eg Imust stop you (from) destroying yourself

但是要注意如果是被动语态的时候,不能省略

二:

既能接-ing 又能接不定式的动词

attempt,begin,continue,like,need,love, omit,preger,start等,这类此无论接纳个,基本意义没什么太大区别。

还有一种就是接的不同意义不同

forget,remember,go on, mean, stop等 动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一: ○1 动词ed作形容词:表示被动或已发生,常作定语。The boy named Peter is my friend 那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。

此处是后置定语,划线部分起修饰作用,下同。

He’s eating fried chicken “他在吃炸鸡。”做chicken的前置定语。

There is no time left “没时间剩余了。”做time的后置定语。

I have read a novel written by Lu Xun我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。做后置定语。下同。

He lives in a house built twenty years ago 他住在一个二十年前被建造的房子里。

一般来说,定语部分不只一个词时, 常放在名词的后面。

动词ing作形容词:表示正在进行或表示功能,常作定语。

the crying boy, a running bus, the rising sun, a bus running on the road,

the boy crying in the corner (以上表示正在进行)

a sitting room, the bathing suit, a cutting machine, writing paper…… (本行表示功能)

由一些及物动词派生而来,和心理感受有关,但ed修饰人,ing常修饰物。 以下词凡是译为“使…”的及物动词,其ed形式的形容词都译为“感到…的”,其ing形式的形容词都译为“令人(感到)…的”。以下带-ed形式的词的各个短语一般都译为“对…感到…”。

及物动词, 后接人 ed形式及常见短语

excite(使兴奋,使激动) excited (be ~d about)

surprise(使惊讶,使吃惊) surprised (be ~d at)

amaze(使吃惊) amazed (be ~d at)

embarrass(使尴尬) embarrassed(be ~ed in)

encourage(使受鼓舞, 鼓励) encouraged(be ~ed at / by)

frustrate(使失望,使沮丧) frustrated (be ~d of)

interest(使感兴趣) interested (be ~ed in)

thrill(使激动/ 紧张) thrilled (be ~ed at)

terrify(使恐怖,使害怕) terrified (be terrified at/ of / with)

please (使高兴,使满意) pleased (be ~d with)

satisfy (使满意) satisfied(be satisfied with)

frighten (使害怕,使惊惧) frightened (be ~ed at / of )

tire(使厌烦) tired (be ~d of)

bore(使厌烦) bored (be ~d with)

relax(使放松) relaxed (无固定搭配)

fascinate(使着迷) fascinated (be ~d by)

ing形式

exciting

surprising

amazing

embarrassing

encouraging

frustrating

interesting

thrilling

terrifying

pleasing, = pleasant

satisfying

frightening

tiring

boring

relaxing

fascinating

annoying

moving

worrying

confusing

move(使感动)

worry(使担忧)

confuse(使困惑)

His words amazed me The news frustrated us very much (都是及物动词,后接人)

His words were amazing (修饰物) I was amazed at his words (修饰人)

How exciting the film is! (修饰物) He was moved by the movie (修饰人)

  初二英语情态动词知识点归纳

 11 初中英语情态动词的语法特色CopyRight com

 1)初中英语 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示等候或估计某事的发生。

 2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

 3) 情态动词没有人称,数的变更,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

 4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。

 212 比较can 和be able to的初中英语情态动词

 1)can could 表示才干;可能 (过去时用could),

 只用于现在式和从前式(could)。be able to能够用于各种时态。

 They will be able to tell you the news soon 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

 2)只用be able to

 a 位于助动词后。

 b 情态动词后。

 c 表示从前某时刻动作时。

 d 用于句首表示前提。

 e 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to, 不能用could。

 He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out

 = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out

 初中英语情态动词注意:could不表示时态内容来自

 1)提出委婉的恳求,(留神在答复中不可用could)。

 --- Could I have the television on

 --- Yes, you can / No, you can'tCopyRight com

 2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或猜疑。

 He couldn't be a bad man

 他不大可能是坏人。

 213 比较may和might内容来自

 1) 表示允许或要求;表示不控制的推测;may 放在句首,表示庆祝。

 May God bless you!

 He might be at home

 初中英语情态动词注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。

 2) 成语: may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。

 If that is the case, we may as well try

 初中英语情态动词典型例题

 Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet

 A must  B may  C can  D will

 答案B 表可能性只能用may 此句意可从后半句推出。

初二英语情态动词学习巩固

 214 比较have to和must

 1) 两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的须要, must 表示谈话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。

 My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得深夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)

 He said that they must work hard 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)

 2) have to有人称、数、时态的变革,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。

 He had to look after his sister yesterday

 3) 在否定构造中: don't have to  表示"不必"CopyRight com

 mustn't    表示"禁止",

 You don't have to tell him about it  你不一定要把此事告诉他。

 You mustn't tell him about it    你一定不要把这件事告知他。

 215 must表示推测

 1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为"一定"。

 2) must表对现在的状态或现在正产生的事件的推测时, must 后面通常接系动词be 的本相或举动动词的进行式。

 You have worked hard all dayYou must be tired  你辛苦干一终日,必定累了。(对现在情形的揣测判断)内容来自

 He must be working in his office 他一定在办公室工作呢。

 初中英语情态动词比较:

 He must be staying there

 他现在肯定呆在那里。

 He must stay there

 他必须呆在那。

 3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。

 I didn't hear the phone I must have been asleep 我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。内容来自

 4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。

 ---Why didn't you answer my phone call

 ---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it

 5) 否定推测用can't。

 If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet 如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。

 216 表示推测的用法

 can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测,其用法如下:CopyRight com

 1)初中英语情态动词+动词原形。

 表示对当初或将来的情况的揣摩,此时动词通常为系动词。

 I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan

 2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。

 表示对现在或未来正在进行的情况进行推测。

 At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers

 这时,咱们老师想必在批改试卷。

 3)初中英语情态动词+动词实现时。

 表示对过去情况的推测。

 We would have finished this work by the end of next December

 明年十二月底前咱们很可能已完成这项工作了。

 The road is wet It must have rained last night

 地是湿的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。

 4)情态动词+动词的当初实现进行时。内容来自

 表示对过去正在发生事件的推测。CopyRight com

 Your mother must have been looking for you

 你妈妈一定始终在找你。CopyRight com

 5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。

 Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning

 迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。

 初中英语情态动词注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如can, may。CopyRight com

 217 情态动词+ have +过去分词

 1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去,推测过去时光里可能发生的事情。

 Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident

 Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident

 2) must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,存在"肯定","谅必"的`意思。CopyRight com

 ---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here

 ---She must have gone by bus

 3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth

 本应该做某事,而事实上并不做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。

 You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment

 He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away(事实上已扔了。)

 ought to 在语气上比should 要强。

 4) needn't have done sth  本没必要做某事

 I dressed very warmly for the trip, but I needn't have done so The weather was hotCopyRight com

 5) would like to have done sth  本打算做某事

 I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy thenCopyRight com

 218 should 跟ought to

 should 和ought to 都为"应当"的意思,可用于各种人称。

 ---Ought he to go

 ---Yes I think he ought to

 表示请求,命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强

 219 had better表示"最好"

 had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。CopyRight com

 had better do sth

 had better not do sth

 It is pretty cold You'd better put on my coat内容来自

 She'd better not play with the dog

 had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果,意为"本来最好"。

 You had better have come earlier

 2110 would rather表示"甘心"

 would rather do

 would rather not do

 would rather… than…  宁愿……而不愿。

 还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁肯"的意思。CopyRight com

 If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school

 I would rather stay here than go home = I would stay here rather than go home

 初中英语情态动词典型例题

 ----Shall we go skating or stay at home

 ----Which ___ do

 A do you rather  B would you rather  C will you rather  D should you rather

 谜底B。本题考察情态动词rather的用法,would rather +do sth 意为"情愿",本题为疑问句,would 提前,所以选B。

 2111 will和would

 初中英语情态动词注意:

 1)would like; Would like to do = want to 想要,为固定搭配。

 Would you like to go with me

 2)Will you… Would you like… 表现断定含意的请求奉劝时,疑难句中个别用some, 而不是any。

 Would you like some cake

 3)否定结构中用will,一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。

 Won't you sit down

 2112 情态动词的回答方式CopyRight com

 问句   肯定回答    否定回答

 Need you…  Yes, I must   No,I needn't

 Must you…           /don't have to

 典范例题

 1)---Could I borrow your dictionary

 ---Yes, of course, you____

 A might B will  C can  D should

 答案Ccould表示委婉的语气,并不为时态。答语中of course,表示确定的语气,允许某人做某事时,用can和 may来表白,不能用could或might。复习: will 与you连用,用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用,用来提出劝告。

 2)---Shall I tell John about it

 ---No, you ___ I've told him already

 A needn't  B wouldn't  C mustn't  D shouldn't

 答案A。needn't 不必,不用。 wouldn't 将不, 不会的。 mustn't 制止、不能。 shouldn't 不应该。本题为不需要,不必的意思,应用needn't。

 3)---Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow

 ---______

 A I don't  B I won't  C I can't D I haven't内容来自

 答案B will既可当作情态动词,表要求、倡导、也可作为实义动词表"意愿、意志、信心",本题表示信念,选B。

 2113 带to 的情态动词

 带to 的情态动词有四个:ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to,为六个。它们的疑问,否认情势应予以留心:

 Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month

 She didn't use to play tennis before she was fourteen

 You ought not to have told her all about it

 Ought he to see a heart specialist at once

 ought to 本身作为情态动词应用。其余的词作为实义动词利用,变疑问,否定时,须有do 等助动词辅助。

 初中英语情态动词典型例题

 Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm

 Ahave told Btell Cbe telling D having told

 答案A。由于后句为过去时,告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因,此地应用过去完成时,但它在情态动词 ought to 后,所以用have。

 2114 比拟need和dareCopyRight com

 这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑难句,否定句跟条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必需带to,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可能被省略。

 1) 实义动词: need (需要, 请求)

 need + n / to do sth

 2)初中英语 情态动词: need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not。

 Need you go yet内容来自

 Yes, I must / No, I needn't

英语中的延续性动词是指动作可以持续一段时间的,可以有进行时态。短暂性动词是指不能持续很长时间的,瞬间就完成的,无进行时态。词太多了,无法都总结出来,你看看这几个词吧。

play,

sing,

dance,

run,

swim,

read,

listen

延续性动词

finish,

leave,

go,

come,

begin,

start

短暂性动词

一般上课时老师会讲到的,记住就行了。

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