新概念英语第二册:第50课课文详解及语法解析

新概念英语第二册:第50课课文详解及语法解析,第1张

#新概念英语# 导语新概念英语作为家喻户晓的经典之作,它有着全新的教学理念,有趣的课文内容及其全面的技能训练,为广大的英语学习者提供帮助!如果你也想学好英语,又怎能错过新概念英语?下面 考 网为您提供了相关内容,希望对您有所帮助!

 课文详注 Further notes on the text

 1I went on an excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected最近我作了一次短途旅行,但这次旅行所花费的时间比我预计的要长。

 (1)go on在这里的含义为“为(某一目的)而去”:

 I'll go on holiday next month

 我下个月去度假。

 Did you go on a trip last month

 你上个月去旅行了吗

 (2)take在句中的含义为“花费(时间)”。take表示此含义时,主语通常不用人,而用某件事,并常用带先行主语it的结构:

 It took me half an hour to walk to the station/to repair the bicycle

 走到车站/修理自行车花了我半个小时的时间。

 2I'll tell you where to get off我会告诉您在哪儿下车。

 (1)where to get off是一个“连接副词+不定式短语”结构,其中的连接副词通常为疑问副词。这种结构接近一个名词从句,常

 在tell, show, know, decide, teach, learn, wonder,

 remember, explain等动词后作宾语:

 Did Mary tell you when to come

 玛丽告诉你什么时候来了吗

 Do you know how to open the box

 你知道如何打开这盒子吗

 He didn't tell me where to put those books

 他没有告诉我把那些书放在哪里。

 (2)get off与 get on为一对反义词,分别表示“(从汽车等上)下来”和“登上(汽车、火车等)”,off与on既可以作副词又可以作介词:

 No one got on/ off(the bus)at the last bus stop

 在上个公共汽车站没有人上/下车。

 3I sat in the front of the bus to get a good view of the countryside我坐在汽车的前部,以便饱览农村风光。

 (1)in the front of表示“在(某一事物的)前部”:

 I don't like to sit in the front of a car

 我不喜欢坐在汽车的前座上。

 There is a ship in the front of the photo

 这张照片的前景中有条船。

 in front of则表示“在……前面”,两者间往往有距离:

 He stopped his car in front of a school

 他把车停在一个学校前面。

 (2)不定式短语to get…在句子中作目的状语。(cf第49课语法)

 4This is as far as we go我们的车就到此为止了。

 as far as表示“到……程度/限度”、“就……的限度而言”:

 As far as I know, they haven't returned from abroad

 就我所知,他们还没有从国外回来。

 This is as far as I can help you

 我所能帮你的仅止于此。

 5I forgot to put you off我忘了让您下车了。

 put off的含义之一是“让……下车(或飞机、船等)”:

 They put me off at a small station

 他们让我在一个小站下了车。

 6Well, in that case, I prefer to stay on the bus好吧,既然如此,我还是留在车上吧。

 (1)well单独使用时通常为感叹词,有时表示同意、顺从、踌躇等情感,有时则仅起连接作用,相当于汉语的“嗯”、“噢”、“喔”等。

 (2)in that/this case表示“既然是这/那样”、“假使那/这样的话”:

 Is he one of your best friends In that/this case, you may invite him

 他是你的朋友之一吗既然如此,你可以邀请他。

 语法 Grammar in use

 一般现在时

 在第26课的语法中,我们讲到有些表示状态和感觉的动词通常用于一般现在时而不用于进行时,如:appear, appreciate, believe, feel, forget, hear, know, like, look, notice, remember, resemble, see, think, understand。除了这些动词之外,另外有些表示所属关系以及喜好、憎恶、需要等感情的动词通常也只用于一般现在时而不用于进行时。这些动词包括 belong to, consist of, contain, desire, detest, dislike, hate, hope, love, matter, mean, mind, need, want, wish等。它们往往表示通常的状态而不是具体动作。

 The car belongs to Dan

 那辆车是丹的。(不可用进行时)

 I need a new hat

 我需要一顶新帽子。(表示状态)

对某种情想或感情状态正在逐新形成或萌芽的状态。“初具雏形“一词通常用来描述某件事物或观念在发展过程中已经有了基本的形态或特征,但距离完全成熟还有一段距离,在情感表达方面,“初具雏形”可以表示一个人对某种情想或感情状态正在逐新形成或萌芽的状态。初具雏形在艺术、科技、文化和社会等各个领域,都可以使用“初具雏形“来表示正在发展中的新事物或新概念。

Lesson 11 How to grow old 第十一课论老之将至

by BERTRAND RUSSELL from Portraits from Memory

11-1 Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death

译文 有些老人因恐惧死亡而苦恼。

单词和短语

oppress:使(心情等)沉重;使烦恼,折磨(to make someone feel unhappy, worried, or uncomfortable),

例如: A sense of trouble ahead oppressed my spirits 前面的重重困难使我心情沉重。

be oppressed by the unpleasant climate 被讨厌的气候弄得烦恼

a writer oppressed by his shortcomings 对自己的短处感到苦恼的作家

Somehow, the room oppressed him 这房间不知怎么使他感到压抑。

11-2 In the young there is a justification for this feeling

译文年轻人害怕死亡是可以理解的。

讲解in the young意为“在年轻人身上”。in sb即为“在某人身上”。the young指年轻人。

单词和短语

justification:正当的理由;借口(a good and acceptable reason for doing something),

例如: believe with amplejustification that someone is guilty 有充分理由相信某人有罪

You have no justification for criticizing his in that way 你没有理由那样批评他。

11-3 Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer

译文有些年轻人担心他们会在战斗中丧生。一想到会失去生活能给予他们的种种美好事物,他们就感到痛苦。这种担心并非无缘无故,也情有可原。

讲解who have reason…battle为定语从句,修饰young men。that they have cheated…offer为同位语从句,说明thought的内容。that life has to offer为定语从句,修饰things。

单词和短语

与cheat someone(out)of something类似的结构还有rob someone of something。 11-4 But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble

译文但对于经历了人世悲欢、履行了个人职责的老人,害怕死亡就有些可怜且可耻了。

讲解whatever work it was in him to do作achieved的宾语从句。这里的in表示能力。in him即他有能力。whatever work相当于any work,作do的宾语。it是形式主语,to do才是真正的主语。who has known…him to do为定语从句,修饰an old man, has known和has achieved为who的并列谓语。

单词和短语

abject:可鄙的,卑鄙的(an abject action or expression shows that your feel very ashamed),

例如: an abject coward 可鄙的懦夫

an abject fear 卑怯

abject另一常见意为“绝望无助的,凄苦可怜的(the state of being extremely poor, unhappy, unsuccessful etc)”,

例如: abject poverty 赤贫 abject failure 惨败

ignoble:卑鄙的;不光彩的;可耻的(ignoble thoughts, feelings, or actions are ones that you should feel ashamed or embarrassed about),

例如: an ignoble purpose 卑鄙的目的 There’s something cowardly and ignoble about such an attitude 这样的态度有点怯懦可鄙。

11-5 The best way to overcome it—so at least it seems to me—is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life

译文克服这种恐惧的办法是——至少我这样看——逐渐扩大你的兴趣范围并不为个人情感所左右,直至像一堵高墙的自我一点一点离开你,而你的生活则越来越融合于大众的生活之中。

讲解so at least it seems to me系插入语,是倒装语序,自然语序是at least it seems so to me,这里的it指整个句子。overcome后的it指fear of death。to make your interests…impersonal作表语。the walls of the ego系暗喻(metaphor)修辞手法,意为“像一堵高墙的自我”。

单词和短语

impersonal:非个人的;非特指某一个人的;不受个人感情(或偏见)影响的,客观的(not showing any feelings of sympathy, friendliness, etc),

例如: The teacher’s criticism of the class was impersonal 教师对班级的批评并非针对某个同学。 impersonal assessment 客观的评价

11-6 An individual human existence should be like a river—small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls

译文每个人的生活都应像河水一样——开始是涓涓细流,限制在狭窄的两岸之间,然后热烈地冲过巨石,滑下瀑布。

讲解an individual human…a river是明喻(simile)修辞手法,small at first…over waterfalls构成延伸比喻(extended metaphor),延伸比喻是把原比喻加以延伸,对原比喻作进一步说明。这里的破折号引出说明语。

单词和短语

passionately的形容词形式为passionate,的名词形式为passion。 11-7 Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being

译文其后河面逐渐展宽,两岸相距愈远,水流也愈趋平缓,最后则注入大海,与海水浑然一体,了无痕迹,河水自然而然就此消失了。

讲解本句作者仍然运用延伸比喻手法,是对明喻like a river进一步延伸说明。与上句不同之处在于,前句的延伸比喻由一系列短语构成,本句的延伸比喻则由一系列短句构成。

单词和短语

painless:不难的,不费力的(not difficult or unpleasant to do),

例如: the painless way to learn Chinese 学汉语的简易方法

11-8 The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue

译文能够这样理解自己一生的老人将不会因害怕死亡而痛苦,因为他所珍爱的一切都将继续存在。

讲解who, in old age, can see his life in this way为定语从句,修饰man。he cares for是定语从句,作things的定语。

11-9 And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome

译文而且,如果随着精力的衰退,疲倦之感与日俱增,长眠并非是不受欢迎的念头。

讲解with the decay of vitality作状语,修饰increases。提前乃是为了强调。the thought of rest,这里的rest指death,乃是委婉语(euphemism)。委婉语即是把粗鲁或不中听的话改用温和顺耳的话表达。will be not unwelcome是双重否定结构。否定式谓语+含否定意义的词构成双重否定,表示委婉语气。

又如: What’s done cannot be undone 已经做了的事后悔也无用。 I could not disobey him 我是不得不服从他的。

单词和短语

unwelcome:(自己)不想要的,(令本人)讨厌的,尴尬的(something that is unwelcome is not wanted, especially because it might cause embarrassment or problems),

例如: I feared that my arrival might draw the unwelcome attention of officials 我担心我的到达可能会引起官员们的注意,而这正是我不希望的。

11-10 I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done

译文我倒希望死于尚能劳作之时,因为知道他人将继续我未竟的事业,我大可因为已竭尽所能而心存安慰。

讲解I should wish to die中用should表示委婉语气,意为“我倒希望”。while still at work中while和still之间省略了I am。时间状语从句中主语与主句的主语相同或是it时,这从句里的主语和动词be可省略。knowing that…no longer do作原因状语,修饰wish to die。content in the thought…done与knowing…do并列作原因状语,形容词content前省略了being。what was possible是主语从句。

单词和短语

carry on:继续,进行;经营(if you carry on a particular kind of work or activity, you do it or take part in it),

例如: They carried on the discussion late into the night 他们一直讨论到深夜。 carry on a hardware business 经营五金店

我来回答:

女人是务虚的,更是务实的。

女人的务虚表现为追求被爱的激情,女人被爱时为什么幸福感非常强烈呢?因为女人敏感且十分缺乏自信的。非常需要异性的肯定与赞美,并在这种肯定与赞美中,寻找自己的价值。在拥有青春与美貌时的女人尤其如此。女人几乎把这种肯定与赞美视同为爱情。

女人的务实,有了务虚的爱情基础,女人才有信心和这个男人共同生活,要不就缺乏安全感。女人一般来说控制欲都是很强的,从感情到生活,女人都视男人如何肯定与赞美自己的强度来证明自己的存在与影响对方的能力,特别是生活中的话语权!这是女人们追求的懈的“软实力”

了解了务虚五务实的两点,你大概可以找到你们之的问题了。

所谓第四情感,几乎所有爱情的完美归宿,没有一个女人不心向往之。因为既有爱情,又有亲情与友情,对女人来说是百利而无一害的,反而是男人因为有了爱情没有了花民的权利。

那么你的女友为什么这说呢?其实很简单,只有两种可能:

一、对现状不满,特别是对你的不满,找有关“爱情”的美丽藉口。情绪上寻求解脱,当然可能不会严重到考虑“分手”。但这是一个信号。

二、抱怨您对她“爱”的不够,或是漠视她的存在,赞美与恭伟不够。使他没有感受到重要性,对未来产生不确定心理。

如果是第一种情况,你可以考虑分手了,因为这会给你带来太多压力,女人却因为你爱她,以逸待劳,拖死你一辈子,这种女人不是好女人

如果是第二种,你是主动的,如果你在意她,多多有意识的给他赞美吧,时间会证明她正在无病呻吟的。而且是幸福的呻吟。

了解没?呵呵

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