romanticism: Romanticism is attitudes, ideals and feelings which are romantic rather than realistic
rhythm:
A rhythm is a regular series of sounds or movements
A rhythm is a regular pattern of changes, for example changes in your body, in the seasons, or in the tides
heroic:If you describe a person or their actions as heroic, you admire them because they show extreme bravery
couplet:A couplet is two lines of poetry which come next to each other, especially two lines that rhyme with each other and are the same length
sonnet:A sonnet is a poem that has 14 lines Each line has 10 syllables, and the poem has a fixed pattern of rhymes
neoclassicism:revival of a classical style (in art or literature or architecture or music) but from a new perspective or with a new motivation
新古典主义推崇理性,强调明晰、对称、节制、优雅,追求艺术形式的完美与和谐。亚历山大·蒲柏(alexander pope, 1688-1744)是新古典主义诗歌的代表,他模仿罗马诗人,诗风精巧隽俏,内容以说教与讽刺为主,形式多用英雄双韵体,但缺乏深厚感情。英国新古典主义时期的代表作家:约翰班扬 John Bunyan, 代表作《天路历程》(The Pilgrim's Progress)亚历山大蒲伯 Alexander Pope 新古典主义诗歌的代表,他模仿罗马诗人,诗风精巧隽俏,内容以说教与讽刺为主,形式多用英雄双韵体,但缺乏深厚感情。他出版了散文《论批评》(An Essay on Criticism),从此奠定了他在诗坛的地位。次年,他又出版了《夺发记》(The Rape of the Lock),一部极妙的讽刺史诗。丹尼尔笛福 Daniel Defoe 代表作《鲁宾逊漂流记》(Robinson Crusoe)乔纳森斯威夫特 Jonathan Swift 代表作《格列佛游记》(Gulliver's Travels)亨利菲尔丁 Henry Fielding 代表作 《弃儿汤姆·琼斯的历史》(The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling )塞缪尔约翰逊Samuel Johnson 编撰英文词典的第一个英国人,作品为《英文大词典》(A Dictionary of the English Language),这部巨著是塞缪尔约翰逊花了七年时间独自完成的。理查德比谢立丹Richard Brinsley Sheridan 代表作《情敌》(The Rivals )和《造谣学校》(The School for Scandal)被认为是上承莎士比亚,下接萧伯纳的纽带,是真正的英国古典派喜剧。托马斯格雷Thomas Gray 代表作《墓园挽歌》(Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard )英国的浪漫主义文学产生于18世纪末,19世纪上半叶为繁荣时期。漫主义文学的先驱是18世纪中后期的诗人罗伯特彭斯(Robert Burns)和威廉布莱克(William Blake)。彭斯从苏格兰民歌中吸取养料,其《苏格兰方言诗集》(《Poems,chiefly in Scottish dialcet》)擅长抒情和讽刺,语言通俗;布莱克的《天真之歌》(《Songs of Innocence》)、《经验之歌》(《Songs of Experience》)则憧憬理想的社会秩序,清新奔放,富有独创性。然而,浪漫主义思潮中就形成两种对立的流派,即积极浪漫主义(Active Romanticism)和消极浪漫主义(Passive Romanticism)。积极浪漫主义是进步的潮流,敢于正视现实,批判社会的黑暗,它引导人们向前看,消极浪漫主义属反动的逆流,采取消极逃避的态度,反对现状,留恋过去,它引导人们往后看。英国浪漫主义第一批真正的大师则是被称为“湖畔派”(Lake Poet)的三位诗人,他们也是消极浪漫主义的代表。诗人威廉华兹华斯(William Worsworth)(1770-1850)与萨缪尔柯勒律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)(1772-1834)和罗伯特骚塞(1774-1843)。华兹华斯是湖畔派诗人中成就最高者,他与“湖畔派”另一诗人柯勒律治共同出版《抒情歌谣集》,成为英国浪漫主义文学的奠基之作。新崛起的诗人把英国的浪漫主义文学推向高潮,代表诗人是拜伦(Byron)、雪莱(Shelley)和济慈(kates)。他们是积极浪漫主义者,和湖畔派诗人的不同之处在于其作品更具战斗意识和政治倾向。雪莱写有《钦契一家》、《 西风颂 》、《云雀颂》和《自由颂》等大量的诗篇和诗剧,以及著名的论文《诗辩》等。诗剧《解放了的普罗米修斯》(《Prometheus Unbounded》)是雪莱的代表作。
美国现实主义
The representation in art or literature of objects, actions, or social conditions as they actually are, without idealization or presentation in abstract form
真实性,现实主义:在艺术或文学中将事物,行为或社会状况按其起初情况进行的表现,而不用模糊的形式来表现或理想化
美国浪漫主义
An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions
浪漫主义运动:起源于18世纪末期欧洲的一种对大自然有强烈的兴趣且注重个人情感和想象力的表达的艺术和知识上的运动,它与古典主义的观点和形式相悖并反对公认的社会制度和习俗
意象主义
A literary movement launched by British and American poets early in the 20th century in reaction against Victorian sentimentalism that advocated the use of free verse, common speech patterns, and clear concrete images
意象主义:在20世纪早期由英美诗人发起的反对维多利亚式伤感主义的一场文学运动,主张使用自由体、普通的语言模式和清晰具体的影象
现代主义
The deliberate departure from tradition and the use of innovative forms of expression that distinguish many styles in the arts and literature of the 20th century
现代主义:与传统方式明显不同,使用创新表达方式的20世纪多种风格的文学艺术形式
romantic (adj)
romantically (adv) 浪漫派诗人
the romantic poets
浪漫的经历
a romantic adventure
秘密的浪漫
a backdoor romance
秘密的浪漫
A backdoor romance
浪漫诗歌综览
a view of Romantic poetry
写实的浪漫作品
a true - life romance
浪漫的青少年;
a romantic adolescent;
诗意的浪漫经历
a poetic romance
浪漫诗歌综览
A view of Romantic poetry
浪漫诗歌或传说
A verse romance or tale
romantic scenes
富于浪漫色彩的情景[景色]
romantic poetry
浪漫主义诗歌
romantic music
浪漫主义音乐
romantic drama
浪漫主义戏剧
the romantic poets
浪漫派诗人
a romantic scheme
不现实的计划
a romantic report
夸大的报道
a romantic poet
浪漫主义诗人
a romantic adventure
浪漫的经历
romantic notions
异想天开的念头
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