历年英语专八翻译汉译英

1997C-E原文：来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。

参考译文：Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful My supervisor is of Asian origin He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 am to 12:00 pm Nothing but work during the working hours” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their PhD degrees In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisor’s sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit

1998年C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……

这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优秀传统的印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族的共同理想。在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。

日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……

参考译文：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange, brief and cursory as it is, has enabled us to see many places, to visit old friends while making new acquaintances Whenever people gather together, an important topic of discussion has been how the Chinese nation can become prosperous and powerful in the 21st century Although the young people on the Mainland and in Taiwan live in different social contexts (environments / milieus), with their individually different experiences of life, in the innermost recesses of their hearts are wrought an indelible mark by the fine traditions of the Chinese culture They all cherish the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation (They share the same ideal to rejuvenate the Chinese nation) In this great epoch at the turn of the century, our motherland is developing toward greater prosperity and powerfulness People across the Taiwan Straits are bound to strengthen their exchanges and will mutually promote the earliest possible achievement of the great cause of reunification of the motherland The precious opportunities and the tremendous challenges at the turn of the century have pushed the young people to the foreground (forefront) of the historical arena (stage) At this transitional phase between the two millennia, in what way the young generation should embrace the forthcoming new century replete with hopes is a question to which we have to seek an answer

1999C-E原文：加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达到8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。

温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。

参考译文：The glory of Vancouver has been achieved through the wisdom and the industry of the Vancouver people, including the contributions of many ethnic groups Canada, sparsely populated, has a territory larger than that of China, but its population is only less than 30 million Consequently, to attracting immigrants from other countries has become a national policy long practiced/followed/cherished by Canada All Canadians except the American Indians, so to speak, are foreign immigrants, differing only in the length of time they have settled in Canada Vancouver, in particular, is one of the few most celebrated multi-ethnic cities in the world Among the 18 million Vancouver residents, half of them are non-natives and one out of every four residents is from Asia The 250,000 Chinese there have played a decisive role in the transformation of Vancouver's economy Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver over the past five years only, rendering Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where the Chinese inhabit

2000C-E原文：中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。

世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。

中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆!它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。

参考译文（1）The first generation of museums are what might be called natural museums which, by means of fossils, specimens and other objects, introduced to people the evolutionary history of the Earth and various kinds of organisms The second generation are those of industrial technologies which presented the fruits achieved by industrial civilization at different stages of industrialization Despite the fact that those two generations of museums helped to disseminate / propagate / spread scientific knowledge, they nevertheless treated visitors merely as passive viewers

The third generation of museums in the world are those replete with / full of wholly novel concepts / notions / ideas In those museums, visitors are allowed to operate the exhibits with their own hands, to observe and to experience carefully By getting closer to the advanced science and technologies in this way, people can probe into their secret mysteries

The China Museum of Science and Technology is precisely one of such museums It has incorporated some of the most fascinating features of those museums with international reputation Having designed and created exhibits in mechanics, optics, electrical science, thermology, acoustics, and biology, those exhibits demonstrate scientific principles and present the most advanced scientific and technological achievements

2001C-E原 文乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说，“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。” 钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”

参考译文：In his later years (Late in his life), Qiao Yu has become enamored of fishing (developed a penchant / special fondness for fishing) He asserts: “ Mostly speaking, a place with water and fish must necessarily be blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood I believe that the optimum fishing places are not those commercial fishing centers which provide the fishermen with all the conveniences and where fish are kept hungry for ready capture, but those naturally-formed places in the wilderness which exert a special appeal” According to him, fishing can constitute an activity conducive to the cultivation of one’s temperament and to one’s health, at once physical and psychological Qiao Yu claims: “Fishing can be divided into three stages The first stage consists of mere fish-eating; the second a combination of fish-eating and the pleasure (enjoyment) of fishing; the third primarily the pleasure of fishing when, confronted with a pond of clear water, one puts aside all his troubling vexations and annoyances and enjoys the total relaxation both mentally and physically”

2002年C-E:大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一直并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，除草和栽花；在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌；往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。

参考译文：The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor, and therefore all men are strongly attached to her This is particularly true in the rural areas, where people have kept the same lifestyle for a millennium or so They plant crops and grapevines, brew wine to drink, feed cows to milk, and weed gardens to grow flowers They go to church at weekends, and they meet in the square on holidays, playing the violin, singing and dancing The age-old land remains the same as their family hearth Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go down

2003C-E: 得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿感打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片繁华，自己的哥姐，堂表弟兄，也穿插其间，个个喜气洋洋。一霎时，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。

参考译文：Before I was taken ill, I had been a spoiled child of my parents, getting things my way in the family Once isolated and confined to a small house on the slope of the garden, I suddenly found myself in disfavour and my wings clipped One spring evening, with myriads of flowers in full bloom in the garden, my parents held a garden party in honour of many guests, whose arrival at once filled the place with laughing chats In the small house on the slope, I quietly lifted the curtain, only to be met by a great and prosperous world with my elder brothers and sisters and my cousins among the guests, all in jubilation All at once, seized by a fit of forlorn rage, I could not help bursting into tears

2004C-E: 在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿筵席，缺点就都找出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”。

参考译文：We should not be too romantic in interpersonal relations Human beings are interesting in that they tend to first see good in a new acquaintance This is like dining in a restaurant You will be not only favorably impressed with the first two courses However, the more you have, the more sober you become until the dinner ends up with all the flaws exposed Consequently, your joy would give way to anger; your praises to criticism or even fault-finding; and your nodding in agreement to shaking the head What accounts for all this is, in the first place, you are hungry when you start to eat As the saying goes, “Hunger is the best sauce”, and vice versa

2005C-E:一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待工作、生活的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。

古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。

参考译文：What is the significance of life Is there any criterion for its measurement Difficult as it is to advance an absolute one, it will not be so to judge the very meaning of one’s existence generally from whether he is serious about life and what his attitudes are towards work and life

Throughout the ages, all people of accomplishment take their lives seriously As long as they are alive, they would rather devote themselves to more work and study than let a single minute slip by in vain And the same is true of the common labourers as well as the great statesmen and thinkers in our country

2006C-E:中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占有比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。因此我们的苦闷基本上比西方人为少为小：因为苦闷的强弱原是随欲望与野心的大小而转移的。农业社会的人比工业社会的人享受差得多，因此欲望也小的多。何况中国古代素来以不怠于物不为物役为最主要的人生哲学。

参考译文：Chinese people has never thought of human being as the highest creature among everything since ancient times, whose reflection takes a quite appropriate proportion with all others in our natural world in both aspects of philosophy and arts, but not as an absolute dominant ruler Therefore, our bitterness and depression are basically less than those of westerners, because the intensity of which is growing with the expansion of one's desire and ambition People in the agriculture society enjoyed far less than people in the industry society, thus their wants are far less either Besides, ancient Chinese always regard "not confined by material, not driven by material" as the major philosophy

2007C-E:暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。这是黄河滩上的一幕。牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。只有这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。

参考译文：Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep are lowing their heads, eating by the river bank Hardly none of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk They are, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home This is a picture of the Yellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappears, and no one knows where he is resting himself Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, are joyfully appreciating the dusk The exuberant water plants have nutrited the sheep, making them grow as fat as balls When approaching near, you would find their lily-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial impressions

Romantic Tryst

tryst

[traist, trist]

n

约会, 幽会

v

约会

tryst

[trIst, traIst]

n

约会，幽会

约会处，幽会处

tryst

[traist, trist]

n

约会, 幽会; (=trysting place)约会处, 幽会处

keep [break] tryst

遵守[不遵守]约会

a lover's tryst

情人的约会

tryst

[traist, trist]

vt

和(人)约会; 定(约会时间或地点); 与订婚

at the trysted hour

在约会的时间

tryst

[traist, trist]

vi

约会; 赴约

幽默： 来自英文 Humor。大多数人认为该词为国学大师林语堂先生于1924年最先介绍入中国。(眉浅淡烟如柳：，早在三国时期就有王粲的诗句：哀笑动梁尘。急觞荡幽默。更早则有有屈原的《九章·怀沙》：“煦兮杳杳，孔静幽默。”可见幽默一词不是外来，只是当时“幽默”意为寂静无声地，现今我们说“幽默”，是英文的翻译而已。窃以为“幽默”一词不是外来词，只是汉译。）

　　罗曼蒂克: 英文romantic，又称为浪漫，辞典上的解释是：富有诗意，充满幻想。

　　雷达　来自英语radar,无线电波探测装置。它号称“千里眼”。看到“雷”这个字，马上会让人想到天边的雷鸣和闪电，突出了一个快字。自然，雷达这种“千里眼”的作用也就让人印象更深了。

　　托福　译自英语TOEFL，是美国的一种外国学生英语水平考试，中国人称为考“托福”。“托福”两字是中国人的一个日常口头语，含有吉利话的意味，考托福，靠托福，不管是托谁的福，学子们希望的就是顺利通过考试。

　　雪碧　音译自英语Sprite, 原意为妖怪、精灵。作为一种饮料，把它译为“雪碧”可谓是煞费苦心。雪，有寒意；碧，清澈碧蓝。在大夏天，这样的饮料名，听着就想喝。这样的字又何止“一字千金”呢？

　　波音　音译自英语Boeing, 指美国波音飞机制造公司出产的飞机。从英语原意上看不出与声音有关，而译成汉语，“波”、“音”是两种在空中传播的物理现象又暗合快捷之意。波音倒过来是音波，飞机中就有超音波这样的种类。这几层从“波音”两字的字面就能感觉到的含意，想必当时翻译者不会是歪打正着的。

　　霹雳舞　译自英语breakdance, 原意为破袭节奏之舞，是一种源起美国黑人社会的现代舞，以破坏音乐节奏，违反常规的舞蹈动作并即兴表演为特点。1987年、1988年时也曾在中国都市流行一时。经过那个时代的人对此舞都会有印象。其舞姿动作确有霹雳之势。笔者一直以为“霹雳舞”一词为意译，没想到竟是音译。这正说明了“霹雳舞”一词翻译的成功。

　　可口可乐　音译自英语cocacola,世界著名饮料。英语原意似乎并无深意。音译成汉语后的“可口可乐”却是如此的有意义。这到底是译者有水平，还是汉字汉语太过神奇了呢？

　　马拉松　音译自英语marathon,为42公里195米距离的赛跑。马拉松，马拉松，意思就是：“即使是马拉着跑也该松软了。”何况是人呢？让人一看到“马拉松”这三个字，就马上感到该项目距离之长，运动强度之大。看来，我们不服祖宗造汉字的精妙是不行的。

　　迷你裙　译自英语miniskirt,“迷你”为音译，裙为意译。原意为超短裙。翻译为“迷你裙”确实绝妙。既有生活情趣，更是含沙射影，穿超短裙干吗？那是为了“迷你”的。由于mini是英语微型的前缀，后来又出来一系列的“迷你”的东西，如“迷你相机”等。但哪一样也没有“迷你裙”妙。“迷你裙”是“迷你”家族中最先翻译过来的。

　　的确良　由粤语谐音翻译自英语dacron,一种以醛化合物为原料的合成纤维。这种原料做的衬衫，在20世纪70年代的中国几乎人人都穿。纯白色，穿着很亮很挺，还特别薄。那时的中学生，有一件白色的的确良衬衫是一种幸福。的确良，的确良，虽然是大白话，但听起来的确凉快。虽然说是由于经济短缺所致，但这种布料如此热销，相信与“的确良”这三个字不无关系。

　　利眠宁　谐音译自拉丁文librillm,商品名，一种镇静催眠药，也可抗惊厥。就冲这三个字，吃了药你能睡不着吗？

　　敌杀死　音译自英语deeis,一种杀虫农药。原意似乎并无深意。翻译成汉语居然如此厉害——能把敌手杀死。

　　维他命　音译自英语vitamin,是人体不可缺少的一族化学物质。维他命，维护维持他的生命。一听就像是一种很要紧的救命药。比另一个名称维生素听起来更有紧迫感。

　　盖世太保　音译自德语Gestapo,纳粹德国秘密警察及其组织。在一些历史演义和评书中，我们经常能听到中国古代某某奸臣或权臣有多少个太保，一般都是干儿子，不做好事的恶人居多。而盖世太保正是这样一类杀人不眨眼的魔王。盖世又有不可一世之意，用“盖世太保”称呼纳粹秘密警察，对于并不很了解德国二战那段历史的中国人来说，那是最形象和让人明白不过的了。

　　蒙太奇　音译自法语montage,指镜头剪辑，**独有的组合手法。蒙太奇三个汉字放在一起并无意义。但这三个字都会让人产生神秘之感，放在一起就更神秘了。其实许多中国人并不明白**“蒙太奇”是什么，但对**导演和演员却有某种崇拜感，也许与蒙太奇这三个字不无关系。

　　披头士　音译自英语beetle,指甲壳虫乐队及其队员。原意为硬壳虫，因该乐队成员发型如硬壳虫，因而得名。以前看到国内的流行乐队乐手不分男女大都长发披肩，就以为“披头士”一词为意译，没想到竟是音译。那么，到底是汉语译“披头士”在前，乐手们依译词打扮自己，还是国内乐手先“披头”，译者被触动灵感然后译出“披头士”呢？不得而知。不过，倒是乐队成员披着长发，似乎动感的效果就出来了。

　　嬉皮士　音译自英语hippy,指20世纪60年代在美国出现的不满现实的带颓废色彩的青年。嬉皮士，嬉皮笑脸之士。一群玩世不恭的青年跃然纸上。音译与意译的和谐能达到如此程度，直是令人拍案叫绝。

　　雅皮士　音译自英语yuppies。雅皮士与嬉皮士是两个时代两种不同的人，雅皮士是指现代美国都市中的年轻专业人员，他们收入多，花钱大方，生活时髦。雅皮士一词翻译的成功之处就在于一个“雅”字。这个“雅”字把现代都市白领一族描绘得淋漓尽致。这正是汉字的神奇之处，不然，古人怎会有画龙点睛之说呢？

Romance，ofroses。

玫瑰花的浪漫翻译成英文是“Romance，ofroses”。其中玫瑰花可以用英语roses来表示，浪漫用Romance表示，用浪漫来形容玫瑰花，因此需要用of来连接。

玫瑰花的最大特点是它具有浓郁的花香，是一种浅根性的植物，习性喜好阳光，耐寒耐旱，要深厚肥沃，排水良好的中性土壤。

1、幽默，来自英文 Humor。谐 ”，“穆”构成“humor”整体。

2、罗曼蒂克，英文romantic，又称为浪漫，辞典上的解释是：富有诗意，充满幻想。

3、雷达，来自英语radar,无线电波探测装置。它号称“千里眼”。

4、托福，译自英语TOEFL，是美国的一种外国学生英语水平考试，中国人称为考“托福”。

5、雪碧，音译自英语Sprite, 原意为妖怪、精灵。作为一种饮料，译为“雪碧”可谓是煞费苦心。

6、波音，音译自英语Boeing, 指美国波音飞机制造公司出产的飞机。

7、霹雳舞，译自英语breakdance, 原意为破袭节奏之舞，是一种源起美国黑人社会的现代舞。

8、可口可乐，音译自英语cocacola,世界著名饮料。

9、马拉松，音译自英语marathon,为42公里195米距离的赛跑。

10、迷你裙，译自英语miniskirt,“迷你”为音译，裙为意译。原意为超短裙。

扩展资料：

外来词翻译方法

1、音译 ：直接按照原语言词汇的发音转换成汉语词汇。像汉语翻译规则规定对於传统上非汉字国家的地理名称、人名按照意译直接翻译：如斯里兰卡国(Sri Lanka) 美国 “ 纽约 ”（ New York ） 原 苏联 领袖“ 斯大林 ”（ Сталин ）、“沙发”（ Sofa ）。

2、音译+类名： 芭蕾舞(ballet）、卡车、吉普车（Jeep）。

3、音译+意译：马克思主义（Marxism），“卡片”（card）

4、利用汉字“望文生义”特性进行意译：这种外来词又分为两种：第一种是汉语的纯意译词，即是汉语意译词，例如“电视”；第二种是从来自日语的舶来词，即日制汉语，例如“电话”。它们两者之间看起来没有太大的差别，与汉语的意译词差别不大。

5、直接使用缩写英文字母，如CPI、WTO、ECFA。

参考资料：