用英语解答什么是浪漫主义

Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Industrial Revolution[1] It was partly a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature,[2] and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature

The movement stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories It elevated folk art and custom to something noble, and argued for a "natural" epistemology of human activities as conditioned by nature in the form of language, custom and usage

Our modern sense of a romantic character is sometimes based on Byronic or Romantic ideals Romanticism reached beyond the rational and Classicist ideal models to elevate medievalism and elements of art and narrative perceived to be authentically medieval, in an attempt to escape the confines of population growth, urban sprawl and industrialism, and it also attempted to embrace the exotic, unfamiliar and distant in modes more authentic than chinoiserie, harnessing the power of the imagination to envision and to escape

Although the movement is rooted in German Pietism, which prized intuition and emotion over Enlightenment rationalism, the ideologies and events of the French Revolution laid the background from which Romanticism emerged The confines of the Industrial Revolution also had their influence on Romanticism, which was in part an escape from modern realities; indeed, in the second half of the 19th century, "Realism" was offered as a polarized opposite to Romanticism Romanticism elevated the achievements of what it perceived as misunderstood heroic individuals and artists that altered society It also legitimized the individual imagination as a critical authority which permitted freedom from classical notions of form in art There was a strong recourse to historical and natural inevitability, a zeitgeist, in the representation of its ideas

作为创作方法，浪漫主义在反映客观现实时侧重从主观内心世界出发，抒发对理想世界的热烈追求，常用热情的语言、瑰丽的想象和夸张的手法塑造形象。作为一种文艺思潮，18世纪后半期到19世纪上半叶盛行于欧洲多个国家。它是法国大革命和欧洲民主运动、民族解放运动高涨时的产物，反映了早期资产阶级对个性解放的要求。它的主要特征是抒发强烈的个人感情，歌颂大自然，诅咒城市文明，提倡回到自然，特别重视中世纪的民间文学。英国的雪莱和拜伦，法国的雨果和乔治·桑，以及俄国的普希金等都创作了优秀的浪漫主义作品。

浪漫主义和现实主义都是反映社会现实问题，其区别主要在于反映的方式不同。

现实主义按照本来如此的面目再现生活，浪漫主义按照应当这样子表现生活。其实换言之就是艺术手法上不同，浪漫主义重想象、情感，个性，自我体验。现实主义重写实，典型，人物心理，社会批判。

两者都是各自时期文学特点的代表与总结，浪漫主义这一文学概念主要是18世纪末出现的。主要表达自然、作家内心、情感以及对宗法制田园生活的向往，区别于之前18世纪的启蒙文学所倡导的理性。

不同的划分

现实主义则是欧洲进入19世纪，文学对资本主义时代快速发展的写照。这一概念的提出首先源于绘画界，画家库尔贝提倡现实主义，后由作家尚弗勒里公然提出进入文学视野中。现实主义和浪漫主义只是文学思潮上的划分，并不能概括所有文学作品。

除此之外还存在自然主义，唯美主义文学以及现代主义文学和后现代主义文学，在现代主义和后现代主义之下还有表现主义，超现实主义，意识流，荒诞派，黑色幽默，魔幻现实主义等等，它们都是一定时期文学思潮的反映。每一种流派都有其特色，不是仅从现实和浪漫两个角度划分的。