求美国文学中一些术语的英文解释

美国现实主义

The representation in art or literature of objects, actions, or social conditions as they actually are, without idealization or presentation in abstract form

真实性，现实主义：在艺术或文学中将事物，行为或社会状况按其起初情况进行的表现，而不用模糊的形式来表现或理想化

美国浪漫主义

An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual's expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions

浪漫主义运动：起源于18世纪末期欧洲的一种对大自然有强烈的兴趣且注重个人情感和想象力的表达的艺术和知识上的运动，它与古典主义的观点和形式相悖并反对公认的社会制度和习俗

意象主义

A literary movement launched by British and American poets early in the 20th century in reaction against Victorian sentimentalism that advocated the use of free verse, common speech patterns, and clear concrete images

意象主义：在20世纪早期由英美诗人发起的反对维多利亚式伤感主义的一场文学运动，主张使用自由体、普通的语言模式和清晰具体的影象

现代主义

The deliberate departure from tradition and the use of innovative forms of expression that distinguish many styles in the arts and literature of the 20th century

现代主义：与传统方式明显不同，使用创新表达方式的20世纪多种风格的文学艺术形式

romanticism: Romanticism is attitudes, ideals and feelings which are romantic rather than realistic

rhythm:

A rhythm is a regular series of sounds or movements

A rhythm is a regular pattern of changes, for example changes in your body, in the seasons, or in the tides

heroic:If you describe a person or their actions as heroic, you admire them because they show extreme bravery

couplet:A couplet is two lines of poetry which come next to each other, especially two lines that rhyme with each other and are the same length

sonnet:A sonnet is a poem that has 14 lines Each line has 10 syllables, and the poem has a fixed pattern of rhymes

neoclassicism:revival of a classical style (in art or literature or architecture or music) but from a new perspective or with a new motivation

american romanticism is one of the most important periods in the hisory of american literature

it was a rebellion against the objectivity of rationalismfor romantics,the feelings ,intuitions and emotions were more important than reason and common sense they emphasized individualism,placing the individual against thegroupthey affirmed the inner life of the self, and cherished strong interest in the past,the wild,the romotethe mysterious ans the strangethey stressed the element americanness in their works

it started with the publication of washington irving's the sketch bool and ended of american literatureit is also called the american renaissance

american romanticists include such literary figures as washington irvingralph waldo emersonhenry david thoreau,william cullenbryant,henry wordsworth longfellow,nathaniel hawthorne,edgar allen poe ,herman melville,walt whitman and some others

2]]in the field of literature ,the enlightement movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works

the tendency is known as neoclssicismthe neoclaaicists held that forms of literature wer to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient greek and roman weiters such as homer and virgil and those of the contemporary french ones

they believed that the artistic ideals should be order,logic,restrained emotion and accuracy,and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity

bucongnidian

about british romanticism

in the mid-18th century,a new literary movement called romanticism came to europe and then to england

it was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism,which emphasized reason,order and elegant witinstead,romanticism gave primary concern to passion,emotion,and natkural beautysin the history of literature ,romanticism is generally regarded as the thought that designatesa literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience

the english romantic period is an age of poetry major romantic poets include blake ,wordsworth,coleridge,byron,shelley and keatsromanticism prevailed in england from 1798 to 1837

浪漫主义是文艺的基本创作方法之一，与现实主义同为文学艺术上的两大主要思潮。作为创作方法，浪漫主义在反映客观现实上侧重从主观内心世界出发，抒发对理想世界的热烈追求，常用热情奔放的语言、瑰丽的想象和夸张的手法来塑造形象。浪漫主义的创作倾向由来已久，早在人类的文学艺术处于口头创作时期，一些作品就不同程度地带有浪漫主义的因素和特色。但这时的浪漫主义既未形成思潮，又不是自觉为人们掌握的创作方法。

Romantism is one of fundamental literature and art formula for creation, with actualism and for that literature and art is upper two big main trends of thought Put particular emphasis on the secondary subjective self's inner world as formula for creation , romantism on reflecting objective reality starting off, enthusiasm expressing to the ideal world runs after, come to mold an image language overflowing with enthusiasm , magnificent imagination and exaggerated gimmick in common use The romantism creation inclination is as old as the hills, as far back as human being's literature and art is in an oral creating a period, a little work the zone factor and characteristic having romantism right away to varying degrees Now that but romantism at this time not having formed a trend of thought, formula for creation being not that conscientious conduct grasps

好吧，在这里我只能给你古典音乐，摇滚音乐的还有爵士的介绍了，希望你采纳啊！！很辛苦得我~~~

1摇滚乐

Rock music began in the United States in 1950’s, but it has influenced and in turn been shaped by a broad field of cultures and musical traditions, including gospel music, the blues, country-and-western music, classical music, folk music, electronic music, and the popular music of Asia, Africa, and Latin America In addition to its use as a broad designation, the term rock music commonly refers to music styles after 1959 predominantly influenced by white musicians

There is basic agreement that rock is a form of music with a strong beat, but it is difficult to be much more explicit The Collins Cobuild English Dictionary, based on a vast database of British usage, suggests that rock is a kind of music with simple tunes and a very strong beat that is played and sung, usually loudly, by a small group of people with electric guitars and drums, but there are so many exceptions to this description that it is practically useless

Other major rock-music styles include rock and roll, the first genre of the music; and rhythm-and-blues music (R&B), influenced mainly by black American musicians Each of these major genres encompasses a variety of substyles, such as heavy metal, punk, alternative, and grunge While innovations in rock music have often occurred in regional centers such as New York City; Kingston, Jamaica; and Liverpool, England, the influence of rock music is now felt worldwide

2古典乐

Classical music is probably more familiar than we might at first imagine Indeed, nowadays it is all around us, whether it be in restaurants, supermarkets, lifts, for advertising or as theme and incidental music on television A great deal of film music either directly uses or draws from the 'classical' tradition; a good example of the former might be '2001: Space Odyssey', and of the latter, the many scores John Williams has composed in recent years for such blockbusters as the Star Wars and Indiana Jones trilogies

In the vast and wide-ranging world of 'classical' music there is truly something there for everyone - pieces which once discovered represent the start of an exciting and irresistible journey which will provide a lifetime's listening pleasure For example, those who are particularly excited by hearing instrumentalists working at full stretch will thrill to the likes of Liszt and Paganini, or if something a little more reserved and self-contained is required, the chamber music of Haydn or Mozart would be a good starting point If a full symphony orchestra in overdrive is more to your taste then Tchaikovsky or Richard Strauss could well fit the bill, whereas those who have already warmed to Vivaldi's 'Four Seasons' might well try the music of some of the great Italian's contemporaries such as Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach or Domenico Scarlatti Whatever your tastes may be, there has never been a better time to start building a 'classical' music collection on CD

Any attempt to define what is meant literally by the term 'classical' music is fraught with difficulty How does one encapsulate in just a few words a musical tradition which encompasses such infinite varieties of style and expression, from the monastic intonings of Gregorian chant to the laid-back jazz inflections of Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue, from the elegant poise of Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik to the despairing, heightened emotionalism of Tchaikovsky's "Pathetique" Symphony One is treading on very dangerous ground indeed if one pre-supposes that it is simply 'superior' to other musical types such as popular, jazz, rock and the like, let alone the music of other cultures

In general 'popular' music may be as clear in expression as the longer examples of 'classical' music One important difference, however, lies in the logical connection that exists in 'classical ' music between the beginning and end, with the latter a logical extension and development of the former 'Popular' music, on the other hand, tends to present its material without development, the music ending when interest is exhausted

Sadly, whilst 'classical' music is socially undivisive in itself, it has unfortunately become associated in most people's minds with the intellectual elite Even now, and with certain honourable exceptions, the attending of a 'live' concert can be an intimidating (not to say costly) experience for the uninitiated, especially in that most jealously guarded of establishments, the opera house The wonderful thing about the technological age in which we live, and particularly the advent of the compact disc, is that we can bypass all irrelevant social and intellectual pretence, and enjoy in the comfort of our own home (often at far less cost) some of the finest music ever composed

With such a breathtaking variety of material available, it is an awesome task to know just where to begin your disc collection, and as a result expensive mistakes are often made as tempting looking purchases turn out to be something of a disappointment This is where the Naxos catalogue really comes into its own, and where it is hoped this guide will help prospective purchasers to make an informed choice about the kind of music they are likely to enjoy

The Naxos label provides a library of high quality performances of music by the great masters in modern digital sound; accompanied by authoritative and user-friendly booklet notes and at the lowest possible price There are already nearly 600 titles from which to choose, and with new releases emerging at the rate of about eight every month, even the enthusiastic collector is well and truly catered for With every historical period and genre covered, there is something in the Naxos catalogue for everyone, especially those who wish to build a truly representative collection of the central masterworks in the 'classical' tradition

3爵士

Born in America, jazz can be seen as a reflection of the cultural diversity and individualism of this country At its core are openness to all influences, and personal expression through improvisation Throughout its history, jazz has straddled the worlds of popular music and art music, and it has expanded to a point where its styles are so varied that one may sound completely unrelated to another First performed in bars, jazz can now be heard in clubs, concert halls, universities, and large festivals all over the world

The Birth of Jazz:

New Orleans, Louisiana around the turn of the 20th century was a melting pot of cultures A major port city, people from all over the world came together there, and as a result, musicians were exposed to a variety of music European classical music, American blues, and South American songs and rhythms came together to form what became known as jazz The origin of the word jazz is widely disputed, although it is thought to have originally been a sexual term

Louis Armstrong:

One thing that makes jazz music so unique is that it’s focus on improvisation Louis Armstrong, a trumpet player from New Orleans, is considered the father of modern jazz improvisation His trumpet solos were melodic and playful, and filled with energy that could only result from being composed on the spot A leader of several groups in the 1920s and 30s, Armstrong inspired countless others to make the music their own by developing a personal style of improvisation

Expansion:

Thanks to early records, the music of Armstrong and others in New Orleans could reach a broad radio audience The music’s popularity began to increase as did its sophistication, and major cultural centers around the country began to feature jazz bands Chicago, Kansas City, and New York had the most thriving music scenes in the 1940s, where dance halls were filled with fans that came to see large jazz ensembles This period is known as the Swing Era, referring to the lilting “swing” rhythms employed by the Big Bands

Bebop:

Big Bands gave musicians the opportunity to experiment with different approaches to improvisation While members of a Big Band, saxophonist Charlie Parker and trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie began to develop a highly virtuosic and harmonically advanced style known as "Bebop," an onomatopoeic reference to the rhythmic punches heard in the music Parker and Gillespie performed their music in small ensembles all over the country, and musicians flocked to hear the new direction jazz was taking The intellectual approach and technical facility of these pioneers of Bebop has set the standard for today’s jazz musicians

Jazz Today:

Jazz is a highly developed art form that continues to evolve and expand in numerous directions The music of each decade sounds fresh and distinct from the music that preceded it Since the days of bebop, the jazz scene has included avant-garde music, Latin jazz, jazz/rock fusion, and countless other styles Jazz today is so diverse and broad that there is something unique and interesting about every artist’s style

美国浪漫主义的英文是：American Romanticism

例句：

The causes of the rise of American romanticism are various

美国浪漫主义文学兴起的历史背景复杂多样。 扩展资料

　Edgar Allan Poe was an American romanticism writer in the 19th century

　爱论·坡是一位美国十九世纪浪漫主义文学家。

　Meanwhile, Americanism sets a heavy cultural foundation for American romanticism with its own national characteristics

　同时，美国方式也为美国浪漫主义文学奠定了美国民族特有的深厚文化底蕴。

　Nathaniel Hawthorne is a romanticism representative writer of American in 19th century

　纳撒尼尔·霍桑是19世纪美国浪漫主义的代表作家。

“罗曼蒂克永不消亡”是一句台词，意思是“浪漫永不消亡”。完整句子是：“浪漫抵不过现实，但罗曼蒂克永不消亡”。

罗曼蒂克，英文romantic，又称为浪漫，辞典上的解释是：富有诗意，充满幻想。浪漫的，激情的，也就是罗曼蒂克。浪漫抵不过现实，但罗曼蒂克永不消亡，只要人类有一息尚存，就不会停止对美学的追求。

罗曼蒂克原理：

罗曼蒂克爱情的精髓在于：视被爱对象为宝贵知己而自己又难于占有对方，因而便采用如诗赋，歌曲，武功或任何可以想象出来的取悦方法，来获得对方的注目与爱情。

人们之所以认为情人有巨大价值，在很大程度上，是因为对方难于被自己占有。简单来说就是很浪漫很浪漫的爱情，那种女孩子都非常向往的。