英美文学｜浪漫主义时期

｜浪漫主义时期｜• 简介

英国浪漫主义时期一般被认为始于1798年，标志为华兹华斯与柯勒律治的《抒情歌谣集》的出版，终于1832年，标志为沃尔特•司各特的去世及议会的第一个改革提案的通过。

Gothic novel ,a type of romantic fiction that predominanted in the late eighteenth century, was one phase of the Romantic movementIts principal elements are violence, horror,and the supernatural,which strongly appeal to the reader’s emotion 

哥特式小说是浪漫主义运动的一种形式 盛于浪漫主义前期18世纪末。

小说主要元素：暴力，恐怖，超自然力量的描写。

VIP :

1William Blake

2William Wordsworth

3Percy Bysshe Shelley

4Jane Austen

How is Romanticism different from Neoclassicism Provide brief evidence from the literary works you know best

1: Neoclassicists upheld that artistic ideals should be order,logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity, and thus, literary expression should be of proportion, unity, harmony and grace

2: Romanticists tended to see the individual as the very center of all experience, including art, and thus, literary work should be “spontaneous overflow of strong feelings ”, and no matter how fragmentary those experiences were, the value of the work lied in the accuracy of presenting those unique feelings and particular attitudes

3: In a word, Neoclassicism emphasizes rationality and form but Romanticism attached great importance to the individual’s mind

威廉•布莱克 生于伦敦一个爱尔兰裔小商人家庭，一生中，他都身兼诗人与雕刻家两重角色，他的天才在他的有生之年是默默无闻的，只是在他去世后才被人挖掘出来并一举成名。

在文学上，布莱克是第一位重要的浪漫主义诗人，表现出对理性至上的轻视，对18世纪古典主义的叛逆以及对个人幻想的重视。

布莱克的代表作《天真之歌》表述了一个愉快而纯洁的世界，尽管这个世界也偶有苦难与罪恶。《经验之歌》则描绘了一个截然不同的世界，一个充满苦难、贫穷、疾病与战争的世界，笔调极为忧伤压抑。

《天真之歌》中不少诗篇都在《经验之歌》中有着姊妹篇。比如“孩童之欣喜”与“孩童之忧愁”对应，纯洁的羔羊与燃烧的猛虎对应。两部诗集主题相似，笔调不同。

1| Songs of Innocence & Songs of Experience |

Brief introduce

A The Songs of Innocence is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings

B His Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone

C Childhood is the central to Blake's concern in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience

2 | Tyger |

What does "symmetry" mean

The well-proportioned body of the tiger

What does "tyger" refer to

There are different opinions about the tiger Some say the tiger is made by God Others say it is made by men One more idea thinks that The Tyger is a poem about work, about artistic creation

  Please make a comment on William Blake's poetry

A His first collection of poems Poetical Sketches is one of youthful verse with joy, laughter, love and harmony as its prevailing notes

B The second volume of his Songs of Innocence presents a happy and innocent world

C The third --- Songs of Experience paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone

The last two hold the similar subject-matter, but their tone, emphasis and conclusion differ Childhood remains central to the poet's concern in the two, with a number of poems from them can be pairs

For example, the two poems both entitled "Chimney Sweeper" are such pairs, for the one in the Songs of Innocence indicates the conditions of the exploitation of child labor, which make religion a consolation, but the one in the Songs of Experience reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children

D The maturity of Blake's poetry is shown in his poem Marriage of Heaven and Hell in which the relationship of the contraries is explored, for in the poet's eyes, "without contraries, there is no progression"

  What does the poem "The Chimney Sweeper (from Songs of Experience)" reveal

The two “Chimney Sweeper”poems are good examples to reveal the relation between an economic circumstance, iethe exploitation of child labor, and ideological circumstance iethe role played by religion in making people compliant to exploitationIn the Songs of Experience reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children

威廉•华兹华斯

• 1797年，结识了科勒律治，两人成为知心密友，合作完成了《抒情歌谣集》。

• 诗人骚塞、科勒律治、和华兹华斯三人一并成为“湖畔诗人”。

• 1842年，华兹华斯荣获政府津贴，次年他压倒骚塞成为“桂冠诗人”（Poet Laureate）

• 华兹华斯被称为“大自然的膜拜者”。

• 华兹华斯是一个怀旧的诗人，对他来说，生命犹如轮回的旅程，生命之始也是生命之终。他的这种人生哲学体现在他的代表作《序曲》中。

• 华兹华斯追求简洁朴素的风格，厌恶粉饰真实。他强调诗歌创作最要紧的是把握素材的真实来源，即“在静谧中找回情感”。他的创作理论核心是普通人的生活经历。

• 华兹华斯是英国诗歌史上的巨星，是浪漫主义时期的杰出代表，他号召人们用清新、自然、关心的目光去看待周围的事物，开创了运用百姓生活语言写诗的新道路，并号召人们回归自然。

作家作品：

The Prelude

Composed upon Westminster Brige

Lyrical Ballads

I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud

The Solitary Reaper

1 | I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud |

This poem typically depicts the author's respect for nature / His love for the daffodils

2 | Composed upon Westminster Brige |

3 | She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways |

《独自幽居》By comparing a country girl (Lucy) to a violet, the poet intends to show her quality of beauty and her virtue which are often neglected by the common people just like a wild flower blooming by an untrodden road

4 | The Solitary Reaper |

《孤独的收割者》It tells us, to Romanticists, poetry is an expression of an individual's feelings and experience no matter how fragmentary and momentary these feelings and experiences are (无论他们的情感是微不足道的还是伟大的)

| Questions |

Please discuss the significance of William Wordsworth's poetry in the history of English literature

A First of all, Wordsworth's theory, as stated in his "preface" to the second edition of the Lyrical Ballads, serves as a manifesto of Romanticism The poet takes the direct experience of the senses as the source of poetic truth as poetry comes from the "emotion recollected in tranquillity" The significance of the "Preface" also presents itself in the poet's advocation of the writing of the common people in ordinary language

B Secondly, his practice is what his theory implies, for the joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes, in many of his poems such as the "Lucy poems"

C Thirdly, natural scenery with its beauty and mystery acts also as one of his favorite themes and the sympathy out of the poet's nature towards the poor in rural places becomes part of his concern

D Finally, the seemingly simplicity of the poet both in diction and description is immersed in a profound and sympathetic longing for a better world So the most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry, the poetry of his growing inner self, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature

雪莱 出生于一个富有家庭，父亲是个保守的乡绅，母亲貌美。

• 雪莱对自由的渴望及对暴政的憎恶都体现在诗作中，如《自由颂》《那不勒斯颂》等。

• 雪莱最著名的政治抒情诗是《致英格兰人民》，诗中号召工人，农民起来斗争，在宪章运动时期成为英国***的战歌。

• 雪莱最著名的抒情诗当属《西风颂》。瑟瑟寒风熄灭了一年的生机，却孕育着新春的希望，诗人希望自己也化作这西风，把他对未来的预言传遍人间。

• 雪莱最有造诣的作品是他的四幕诗剧《被解放的普罗米修斯》。

• 雪莱的诗歌语言清新别致，文化底蕴深厚，含有丰富的典故，并多用拟人和隐喻，将我们看到的事物完全生动地描绘出来。

作家作品：

To a Skylark

Men of England

Ode to the West Wind

| Men of England | 

《致英格兰人民》It is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation

"drones" refers to the parasitic class in human society

"bees of England" refers to the laboring people in England

| Ode to the West Wind | (theme)

The poem expresses his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality

奥斯汀一生完成六部作品，她的处女作《理智与情感》讲述了一对姐妹的恋爱经历》；《傲慢与偏见》是她最著名的作品。在写作风格上，她倡导新古典主义，坚持理性、秩序、典雅的原则。奥斯汀的创作主题总与个人的生活及人际关系有关，正因如此，她的作品具有普遍的意义。

| Pride and Prejudice | (Theme)

A It was oringinally drafted as "First Impressions" in 1796, is the most delightful of Jane Austen's works The title tells of a major concern of the novel: pride and prejudice

| Questions |

What are Austen's writing features

Jane Austen is one of the realistic novelists Austen's work has a very narrow literary field Her novels show a wealth of humor, wit and delicate satire

Based on her writings discuss Jane Austen's greatest contribution to English literature

A Jane Austen is one of the most important Romantic novelists in English literature She creates six influential novels

B Her main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships She makes trivial daily life as important as the concerns about human belief, career and salient social event This is what makes her important in English literature

C Jane Austen has brought the English novel, as an art of form, to its maturity because of her sensitivity to universal patterns of human behavior and her accurate portrayal of human individuals

D She describe the world from a woman's point of view, and depicts a group of authentic and common women

Make comments on Austen's attitude towards the three kinds of motivations of marriage the middle class people had in the second of the 18th century (with specific examples from Pride and Prejudice )

A Motivation one: to pursue material interest through marriage;

B Motivation two: to seek sensual pleasure and beauty; Lydia and Mr,Bennet are examples of this kind

C Motivation three: to search for true love and also take personal merits and financial position into consideration; Elizabeth Bennet is a typical example of this kind

Austen celebrated the third kind of motivation of marriage while criticizing the first two wrong motivations

……

带思维导图版笔记在这里:  英美文学笔记

There is no denying the fact that……has become the utmost concern among people nowadays Some people are of the view that……While others take an opposite side, firmly believing that……

A large number of factors could give rise to this supposition One of the most common factors is that……another contributing/important factor is that……the last good case in point is that……

If I were to offer my choice I would not hesitate to stand on the side/show my support/vote fore……from what has been discussed above, we may safely arrive the conclusion that……

对不起啊,我着急有事,所以把重要部分写出来了,其他的地方写一下你的论点和论据就行

vienna teng - the tower 这首歌把这个女生的内涵都展现出来了Our Love Will Always Last 好喜欢前奏和间奏Rod Stewart 洛史特华 - Sailing 航行，有强烈浪子情怀的偶怎么可能不喜欢如此经典触动心灵的歌声呢！Cagnet - Hear Me Cry 一个女孩在倾吐心事Rebecca Blaylock - I Will Be Your Shelter，<陀枪师姐>和黄晓明版的《女才男貌》都有做过插曲，不过个人还是更喜欢BREAKAWAY，皆做过背景音乐。Jesse McCartney - Because you live 看MV好象是为感谢歌迷而唱的，样子很像后街的一个成员。很好听！！annie lenno - leep on loving you容易受伤的女人的英文版也很不错呢~Stacie Orrico - More to Life 是首好歌，喜欢听音乐的应该一听就会收藏。Carla Marshal - proud of you 挥着翅膀的女孩的原版，翻唱还是粤语的比较能听，没那么俗~~S Club7 - Never Had A Dream Come 从SHE的《冬日纪念册》里意外淘的，很好听的，有点悲壮。ronan keating 捧红WESTLIFE的爱尔兰帅哥 罗南基延- the best of me\嗓音可圈可点。/lovin's each day 开心派队的感觉，很欢快！Minner Riperton-loving you张靓颖就是演绎了这首才能步步高升啊~~ Celine Dion 席琳迪翁-My heart will go on 《铁达尼号》主题曲，无人不知The Power Of Love 经典代表作A New Day Has Come 好象网游《魔兽世界》里有用过这歌，MV中有香港维港的画面哦~~That’s The Way It Is 在《我心永恒》后推出的一首让人备感振奋的歌then you look at me 也很不错Gareth Gates - Say It Isn't So 附歌还没有前半段好听呢~喜欢这声音 / anyone of us从一空间上淘的，忘了，鄙视不回访的博主Alex Parks - Mad World阿桑--疯了英文版，绝望的时刻~……迈克杰克逊-Earth song\you're not alone这人正红的时候偶还不感冒呢，汗~Christina Aguilera 克里斯蒂娜阿奎莱拉，这名字真够长的，汗~ Beautiful 算比较著名的了，张靓颖翻唱过了~~Britney Spears布兰妮 斯皮尔斯-Everytime 一反常态的安静，S H E翻唱为《别说对不起》Modonna麦丹娜，偶知道也不多，hung up 是05年末推出的，复古的编曲把人带回了七八十年代的迪斯科时代samantha mumba - Always come back to your love 听了让人觉得很轻松！James Blunt 詹姆仕布朗特，和COLDPLAY的风格有点像，偏于英伦爵士，这是个值得我单独去为他写一篇推荐的歌手。Wisemen 智者，这歌可以代表JAMES的风格特点了，细细品味就能摸个八九不离十了，Tears And Rain 泪水和雨水，很感伤的歌，尤其JAMES沙哑磁性的声线总能深夜最脆弱的内心，做过背景音乐/ you are beautiful 成名大作，没听过的快去下，MV很有特点，简约而深刻，看过的人都没异议吧Shayne Ward 夏恩华德 - a better man 款款深情的男声，诉说爱情中的悲欢离合，偶然获得，感谢上苍！似乎鲜为人知，做过背景音乐COCO lee李玟 - before I fall in love首张英文专集第一抒情主打sarah mclachlan - angel，实在是太美了，以前在《安静的震撼》中推荐过，阿桑和WASTLIFE等N多歌手都翻唱过，最新版本是一个英国未成年合唱乐团演绎的 Eric Clapton - tears in heaven 很伤感Lene Marlin - A Place Nearby 被称之为来自北国的音乐精灵挪威女孩Marlin清丽的声音，合着淳朴的吉他声，伴着悠扬的击鼓……静静地用心体会，很舒服Tamas Wells - Valder Fields 无法形容的舒服悦耳。一定都要去下啊!Rascal Flatts-What Hurts The Most 布鲁斯节奏的情歌，歌手的嗓音很有特点Mark Terenzi - Love To Be Loved By You 属于男人的情歌。Alizee - I'm Not Twenty 法国女歌手艾莉婕，有点慢摇的味道，很舒服JESSICA SIMPSON - when you told me you loved me悲壮高亢的女人情歌,歌手唱功不俗！CRAIG DAVID克雷格大卫，好友重点推荐的歌手，偶跟着听后也觉得不赖，world filled with love / Don't Love You No More (I'm Sorry) \ 7days / You Don't Miss Your Water \ Unbelievable/Rise And Fall最喜欢的还是这首最早推荐的，可能是先入为主的关系，不过这个调由不得人不喜欢Sarah Connor 德国蓝调天后，很美的声音，偶筛选了四首。Christmas in My Heart \ Every Moment Of My Life \ LIVING TO LOVE YOU \ just one last danceSTRATOVARIUS - Forever 芬兰灵云乐队的经典曲目，我的人生因此歌而完整！德语Yvonne Catterfeld - glaub_an_mich，硬盘里唯一的一首德语歌，高亢激昂，有好象有点悲壮，歌词实在一点都听不懂，旋律和唱功都很不错。

参考资料：

http://hibaiducom/%DF%DE%5F%D5%C5%B3%AC%CD%AC%D1%A7/blog/item/73b8d3239d965a519822ede6html

曲名：Just

One

Last

Dance

歌手：Sarah

Connor

专辑：Key

To

My

Soul

Just

one

last

danceoh

babyjust

one

last

dance

最后一曲

哦

亲爱的

最后一曲

We

meet

in

the

night

in

the

Spanish

café

那个夜晚

我们在西班牙咖啡馆相遇

I

look

in

your

eyes

just

don't

know

what

to

say

望着你的双眸

心有千言竟无语

It

feels

like

I'm

drowning

in

salty

water

泪水已令我尽陷沉溺

A

few

hours

left

'til

the

sun's

gonna

rise

几个时辰过后

阳光便要升起

tomorrow

will

come

an

it's

time

to

realize

明日终将到来

our

love

has

finished

forever

爱情永远分离

how

I

wish

to

come

with

you

(wish

to

come

with

you)

多想和你一起（和你一起）

how

I

wish

we

make

it

through

多想共同继续

Just

one

last

dance

最后一曲

before

we

say

goodbye

再说别离

when

we

sway

and

turn

round

and

round

and

round

一次次挥手转身

it's

like

the

first

time

初次相遇般难舍难离

Just

one

more

chance

最后一曲

hold

me

tight

and

keep

me

warm

紧紧拥抱

充满爱意

cause

the

night

is

getting

cold

因夜已渐冷

and

I

don't

know

where

I

belong

我意乱情迷

Just

one

last

dance

最后一曲

The

wine

and

the

lights

and

the

Spanish

guitar

夜光美酒

琴声（吉它）响起

I'll

never

forget

how

romantic

they

are

浪漫之夜

永难忘记

but

I

know,

tomorrow

I'll

lose

the

one

I

love

我知道明日将痛失吾爱

There's

no

way

to

come

with

you

永远不能再相偎相依

it's

the

only

thing

to

do

舍此无它

Just

one

last

dance

最后一曲

before

we

say

goodbye

再说别离

when

we

sway

and

turn

round

and

round

and

round

一次次挥手转身

it's

like

the

first

time

初次相遇般难舍难离

Just

one

more

chance

再多一次机会

hold

me

tight

and

keep

me

warm

紧紧拥抱

充满爱意

cause

the

night

is

getting

cold

因夜已渐冷

and

I

don't

know

where

I

belong

我意乱情迷

Just

one

last

dance,

just

one

more

chance,

just

one

last

dance

最后一曲

最后一次

最后一曲