《项链》的写作背景？

法国名作家莫泊桑作于1884年。

《项链》在揭露上层统治者及其毒化下的社会风气盼同时，对被侮辱被损害的小人物寄予深切同情是讽刺虚荣心和拜金主义。

文章写于1884年，法国正值经济危机之际，法国社会正处在完成由资本主义社会到帝国主义原始积累的过渡阶段，在这个变迁中，少数人成为拥有巨额资产的资本家，而大多数人沦为贫民。此时的莫泊桑丢掉了海军部职员的工作，又丢掉了福楼拜介绍的职位，以至沦为贫民，在这种状况之下，创作了本文。

莫泊桑生于法国资本主义走向帝国主义发展阶段的时代，在这个时代里，他目睹了资本主义社会的急剧腐败，深切痛恨卑鄙、龌龊的资产阶级，怜悯同情被欺辱与被损害的下层人民。这一社会观决定了他创作的基本思想。在他的作品中，如果说他的长篇小说揭露和批判的是资本主义社会上层的丑恶内幕，那么他的短篇小说反映的却主要是资本主义的下层生活。

　　有的是讽刺小市民贪图虚荣、追求享乐而造成的种种悲剧的；有的是揭示资本主义制度给爱情和婚姻所造成的种种悲剧和丑剧的；另外还有一些是描画资本主义社会的世态炎凉和劳动人民的生活苦难的。

　　莫泊桑善于用短小精悍的小说写小人物。这些作品的题材丰富多样，几乎涉及当时社会生活的各个方面，虽然大都是一些日常题材，写的都是凡人小事，但它却是一幅资本主义下层社会的真实写照，故而能获得深广的社会意义，再加上小说的风格自然朴实，语言生动简练，在艺术构思和描写手法上新颖独到，不落俗套，因此在一个世纪后的今天，仍然充满着艺术和思想的活力。

　　莫泊桑的短篇小说《项链》，这篇作品约摸在五四时期就介绍到我国来了。最初是从英文或其它外国文转译的，后来陆续出现了几种从法文直接翻译的译文。这表明大家对于它是颇感兴趣的

这个才是全的！楼上的不全

《项链》英文剧本

Necklace

The girl was one of those pretty and charming young creatures who sometimes are born, as if by a slip of fate, into a family of clerks She had no dowry, no expectations, no way of being known, understood, loved, married by any rich and distinguished man; so she let herself be married to a little clerk of the Ministry of Public Instruction

She dressed plainly because she could not dress well, but she was unhappy as if she had really fallen from a higher station; since with women there is neither caste nor rank, for beauty, grace and charm take the place of family and birth Natural ingenuity, instinct for what is elegant, a supple mind are their sole hierarchy, and often make of women of the people the equals of the very greatest ladies

Mathilde suffered ceaselessly, feeling herself born to enjoy all delicacies and all luxuries She was distressed at the poverty of her dwelling, at the bareness of the walls, at the shabby chairs, the ugliness of the curtains All those things, of which another woman of her rank would never even have been conscious, tortured her and made her angry The sight of the little Breton peasant who did her humble housework aroused in her despairing regrets and bewildering dreams She thought of silent antechambers hung with Oriental tapestry, illumined by tall bronze candelabra, and of two great footmen in knee breeches who sleep in the big armchairs, made drowsy by the oppressive heat of the stove She thought of long reception halls hung with ancient silk, of the dainty cabinets containing priceless curiosities and of the little coquettish perfumed reception rooms made for chatting at five o'clock with intimate friends, with men famous and sought after, whom all women envy and whose attention they all desire

When she sat down to dinner, before the round table covered with a tablecloth in use three days, opposite her husband, who uncovered the soup tureen and declared with a delighted air, "Ah, the good soup! I don't know anything better than that," she thought of dainty dinners, of shining silverware, of tapestry that peopled the walls with ancient personages and with strange birds flying in the midst of a fairy forest; and she thought of delicious dishes served on marvellous plates and of the whispered gallantries to which you listen with a sphinxlike smile while you are eating the pink meat of a trout or the wings of a quail

She had no gowns, no jewels, nothing And she loved nothing but that She felt made for that She would have liked so much to please, to be envied, to be charming, to be sought after

She had a friend, a former schoolmate at the convent, who was rich, and whom she did not like to go to see any more because she felt so sad when she came home

But one evening her husband reached home with a triumphant air and holding a large envelope in his hand

"There," said he, "there is something for you"

She tore the paper quickly and drew out a printed card which bore these words:

The Minister of Public Instruction and Madame Georges Ramponneau

request the honor of M and Madame Loisel's company at the palace of

the Ministry on Monday evening, January 18th

Instead of being delighted, as her husband had hoped, she threw the invitation on the table crossly, muttering:

"What do you wish me to do with that"

"Why, my dear, I thought you would be glad You never go out, and this is such a fine opportunity I had great trouble to get it Every one wants to go; it is very select, and they are not giving many invitations to clerks The whole official world will be there"

She looked at him with an irritated glance and said impatiently:

"And what do you wish me to put on my back"

He had not thought of that He stammered:

"Why, the gown you go to the theatre in It looks very well to me"

He stopped, distracted, seeing that his wife was weeping Two great tears ran slowly from the corners of her eyes toward the corners of her mouth

"What's the matter What's the matter" he answered

By a violent effort she conquered her grief and replied in a calm voice, while she wiped her wet cheeks:

"Nothing Only I have no gown, and, therefore, I can't go to this ball Give your card to some colleague whose wife is better equipped than I am"

He was in despair He resumed:

"Come, let us see, Mathilde How much would it cost, a suitable gown, which you could use on other occasions--something very simple"

She reflected several seconds, making her calculations and wondering also what sum she could ask without drawing on herself an immediate refusal and a frightened exclamation from the economical clerk

Finally she replied hesitating:

"I don't know exactly, but I think I could manage it with four hundred francs"

He grew a little pale, because he was laying aside just that amount to buy a gun and treat himself to a little shooting next summer on the plain of Nanterre, with several friends who went to shoot larks there of a Sunday

But he said:

"Very well I will give you four hundred francs And try to have a pretty gown"

The day of the ball drew near and Madame Loisel seemed sad, uneasy, anxious Her frock was ready, however Her husband said to her one evening:

"What is the matter Come, you have seemed very queer these last three days"

And she answered:

"It annoys me not to have a single piece of jewelry, not a single ornament, nothing to put on I shall look poverty-stricken I would almost rather not go at all"

"You might wear natural flowers," said her husband "They're very stylish at this time of year For ten francs you can get two or three magnificent roses"

She was not convinced

"No; there's nothing more humiliating than to look poor among other women who are rich"

"How stupid you are!" her husband cried "Go look up your friend, Madame Forestier, and ask her to lend you some jewels You're intimate enough with her to do that"

She uttered a cry of joy:

"True! I never thought of it"

The next day she went to her friend and told her of her distress

Madame Forestier went to a wardrobe with a mirror, took out a large jewel box, brought it back, opened it and said to Madame Loisel:

"Choose, my dear"

She saw first some bracelets, then a pearl necklace, then a Venetian gold cross set with precious stones, of admirable workmanship She tried on the ornaments before the mirror, hesitated and could not make up her mind to part with them, to give them back She kept asking:

"Haven't you any more"

"Why, yes Look further; I don't know what you like"

Suddenly she discovered, in a black satin box, a superb diamond necklace, and her heart throbbed with an immoderate desire Her hands trembled as she took it She fastened it round her throat, outside her high-necked waist, and was lost in ecstasy at her reflection in the mirror

Then she asked, hesitating, filled with anxious doubt:

"Will you lend me this, only this"

"Why, yes, certainly"

She threw her arms round her friend's neck, kissed her passionately, then fled with her treasure

The night of the ball arrived Madame Loisel was a great success She was prettier than any other woman present, elegant, graceful, smiling and wild with joy All the men looked at her, asked her name, sought to be introduced All the attaches of the Cabinet wished to waltz with her She was remarked by the minister himself

She danced with rapture, with passion, intoxicated by pleasure, forgetting all in the triumph of her beauty, in the glory of her success, in a sort of cloud of happiness comprised of all this homage, admiration, these awakened desires and of that sense of triumph which is so sweet to woman's heart

She left the ball about four o'clock in the morning Her husband had been sleeping since midnight in a little deserted anteroom with three other gentlemen whose wives were enjoying the ball

He threw over her shoulders the wraps he had brought, the modest wraps of common life, the poverty of which contrasted with the elegance of the ball dress She felt this and wished to escape so as not to be remarked by the other women, who were enveloping themselves in costly furs

Loisel held her back, saying: "Wait a bit You will catch cold outside I will call a cab"

But she did not listen to him and rapidly descended the stairs When they reached the street they could not find a carriage and began to look for one, shouting after the cabmen passing at a distance

They went toward the Seine in despair, shivering with cold At last they found on the quay one of those ancient night cabs which, as though they were ashamed to show their shabbiness during the day, are never seen round Paris until after dark

It took them to their dwelling in the Rue des Martyrs, and sadly they mounted the stairs to their flat All was ended for her As to him, he reflected that he must be at the ministry at ten o'clock that morning

She removed her wraps before the glass so as to see herself once more in all her glory But suddenly she uttered a cry She no longer had the necklace around her neck!

"What is the matter with you" demanded her husband, already half undressed

She turned distractedly toward him

"I have--I have--I've lost Madame Forestier's necklace," she cried

He stood up, bewildered

"What!--how Impossible!"

They looked among the folds of her skirt, of her cloak, in her pockets, everywhere, but did not find it

"You're sure you had it on when you left the ball" he asked

"Yes, I felt it in the vestibule of the minister's house"

"But if you had lost it in the street we should have heard it fall It must be in the cab"

"Yes, probably Did you take his number"

"No And you--didn't you notice it"

"No"

They looked, thunderstruck, at each other At last Loisel put on his clothes

"I shall go back on foot," said he, "over the whole route, to see whether I can find it"

He went out She sat waiting on a chair in her ball dress, without strength to go to bed, overwhelmed, without any fire, without a thought

Her husband returned about seven o'clock He had found nothing

He went to police headquarters, to the newspaper offices to offer a reward; he went to the cab companies--everywhere, in fact, whither he was urged by the least spark of hope

She waited all day, in the same condition of mad fear before this terrible calamity

Loisel returned at night with a hollow, pale face He had discovered nothing

"You must write to your friend," said he, "that you have broken the clasp of her necklace and that you are having it mended That will give us time to turn round"

She wrote at his dictation

At the end of a week they had lost all hope Loisel, who had aged five years, declared:

"We must consider how to replace that ornament"

The next day they took the box that had contained it and went to the jeweler whose name was found within He consulted his books

"It was not I, madame, who sold that necklace; I must simply have furnished the case"

Then they went from jeweler to jeweler, searching for a necklace like the other, trying to recall it, both sick with chagrin and grief

They found, in a shop at the Palais Royal, a string of diamonds that seemed to them exactly like the one they had lost It was worth forty thousand francs They could have it for thirty-six

So they begged the jeweler not to sell it for three days yet And they made a bargain that he should buy it back for thirty-four thousand francs, in case they should find the lost necklace before the end of February

Loisel possessed eighteen thousand francs which his father had left him He would borrow the rest

He did borrow, asking a thousand francs of one, five hundred of another, five louis here, three louis there He gave notes, took up ruinous obligations, dealt with usurers and all the race of lenders He compromised all the rest of his life, risked signing a note without even knowing whether he could meet it; and, frightened by the trouble yet to come, by the black misery that was about to fall upon him, by the prospect of all the physical privations and moral tortures that he was to suffer, he went to get the new necklace, laying upon the jeweler's counter thirty-six thousand francs

When Madame Loisel took back the necklace Madame Forestier said to her with a chilly manner:

"You should have returned it sooner; I might have needed it"

She did not open the case, as her friend had so much feared If she had detected the substitution, what would she have thought, what would she have said Would she not have taken Madame Loisel for a thief

Thereafter Madame Loisel knew the horrible existence of the needy She bore her part, however, with sudden heroism That dreadful debt must be paid She would pay it They dismissed their servant; they changed their lodgings; they rented a garret under the roof

She came to know what heavy housework meant and the odious cares of the kitchen She washed the dishes, using her dainty fingers and rosy nails on greasy pots and pans She washed the soiled linen, the shirts and the dishcloths, which she dried upon a line; she carried the slops down to the street every morning and carried up the water, stopping for breath at every landing And dressed like a woman of the people, she went to the fruiterer, the grocer, the butcher, a basket on her arm, bargaining, meeting with impertinence, defending her miserable money, sou by sou

Every month they had to meet some notes, renew others, obtain more time

Her husband worked evenings, making up a tradesman's accounts, and late at night he often copied manuscript for five sous a page

This life lasted ten years

At the end of ten years they had paid everything, everything, with the rates of usury and the accumulations of the compound interest

Madame Loisel looked old now She had become the woman of impoverished households--strong and hard and rough With frowsy hair, skirts askew and red hands, she talked loud while washing the floor with great swishes of water But sometimes, when her husband was at the office, she sat down near the window and she thought of that gay evening of long ago, of that ball where she had been so beautiful and so admired

What would have happened if she had not lost that necklace Who knows who knows How strange and changeful is life! How small a thing is needed to make or ruin us!

But one Sunday, having gone to take a walk in the Champs Elysees to refresh herself after the labors of the week, she suddenly perceived a woman who was leading a child It was Madame Forestier, still young, still beautiful, still charming

Madame Loisel felt moved Should she speak to her Yes, certainly And now that she had paid, she would tell her all about it Why not

She went up

"Good-day, Jeanne"

The other, astonished to be familiarly addressed by this plain good-wife, did not recognize her at all and stammered:

"But--madame!--I do not know--You must have mistaken"

"No I am Mathilde Loisel"

Her friend uttered a cry

"Oh, my poor Mathilde! How you are changed!"

"Yes, I have had a pretty hard life, since I last saw you, and great poverty--and that because of you!"

"Of me! How so"

"Do you remember that diamond necklace you lent me to wear at the ministerial ball"

"Yes Well"

"Well, I lost it"

"What do you mean You brought it back"

"I brought you back another exactly like it And it has taken us ten years to pay for it You can understand that it was not easy for us, for us who had nothing At last it is ended, and I am very glad"

Madame Forestier had stopped

"You say that you bought a necklace of diamonds to replace mine"

"Yes You never noticed it, then! They were very similar"

And she smiled with a joy that was at once proud and ingenuous

Madame Forestier, deeply moved, took her hands

"Oh, my poor Mathilde! Why, my necklace was paste! It was worth at most only five hundred francs!"

《项链》 中文剧本

序曲

（一个简陋屋子里梳妆台前，玛蒂尔德有些忧伤地坐着看这镜子里这动人的容颜，她不觉有些遗憾。）

玛蒂尔德：哎，为什么命运是这样弄人。为什么我只能穿的如此朴素的照着镜子孤芳自赏，为什么我不能象那些风韵万千的女人太太们一起出入交际的场合，和体面的有钱人结识。我应该生在那种贵族的家庭，拥有体面的生活。可是现在，哎。看看着简陋的屋子吧，什么都没有。看那面墙，上面应该帖在名贵的画幅才对。我要打扮的漂漂亮亮的和那些阔太太们坐在宽敞舒适的客厅里闲谈，这才是我想要的生活。

（玛蒂尔德走到饭厅的桌子前面，上面铺着一块三天没有洗过的桌布，她促了促眉头。）

玛蒂尔德；哎，多脏的桌子啊。要是能和那些阔太太们一样揭开锅子的时候喝的是肉汤，那丰盛的晚餐，真是诱人啊！（作无限遐想状）

（遐想完毕，睁开眼睛发现什么也没有）

玛蒂尔德（流泪的幽怨的）：为什么，为什么我不能和佛来思节一样过着富裕快乐的生活呢，为什么，为什么……

第一幕

(一天傍晚,丈夫得意洋洋的回来,手里拿了个大信封)

乔治:看呀,这里有个东西给你

玛蒂尔德(高兴地拆开信封):教育部部长乔治教育部长乔治•朗伯诺及夫人，恭请路瓦栽先生与夫人于一月十八日（星期一）光临教育部礼堂，参加夜会。

她有些懊恼地把信丢在桌子上,咕哝道:”你叫我拿这东西怎么办呢”

乔治:但是，亲爱的，我原以为你一定很喜欢的，你从来不出门，这是一个机会，一个，一个好机会！（愁苦的，委屈的）我费了多大力气才弄到手！大家都希望得到，可是很难得到，一向很少发给职员。你在那里可以看见所有的官员。”

玛蒂尔德(有些恼怒的,不耐烦地大声说):”你打算让我穿什么去呢”

乔治(有些结结巴巴): “你上戏院子穿的那件衣裳，我觉得就很好，照我看……”

乔治惊惶失措的住口, 玛蒂尔德哭了起来,两颗泪珠慢慢的顺着脸颊流下

乔治(吃吃地):”你怎么了,你怎么了”

玛蒂尔德（擦干了脸上的泪水,终于平静起来）：“没有什么，只是,没有一件像样的衣服，我不能去参加这个夜会。你的同事，谁的妻子打扮得比我好，就把这请柬送给谁去吧！（说到这里，又哭了出来）”

乔治(难受地): “好吧，玛蒂尔德。做一身合适的衣服，你在别的场合也能穿，很朴素的，得多少钱呢？”

玛蒂尔德(想了好一会,迟疑的) “准数呢，我不知道，不过我想，有四百法郎就可以办到。”

乔治(脸色苍白地): 好吧！我给你四百法郎。不过你得把这件长衣裙做得好看些。”

第二幕

旁白: 夜会的日子近了，但是路瓦栽夫人显得郁闷、不安、忧愁。她的衣服却做好了，她丈夫有一天晚上对她说——

乔治(担心的):”你怎么了？看看这三天来你非常奇怪，是不是得了什么病了？”

玛蒂尔德（埋怨的）：“叫我发愁的是一粒珍珠、一块宝石都没有，没有什么戴的。我处处带着穷酸气，你很不想去参加这个夜会！

乔治：“戴上几多鲜花吧！别在胸前与肩上装点一下，这个时节是很时兴的！花十个法郎就能买到两三多别致的玫瑰”

玛蒂尔德（不依）：“不成。。。。。。在阔太太中露穷酸相，再难堪不过了！”

乔治（大声地）： “你多么傻呀！你不是有一个叫弗莱斯杰夫人的朋友吗！你和她的交情非比寻常，量来你去问她借几件珠宝是不成问题的！”

玛蒂尔德（惊喜地）：“真的呢！我倒没有想到这个！”

第三幕

旁白：第二天，玛蒂尔德到他的朋友家中。

玛蒂尔德（热烈的）：“哦！佛来思节！”

佛来思节（热烈的）：“哦，玛蒂尔德，好久不见了，好想你啊！”

旁白：两人走到桌前坐下了。

（仆人上）

仆人（恭敬的）：“太太，咖啡。”

玛蒂尔德（微笑着）：“谢谢！哦！佛来思节，不愧是大户人家，连家里仆人也这样懂礼貌！”

佛来思节（微笑着）：“呵呵，今天来找我，是为了什么事？”

玛蒂尔德（愁苦的）：“哎！佛来思节，我遇到麻烦了！”

佛来思节（关心的）：“怎么了，我亲爱的玛蒂尔德？”

玛蒂尔德（感觉难以开口的）：“是这样的，……我丈夫前几天接到了教育部发来的请柬，请柬上说让我们去参加夜会，我恰好做了一件新衣服所以很乐意去，不过……你是知道的，我平时就很朴素，所以没有什么首饰……”

佛来思节（微微一笑离开座位，走到后台，取出一只大匣子，拿过来并打开，善解人意地）：“挑吧，亲爱的。”

玛蒂尔德（高兴的）：“哦！太谢谢你了，你真是我的好姐妹！”

旁白：（边说，玛蒂尔德边做）玛蒂尔德先看了几副镯子，又看了一挂珍珠项圈，随后又看了一个威尼斯式的镶着宝石的金十字

　作为一位无私奉献的人民教师，总不可避免地需要编写教案，教案有利于教学水平的提高，有助于教研活动的开展。优秀的教案都具备一些什么特点呢？以下是我为大家收集的《项链》教案3篇，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

《项链》教案 篇1

　内容预览：

　第一单元生活况味

　1、《项链》教案（一）

　教学目标：

　1、了解本文情节结构的巧妙及运用心理描写刻画人物的方法；

　2、认识虚荣心是导致其悲剧的原因，而社会制度才是根本原因。就项链引导学生正确认识对美、享受的追求。

　教学重点 难点： 人物的理解和认识事物的本质。

　教学时数： 2课时。

　第一课时

　要点：构思和结构

　过程：

　一、自读课文；

　二、把握线索：

　全文围绕项链，依次展开借、丢、赔的环节；

　三、结构：

　借项链--丢项链--赔项链--还债务--假项链

　四、构思精巧（结合练习完成）

　项链是赝品到文末才道破，意料之外，却又在情理之中，文中作了铺垫和暗示，共三处：

　（1）借时，女友很大方，毫不迟疑说当然可以；

　（2）还时，女友竟未打开，说明并非贵重首饰；

　（3）买时，老板说只卖出这个盒子，说明并非原配卖出，

　这更增加了情节的波澜，引人入胜，回味无穷。

　作业：找出文中作者议论的话，看看其含义如何。

　第二课时

　要点：人物分析，写法特点，主题讨论

　过程：

　一、人物形象探讨

　1、关于本文,有人认为是悲剧，有人认为是喜剧，你认为呢？

　2、关于玛蒂尔德的梦想你如何看待？

　3、 玛蒂尔德是小职员之妻，小资产阶级妇女形象，爱慕虚荣，向往荣华富贵，又因不能实现而倍感痛苦；但也有其诚实、善良的一面，坚强而有毅力，却仍念念不忘一夜虚荣，（假项链的结局是对她的虚荣心的沉重打击。）

　4、写法特点：心理描写

　细腻、深刻、生动地展现了人物的内心世界，文章的开头部分

　二、主题：

　关于这篇小说的主题，主要有以下三种观点，你同意哪一种，理由是什么？

　①小说尖锐地讽刺了爱慕虚荣和追求享乐的思想。

　②小说表现了人生的无常、命运的无常。

　③小说对女主人公的追求奢华生活遭到失败的不幸表示同情, 对其以诚实劳动偿还债务的行为予以肯定，对主人公的虚荣心作了批评。

　三、讨论：导致其悲剧的原因是什么？

　丢项链？（文中关于偶然的议论是否得当？）其实，即使不是这次，下次还会受挫折，她想过上流社会的生活，必不为其所容，形成难以调和的矛盾，所以，社会存在，这矛盾就存在，其失败、悲剧就必不可免，这才是根本原因。

　由此，我们应注意什么或能有什么启示呢？

　（1） 超越自身经济条件去追求美、享乐，往往会失败；

　（2） 片面追求外表美而不注意提高自身素质，这样的美不会长久，也不是真美；

　（3） 只有合乎自己身份、地位的美，才是协调的美，不会有不伦不类不美之感。

　四、续 写

　5、玛蒂尔德听到项链是假的后：

　1、会是什么心情？

　2、她以后的生活会怎样？

　要求：

　1、充分展开想象。

　2、想象应合乎人物的性格,要体现小说的主题思想。

　六、课堂小节

　五、课后作业

　写一篇800字左右的短文，谈谈你对虚荣的看法，注意联系生活实际。

　《项链》教案（二）

　教学目标：

　1、通过作品语言分析玛蒂尔德性格特点。

　2、理解人物性格的复杂与统一。

　3、人物命运包含着的哲理思考。

　4、探讨研究人物给人以多种解读的可能。

　教学重难点：

　从人性的角度诠释玛蒂尔得这一人物，人物命运包含着的哲理思考。

　课时：1课时

　教学流程：

　一、导入

　（深情感慨地）：她如昙花一现，她如流星一闪，她出尽一夜风头，她受尽十年辛酸。今天，她离开法兰西，来到我们中间，与我们一起追忆那段似水华年让我们一同走进承载着玛蒂尔德命运的《项链》。--板书：项链

　二、初读课文，概括小说的情节

　这挂熠熠生辉的钻石相连，这个容貌娇俏的美丽女子，我们已经在英语课文中与她相识。现在就请大家在预习的基础上重读小说，快速概括小说情节。思考一下：a这篇小说的线索是什么？b围绕这个线索写了几件事？

　（学生读课文）

　这是一段让人唏嘘感慨的故事，哪位同学与我们分享一下所概括的小说情节呢？

　（学生回答问题）总结四字借失赔识。

　板书：

　失 赔

　项 链

　借 识

　三、通过作品语言，分析玛蒂尔德的性格特征。

　生活和玛蒂尔德开了一个绝大的玩笑，就在她的幸福达到顶点时，项链丢了；花了十年光阴还了项链，生活又和她开了一个巨大的玩笑，项链是假的。是什么造成玛蒂尔德这样的命运呢？让我们通过小说中的心理描写来一探究竟。

　（1）新婚后的玛蒂尔德

　A、首先，请一位同学为我们来美读小说的楔子部分。请大家在欣赏的同时，体会一下这部分中哪个词语反复出现？

　（播放《圣母颂》学生配乐朗读）

　B、（读完后）刚才我们已经随着玛蒂尔德畅想神游了一番，那么，这两段文字中哪一个词语反复出现？

　生：梦想。（板书：梦想）

　C、梦想可不可以换成 理想？它表现了玛蒂尔德什么思想性格？

　生1：不能。因为理想是建立在现实基础之上的。玛蒂尔德整天做白日梦，想入非非，又不去劳动创造，她的梦想完全是空想。它表现了玛蒂尔德爱慕虚荣、追求享受的思想性格。

　师：非常正确。玛蒂尔德的梦想工程实际上是空中楼阁，它只可以给玛蒂尔德的虚荣心以片刻的满足。（板书：虚荣）

　（2）还债时的玛蒂尔德

　那么就让我们随着情节的发展，品读小说的另一整块心理描写。课本P17,

　也就是小说的第五部分：还债时的玛蒂尔德，看看此时的她身上又闪耀着怎样的性格特征。

　请大家在默读时找出相关的情节、语句，同桌讨论并概括玛蒂尔德的思想性格。

　（生讨论可能涉及的）：勤劳坚强、吃苦耐劳

　师：除了勤劳坚强，你认为玛蒂尔德还有哪些可爱之处？（板书：英雄 坚强）

　（生可能涉及）诚实守信，有借有还，热爱生活，纯洁高尚。

　（3）以上就是我们从小说的心理描写中萃取出的人物性格。这是西洋小说的常用技法。而我们中国古典小说呢，却擅长用诗词或对联给人物画像。现在，就请大家根据自己对玛蒂尔德的理解写一首诗词，一幅对联，来描绘、评析她的形象。

　板书：一夜风光 十年艰辛

　师小结人物形象：优秀的文学形象都是丰满的，复杂的。玛蒂尔德有爱慕虚荣的一面，但也有坚强的一面。这就是性格的多面性。

　四、人物命运包含着的哲理思考。

　然而，面对这跌宕波折的命运曲线，面对这十年青春换来的钻石项链，我们能否把玛蒂尔德十年的遭遇简单地归结于她的虚荣心呢？到底是什么导致了玛蒂尔德的悲剧呢？（停顿）课文中有没有暗示玛蒂尔德十年心酸际遇原因的情节呢？小说开头有一个极重要的细节，大家找到没有？--也，它意味着什么？

　法国社会以竞相追求感官享乐为目的：男性以猎取女性以跻身上流社会为目的，不如莫泊桑小说《俊友》中的主人公：杜洛阿（板书）；女性则以美貌为资本，不惜出卖自己的青春来换取暂时的感官愉悦或慰藉。

　其实，小说中也多次暗示了这一社会风气。大家可以从小说第四部分--那场改变玛蒂尔德命运的舞会--中的一些情节来体会。

　她丈夫从半夜起就跟三个男宾在一间冷落的小客室里睡着了。那时候，这三个男宾的妻子也正舞得快活。

　这种车，巴黎只有夜间才看得见；白天，他们好像自惭形秽，不出来。

　教师：这就是当时的社会。当你的邻居葛朗台上星期五突然成了富翁的时候，几乎是没有人再能坐得住的，于连就是这样。但是他失败了，并走向毁灭。从本质上来说，于连的失败跟玛蒂尔德的失败虽然表现形式和结果并不一样，但是实质是一样的。

　好，现在咱们再来考虑：玛蒂尔德的悲剧根源到底是什么？

　学生：时代的悲剧。

　五、多元解读。

　我们说：玛蒂尔德的悲剧源自她爱慕虚荣的性格，源自那个追慕奢华的社会。这是我们今天对《项链》这个文本的解读。但是作者莫泊桑先生认为玛悲剧的原因是什么呢？小说中有没有这样的语句？

　人生是多么奇怪，多么变幻无常啊，极细小的一件事可以败坏你也可以成全你。

　由此可见，只要言之成理，都是对文本的正确解读，那么同学们现在看看你从这篇小说中能读出些什么？受到哪些启示？（可以小组讨论）

　学生可能涉及的几种观点：

　勤劳坚强观；诚实守信观；热爱生活观；纯洁高尚观；爱情赞歌观；命运变奏曲观······（板书：勤劳坚强、诚实守信，热爱生活、纯洁高尚、爱情赞 歌、命运变奏曲）

　大家讨论德十分精彩，但是由于时间的关系，只能暂告于段落。我们可以把它作为一次周记课后详细的论述。

　六、结课。

　她如昙花一现，她如流星一闪。花开刹那，洁白芬芳，转瞬枯谢，零落成泥。十年韶华偿还了一串假项链。人在年青时，总会做许多看似美妙的梦，多年后蓦然回首，却发现大多数梦是荒唐可笑的。因此，我们一定要珍视这东流水般的光阴，珍视这一去不复返的青春。

　最后，让我们请一位同学演唱《光阴的故事》来结束这堂课。

　附板书： 失 赔

　梦 坚

　想 虚 英 强

　荣 项 链 雄

　葛朗台

　杜洛阿

　于 连

　借 识

　时 代

　悲剧

《项链》教案 篇2

　 活动目标：

　1利用彩色纸学习编折项链，巩固上下编折技能，发展幼儿动手能力。

　2尝试与同伴合作完成项链，体验编折活动的乐趣。

　3培养幼儿良好的操作习惯，能安静操作。

　4培养幼儿良好的作画习惯。

　5进一步学习在指定的范围内均匀地进行美术活动。

　 活动过程：

　一、活动导入

　出示范例：这是什么呀？你知道它是怎么做出来的吗？

　幼儿一起说一说。

　二、教师和幼儿一起复习编折技能。

　教师编折项链。

　幼儿回忆说说编折注意的地方。

　教师小结：编折的时候始终以下面的纸条压住上面的纸条。

　三、幼儿操作，教师巡视指导。

　幼儿自由操作。

　教师提醒幼儿安静操作。

　鼓励幼儿和同伴合作黏贴项链。

　师：老师要一条长长的项链，你们有什么好办法，在最快的时间里完成。（和朋友合作）

　四、展示评价

　教师展示幼儿的作品。

　幼儿相互评价。

　 活动反思：

　通过活动，幼儿进一步巩固了上下编折技能，发展了动手能力，在尝试和同伴合作完成项链时，孩子们能相互合作，最后把项链合作组合了长长的项链，体验了活动的快乐。在活动中，个别幼儿动手能力还比较弱，如曹伟晨、徐唯淩等，他们的小手肌肉发展较慢，再加上幼儿缺乏一定的坚持性，故完成作品显得比较困难，虽然老师请同伴帮助他们，但孩子的动手能力和独立性老师要和家长沟通，加强培养。

《项链》教案 篇3

　 教学目标：

　1理解曲折的情节、巧妙的布局对表现主题的作用。

　2理解生动、细腻刻画人物心理活动对表现人物性格所起的重要作用。

　3对主人公玛蒂尔德作出自己客观公正的评价，进而准确把握作品的深刻内涵。

　4结合现实生活，让学生从玛蒂尔德的悲剧中得到启迪，树立正确的人生观。

　 教学重点：

　1理解曲折的情节、巧妙的布局对表现主题的作用。

　2理解生动、细腻刻画人物心理活动对表现人物性格所起的重要作用。

　3对主人公玛蒂尔德作出自己客观公正的评价，进而准确把握作品的深刻内涵。

　 教学难点：

　对主人公玛蒂尔德作出自己客观公正的评价，进而准确把握作品的深刻内涵。

　 教学方法：

　指导阅读法、讨论法

　 教学课时：

　一课时

　 教学过程：

　一、导入

　以法国宫廷舞会的影片片段引入。

　二、粗读课文，整体领悟

　1复述故事情节。

　2理清故事结构，以“项链”为中心词给小说各部分情节拟一个小标题。

　借项链--丢项链--赔项链--识项链

　3在这几个情节中，哪些情节对人物命运影响最大

　丢项链--人物命运的转折点。

　识项链--人物再次受到命运的捉弄和打击。

　4请你用几个词分别形容一下十年前后的玛蒂尔德的形象。相比之下你更喜欢哪一个

　年轻漂亮、高雅迷人、爱幻想

　苍老、粗壮耐劳、不爱梳妆打扮、高声大气说话

　三、研读课文，仔细品味

　(一)品读人物形象

　作者说：“要是那时侯没有丢掉那挂项链，她现在是怎样一个境况呢谁知道呢谁知道呢!人生是多么奇怪，多么变幻无常啊，极细小的一件事可以败坏你，也可以成全你!”

　1“极细小的一件事”指什么事

　明确：丢项链

　2丢项链前后，玛蒂尔德的人生有什么不同仔细阅读小说，完成下表。

　玛蒂尔德的人生

　丢项链前

　丢项链后

　外 貌

　她也是一个美丽动人的姑娘

　美丽、丰韵、娇媚

　天生的聪明、优美的资质、温柔的性情

　她成了一个穷苦人家的粗壮耐劳的妇女了。她胡乱地挽着头发， 歪斜地系着裙子，露着一双通红的手，高声大气地说着话，用大桶的水刷洗地板。

　生活状况

　住宅寒伧、墙壁黯淡、家具破旧、衣料粗陋。

　没有漂亮服装，没有珠宝

　有个小女仆，有“好香的肉汤”

　刷洗杯盘碗碟，用肥皂洗衬衣，洗抹布，把垃圾从楼上提到街上，再把水从楼下提到楼上，她穿得像一个穷苦的女人，胳膊上挎着篮子，到水果店里，杂货店里，肉铺里，争价钱，受嘲骂，一个铜子一个铜子地节省她那艰难的钱。

　心理状况

　狂乱的梦想：“幽静的厅堂”、“宽敞的客厅”、“华美而香气扑鼻的小客室”、“精美的晚餐，亮晶晶的银器”、“盛在名贵盘碗里的佳肴”。

　她不断地感到痛苦，看望有钱的女朋友回来就会感到十分痛苦，由于伤心、悔恨、失望、困苦，她常常整日地哭好几天。

　一下子显出了英雄气概，毅然决然打定了主意。她要偿还这笔可怕的债务。

　有时候，她一个人坐在窗前，就回想起当年那个舞会来，那个晚上，她多么美丽，多么使人倾倒啊!

　原 因

　(性格)

　贪慕虚荣

　诚实、坚强

　3作者说“要是那时侯没有丢掉那挂项链，她现在是怎样一个境况呢谁知道呢谁知道呢!”你知道吗发挥你的想象，说一说如果没有丢掉项链，玛蒂尔德的生活会是什么样。她的人生悲剧能够避免吗她能因那场令她出尽风头的夜会挤进上流社会吗

　明确：只要还有贪图享乐的思想和虚荣心，她的人生悲剧迟早都会发生。不发生在这件事情上，也一定会发生在别的什么事情上。

　玛蒂尔德不可能因一场夜会而挤进上流社会。她进入上流社会的最大拦路虎是她出身的阶层和社会地位。在玛蒂尔德生活的那个等级森严的社会中，一个出身卑微的小人物是不可能改变自己的命运的。

　4比较玛蒂尔德丢项链前后的状况，你认为丢项链这一事件，对玛蒂尔德是“成全”还是“败坏”为什么

　明确：学生言之成理即可。

　5作者是用什么方法来揭示玛蒂尔德的内心世界的

　明确：丰富、细腻、深刻的心理描写是刻画玛蒂尔德形象的主要方法：

　①用心理分析的方法，直截了当地表现她的内心世界，如开篇时介绍她对现实的种种不满，对豪华奢侈的贵妇人生活的狂热梦想;

　②通过玛蒂尔德的语言和行动来展示其内心世界，如得到请柬后，情绪的变化：懊恼地丢--哭起来--迟疑地提出要求--郁闷不安、忧愁--迟疑而焦急地、借--跳、搂、亲、跑。这些动作语言就把她那种既急切地盼望参加夜会，又为自己没有合适的舞服而懊恼，为丈夫贫困而悔恨的复杂心理，也写的细致入微，把玛蒂尔德在虚荣心指使下所表现出来的心理，刻画得活灵活现。

　6归纳玛蒂尔德的形象特点。

　(二)品鉴情节结构

　1“借项链”是人物命运的转折点，看似偶然，实则是作者层层铺垫下情节发展的必然结果。请你说一说作者是怎样铺垫的

　明确：序幕写她狂热的梦想，为下文她参加舞会赶制新衣及借项链做了充分的铺垫。

　玛蒂尔德受虚荣心的驱使，为了不使自已在夜会显得寒酸，借来项链精心包装自己，埋下了悲剧的导火线;在夜会上她的虚荣心获得了极大的满足，沉迷在欢乐里，“什么都不想了”;夜会结束，怕丈夫披在她身上的家常外衣，被穿珍贵皮衣的女人看到暴露她的穷酸相，于是匆匆逃走，回家的途中依然陶醉于夜会的成功，得意忘形，这种陶醉、慌乱和得意中，为“丢项链”作了铺垫。丢失项链的必然性，正是以玛蒂尔德的性格为基础的，是她那爱慕虚荣的性格造成的。

　2“识项链”中得知项链是假的，出人意料却又在情理之中，作者早在前文有了多次暗示，请找出来。

　明确：三次伏笔：借项链时女友的慷慨--赔项链时老板的回答--还项链时女友的随意

　3构思的“巧妙”体现在哪里“深刻”体现在哪里

　明确：铺垫与伏笔，为展开情节提供了可靠的依据。

　四个有关项链的情节，只有“赔项链”不具有偶然性，是玛蒂尔德对生活的抉择。

　项链是假的衬托玛蒂尔德的单纯、诚实与守信，也暗示着上流社会的虚伪。

　4戛然而止的结尾有什么丰富的意味

　明确：①给玛蒂尔德心灵上沉重的打击，进一步批判其虚荣心。玛蒂尔德以青春为代价，节衣缩食，倾其所有，用10年时间还清债务，一旦得知项链是假项链，她为了夜会“成功”所付出的代价太沉重了，是对她的虚荣心狠狠的一击。

　②深化主题。项链固然是假的，她所追求并陶醉于其中一夜狂欢也是假的，她梦寐以求的奢华享受同样也是虚幻的，不值得用有意义的生命去追求。

　③空白的艺术手法，借无形表现有形，赋予空白丰富多彩的形象性，依据欣赏主体的不同，表达更丰富的生活内容。

　(三)品味小说主题

　1作者对玛蒂尔德是什么态度你怎么评价她

　2玛蒂尔德的悲剧源于她对现实的不满，对现实生活不满意的她产生这样的梦想错了吗该如何看待她的梦想

　3作者借玛蒂尔德的悲剧是要告诉我们什么呢

　明确：①小说通过对一个爱慕虚荣，一心向上爬的小资产阶级妇女的不幸遭遇的描写，尖锐讽刺了虚荣心和追求享乐的思想，批判了资产阶级上流社会奢侈的生活。

　②人生变幻，命运无常，难以把握。社会残酷，人生残酷!

　四、作业

　《项链》构思巧妙，尤其是其戛然而止的结尾给读者留下了丰富的想象空间，请你选择一题，展开想象，续写(改写)小说结局。

　①改写结局：“要是那时没有丢失那挂项链，她现在是怎样一个景况呢……”

　②续写结局：“可是我那挂是假的，至多值五百法郎……”