英语音标发音规则
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a
在开音节中
[ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在闭音节中
[æ] bag dad hat map black back
e
在开音节中
[i:] he these me Chinese
在闭音节中
[e] bed let pen desk yes egg
i
在开音节中
[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite
在闭音节中
[i] fish big drink sit milk swim
o
在开音节中
[əu] those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中
[ɔ] clock not box shop sock
u
在开音节中
[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday
在闭音节中
[ʌ]bus cup jump much lunch
在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super
二,元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a
[ə] China another woman breakfast
[i] orange comrade village cabbage
e
[ə] hundred student open weekend
[ə:] nerve serve term
[i] chicken pocket begin children
i
[i] holiday beautiful family animal
[ai] exercise satellite
o
[ə] second tonight somebody welcome
[əu] also zero photo
u
[ə] autumn difficult
[ju:] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue
三,元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母
读 音
例 词
a在[w]音后面
[ɔ] want what watch wash quality
a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前
[a:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前
[ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前
[əu] most postcard old cold
o在m n v th前
[ʌ] come monkey love mother
四,-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
ar
ar在[w]音后面
[a:] car farm dark sharpener
[ɔ:] warm quarter towards
or
or在[w]音后面
[ɔ:] forty morning short
[ə:] word worker worse
er ir ur
[ə:] certainly bird Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音例如: carry sorry hurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五,-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
are
[ɛə] care dare hare
ere
[iə] here mere
ire
[aiə] fire hire wire
ore
[ɔ:] more score before
ure
[juə] pure cure
are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[ə]音,例如:picture pleasure
重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音
例如:parent zero story during inspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象
例如:orange very American paragraph
六,元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组
读 音
例 词
ai/ay
[ei] afraid rain wait day play
air
[aiə] air hair chair pair repair
al在f m前
[ɔ] small ball talk wall all
[ɔ:l] always also salt almost bald
[a:] half calm
au/aw
[ɔ:] autumn daughter draw
ea
[i:] teach easy cheap please
[e] heavy bread sweater weather
[ei] break great
ear
[iə] hear dear near clear year
[εə] bear pear wear
[ə:] earth learn early
ee
[i:] jeep week green three
eer
[iə] pioneer deer beer
ei/ey
[ei] eight neighbour they
[i:] either key
eu/ew在j l r s后
[ju:] new few newspaper
[u:] flew brew
ie/ei在[s]音之后
[i:] piece field receive
oa
[əu] coat Joan boat goal
oar/oor
[ɔ:] roar board door floor
oi/oy
[ɔi] noise point boy toilet
oo
[u:] broom food tooth school
[u] book look cook foot good
ou/ow
[au] flower house count down
[əu] know row throw though
[ʌ] young country enough
[u:] group you soup
our
[ɔ:] course your four
[auə] our hour ours
[ə:] journey
ui
在j l r s后
[ju:i] fluid suicide tuition
[u:] juice fruit suit
七,非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群
读 音
例 词
ai/ay ei/ey
[i] Sunday foreign monkey
ow
[əu] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i]
例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion
[∫n] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后
[ӡn] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后
[t∫ən] question suggestion
-sten
[sn] listen
-stle
[sl] whistle
-sure
[ӡə] pleasure measure
-ture
[t∫ə] picture culture
八,元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读
例如:
everyday[ei]
handbag[æ]
blackboard[ɔ:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音
例如:
sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天
holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日
break中断 + fast[a:]斋戒 > breakfast[ə] 早餐
cup茶杯 + board木板[ɔ:] > cupboard[ə] 碗柜
九,辅字组的读音
辅字组
读 音
例 词
b
[b] bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
c
c在e前或在i/y前
[k] cake picture coat music
[s] face decide cinema
ch
[t∫] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[∫] machine
-ck
[k] cock pocket black knock
d
[d] doctor bread hand day
-dge
[dӡ] bridge fridge
dr-
[dr] children driver drink
f
[f] five four breakfast
g
g在e i/y前
[g] bag gardon go
[dӡ] orange large German
gh
[f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -gue
gu在非重读音节中
[g] guess league dialogue
[gw] language anguish
h
[h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j
[dӡ] jeep jar joke join July
k
[k] kind bike skate make week
kn-
[n] knife know knock
l
[l] life milk school tall
m
[m] monkey come autumn
-mn
[m] autumn column
n
n在[k] [g]音前
[n] not shine ten note
[ŋ] uncle thank hungry
-ng
[ŋ] morning young wrong
p
[p] paper plane pig ship pen
ph
[f] elephant photo telephone
q
[k] Iraq
qu-
[kw] quality quite
r
[r] red rubber ruler
韩国那边读的:责(哎~)喽。「亲。中间那个哎要连读。。」
中国这边读的:英语字母Z的读音。Ze(Z~哎)lo(喽)。
希望能帮到亲。如果还不清楚的话,加我微信我语音给你听~^_^。
最好从小的到大的一起看看,系统一点的,相信你能看出规律的
(1)基数词的读法
我们先从基数词人手首先掌握三位以内数字的读法,因为它是多位数字的基础,一旦熟练掌握,再借助一个逗号,便可轻松应付四位以上任何庞大的数字我们可以通过例子来说明这一点
①3—5位数的读法
202读作:two hundred(and)two
234读作:two hundred(and)thirty-four
1, 234读作:one thousand two hundred(and)thirtyfour
但是在读法上须注意以下几点:
a.在英式英语中,一个数的最后两位(十位和个位)得用“and\'’,但美式英语中则不用如:3,077读作:US:three thousand seventy—seven.
b.不定冠词“a”只在数的开头才和hundred,thousand等连用试比较:
146读作:ahundred(and)forty-six
2,146读作:twothousand,one hundred(and)fortysix
c1,000这个整数我们说athousand,在and前我们也说a thousand,但是在一个有百位数的数目前就得说one thousand试比较:
1,031读作:a thousand,(and)thirty-one,
1,150读作:one thousand,one hundred(and)fifty
dhundred,thousand和million这几个词的单数可以和:“a”者“one”连用,但是不能单独使用在非正式文体中“a”比较常见;当我们说话比较准确的时候就用“one”试比较:
I Want to live for a hundred years.
The journey took exactly one hundred days.
e我们常常说eleven hundred(1,100),twelve hundred(1,200)等,而不说one thous and one hundred.从1,100到1,900之间的整数,这种说法最常见
5位以上数字的读法
11,234读作:eleven thousand two hundred(and),thirty—four
155,721读作:one hundred(and)fifly-fivethous and seven hundred(and)twenty-one
6,155,702读作:six million one hundred(and)fifly-five thous and seven hundred and two
26,000,008读作:twenty-six million and eight
326,414,718读作:three hundred(and)twenty-six mil-lion,four hundred(and)four teen thous and,seven hundred(and)eigh-teen
4,302,000,000读作:four billion three hundred(and)two million
由以上一组数字可以看出,多位数由右向左每3位有一逗号,这个逗号的作用非同小可,在记忆数字时,它可以帮我们很大的忙!
逆向第一个逗号读thousand;向左再推三位,第二个逗号读million;第三个逗号读billion;第四个逗号就是trillion这几个逗号的作用在于,当我们听到若干thousand时,立即写下这个数,并在其后打一个逗号,并留出3位;当听到若干million,则写下数字,并在其后打一逗号,留出6位;听到若干billion,方法同上,在后面留出9位,后面的million、thousand依此法类推,让所有数字各就其位
例如,当你听到“twenty thous and andfour\'’写出20,“and four”意为后一组仅有个位,即:004,那么,这个数字完整地写下来就是20,004;若听到“six million twenty thousand four hundred and twenty—three,”则第一步先写:6,020,再将最后一组423写在第一个逗号后面完整的翠字为6,020,423若听到“One billion,one hundred and four million,twenty thousand four hundred and twenty-three”:主第一步写出1,104,第二步接下去写第三组020,第三步二写423,这样得到的完整数字便是1,104,020,423,由此:见这个三位一逗号的作用有多大只要我们在平时的训练中加强对三位数读写的训练,能分辨“ty”与“teen\'’,并能借助这个不可缺少的“逗号”,无论数字多么大,也不会对我们造成障碍
(2)序数词的读法
lst读作:(the)first
2nd读作:(the)second
3nd读作:(the)third
4th读作:(the)fourth
20th读作:(the)twentieth
21st读作:(the)twenty-first
22nd读作:(the)twenty-second
23rd读作:(the)twenty-third其它以此类推
A分数
(3)分数、小数和百分比的读法;分数中分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示先读分子,后读分母当分子大于1时,分母要加“s”例如
1/2读作:a/one half(口语中更倾向于用“a”代替“one”)
1/3读作:a/one third
1/8读作:an/one eighth
1/4读作:a/one quarter(fourth)
2/3读作:two thirds
1/5/9读作one and five ninths
比较复杂的分数常常用over这个词表示如:
317/509读作:three hundred and seventeen over five hundred and nine
3/4hour,7/lOmile则说three quarters of an hour(三刻钟),seven tenths of a mile(十分之七英里)
B.小数
含小数点的数字,小数点“.”读“point”,小数点后的数若是两位以上,则分别读出
0.5读作:(nought) point five
0.25读作:(nought) point two five
0.125读作;(nought)point one two five
93,64m读作:ninety-three point six four meters
2’15.11’’读作:two minutes fifteen point one one seconds
C.百分比
读百分比只需在相应的数字后加“percent"如:
25%读作twenty-five percent
11.3%读作eleven point three percent
(4)年代及日期的读法
数字表示的年份通常分成两半来说
2000B.C.读作:two thousand BC
1558读作:fifteen fifty-eight
1603读作:six teen(hundred and)three/sixteen oh three
921读作:nine twenty-one
日期的表达英式和美式有所不同,请注意区别
在日期的写法上,英式先写日子,美式先写月份
英1999年4月6日=6th April l999
美1999年4月6日=April 6,1999
在读法上,英国人有两种表达方式:
1.April the sixth,nineteen ninety-nine
2.The sixth of April,nineteen ninety-nine
美国人则一般这样表示:
April sixth,nineteenninety-nine(省略“the")
(5)钟点的读法
钟点的读法分英式和美式两种,我们应对此加以注意
英7:00 seveno’clock a.m./p.m.
8:15 a quarter past eight/eight fifteen
9:30 half past nine/nine thirty
9:45 a quarter to ten/nine forty-five
10:03 three(minutes)pastten/ten ohthree
美用法基本相似,只是英国用past之处,美国通常用after;英国用to之处,美国常用fo美5:15 a quarter after five/five fifteen
9:30 nine thirty/half past nine
9:45 a quarter of ten/nine forty-five
9:55 five of ten/nine fifty-five
当用于军事命令和旅行时间表时,其读法如下:
07:00 (Oh)seven hundred hours=7:00a.m.
09:15 (Oh) nine fifteen=9:15a.m.
12:00 twelve hundred hours=midday/noon
13:45 thirteen forty-five-1:45p.m.
19:00 nineteen hundred hours:7:OOp.m.
23:05 twenty-three(Oh)five--11:05p.m.
24:00 twenty-four hundred hours=midnight
24:10 twenty-fourten’ten past midnight
(6)电话号码、温度与门牌号的读法
A.电话号码
读电话号码时,每个数字一一读出,“o”英式读d1〔ou];美式则读zero(有时也读nought)英国人在读两个相同数字时,通常读成doublex尤其是当这两个数处在同一组时(电话号码由右向左每两位一组)例如:
345—6638读作:three four five,double six three eight
307—4922读作:three oh seven,four nine double two而美式则读成:three zero seven,four nine two two但如果相同的两个数不在同一组,则可以有两种读法例如:62899033即可读成six two eight double nine oh double three,也可读作six two eight nine nine oh double three,但99033绝不可读作nine nine oh three three相反,在遇到号码中数字相同时,美式则一律重复念出该数字但英式有一例外,英国的紧急电话999却总读成nine,nine,nine
B.温度
表示温度有华氏(Fahrenheit)和摄氏(Centigrade)两种英美均使用华氏作为温度的计量单位摄氏用法现已日渐普及
15℃读作:fifteen degrees Centigrade(或Celsius)
32℉读作:thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit
0C读作:nought degrees Centigrade
-5C读作:five degrees below zero
C.门牌号.
门牌号遇三位数分别读出各数字,遇四位数时则分成两半来读例如:
Room 302读作:Room three Of two/three zero two
3491 King Street读作:thirty-four ninety-one King Stred
p读“婆”(清音,读此音时,要去掉该中文字“O”的音),如:play,cup
b读“波”(读此音时,要去掉该中文字“O”的音),如:broom,Bob
t读“特”(清音,读此音时,要去掉该中文字“e”的音),如:take,let
d读“的”,如:desk,bed
k和在元音字母a或o或u前的c读“可”(清音,读此音时,要去掉该中文字“e”的音),
如:kite,bike,class,picture,can,cup,coffee
g读“哥”,如:good,bag
f读“抚”(清音,读此音时,必须上齿放在下唇上,发出清音,发音完成后才松开),
如:five,half
ph在单词词首,也读“抚”,如:phone,photo
gh在单词词末,也读“抚”,如:laugh,enough,cough
v读“抚”(中文无此音读此音时,也必须上齿放在下唇上,但发出浊音,发音完成后才
松开),如:very,give
th读“咝”(清音,中文无此音读此音时,想象一下蛇伸出舌头的样子,但必须上下齿咬
住舌尖,发出清音,发音完成后才松开),如:think,thank,three,thirteen
th读“嗞”(中文无此音读此音时,也必须上下齿咬住舌尖,但发出浊音,发音完成后才
松开),如:this,that,with
s和在元音字母e或i或y前的c,读“思”(清音),如:same,sound,house,face,
rice,circle,pencil,bicycle
z和在单词词末的s,读“子”(此音的发声方法与“思”相同,但要发出浊音),如:
zero,zebra,zoo,his,has
sh读“史”(清音,卷舌),如:sheep,wish,washroom
s在单词中间有时读“日”(卷舌),如:usually,decision
ch和tch读“耻”(清音,卷舌),如:which,lunch,chair,China,teach,catch,
match,watch
j和单词词末的ge,读“纸”(卷舌),如:jeep,Japan,orange,age
tr读“特惹”(两个音连读时要快,前音稍短,后音稍长),如:tree,truck,train,
trousers
dr读“的惹”(两个音连读时要快,前音稍短,后音稍长),如:drive,dry,dress,
drink
ts读“此”(清音,本来是由“特”和“思”两个音连读而成,其效果像“此”,故标成
“此”),如:cats,wants,students,boats
ds读“紫”(本来是由“的”和“子”两个音连读而成,其效果像“紫”,故标成
“紫”),如:beds,finds,hands
h读“喝”(清音),如:have,help,he
l后跟着元音字母,读“乐”,如:lake,like,let
l后跟着辅音字母或无元音字母,读“噢”(发此音时,舌尖必须顶住上颚不动,让气流从
舌头两边出来,发音完成后才松开),如:hill,ball,little,apple(这里的e是不读音
的)
m后跟着元音字母,读“么”,如:map,mother,make
m后跟着辅音字母或无元音字母,读“呣”(双唇自然闭合,但不必用力,声音从鼻腔发
出),如:game,home
n后跟着元音字母,读“呢”,如:nine,morning,need
n后跟着辅音字母或无元音字母,读“嗯”(双唇自然张开,声音从鼻腔发出),如:pen,
ten,nine,run
qu读“苦”(此音本来是由“可”和“舞”两个音连读而成,其效果像“苦”,故标成
“苦”),如:quite,queen,quick
r读“惹”,如:read,ride,ripe,rope
w读“舞”,如:we,way,wave
x读“可思”(清音),如:next,exercise,text
x有时也读“哥子”,如:exam,example
y作为辅音字母使用时读“以”,如:yes,year
ng在单词词末,读“鞥”(家长查查字典就知道这个音,也可向孩子这样解释:就是发出中
文字“等”的韵母的音),如:thing,ring,morning
ng在单词词中,读“鞥哥”,如:English
nk读“鞥可”(发“鞥”音的解释同上),如:think,thank
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