英语翻译有哪些需要注意的事项

　　英语翻译的4大注意事项

　一、戒“从一而终”

　汉语言简意赅，句子灵活，往往是一个汉语词汇对应N个英语词汇，具体到在本句中应该采用那个意项，务必抓住精神实质，不可以不变应万变。至于怎么应变，这就是显示译者功力的地方了。

　比如：都是“问题”，下面的翻译各不相同，几乎是打一枪换一个地方。

　共同关心的问题 questions of common interest

　解决问题 solve a problem

　问题的关键 the heart of the matter

　关键问题 a key problem

　原则问题 a question/ matter of principle

　悬而未决的问题 an outstanding issue

　没有什么问题 Without any mishap

　摩托车有点问题。 Something is wrong with the motorcycle

　问题不在这里。 That is not the point

　最近揭发出相当严重的贪污、受贿和官僚主义问题。 Serious cases of embezzlement, bribery, and bureaucracy have been brought to light recently

　译者要掌握这种汉英翻译中的“游击战术”，翻译家应是不同“文化王国”边境线上的“游击战略家”。

　沙博里将《水浒传》译为：Outlaws of the Marsh(沼泽地上的亡命之徒)。杨宪益译将屈原的《国殇》译为：For Those Fallen for Their Country，北外出版社将《儒林外史》译为：The Scholars。这些都是译者吃透了原文的原意而译出的佳作。

　二、戒望文生义，机械直译

　这多半是初学者犯的毛病，他们易于被表面现象所迷惑，做出令人啼笑皆非的事情。

　黄牛(yellow cow——ox前误后正，下同)黄鹂(yellow bird ——oriole)

　从小青梅竹马(green plum bamboo horse——grew up together)

　黄瓜( yellow melon——cucumber) 紫菜(purple vegetable ——laver)

　白菜( white vegetable ——Chinese cabbage)

　红木(red wood——pad auk) 红豆杉(red fir——Chinese yew)

　黑社会(black society ——sinister gang)

　三、戒“水土不符”，习惯搭配失当

　这的确是难度系数较大的问题，它要求译者既有较高的中文修养，又要有较高的英文造诣，一知半解的人常常在此“翻车”。如：

　写罢，掷笔在桌上。又歌了一回，再饮数杯酒，不觉沉醉，力不胜酒，便呼酒保计算了，取些银子算还，多的都赏了酒保。

　And tossed the pen on the table He intoned the verses to himself, then downed a few more cups of wine He was very dunk Song-Jiang asked for the bill, paid, and told the waiter to keep the change(沙博里译《水浒传·浔阳楼宋江吟反诗》)

　目前，《水浒传》最好的英译本要数沙博里先生的本子了。沙博里出生在美国，青年时来到中国，一住就是半个多世纪。为了译好《水浒传》，据说他潜心研究了山东的地方志和旧时方言，可谓精诚所致，译著既“达”又“雅”。然而历史告诉我们，中国古人没有用过钢笔，宋时用的还是毛笔，故the pen 应改为the writing-brush。

　白洋淀的导游牌上，“红菱”被硬硬地翻译成Red Ling。菱角有对应词的，应改为Red Water Chestnut。这里常常有外国人参观，如此翻译，令人汗颜!

　下面的几段译文就较好地照顾到了西方人的思维和理解习惯。

　老者道：“西方却去不得。那山离此有六十里远，正是西方必由之路。却有八百里火焰，周围寸草不生，若过此山，就是铜脑盖，铁身躯，也要化成汁哩。”

　"It's impossible to get to the west," the old man replied, "The mountains are about twenty miles from here You have to cross them to get to the west, but they're over 250 miles of flame Not a blade of grass can grow anywhere around Even if you had a skull of bronze and a body of iron, you would melt trying to cross them"

　(詹纳尔译《西游记·孙悟空一调芭蕉扇》)

　美国把贸易和人权扯在一起，只会损害两国的经济利益。

　The US policy of linking trade with human rights can only bring harm to the economic interests of the two countries

　关起门来搞建设是不成的，中国的发展离不开世界。 China can't develop in isolation from the rest of the world

　四、戒主语暗淡

　主语是句子的灵魂， 定住译文的主语的是关键的一步棋。主语定偏了，整个句子将显得松散乏力，甚至会误导读者。

　如果这个问题不解决，势必影响两国的利益。

　Failure to settle this issue is bound impair the relations between the two countries seriously

　If the problem is not solved , it is sure to affect the interests between the two countries

　在上面的两种译文中，显然第一种译文主语选得好，句子流畅。

　共同的利益把我们两个伟大的国家连接在一起。

　What holds our two great nations together is the cement of common interests

　此句主语部分处理得颇为干练。

　操吴戈兮披犀甲，车错毂兮短兵接。

　We grasp huge shields, clad in Rhinoceros Hide;the Chariots clash, the Daggers gashing wide(杨宪益译《屈原·国殇》)

　屈原一开篇就“操吴戈兮披犀甲，车错毂兮短兵接”，显然需要补充应有的主语。在《国殇》诗中，后面还有“身既死兮神以灵，子魂魄兮为鬼雄”的句子，可见屈原是以“局外人”的视角来写为国捐躯的将士的，而非把自己混为军中一员。译文中的主语应改为“They”较妥。

　厨房里少了一条鱼，主人发誓要一查到底，揪出偷鱼的贼。

　Finding a fish in kitchen was lost, the host swore to find out the thief who stole the fish

　尽管汉语中似乎有“厨房”“主人”两个主语，译者果断地选定了the host作主语。打点清晰，增强了句子的内聚力。

　夏威夷的沙滩上，椰影婆娑，海风习习，一妙龄女郎正躺在白色的塑料椅上养神。

　On the Hawaiian sandy beach, the coconut palms are whirling, the congenial sea breeze is blowing, and a young lady is lying in the white plastics chair resting to restore energy

　因为是轻松读本，又是描述性的文字，使用三个主语the coconut palms、the congenial sea breeze、a young lady仍是可取的。

提高英语翻译能力的技巧

　1加强自身基本素养

　所谓基本素养，是指翻译者必须具备的基本条件，亦即对翻译者的基本要求。除了应该具有高尚的“译德译风”和严肃认真、一丝不苟的科学态度之外，译者必须具备三方面的素养，即一定的英语水平、较高的汉语修养和丰富的学科专业知识。大量的翻译实践表明，这三方面的素养越高，越能顺利地完成翻译工作。关于英语水平，应注意打牢基础，扩大词汇量，广泛阅读，最好能听、说、读、写、译五方面训练同时并进，较之单攻翻译能更快提高英语水平。在汉语修养方面，应加强语法、逻辑、修辞等方面知识的研修，多阅读、多写作、多练习修改文章。在学科专业知识方面，要努力精通本职业务，多了解相关专业知识;经常阅览国内、外护理专业期刊，掌握学科发展动态。

　2在翻译实践中锤炼

　翻译是一项创造性的语言活动，具有很强的实践性。不通过大量的实践而要提高翻译能力，无异于想学游泳却又不下水一样。当然，实践也要讲究科学性。初学者若无行家里手的指点，最好是先找一些难度切合自己水平且有汉语译文的材料进行翻译练习。自己的译文写成后同人家的译文相对照。先看看自己在理解方面是否准确，其次看看自己的表达是否符合汉语的语言习惯，从中找到不足。随着水平的提高，可找些比较简单的本专业基础知识方面的文章进行翻译，以后逐步过渡到英文护理文献的翻译。坚持循序渐进多翻译多投稿，定会果实累累。在时间允许的情况下，最好能坚持每天都多少搞点翻译。随着时间的推移，一定会大有长进。

　3向他人学习并勇于创新

　初学翻译的同志一方面可多读些英汉对照类阅读材料或有汉语注释的英语读物;另一方面还可根据译文类杂志上提供的某篇译文的原文出处去查找到相应的原文，继而进行对照阅读。通过对比分析，可以找出自己的差距，学习和吸收他人在理解原文精神和翻译表达等方面的长处，促进翻译能力的提高。如果是自己选材进行翻译，当遇到问题难以解决时，要虚心向他人求教。另外经常阅读一些有关翻译技巧的书籍，也有助于翻译能力的提高。与此同时，还要有敢于创新的精神。在翻译过程中，既不能拘泥于别人提供的译文，也不能受囿于以往形成的条条框框。随着翻译能力的不断提高，可以根据翻译标准的要求去创造新的表现手法，进一步完善翻译工作。

英语翻译的简洁技巧

　1道路崎岖不平。

　赘译：The road is rough and bumpy

　2祝你圆满成功!

　赘译：I wish you complete success!

　3仓库全部塌下来。

　赘译：The warehouse completely collapsed

　4耳听为虚，眼见为实。

　赘译：Hearing is vague， seeing is believing

　以上例句中的汉语原文十分自然，英语翻译则显累赘。以句1为例，“崎岖不平”乃汉语互文见义表达，同时也是出于协调平仄效果的考虑，中国人觉得并无不妥。但在英语中，rough 与bumpy 却属于明显无意义重复，英美人并不认可。句2的情形也一样，success已经是指“圆满成功”，否则就不能说success句3中的 collapse指的就是“全部塌下”，如果仅是部分塌下，则不宜使用collapse至于例句4，“耳听为虚，眼见为实”也是属于互文见义的强调型修辞，译成英语只需取其一义即可。所以，上述例子的正确英译应该是：

　1The road is rough

　2I wish you success!

　3The warehouse collapsed

　4Seeing is believing

　不妨再来看几个类似句例：

　5他仍然还是个单身汉。

　原译：He still remains a bachelor

　改译：He remains a bachelor 或者：He is still a bachelor

　6必须坚决禁止赌博。

　原译：Gambling must be firmly banned

　改译：Gambling must be banned

　7他们向我挥手。

　原译：They waved their hands to me

　改译：They waved to me

　8她是一位著名女企业家。

　原译：She is a famous female businesswoman

　改译：She is a famous businesswoman

　当然，累赘型“中式英语”绝不仅限于以上类型，中国人的修辞风格、行文风格以及基于音义的对仗、排比等，也很容易导致累赘型英译。比如2006年“世界历史文化名城市长论坛南京宣言”中有这样一句话：

　9我们承诺：追求天人和谐，人际和谐，身心和谐，追求人人相亲，人人平等，天下为公，努力实现我们城市的和谐统一。

　这里所说的“天人和谐”“人际和谐”“ 身心和谐”“人人相亲”“人人平等”“天下为公”，无疑都体现中华文化的内涵。但是，如果将它们原样照搬地直译成英文恐怕就难免出现冗长和累赘。以“身心和谐”和“天下为公”为例，它们的英译分别是harmony between body and mind和the whole world as one community可在“世界历史文化名城市长论坛”的宣言中郑重其事地提出要追求基于阴阳五行之上的 "harmony between body and mind" 是不是恰当呢至于在列举了那么多的“和谐”追求，以及“人人相亲”“人人平等”的目标后，再另加一个汉字语境下声势夺人，英语语境下却平淡无奇的对“天下为公(the whole world as one community)”的追求，似乎也有点不伦不类。“南京宣言”的英语文本对这段话是这样翻译的：

　We are committed to achieving harmony between man and nature， in people-to-people relationahips， and in the development of urban societies We will work for fraternity， equality， and justice

　原文中“身心和谐”、“人人相亲”、“ 人人平等”、“天下为公”的“四字格”表述在译文中统统被融进了整句话的意境和精神中，不另译出。而这样做的结果是译文反而愈显蕴义明晰、简洁得体。既传达出原文的本质含义，又避免了照搬汉语行文风格而导致的英文表述拖泥带水，值得我们借鉴。

会议礼仪的注意事项英语

会议礼仪的注意事项英语，现在越来越走向国际化，英语成为了一种很重要的交流语言，因此也有很多人把会议礼仪有英文表达出来，下面就由我为大家解答一下会议礼仪的注意事项英语这问题吧，希望大家一起来了解一下吧！

会议礼仪的注意事项英语1

1、the right time to arrive

when invited to luncheon, dinner, or supper, it is very impolite to arrive late, as it is usually planned to have the meal at the exact hour given in the invitation

2、in arrival

when you arrive, the hostess or some member of the family will probably meet you at the door and take your coat and hat in the winter time you should dress more lightly than usually, as you may expect the rooms to be warmer than in most chinese homes

3、in a few minutes the hostess will ask her guests to come in to dinner she may or may not ask each gentleman to take a lady in if she does, the lady will take the gentlemans arm as they walk into the dinning room if she does not, the ladies will go in first, followed by the gentlemen the hostess will either point out their seats to the guests as they come in or have a place card at each place with the guests name on it

4、how long to stay

after the meal is over, it is not polite to leave for at least half an hour, lest you seem to have come only for the meal an evening dinner invitation usually implies that you stay for the whole evening the hostess often plans some after-dinner entertainment

5、what to say on leaving

when leaving any kind of a party, a guest always expresses his appreciation to the hostess some such words as these are appropriate thank you so much ive had a delight evening

会议礼仪的注意事项英语2

1、people judge you at first by what they see, so particular attention should be paid to your personal appearance

2、using a handkerchief

always carry a clean handkerchief do not use it while it is folded, and do not fold it after you use it

3、spitting

in the west it is considered very impolite to spit, even upon the street

4、smoking

smoking is very prevalent(普遍), both by men and by women if you are a guest in a home where no others are smoking, it is better to refrain(忍住、from smoking, you may say, would you mind if i smoked

商务礼仪—— with strangers and friends

1、lending and borrowing are more matters of principle in the west than in the east things borrowed in the west are definitely expected to be returned, whether it is fifty dollars or merely a friends pencil

2、dont be curious it is impolite to be curious about the private affairs of others, such as age, salary, religion and marriage

3、thanks for giftswhen some one gives you a present, it is very impolite to neglect thank him for it

4、one hand onlyin china we use two hands when giving something to a person, or when receiving it, if we want to be very polite in the west this would seem awkward and impolite

提踵正确动作如下：

用脚趾站在站姿提踵训练器上，脚后跟悬空，站距大概与肩同宽，肩膀放在垫板下面，先伸直双腿，将重量举起，向下尽可能低的放下脚后跟，直到感觉小腿肌肉已经得到最大程度的拉伸了为止。

在动作的最低点后，用脚趾向上撑起身体，一直撑到顶完全踮起脚尖了为止，再接着下放，如此反复。

提踵动作就是抬起后脚跟，它是瘦小腿的主要手段，另外在提踵运动后要做适当的拉筋运动才能起到瘦小腿的功效，其方法有站立、坐姿和骑人三种。各种提踵动作因站法不同，所锻炼的部位也有所差异。

站姿提踵注意事项

首先说重量，具体重量多少当然因人而异，但锻炼小腿所使用的重量应该足够重，可以测试一下自己能做多少的重量，如果一个重量在这组中绝大多数的反复都无法往上踮起，那就说明太重了。

组数一般3-5组就足够，每组个数的话看情况，如果你做低次数的那就8-12个，高次数15个以上甚至25个都是可以的。

　 First, fasting should not be physical exercise

　Long time fasting exercise, the body of energy consumed, minor activities detrimental to the body after eating the best amount of exergy Resting throughout the night, the muscles, joints and internal organs of the state of being quiet for a long time are active

　 Two, after dinner should not be immediately strenuous activities

　After dinner, a lot of human blood flow to the digestive system, such as the strenuous exercise blood will flow to the moving organs, to ensure the work of muscles The digestive system caused by insufficient blood supply, gastrointestinal peristalsis slows down influence the process of digestion and absorption of the normal, serious cause stomach pain, indigestion, ulcers and other diseases, generally in 05 hours after a meal and then activities more reasonable

　 Three, after strenuous exercise should not take a bath immediately

　Because exercise consumes a lot of energy, it takes about half an hour to take a bath after the body's system is restored to normal

　 Four, strenuous exercise should not drink

　Because a large amount of water into the blood will dilute the blood, increase blood volume, increase the burden of heart and kidney, while diluting the gastric juice, resulting in digestive function and loss of appetite After exercise, drinking a moderate amount of salt water, to supplement because of sweat away the salt, do not drink unboiled water, so a lot of bacteria into the body of infectious diseases The WHO has made such a definition of health "negative health" is not on the body "Or" weak "disease but refers to good state of physical, mental and social" Physical exercise can improve the physical development level, physiological function level, physical quality development level, basic activity ability level, psychological development level and the ability to adapt to the natural environment Hope that children and children cherish the spring of life, adhere to participate in physical exercise, and promote healthy and strong!

翻译：

　一、空腹时不宜进行体育锻炼。

　长时间清晨空腹进行锻炼，体内的能量大量消耗，对身体不利最好适量进食后开始轻微活动。使休息了一整夜，长时间处于安静状态的肌肉、关节及内脏器官积极活跃起来。

　二、饭后不宜立即进行剧烈活动。

　饭后，人体大量血液流向消化系统，此时如进行剧烈运动血液就会流向运动器官，以保证肌肉工作的需要。造成消化系统血液供应不足，胃肠蠕动减慢影响消化和吸收过程的正常进行，严重的会导致胃痛、消化不良、溃疡等疾病，一般在饭后05小时再进行活动比较合理。

　三、剧烈运动后不宜马上洗澡。

　因为运动消耗大量能量，必须等人体各系统机能恢复正常后大约半小时才去洗澡。

　四、剧烈运动后切忌暴饮。

　因大量水分进入血液会将血液稀释，使血量增加，加重心肾负担，同时稀释胃液，导致消化功能和食欲减退。运动后，饮适量的淡盐水，以补充因汗水带走的盐分，千万不要喝生水，以免大量病菌带入体内感染疾病。世界卫生组织曾对健康做了这样的'定义“健康”并不是对身体的病和弱的否定而是指身体上、精神上和社会上的良好状态的总称”。通过体育锻炼可以提高身体的形态发育水平生理机能水平，身体素质发展水平，基本活动能力水平，心理发展水平和适应自然环境的能力。希望儿童少年珍惜人生的春天，坚持参加体育锻炼，促使身体健康强壮！