莎士比亚的十四行诗的第十八首

Sonnet 18 This sonnet is by far one of the most interesting poems in the book Of Shakespeare's sonnets in the text, this is one of the most moving lyric poems that I have ever read There is great use of imagery within the sonnet This is not to say that the rest of the poems in the book were not good, but this to me was the best, most interesting, and most beautiful of them It is mainly due to the simplicity and loveliness of the poem praise of the beloved woman that it has guaranteed its place in my mind, and heartThe speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate" (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer lease hath too short a date" In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines" (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade" (Line 9), and never end or die In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see" (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion" The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations and eventually for al of eternity The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," (line 13) the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee"(Line 14) With this the speaker is able to accomplish what many have done in poetry and that is to give the gift of an eternal life to someone that they believe is special and outshines everyone else around them Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and more temperate", that the beloved is deserving to live on forever

Shakespeare - Sonnet 18 This sonnet is by far one of the most interesting poems in the book Of Shakespeare's sonnets in the text, this is one of the most moving lyric poems that I have ever read There is great use of imagery within the sonnet This is not to say that the rest of the poems in the book were not good, but this to me was the best, most interesting, and most beautiful of them It is mainly due to the simplicity and loveliness of the poem抯 praise of the beloved woman that it has guaranteed its place in my mind, and heartThe speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate" (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer抯 lease hath too short a date" In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines" (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade" (Line 9), and never end or die In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see" (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion" The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer抯 lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare抯 sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations and eventually for al of eternity The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," (line 13) the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee"(Line 14) With this the speaker is able to accomplish what many have done in poetry and that is to give the gift of an eternal life to someone that they believe is special and outshines everyone else around them Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and more temperate", that the beloved is deserving to live on forever

参考资料：

Sonnet 18 Essay

第一句运用了rhetorical question 设问

第三句darling buds, darling 意为亲爱的可爱的，含有情感色彩，用来形容buds花蕾用了personification 拟人

第四句lease原意租约租期，这里指life time 作用了metaphor 隐喻的手法

第五句第六句将太阳拟人化the eye of

his gold complexion(面色)也用了personification。

第七句第一个fair指具体的美的人或事物，第二个指抽象意义美本身，运用了pun一语双关，也用了alliteration头韵。

第九句the eternal summer 比喻永恒的不朽的青春，用了metaphor,同时eternal 永恒的这个词也用了夸张hyperbole 的修辞手法, 因为没有什么是永恒的。

第十和十一句运用了倒装inversion 的修辞手法，同时第十一句death brag(吹牛，自夸)也用了拟人personification 的修辞手法。

我找到的修辞就这几处，其他的还没怎么完全懂，应该还有矛盾，提喻等修辞手法的使用，希望后面的人可以补充一下。

能不能让我来把你比拟做夏日？你可是更加温和，更加可爱：狂风会吹落五月里开的好花儿，夏季的生命又未免结束得太快：有时候苍天的巨眼照得太灼热，他那金彩的脸色也会被遮暗；每一样美呀，总会离开美而凋落，被时机或者自然的代谢所摧残；但是你永久的夏天决不会凋枯，你永远不会失去你美的仪态；死神夸不着你在他的影子里踯躅，你将在不朽的诗中与时间同在；只要人类在呼吸，眼睛看得见，我这诗就活着，使你的生命绵延。