1、春节(农历一月一日) Spring Festival;Chinese New Year's Day
由来:
Primitive beliefs and sacrificial culture are important factors in the formation of New Year's Day
原始信仰和祭祀文化是春节形成的重要因素。
习俗:
such as Lunar New Year's dinner, keeping the age, New Year's money, temple fairs, flower lanterns and other customs
如团年饭、守岁、压岁钱、庙会、赏花灯等习俗。
2、元宵节(农历一月十五日) Lantern Festival(龙灯节直译)
由来:
The custom of burning lamps on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month is related to the spread of Buddhism to the east
正月十五燃灯的习俗与佛教东传有关。
习俗:
Lantern Festival mainly includes a series of traditional folk activities,
such as watching lanterns, eating dumplings, guessing lantern riddles and setting off fireworks
元宵节主要有赏花灯、吃汤圆、猜灯谜、放烟花等一系列传统民俗活动。
3、清明节(公历4月5日前后,农历二月后半月至三月上半月间) Tomb-Sweeping Day
由来:
The Qingming Festival originated from the Spring Festival and the Spring and Autumn Festival in ancient times
清明节源于上古时代的春祭,春秋二祭,古已有之。
习俗:
Tomb-sweeping, ancestor-sacrificing and outing are common basic etiquette and custom themes
扫墓祭祖、踏青郊游是共同基本礼俗主题。
4、端午节(农历五月初五) Dragon Boat Festival(龙舟节直译)
由来:
Dragon Boat Festival, with a long history, evolved from the dragon totem worship held in Baiyue in ancient times
端午节,历史悠久,由上古时代百越举行龙图腾祭祀演变而来。
习俗:
The Dragon Boat picking and rice dumplings are the two main themes of the Dragon Boat Festival
扒龙舟与食粽子是端午节的两大礼俗主题。
5、中秋节(农历八月十五) Mid-Autumn (Moon)Festival
由来:
The Mid-Autumn Festival originated from the worship of celestial phenomena,
and evolved from the worship of the moon on the autumn evening in ancient times
中秋节源自天象崇拜,由上古时代秋夕祭月演变而来。
习俗:
offering sacrifices to the moon, enjoying the moon, eating moon cakes,
playing with lanterns, appreciating osmanthus flowers and drinking osmanthus wine
中秋节自古便有祭月、赏月、吃月饼、玩花灯、赏桂花、饮桂花酒等民俗
6、重阳节(农历九月九日) Double-ninth Day(重九节直译)
由来:
The origin of Chongyang Festival can be traced back to ancient times In ancient times,
there were activities of harvest sacrifice and Mars sacrifice in autumn and autumn
重阳节的源头,可追溯到上古时代。古时季秋有丰收祭天、祭祀大火星活动。
习俗:
There are customs such as climbing high to pray for blessings, visiting chrysanthemums in autumn, wearing dogwood,
offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, and feasting for longevity
有登高祈福、秋游赏菊、佩插茱萸、祭神祭祖及饮宴求寿等习俗。
——中国传统节日
Chinese table etiquette boils down to the following points:
1 Admission etiquette Ask guests seated on the seats Please elderly guests in attendance were seated next to attendance at from the left side into the chair Admission Dongkuaizi not after What more do not come to beep Not to get up walk If what happened to the owner notice
Second, when the meal Ask guests Long the Dongkuaizi Jiacai, each less Far from the food on their own eat some Meal not a voice Heshang also not a sound use Kaitang I spoon a small drink and a small mouth Pawan front-lips not drink, soup, hot cool after Zaikai side not to drink while blowing Some people prefer to chew food to eat extraordinary feel like work is crisp chewing food, a very clear voices this is not etiquette demands extraordinary and everyone is eating together, as far as possible to prevent the emergence of this phenomenon
Third: Do not eat hiccup, other voices will not arise if there sneezing, Changming involuntarily, such as the sound, it is necessary to say "I am sorry"; I am sorry; "Of the original cooler" Within the words to show regret
Fourth if guests or elders give cloth dish Best use of chopsticks may also be the guests or elders far away from the dishes to their front, according to the habit of the Chinese nation Dish is a one of the Top If the same tables leadership, the elderly, the guests said Whenever of a new dish, let them first Dongkuaizi rotation or invite them to the first Dongkuaizi to show their importance
Fifth: eat the head, fishbone, bones and other objects, not Wangwaimian vomit, not onto the ground still Slowly to get their hands Diezili, or close on their own or on Canzhuobian prepared beforehand good on paper
Sixth: To a timely manner about the time and people just a few humorous, to reconcile the atmosphere Guangzhaotou not eat, regardless of others, and do not devour and destroy the lavish meal, not jail sentence
7: It is best not to the dinner table Tiya if it is to Tiya, will use napkins or sign blocked their mouths
8: To clear the main tasks of the meal Must be clear to do business oriented Feelings or to the main contact Mainly or to eat If it is the former, when attention should be paid to the seating arrangements Their main negotiators the seats near each other to facilitate conversations, or dredge emotion If it is the after need only pay attention to common-sense courtesy on the line, to focus on the appreciation of dishes,
9: The last time left Must be expressed gratitude to the host At the invitation of the owner or to their own homes after the house to show back
China is the etiquette of helping people, Minsishiweitian, dining How can no rules! While stressing that no attention is three meals a day, but do not know know better than OK!
1 Inviting guests to notice, Ruxi 6:00, 5:50才叫your elderly guests, it does not 2 Hosts who looked to be late; guests should be 5-10 minutes late, and this is very considerate guests Oh, and pay attention to grasp, natural host and the guest are Huan 3 If sit round a table, facing the door of the main blocks, or back walls, counters; emphasize some hotels will be used napkins distinction, the highest position napkins can not casually sit Oh, unless you intend to good banquet woven: D
4 Masters of the subject and object of the right hand side, the left hand side of the important guests; gate facing the master, of course, is run errands entertain the Peiqia sit you 5 Guests do not directly to the members of a la carte and calling guidance, obediently waiting for the hosts who looked to be a la carte if guests really serious taboos or hobbies, and should be gently told the hosts who looked, the owner of natural putting his interests and meet guests little or significantly requirements 6 Hosts who looked not need points or less grasping points, or holding food dishes, such as crab, lobster legs, ribs, and so on For a meal to the three dishes such a rule no What can be said etiquette! 7 Not a small amount of force will not object to others drink wine without fragmentation feast! 8 On the wine servings! Foreigner likes to boast of skill, people may boast their own point-for the food, hosts who looked at carefully observed Liangcai Qi, every Cup have drinks later, when immediately drank to welcome the start Like, rotating disk or right hand side indicate the subject and object moving first chopsticks Tuirang subject and object should not be too long, oh, we stomachs are hungry, it will eat you open! Do not forget to eat the praise of some oh 9 After one of every dish, although the waiter and owner will still go before the subject and object, but not too rigidly stick with you, if just in front of me, dead people rotating disc, I would first folder a small taste of chopsticks ! 10 Hosts who looked often to the disk will cater to the vast majority of guests; Peiqia then added services to entertain; guests can not touch the hands of disk integrity and eat meals, the two sides are also Huan you 11 If there is no attendant at the food or chopsticks, Gongbiao, Jiacai the first time can be good, must not use their own chopsticks to pick in the session to pick, and even stirring! Not everyone is like love, like you do not mind the saliva chopsticks! Usually identified from their recent selection part 12 Let chopsticks on the best food in their transition to a dish in only into the mouth Phase seem to be eating is not so urgent 13 When chewing food in the mouth, remember Bijin lips is a major event, so to speak, falling objects, Shishui spills, as well as to avoid a "Puma Puma Ji Ji" annoyance beep 14 During the meal, or both before and after the meal, should be back straight, as far as possible but not later chairs sit During the meal, basically in the hands above the desktop 15 The master of a very good appetite, and weight loss are guests, not the Fanju oh
中国餐桌上的礼仪归结为以下几点:
一.入座的礼仪.先请客人入座上席.在请长者入座客人旁依次入座,入座时要从椅子左边进入.入座后不要动筷子.更不要弄出什么响声来.也不要起身走动.假如有什么事要向主人打招呼.
第二,进餐时先请客人长着动筷子夹菜时每次少一些离自己远的菜就少吃一些吃饭时不要出声音喝汤时也不要出声响,喝汤用汤匙一小口一小口地喝不宜把碗端到嘴边喝,汤太热时凉了以后再喝不要一边吹一边喝有的人吃饭喜欢用咀嚼食物非凡是使劲咀嚼脆食物,发出很清楚的声音来这种做法是不合礼仪要求的非凡是和众人一起进餐时,就要尽量防止出现这种现象
第三:进餐时不要打嗝,也不要出现其他声音,假如出现打喷嚏,肠鸣等不由自主的声响时,就要说一声"真不好意思";对不起;"请原凉"之内的话以示歉意
第四;假如要给客人或长辈布菜最好用公筷也可以把离客人或长辈远的菜肴送到他们跟前,按我们中华民族的习惯菜是一个一个往上端的假如同桌有领导,老人,客人的话每当上来一个新菜时就请他们先动筷子或着轮流请他们先动筷子以表示对他们的重视
第五:吃到鱼头,鱼刺,骨头等物时,不要往外面吐,也不要往地上仍要慢慢用手拿到自己的碟子里,或放在紧靠自己餐桌边或放在事先预备好的纸上
第六:要适时地抽空和左右的人聊几句风趣的话,以调和气氛不要光着头吃饭,不管别人,也不要狼吞虎咽地大吃一顿,更不要贪杯
第七:最好不要在餐桌上剔牙假如要剔牙时,就要用餐巾或手挡住自己的嘴巴
第八:要明确此次进餐的主要任务要明确以谈生意为主还是以联络感情为主或是以吃饭为主假如是前着,在安排座位时就要注重把主要谈判人的座位相互靠近便于交谈或疏通情感假如是后着只需要注重一下常识性的礼节就行了,把重点放在欣赏菜肴上,
第九:最后离席时必须向主人表示感谢或者就此时邀请主人以后到自己家做客,以示回
中国人乃礼仪之帮,民以食为天,用餐岂能没有规矩!虽然说讲不讲究都是一日三餐,但是知道总比不知道好吧!
1。请客要早通知,6:00入席,老人家你5:50才叫客人来,不对吧。2。主人家不能迟到;客人应当迟到5-10分钟,这是非常体贴的客人哦,注重把握,自然宾主皆欢。3。要是坐圆桌子,对着大门的是主座,或是背墙、柜台的;讲究些的饭店,会用餐巾予以区分,餐巾最高大的位置不能随便坐哦,除非你打算好请客喽:D
4。主人右手边的是主客,左手边的是次重要的客人;门边面对主人的,自然是跑腿招呼的陪客坐的啦。5。做客人的不能直接向点菜员吆喝指点,应该乖乖坐等主人家点菜;假如客人确实有严重的忌口或爱好,应当轻轻告诉主人家,主人自然要替他做主,满足客人小小或大大的要求。6。主人家,不点或少点需要用手抓或握着吃的菜,比如蟹、龙虾腿、排骨等等。一顿饭来上三个这样的菜就没治了。还有什么礼仪可讲!7。不勉强也不反对别人少量饮酒,无酒不成宴嘛!8。上酒水上菜了!老外喜欢自夸手艺,国人可不作兴吹嘘自己点的菜,主人家细心观察凉菜上齐、每位杯中都有酒水后,当立即举杯,欢迎开始。。。之类的,转动圆盘或是示意右手边的主客动第一筷。主客可别推让太久哦,大家肚子都饿了,就等你开吃了!吃了的别忘了赞美一下哦。9。之后的每道菜一上来,虽然服务员与主人还是会转到主客面前,但并不用太拘泥啦,假如正好在我面前,又没人转动圆盘,我也会先夹一小筷子尝尝的!10。主人家要经常转圆盘,照顾到绝大部分客人;陪客则补充招呼服务一下;客人的手能不碰圆盘而吃完整餐,则宾主又皆欢啦。11。假如没有服务员分菜或是公筷、公勺,夹菜的时候可要先看好,切不可用自己的筷子在盘中挑来拣去,甚至搅拌!不是每个人都像爱人一样不介意你筷子上的口水的!通常看准了拣距离自己最近的那部分。12。最好让筷子上的食物在自己的接碟中过渡一下,才送入口中。可以使吃相看起来不是那么急切。13。食物在口中咀嚼时,切记的大事就是闭紧双唇,以免说话、物体掉落、汁水外溢,以及免得发出"骠叽骠叽"的倒胃口声响。14。无论是用餐期间或用餐前后,都应当背部挺直,尽量往后坐椅子而不。用餐期间,基本上双手都在桌面以上。15。一个太好胃口的主人,和正在减肥的客人,不适宜这样的饭局哦。
注:此资料非原创,采用于http://zhidaobaiducom/question/327770402htmlfr=qrl&cid=197&index=2[我爱流雨飞轩]的回答,希望采纳
爱国是一个人对自己祖国的一种诚挚的热爱和深厚的情感,是一个人最原始的感情之一。但作为一个涉世不深的我,一直认为爱国是高不可攀也是比较渺茫的事。最近,我读了《民族英雄郑成功》一书,对爱国之情有了深刻的感悟。
千百年来,中华民族之所以能在波诡云谲的时代浪潮中扬帆前进,经历历史沧桑而立于世界民族之林,就是因为有这么一种坚如磐石的爱国主义情感和信念作为民族思想支柱,正是它成为祖国发展腾飞的不竭动力。在历史长河中,涌现出了许许多多可歌可泣的爱国英豪,有虎门硝烟的爱国将领林则徐;有舍身炸碉堡的解放军战士董存瑞;有征服体育界一举夺得六枚金牌被誉为“体操王子”的李宁;有“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平,他们都是最可爱的人,是我们学习的榜样。我们应该为拥有这样的先辈而感到光荣、自豪和骄傲。但我们不能安于现状,而是要不断的发扬爱岗敬业的优良传统,励精图治,与时俱进,在充满机遇和挑战的企业大环境里,铸造出与企业共有的一片辉煌。
爱国的体现来自于必胜的决心和恒心。当年郑成功就破釜沉舟,昭告百姓:“如果不收复台湾,就不回来见父老乡亲。”在攻打台湾城的过程中,他遇到了不少困难,但他凭着那种永不放弃、永不退缩的信念,把它一一都克服了。
爱国的行动来自于情感的无私和无畏。为了“反清复明”郑成功不惜“杀父报国”。为了早日把荷兰军队赶出台湾,他顾全大局毅然离开了妻子和儿子。为了让台湾回到祖国的怀抱,他大公无私,拒收荷军总督的贿赂,与荷军斗争到底。
虽然如今的社会是一个和平的社会。但是爱国的情感仍然可以在平时我们每个人的身上体现,也可以通过每件事当中体现。我们要从小树立一个爱国的思想,努力学习,掌握本领。自信自强,无私无畏。只有这样,长大了才能为祖国的繁荣富强,贡献出自己的力量!
所谓“爱国”,顾名思义,就是热爱自己的国家。中华五千年的历史中,确实有很多的爱国志士,就说一代名将岳飞吧!从小就在背上刺了“精忠报国”的字样,为了宋朝的大好河山立了不少的汗马功劳。又说中国的开国功臣周恩来总理,从读书时就立下誓言“为中华之崛起而读书”。爱国志士多各朝各代的奸臣、奸雄也不少。像与岳飞同时期的奸臣秦桧,祸国殃民,还害死了岳飞,遭后人唾骂,遗臭万年。还有一代奸雄的国民党首领蒋介石,不帮助一致对付小日本,反而与自家人窝里反。被打败后夹着尾巴逃到台湾,导致了现在的中国无法使领土完整。
“人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青”这句话是南宋时期的民主英雄和爱国诗人文天祥说的。北宋政治家范仲淹也说过:“先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”。可现代人都不屑什么爱国不爱国的,都本着“事不关己,己不为人”的错误观念,认为只要认真赚钱,只要有钱了,自己就能过上好日子了。却不知,如果国家不安定,天天与别国械斗,今天被别国的原子弹打掉了大片地区,明天又要用氢弹去打别国,然后后天又被打……这样反反复复地打来打去,个人能有安宁吗?
我曾在一篇文章上看到过这样一个故事:在一条人来人往的大街上,有一团纸屑就沃在了那垃圾桶旁边,过往的人群们纷纷从它身上跨过,……就这样,它在那里呆了好久好久,直到有一个乡下的少年来到了这条街,看到了着团纸,第一眼就把它捡了起来……那只是一个简单而又朴实的一个动作,却饱含了深刻无比的爱国之情,难道我们这些所谓的现代人就不如一个乡下少年吗???
都说国家、国家没有国何来家,没有爱国又何来爱家,让我们行动起来吧,不是要我们去做什么舍生取义、为国捐躯的爱国烈士。让我们从身边的小事做起,为我们的祖国更加繁荣昌盛,成为世界大国做出一点点的贡献吧!我们有权利,更有这个义务去做这件事,相信祖国的明天会更好,也相信自己一定能做到,加油吧!
中国的象征
The symbol of China
1,龙。龙已渗透了中国社会的各个方面,成为一种文化的凝聚和积淀。龙成了中国的象征、中华民族的象征、中国文化的象征。对每一个炎黄子孙来说,龙的形象是一种符号、一种意绪、一种血肉相联的情感!。“龙的子孙”、“龙的传人”这些称谓,常令我们激动、奋发、自豪。龙的文化除了在中华大地上传播承继外,还被远渡海外的华人带到了世界各地,在世界各国的华人居住区或中国城内,最多和最引人注目的饰物仍然是龙。因而,“龙的传人”、“龙的国度”也获得了世界的认同。
1, dragon The dragon has infiltrated all aspects of Chinese society, and become a kind of cultural cohesion and accumulation The dragon has become the symbol of China, the symbol of the Chinese nation, the symbol of Chinese culture For every one of all the children of the Yellow Emperor, the image of the dragon is a symbol, a mood, an intimate feeling! "Descendants of the dragon", "descendants of the dragon" name, often made us excited, energetic and proud Dragon Culture in addition to the spread of the inheritance in the land of China, was also traveled overseas Chinese to the world, in the world of Chinese or Chinese residential area in the city, the most and the most eye-catching decorations is still long Therefore, the "dragon", "dragon country" has also been recognized by the world
2,汉字。汉字是最具中国特色的文化之一,悠久的历史源远流长,其内涵丰富,简练精悍,由此更演化出更具特色的书法艺术,诗词歌赋等等更加能说明的是现在已经基本为国民所使用而且不会被淘汰,会永远为中国人民传承,记录中国人民的历史汉字的使用是中国的伟大创举,也是中国特有的文化,由此演变出无限的中国国粹艺术所以最能代表当今中国文化的符号就应该是汉字
2, Chinese characters Characters are the most characteristic of Chinese culture, has a long history, its connotation is rich, lean and concise, and therefore more evolved more characteristics of the art of calligraphy, poetry, etc More that is already basic now for the national use and will not be eliminated and will forever for the inheritance of Chinese people, recording the history of the Chinese people The use of Chinese characters is a great pioneering work in the China, China is a unique culture, which evolved out of infinite art of the quintessence of Chinese culture So the best symbol of contemporary Chinese culture should be Chinese characters
3,春节。春节,是农历正月初一,又叫阴历年,俗称“过年”。这是我国民间最隆重、最热闹的一个传统节日。春节的历史很悠久,它起源于殷商时期年头岁尾的祭神祭祖活动。按照我国农历,正月初一古称元日、元辰、元正、元朔、元旦等,俗称年初一,到了民国时期,改用公历,公历的一月一日称为元旦,把农历的一月一日叫春节。春节是个欢乐祥和的节日,也是亲人团聚的日子,离家在外的孩子在过春节时都要回家欢聚 。
3, spring festival The Spring Festival is the 1th day of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar, also known as the lunar new year, known as "new year" This is the most grand, the most popular traditional festival in our country The long history of the Spring Festival, which originated in the Shang period of the first activities of the ritual worship According to the Chinese lunar calendar, the Lunar New Year's Day ancient Mongol, firstar, element, Yuan Shuo, new year's day, commonly known as the Lunar New Year's day, to the Republic of China, to switch to the Gregorian calendar, the Gregorian calendar January a day known as new year's day, the lunar January 1, called the Spring Festival Spring Festival is a festival of joy and harmony, but also a reunion day home in children in the Spring Festival are gathered home
4,孔子。孔子是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家、儒家学派创始人。相传有弟子三千,贤弟子七十二人,孔子曾带领弟子周游列国14年。孔子还是一位古文献整理家,曾修《诗》、《书》,定《礼》、《乐》,序《周易》,作《春秋》。孔子的思想及学说对后世产生了极其深远的影响。孔子支持旨在提高人民生活、减轻人民负担的经济改革,他所提出的一系列经济观点如:使民足食,富而后教,薄敛厚施,节用爱人等等,都超出了他的前辈,在客观上反映了民众的某些要求,其经济思想的主要方面对历代经济改革家和思想家的经济政策的制定,以及世人经济观念的形成具有深远的影响。
4, Confucius Confucius is a famous thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in ancient China Legend has three thousand disciples, seventy-two disciples, Confucius led his disciples to travel around the world for 14 years Confucius or an ancient literature finishing, has revised the "poem", "book", "ritual", "music" sequence "book of changes", "spring and Autumn" Confucius's thought and theory had a far-reaching influence on the later generations Confucius support is designed to improve the people's lives, reduce the burden on the people of the economic reform, he proposed a series of economic ideas such as: so that people have enough to eat, rich and then teach, thin Lianhou, thrift lover and so on, are beyond the scope of the his predecessors, objectively reflect the certain requirements of the people, the economic thought of the main aspects of ancient economic reformer and thinker of economic policy formulation, and the world economy idea formation has the profound influence
5,长城。长城始建于春秋战国时期,历时达2000多年,总长度达5千万米以上。我们今天所指的万里长城多指明代修建的长城,它西起中国西部甘肃省的嘉峪关,东到中国东北辽宁省的鸭绿江边,长635万米。它象一条矫健的巨龙,越群山,经绝壁,穿草原,跨沙漠,起伏在崇山峻岭之巅,黄河彼岸和渤海之滨。古今中外,凡到过长城的人无不惊叹它的磅礴气势、宏伟规模和艰巨工程。长城是一座稀世珍宝,也是艺术非凡的文物古迹,它象征着中华民族坚不可摧永存于世的意志和力量,是中华民族的骄傲,也是整个人类的骄傲。
5, the Great Wall The Great Wall was built in the spring and Autumn period, which lasted for more than 2000 years, with a total length of more than 50 million meters Today, we referred to the great wall means more than the Great Wall built in Ming Dynasty, it is west of Jiayuguan in Gansu Province in Western China, east to Northeast China's Liaoning Province of the Yalu River, 635 million meters It is like a robust Ultrasaurus, the mountains, the cliffs, through grassland, cross the desert In the top of the mountains, the other side of the Yellow River and the Bohai Sea coast of ups and downs At all times and in all countries, where all who have been to the Great Wall at its majestic, grand scale and arduous work The Great Wall is a rare treasure, but also the extraordinary artistic heritage, it symbolizes the Chinese nation indestructible forever in the will and strength of the world, is the pride of the Chinese nation, but also the pride of the whole human race
6,武术。武术是中国古老传统的一项民族传统体育项目,是我国学校体育的一个重要组成部分,在教学中起着重要的位置。武术从一个赤裸裸的狩猎、战争发展到一个具有多元功能的以内外兼修、术道并重、具有丰富中国传统文化内涵的中国传统体育项目。一个事物存在自然有它存在的道理,中国武术也不例外,它具有许多长处和丰富的文化内涵,同时具有鲜明的价值。武术的价值, 就是凝结在武术发展运动中的精神和物质对我们社会所产生的积极影响和作用的总和, 它是武术存在、发展、进步的标志。中国武术植根于中国传统文化之沃土,蕴涵中国哲理之奥妙,由此又形成了内涵很广、层次纷杂的庞大理论体系,同时也就蕴涵了哲学、文化、医学、养生、军事、美学及体育等要素。
6, martial arts Martial arts is an ancient traditional sport in China, which is an important part of school physical education and plays an important role in teaching Martial arts from a naked hunting and war to the development of the one with multiple functions inside and outside minores, operation way, both has the rich connotation of Chinese traditional culture of Chinese traditional sports A thing exists naturally has its existence reason, the Chinese martial arts is no exception, it has many merits and rich cultural connotation, and has the distinct value The value of Wushu, which is the sum of the positive influence and function of the spirit and material on the development of Wushu, is the symbol of the existence, development and progress of Wushu Chinese martial arts is rooted in the fertile soil of Chinese traditional culture, the intricacies of implication of Chinese philosophy, thus formed the connotation is very wide, level confused huge theory system, also contain the factors of philosophy, culture, medical, health, military, aesthetics and sports
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