态度的abc三个成分之间不协调

态度的ABC三个成分之间不协调，可能会对个人产生一些影响和困扰。以下是可能的情况和相应的建议：

1 认知失调：如果一个人对某个事物的态度是基于错误的认知或者过时的信息，这可能导致他的态度与现实不一致，从而产生认知失调。建议是更新自己的信息，了解现实情况，并重新评估自己的态度是否需要调整。

2 情感冲突：如果一个人对某个事物的情感反应与他的理性认知不协调，这可能导致情感冲突。例如，一个人可能对某个事物有着强烈的情感反应，但他的理性认知告诉他这种情感是不合理的。建议是尝试理性地分析自己的情感反应，并找到适当的平衡点。

3 行为不一致：如果一个人对某个事物的态度与他的行为不一致，这可能导致行为不一致的困扰。例如，一个人可能认为某个行为是不道德的，但他的行为却表明他是支持这种行为的。建议是反思自己的行为和态度，并寻找原因和解决方法来使自己的行为与态度保持一致。

总之，态度的ABC三个成分之间不协调可能会导致个人在认知、情感和行为方面产生困扰。最好的方法是尝试理解这些成分之间的关系，并寻找合适的方法来解决不协调的问题。

affect

affect 1

AHD:[…-fμkt“]

DJ[6fekt]

KK[6fWkt]

vtr（及物动词）

affected， affecting， affects

(1)

To have an influence on or effect a change in:

影响：影响或使发生变化：

Inflation affects the buying power of the dollar

通货膨胀影响美元的购买能力

(2)

To act on the emotions of; touch or move

打动：作用于…的感情；打动或感动

(3)

To attack or infect, as a disease:

侵袭：疾病侵害或感染：

Rheumatic fever can affect the heart

风湿热能感染心脏

n（名词）

AHD:[2f“μkt”]

(1)

Psychology

心理学

(2)

A feeling or emotion as distinguished from cognition, thought, or action

感情：有别于认识，思想或行为的感情或情感

(3)

A strong feeling having active consequences

强烈的感情：具有积极后果的强烈的感情

(4)

Obsolete A disposition, feeling, or tendency

废语 性格，感情，倾向

语源

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(1)

Latin afficere affect-

拉丁语 afficere affect-

(2)

ad- [ad-]

ad- [前缀，表“朝向”]

(3)

facere [to do] see dh-

facere [做] 参见 dh-

参考词汇

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(1)

affect， influence， impress， touch， move， strike

(2)

These verbs are compared as they mean to produce a mental or emotional effect To

这些动词可以相互比较，因为他们都表示产生心理或情感上的影响。对于

(3)

affect [x] is to act upon a person's emotions:

affect ， 是指作用于人的感情：

The adverse criticism the book received didn't affect the author one way or another

对这本书的敌对性评论丝毫没有影响该作家。

(4)

Influence implies a degree of control or sway over the thinking and actions, as well as the emotions, of another:

influence 暗含对他人感情，思想以及行为的控制及左右的程度：

“Humanity is profoundly influenced by what you do” (John Paul II) To

你的所做所为深刻地影响人类 （约翰·保罗二世）。对于

(5)

impress [x] is to produce a marked, deep, often enduring effect:

impress ， 其是指产生一种显著的，深刻的，通常是持久的效果：

“The Tibetan landscape particularly impressed him” (Doris Kerns Quinn)

西藏的风光给他留下了非同寻常的印象 （多丽丝·克恩斯·奎因）。

(6)

Touch usually means to arouse a tender response, such as love, gratitude, or compassion:

Touch 通常指激起一种温柔的反应，例如爱，感激或激情：

“The tributes [to the two deceased musicians] were fitting and touching” (Daniel Cariaga)

“颂辞 恰如其分，感人至深” （丹尼尔·卡里亚哥）。

(7)

Move suggests profound emotional effect that sometimes leads to action or has a further consequence:

Move 暗指深刻的情感效果，有时导致行动或具有进一步后果：

The account of her experiences as a refugee moved us to tears

她的难民经历的描述感动得我们热泪盈眶。

(8)

Strike implies keenness or force of mental response to a stimulus:

Strike 暗含对刺激反应的强烈感情或心理力量：

I was struck by the sudden change in his behavior

我对他行为的突变而感到震惊

用法

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(1)

Affect 1 and effect have no senses in common As a verb affect 1 is most commonly used in the sense of “to influence” (

Affect 1 和 effect 没有共同之处。 作为动词affect 1 常用于表示“影响”（

how smoking affects health) Effect

吸烟如何影响健康）。 Effect

(2)

means “to bring about or execute”:

指“使发生或完成”：

layoffs designed to effect savings

旨在完成存款的歇业。

(3)

Thus the sentence These measures may affect savings could imply that the measures may reduce savings that have already been realized, whereas These measures may effect savings implies that the measures will cause new savings to come about

因而句子这些措施可能影响存款 暗含这些措施可能减少本以已实现的存款，而这些措施可能完成存款 则暗含这些措施将导致新的存款的产生

基本词义

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affect

affect 2

AHD:[…-fμkt“]

DJ[6fekt]

KK[6fWkt]

vtr（及物动词）

affected， affecting， affects

(1)

To put on a false show of; simulate:

假装：装出…的一副假象；冒充：

affected a British accentSee Synonyms at pretend

假装英国口音参见 pretend

(2)

To have or show a liking for:

喜欢：具有或表示…的喜好：

affects dramatic clothes

喜欢穿戏剧服装

(3)

Archaic To fancy; love

古语 喜欢；爱

(4)

To tend to by nature; tend to assume:

趋向：本质上倾向于；倾向于具有：

a substance that affects crystalline form

呈晶体状的物质

(5)

To imitate; copy:

模仿；仿制：

“Spenser, in affecting the ancients, writ no language”(Ben Jonson)

“斯宾塞，模仿古人不用语言写作”(本·琼森)

语源

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(1)

Middle English affecten

中古英语 affecten

(2)

from Latin affect3e [to strive after]

源自 拉丁语 affect3e [力求]

(3)

frequentative of afficere affect- [to affect, influence] see affect 1

afficere的重复 affect- [影响] 参见 affect1

继承用法

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affect“er

n（名词）

现代英汉词典

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affect 1

[E5fekt]

vt

(1)

影响

Smoking affects health

吸烟影响健康。

(2)

（使）感动

deeply affected by the news

深深被这消息所感动

(3)

使感染

基本词义

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affect 2

[E5fekt]

vt

装作；假装

affect illness

装病

She showed an affected interest in our subject

她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。

现代英汉综合大辞典

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affect

[E5fekt]

vt

(1)

影响, 对起作用[反应]; 使感光; 改变; 损[伤]害

(2)

感动

(3)

患(病), 中(暑)

be affected by heat [cold]

中暑[着凉]

He was deeply affected by my words

他听了我的话很受感动。

词性变化

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affect

[E5fekt]

n

[5Afekt]

(1)

心理情感, 感情

(2)

数偏差

参考词汇

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affect effect influence

作为动词, 都含“影响”的意思。

(1)

affect 指“产生的影响之大足以引起反应”,着重“影响”的动作, 有时含有“对产生不利影响”的意思, 如:

This article will affect my thinking

这篇文章将会影响我的思想。

(2)

effect 指“实现”、“达成”,着重“造成”一种特殊的效果, 如:

This book effected a change in my opinion

这本书使我的看法起了变化。

(3)

influence 指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响”, 如:

Influenced by a high-school biology teacher, he took up the study of medicine

在一位中学生物教师的影响下, 他从事医学研究。

discourage hinder

用法词典

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affect

fect来自拉丁词根fact做，制造，affect由a-+facere构成，使他物发生变化

参考词汇

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(1)

affect,influence,touch,impress,sway,move这组动词的一般含义为使人或能作出反应的物产生或受到影响。

(2)

affect 的宾语是物时，它包含着足以引起反应的刺激，有时包含一定的改变。

The slight change of weather can affect her delicate health

天气稍有变化就会影响她那脆弱而娇嫩的身体。

(3)

当affect的宾语是人时，它表示引起心智上或感情上的影响，即感动

He was in no way affected by their misery

他们的惨状一点也没打动他的心。

We are lucky in that only the lower fields, which make up a very small proportion of our farm, are affected by flooding，

…我们的运气好，因为只有占我们农场极少部分的较低的田地受到洪水的影响。

(4)

influence 所表示的影响包含着“力量”，比如“他是个有影响的人物”。有时它包含着“诱使”的意思。

They, having first persuaded themselves, contrive to influence their neighbours

他们首先自己信服了之后，便设法诱使邻居

No one can avoid being influenced by advertisments

谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。

In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been neglected

在工业生活的组织中，工厂对工人的生理和心理状态上的影响完全被忽视了。

(5)

touch 所表示的“感动”有些象汉语的“感触”，它总含有密切接触的意思。此外，touch在表示使人或物受到影响或感动时，总有如下的内涵：激发、搅起、伤害等等。

I do not wish to do anything which may touch your credit

我不想做任何会影响你的荣誉的事情。

Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility

…如果父母意识到孩子通常多么相信父母的品格和父母的绝对正确，他们会大大震惊和深深被感动的……

(6)

impress 通常用于表示深受“感动”，而且把所看到的东西，铭记在心。

but I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds

……但是我掩盖不了这一事实，那些钻石之大给我留下了深刻的印象。

(7)

sway 的原义同上

英文相关词典

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affect

influence move persuade sway

[七国语言]英汉公共大词典

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affect

给影响;感动

[七国语言]英汉医学大词典

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affect

情感, 激情

美国传统词典

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affect

affect 1

AHD:[…-fμkt“]

DJ[6fekt]

KK[6fWkt]

vtr

affected, affecting, affects

(1)

To have an influence on or effect a change in:

Inflation affects the buying power of the dollar

(2)

To act on the emotions of; touch or move

(3)

To attack or infect, as a disease:

Rheumatic fever can affect the heart

n

AHD:[2f“μkt”]

(1)

Psychology

(2)

A feeling or emotion as distinguished from cognition, thought, or action

(3)

A strong feeling having active consequences

(4)

Obsolete A disposition, feeling, or tendency

语源

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(1)

Latin afficere affect-

(2)

ad- [ad-]

(3)

facere [to do] see dh-

参考词汇

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(1)

affect, influence, impress, touch, move, strike

(2)

These verbs are compared as they mean to produce a mental or emotional effect To

(3)

affect [x] is to act upon a person's emotions:

The adverse criticism the book received didn't affect the author one way or another

(4)

Influence implies a degree of control or sway over the thinking and actions, as well as the emotions, of another:

“Humanity is profoundly influenced by what you do” (John Paul II) To

(5)

impress [x] is to produce a marked, deep, often enduring effect:

“The Tibetan landscape particularly impressed him” (Doris Kerns Quinn)

(6)

Touch usually means to arouse a tender response, such as love, gratitude, or compassion:

“The tributes [to the two deceased musicians] were fitting and touching” (Daniel Cariaga)

(7)

Move suggests profound emotional effect that sometimes leads to action or has a further consequence:

The account of her experiences as a refugee moved us to tears

(8)

Strike implies keenness or force of mental response to a stimulus:

I was struck by the sudden change in his behavior

用法

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(1)

Affect 1 and effect have no senses in common As a verb affect 1 is most commonly used in the sense of “to influence” (

how smoking affects health) Effect

(2)

means “to bring about or execute”:

layoffs designed to effect savings

(3)

Thus the sentence These measures may affect savings could imply that the measures may reduce savings that have already been realized, whereas These measures may effect savings implies that the measures will cause new savings to come about

基本词义

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

affect

affect 2

AHD:[…-fμkt“]

DJ[6fekt]

KK[6fWkt]

vtr

affected, affecting, affects

(1)

To put on a false show of; simulate:

affected a British accentSee Synonyms at pretend

(2)

To have or show a liking for:

affects dramatic clothes

(3)

Archaic To fancy; love

(4)

To tend to by nature; tend to assume:

a substance that affects crystalline form

(5)

To imitate; copy:

“Spenser, in affecting the ancients, writ no language”(Ben Jonson)

语源

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(1)

Middle English affecten

(2)

from Latin affect3e [to strive after]

(3)

frequentative of afficere affect- [to affect, influence] see affect 1

继承用法

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affect“er

n

英汉船舶大词典

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affect

n影响

英汉电信大词典

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affect

n影响

英汉地质大词典

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affect

n偏差,影响

英汉法学大词典

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affect

v影响

英汉纺织大词典

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affect

n偏差

英汉航空大词典

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affect

n影响;n影响,作用

英汉化学大词典

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affect

n影响,偏差,感染;vt影响,感动,假装,喜爱

英汉海运大词典

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affect

影响感染

英汉经贸大词典

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affect

vt影响,感动,假装,喜爱;n偏差

英汉计算机大词典

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affect

vt影响(感动,假装;n偏差

英汉机械大词典

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affect

n影响,起作用

英汉建筑大词典

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affect

vt影响,起作用,感动

英汉农牧林大词典

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affect

n偏差,影响

英汉水利大词典

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affect

n影响,对起作用,感光

英汉心理学大词典

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affect

�fantasy情感性幻想

基本词义

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affect

�hunger情感性饥饿

基本词义

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affect

情感

英汉冶金大词典

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affect

n作用,损伤

英汉医学大词典

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affect

n情感

英汉中医大词典

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affect

n侵袭,影响

英汉造纸大词典

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affect

n影响,起作用,改变

一、教学分析:

1 位置和内容:这是初中的一个较重要也有难度的知识点，作为动词中的一类，以及虚拟语气中必定会用到的情态动词。如何使用情态动词can(could) ,must,have to, may(might)，shall（should）,will,dare,need,aught to等是本次课程的重点内容。教学内容是介绍情态动词的定义、特点、以及最重要的用法；最后加以练习进行巩固。2．教学重点: 学会运用情态动词can(could), must,have to, may(might),shall（should）,will(would),dare,need,aught to等的用法以及各个相近情态动词间的区分。3．教学难点: 各个情态动词的用法区分。 二、教学目标：

1 知识目标：要求学生掌握使用表示猜测的情态动词。

2 能力目标：学会情态动词在实际生活中的运用，会用，用正确。

3 情感目标：让学生爱上英语课堂,鼓励他们学习英语的自信心。

4 学习策略目标：设法使学生掌握使用英语进行造句，增强上课的积极性。

三 教学过程的分析：

步骤1---组织

师生互相问候；

步骤2---检测预习与复习（目的是导入情态动词的定义和特点）

1）由二则谜语引入要教的情态动词：1You can’t catch his body; you can’t see his shadowWhen strong, he shakes the house,when weak, the tree leaves 2What can you catch but not throw让学生猜，猜完以后，说出这里面都有一个can，这个时候它的意思是什么以及在这里的作用，由此导入主题。（5分钟） 步骤3 解释情态动词：情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语；情态动词的特点：1、情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只能表示期待或估计发生的事情；2、情态动词除：ought to,have to以外，后面只能接不带to的不定式；3、情态动词没有人称，数的变化（have to除外，即情态动词第三人称不加s;4、情态动词没有非谓语形式，既没有不定式，分词等形式；5、情态动词不能单独使用而必须跟后面的动词原形构成谓语。（6分钟） 步骤4 情态动词的用法。常见的情态动词有can(could), must,have to, may(might),shall（should）,will(would),dare,need,aught to等（4分钟）1 can与could（13分钟）1）表示能力Eg:I can dance, four eyes can see more than two(一道厦门市中考题)：You needn’t write letters to your cousin,you -----------chat with her by QQ insteadAmust Bhave to CcanCan只有一般现在时和一般过去时（一般过去时用could） Eg:Could Merlin read before she went to school这女孩上学期能识字吗？注：当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用can,如：She was able to get high grade after studying hard2)表示请求和允许。---Can I go now---Yes,you can/No,you can’t此时可以用could代替。与can的区别：can表示一般的请求，语气较随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈，上级对下级的场合；could表示礼貌地请求，语气更委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈，下级对上级的场合。如：--Could I help you --Yes,you can/No,I am afraid not3)表示推测，可能性（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Where can(could) she have gone toShe can’t (couldn’t) be over 16How can you be so careless 2． Must，have to(12)1)must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要must只要一般现在时，have to有更多的形式。The play isn’t interesting,I really must go nowI had to work when I was your age08年中考题）---I can’t give up smoking,doctor ---For your health,I am afraid yoi_________Amay Bcan Chave to2)表示必须，必要。We must do everything steo by step我们做什么都得循序渐进地做。在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用must,(不准，禁止)，而用needn’t,don’t have to(不必)。--Must we hand in our exercise books today--Yes,you must--No,you don’t have to/you needn’t3)表示推测、可能性（只用于陈述句中）You are Tom’s good friend,so you must know what he likes bestYour mother must be waiting for you now09中考题）Look at Mary,she keeps walking here and there before talking in front of classshe___________be very nervousAcan’t Bmust Cneed 3may,might(8分钟)1)表示请求和允许。might 比may 更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答可用can’t或mustn’t表示“不可以，禁止“。--May/Might I smoke in this room--No,you mustn’t--May/Might I take this book out of the room--Yesyou can(No,you can’t/mustn’t)用may I ……？征询对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I …在口语中更常见。2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3)表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句中）might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。He may/might be busy nowYour mother may/might not know the truth 4dare,need（8分钟）1)dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为daredHow dare you day I am unfairHe daren’t speak English before such a crowd,dare heIf we dared not go there that day,we couldn’t get the beautiful flower2)need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句。否定句。在肯定句中一般用musthave toought toshould代替。You needn’t come so early--Need I finish the work today--Yes,you must/No,you needn’t3)dare和neeed作实义动词时，有人称和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 5shall,should（8分钟）What shall we do this evening2)shall用于第二，第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺，决心或威胁。You shall do what I say(命令)You shall fail id you don't workd hard(警告)He shall have the book when I finish it（允诺）He shall be punished(威胁)Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan(决心) 6．Will,would（8分钟）1)比奥斯建议，请求等，would等委婉。Will/would you pass me the ball,please2)表示意志、愿望和决心。I will never do that againThey asked him if he would go abroad3)would 表示过去反复发生的动作和某种倾向would表示过去习惯比used to正式，而且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。During the vacation,he would visit ne every the other day4)表示估计和猜想。It would be about ten o’clock when she left home 7should,ought to（8分钟）1）should,ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。I should help her because she is in troubleYou ought to take care of the baby2)表示劝告、建议和命令。Should,ought to,可通用，但在疑问句中常用shouldYou shoud/ought to go to class right awayShoukd I open the window3)表示推测Should，ought to,(客观推测)。must(客观推测)He must be home by now。（断定他已到家）He ought to/should be home by now（不太肯定）This is where the oil must be（直爽）This is where the oil ought to/should be(含蓄) 以上共计80分钟剩下的时间写练习随堂练习：（40道单选题） 3情态动词句型（1）表示对现在情况的推测（情态动词 + v）肯定：must/may/might + be/do/be doing否定：can/could + not + be/do/be doing疑问：Can/Could + sb + be/do/be doing(2)表示对过去情况的推测（情态动词 + have done）肯定：must/may/might + have been否定：can/could + not + have been/done疑问：Can/Could + sb + have been/have done注意：表示推测（可能性从大到小）：must，can，could，may，might。

mbti是由美国心理学家迈尔斯和她的母亲共同制定的一种人格类型理论模型。

1，外向型（E）VS内向型（I），从一个人接受外部信息时，是更看重能看得见摸的着的事实。数据，还是更看重感觉和“第六感”之类的东西，将人分为：感觉型（S）VS直觉型（N）。

2，从一个人做决策的方式是理性占主导还是感性占主导的维度，可以将人分为：思维型（T）VS情感型（F）。

3，从一个人喜好的生活方式是更有目标、计划和条理，还是更加灵活、随意和自由的维度，人还可以分为：判断型（J）VS知觉型（P） 。

4，对于任何一个人来说，每一个维度都存在一个倾向，比如你更倾向于外向型（E），那么就不可能同时更倾向于内向型（I），如此一来，四个维度的一个组合就是一种性格类型，比如ESTJ。