魏晋南北朝时婚姻的一个显著特征就是强调婚姻的等级性。因为豪门士族的相对封闭性,他们对婚姻近乎变态地强调门当户对,这样做,当然是为了保证士族的纯洁性,然而也带来了许多恶果,一个在生物遗传学意义上的恶果就是士族过分追求门当户对而引发的近亲结婚和婚姻不计辈分。近亲婚以及异辈婚本来是受到限制的。
儒家传统中一直存在“同姓为婚,其类不蕃”和“蒸报不伦”的限制,所谓“蒸报不伦”即父死后子娶庶母为“蒸”,兄、叔死后,弟,侄娶嫂、婶为“报”,显然是**。不过这种病态的婚姻形式由于士族对自身血缘纯洁性的强调而变得合理并相当流行。生物学上的忌讳并不会因为士族的这种畸形想法而稍微减轻。高门士族在南北朝后期“肤脆骨柔,不堪行步,体羸气弱,不耐寒署”,则是他们自己酿成的苦果。
当然,并不能说魏晋之际的婚姻没有一点积极意义,同样是由于儒家的独尊地位被冲垮,引发的一个后果是婚姻的相对自由,“不齿*泆之过”的时代已然过去,而开启了择偶相对自由,不全由父母包办的新时代。当然这种相对的自由一般在庶族(寒门)婚姻之中更加常见。《世说新语》中曾有记载,王湛少无婚。自求赫普女”,后来父亲尊重了他的选择。
另一个可以说明婚姻自由的方面是对离婚与改嫁的限制减少。从汉朝开始由于儒家的独尊对妇女的限制极其严苛,结婚必须秉承父兄之命、媒灼之言。离婚对男方来说,不是“离”,而是“休”。对女方来说。则只能“不二天”,寡妇改嫁被认为是大逆不道的。而魏晋之际妇女地位有了一些改善,她们开始摆脱父权的压迫,在婚姻上争取到了许多自由,改嫁、离婚之风时或有之。
《晋书》更是记载了一个勇于选择自己向往的生活方式的妇女形象,据载,晋人王欢安贫乐道,专精耽学,不营产业,“其妻患之,焚其书而求改嫁”。这种妇女形象能够在魏晋时期的史籍中出现。应该不是偶然的。
值得一提的是南北朝时北朝的婚姻特点。由于北朝是少数民族鲜卑统治的朝代,在婚姻制度上,既有魏晋的遗风,又受到了鲜卑风俗的浸染,与南朝在婚姻上的相同之处是早婚现象严重。这或许可以追溯到鲜卑民族一直推行的同姓相婚的习俗。
北朝婚姻的一个独特之处是买卖婚姻盛行,也就是财婚。颜之推评论说:“近世嫁娶,遂有卖女纳财,买妇输绢。计量父祖。计较锱铢,责多还少,市井无异。”颜之推身在北朝,这段评论应该是他自己观察到的社会现实的真实写照,可见北朝买卖婚姻不是个别现象,财婚本是鲜卑人的风俗,后来影响到了汉人。到孝文帝实行汉化政策的时候,提倡鲜卑人与汉人通婚,嫁娶论财之风变得更加严重。
请采纳我的问题
1、一个女生前一天晚上得到男朋友的订婚戒指,但竟没有一个同学注意到,令她忿忿不平。到下午大家坐着谈天的时候,她突然站起来大声说:“哎呀,这里真热呀,我看我还是把戒指脱下来吧。” 2、女主人把女佣叫到面前问她:“你是否怀孕了?” “是啊!”女佣回道。 “亏你还说得出口,你还没有结婚,难道不觉得害羞吗?”女主人再次训。 “我为什么要害羞,女主人你自己不也怀孕了吗?” “可是我怀的是我丈夫的!”女主人生气地反驳。 “我也是啊!”女佣高兴地附和。 3、一个人骑摩托车喜欢反穿衣服,就是把口子在后面扣上,可以挡风。一天他酒后驾驶, 翻了,一头栽在路旁。警察赶到: 警察甲:好严重的车祸。 警察乙:是啊,脑袋都撞到后面去了。 警察甲:嗯,还有呼吸,我们帮他把头转回来吧。 警察乙:好一、二使劲,转回来了。 警察甲:嗯,没有呼吸了 4、在一条七拐八拐的乡村公路上,因为时常发生车祸,所以常常有一些鬼故事发生,有一天晚上,有一个出租车司机看见路边有一个长发披肩,身着白衣的女人向他招手,因为这个司机没有见过鬼,所以大胆的停下来让她上车了,这一路上,司机虽然不信有鬼,心里也毛毛的,所以时常从后视镜看后面的女人,开着开着,突然司机发现那个女人不见了!司机吓了一大跳,赶紧踩了一个刹车!只见那个女人满脸是血,表情狰狞。司机吓的牙直打颤。突然那女人开口了:“你会不会开车啊!我低头系个鞋带你突然一刹车我把鼻子都撞破了……” 5、一个病人去看病,医生检查了他,皱着眉头说:“您病得太严重了,恐怕不会活多久了。” 病人:“求您告诉我我还能活多久?” 医生:“十……” 病人着急地问:“十什么?十年??十个月???十天?????” 医生:“十,九,八,七,六,五……” 6、老师:“你能说一些18世纪科学家共同特点吗?” 学生:“能,他们都死了。” 7、犀粪蜣和蚊子谈恋爱,蜣问蚊子是做什么工作的,蚊子说:“护士,打针的。”蜣一拍大腿:“缘分呐,我是中药局搓药丸的…” 8、一非洲人住在某一宾馆。夜半,起火,不明原因。非洲人见状顾不了那么许多,光着身子就跑出去了。消防员见状惊呼:“我的妈呀!都烧的糊了吧区的了还能跑那么快!” 9、一个人想出国考察,但必须得到老总批准。于是他向老总请示,老总给了他一张字条,上面写着:“Go ahead”。 那人想:“Go ahead=前进,老总是批准了。”于是他开始打点行李。 一个同事见到了他问:“你在做什啊??”他说:“我准备出国考察,老总批准了,给我写了‘Go ahead’。” 同事一见条就乐了:“咱们老总根本就没批准!!咱老总的英语水平你还不知道,他这是在说去个头!” 10、牧师对买了他马和马车的农夫说:“这匹马只能听懂教会的语言,叫"感谢上帝"它就跑;叫"赞美上帝"它才停下。”农夫将信将疑,他试着喊了一声感谢上帝,那匹马立刻飞奔起来,越跑越快。一只跑到悬崖边上惊恐的农夫才想起让它停下来的口令“赞美上帝”。果然,马停下来了。死里逃生的农夫长出一口气:“感谢上帝………”
我打了很久,请采纳
1 the night before, a girl get boyfriend engagement ring, but no one noticed the classmate, make her antics You sit and chat in the afternoon, she suddenly stood up and shouted: \"oh, it's really hot in here, I think I'd better take off your ring\" 2, the mistress called the maid to ask her: \"are you pregnant\" \"Yes!\" The maid answered Export \"kui you still say, you are not married, don't you feel shy\" The hostess training again \"Why should I be shy, you don't the hostess also pregnant\" \"But I conceive is my husband!\" The hostess retorted angrily \"Me too!\" The maid happy to echo 3, a man riding a motorcycle like the dress, is to cut on the back, can the wind Drunk driving one day, he turned over, a planted on the road Police: police a: a good serious car accident Policeman b: yes, his head hit the back Po1: well, still breathing, let's help him turn his head back Po2: good One, two, turn back Policeman a: well, not breathing 4, turn in a curvy country road, because often in a car accident, so often have some ghost story, one night, there's a taxi driver saw the side of the road have a long hair shawls, dressed in a white woman waved to him, because the driver didn't see a ghost, so bold stopped to let her get on the bus, along the way, the driver doesn't believe in ghosts, the in the mind also maomao, so often the woman behind the rearview mirror to see, open open, the driver found the woman suddenly disappeared! The driver startled, hurriedly stepped on a brake! I saw the woman face is blood, grim expression The driver frighten of teeth chatter Suddenly the woman spoke: \"would you drive! I bow to fasten shoelaces are you smashed through a sudden brake my nose\" 5, a patient to see a doctor, the doctor examined him, frowning said: \"you too serious ill, I'm afraid I won't live much longer\" Patient: \"please tell me how long will I live\" Doctor: \"ten\" Patient anxiously asked: \"what Ten years Ten months Ten days\" Doctor: \"ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five\" 6, teacher: \"can you say some 18 th-century scientists common characteristics\" Student: \"yes, they are all dead\" 7, rhino poop Qiang and mosquito fall in love, Qiang asked a mosquito is to do what work, the mosquito said: \"nurse, give or take an injection\" Qiang a clap a thigh: \"the fate, I am a traditional Chinese medicine bureau rub pills\" 8, the africans live in a hotel In the midnight, a fire, unknown reason Before rushing so many africans, naked and ran out Firefighters said exclaimed: \"my mama ah! All paste the burned area can run so fast!\" 9, a person wants to go abroad, but it must be approved by boss So he to the manager for instructions, the boss gave him a note, it read: \"Go ahead\" The man thought, \"Go ahead = progress, boss is approved\" So he started to packing A colleague to see he asked: \"what are you doing\" He said: \"I'm ready to Go abroad investigation, boss approved, wrote me 'Go ahead'\" Colleague of joy at the sight of article: \"let's boss haven't approved!!!!! Our boss English don't you know, he is said to head!\" 10, priests to buy his horse and carriage of the farmer said, \"this horse can only understand the language of the church, call\" thank god \"it ran; called\" praise god \"it didn't stop\" Farmer track, he tried to thank god gave a cry, the horse gallop, immediately ran faster and faster A run to the edge of the cliff frightened farmer remembered that let it stop password \"praise god\" Sure enough, the horse stopped Close the farmer grows a sigh: \"thank god\"
I played for a long time, please
《白色城堡》刘非喜欢王欢。
刘非从第一眼看到姐姐王欢的时候,就已经有好感了,只是当时他自己并不确定,只知道在王欢的家里吃的这顿晚餐,是他这辈子目前为止吃得最开心的一顿饭,从心底的开心。因为和他那个冷冰冰的家比起来,这个家更有温度。
直到两人的第二次见面,本来是王杨鸣约了他一起去家里吃饭,但是医院临时有手术,只能让他自己提前去了王杨鸣家。到家之后发现王欢家的水管爆了,维修师傅也迟迟未到,两人只好自己先弄着,结果水却越来越大,最终两人看着彼此被水弄得浑身水兮兮的样子,不约而同发出了笑声。
最后维修师傅把水管修好了,回来后王欢儿子哈密建议大家来打水仗,于是三人就在家里这样撒泼的玩了起来。因为刘非从小就比较缺爱,就希望能有一个正常有温度的家庭,而这次打水仗,也算是弥补了他童年的遗憾,又一次让他感受到了家的温暖。这次之后,他便更加坚定了对王欢的喜欢。
刘非王欢结局
凭着刘非锲而不舍的精神,刘非的家人最终接受了王欢,在路清奇和包小炔的婚礼上,王扬鸣和刘非做伴郎,孟娇阳今天出任务来不了,王扬鸣却还是眼巴巴地望着。路清奇和包小炔在大家的祝福下完成了婚礼仪式,王欢接到了手捧花,刘非立刻上前求婚,他希望大家一起监督他的誓言。
不过没想到,王欢把刘非的求婚戒指藏起来了,她一直意识到是自己在逃避,但刚才看到刘非那么有勇气,王欢意识到自己也应该努力一点,这次是她给刘非求了婚。一片欢乐时,王扬鸣也收到了孟娇阳的消息。
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