英语中有哪些时态，它们都有哪些象征性的

英语时态有很多很多，与汉语差异很大，要花功夫学，特征就在谓语的型式上，不过也不是非常难。

1。语态：主动、被动；

2。时间：现在、过去、将来；

3。句式：一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式。

因而主动有 12 个时态；被动也有12个时态，但有 3个不用了，常用的是 9 个。

主动与被动合起来是 21个。

主动12个时态：（以动词 do 为例）

Simple Continuous Perfect PerfectCotinuous

Present I do I am doing I have done I have been doing

Past I did I was doing I had done I had been doing

Future I shallll do I shallll be doing I shall have done I shall have been doing

被动语态也有12种时态，常用的有9种：

Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous

Present is sent is being sent has been sent has been being sent

Past was sent was being sent had been sent had been being sent

Future will be sent will be being sent will have been sent will have been being sent

有 “” 号的是基本上不用的。

谓语动词的时态（一）

作谓语动词用来表示动作(情况)发生时间的各种形式称为时态。英语中不同时间发生的动作，要用不同形式的动词来表示。因此，每说一句话都要考虑时态问题，谓语动词要用适当的时态形式。

英语一共有十六个时态。

一般现在时、 现在进行时、 现在完成时、 现在完成进行时、 一般过去时、 过去进行时、 过去完成时、 过去完成进行时、 一般将来时 、将来进行时 、将来完成时、 将来完成进行时、 一般过去将来时、 过去将来进行时 、过去将来完成时、 过去将来完成进行时

但是，英语中常用的时态有五个：一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，一般将来时和现在完成时。还有些时态用得也比较多一些，如：过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时，现在完成进行时等，其它时态用得比较少，有的时态甚至很少用到。

英语时态形式可以用下表来表示：(以study为例)

一般时态、进行时态、完成时态、完成进行时态、

现 在study studies、is/ am/ are studying 、has/ have studied、has/ have been studying

过 去studied、was/ were studying 、had studied、had been studying、

将 来shall/ will study、shall/ will be studying、shall/ will have studied、shall/ will have been studying

过 去 将 来should/ would study、should/ would be studying、should/ would have studied、should/ would have been studying、

在这里，我们重点讲一下以下常用时态：

一、一般现在时

一般现在时主要用来表示：

1 表示一种永久性的、不涉及特定的时间的一般性陈述和客观存在。

eg I) He smokes too much

II) It seldom snows here

2 用于说明自然规律、客观真理、科学事实，格言、谚语等也属于词类等。

eg I) The earth moves round the sun

II) Actions speak louder than words 行动胜于雄辩。

3 动作动词的一般现在时可以表示现阶段重复发生的一系列事件。这时常和sometimes, often, usually, frequently, every day/week/month/year, daily, monthly, once a year, twice a day, five times a month等表示频度的副词（短语）连用。

eg I) Teenagers often spend hours shopping, especially on weekends

II) We always care for each other and care for each other

4 如果动作动词所指的是一个在讲话时开始并结束的单一行为，则意味着该事件很少或没有持续性，通常只用于行为语、特殊感叹句或对快速体育运动等的实况报导。

eg I) Here comes the winner

II) I declare the meeting open 我宣布会议开始。

5 表示将来时间。在由when，if，after，before，as soon as，even if，in case，though，till，until，unless，so long as等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时可以用来表示将来时间。

eg I) You’d better take an umbrella in case (万一) it rains

II) So long as (只要) you work hard, you’ll surely succeed

6 一般现在时可以用来表示一个按规定、计划、或安排要发生的情况。但这只限于少数动词，如begin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, stop, depart, open, close等。

eg I) The plane takes off at 11 am

II) School begins the day after tomorrow

III) Is there a film on tonight

7 在I hope, I bet等后面的that-分句中可用一般现在时表示将来概念。

eg I) I bet Houston Rocket beats Miami Heats this afternoon

II) I hope the storm passes quickly

8 在see (to it), make sure, make certain等后面的that-分句中可用一般现在时表示将来概念。

eg I) Please see (to it) that windows are closed before you leave

II) Be sure that you don’t work too hard

9 用于讲故事，叙述文、新闻报导或说明等中，以增加描述的生动性和真实感。

eg He sits down, shivers (颤抖) a little The clock outside strikes twelve

二、一般将来时

一般将来时主要用来表示：

1 将要发生的动作或情况。

eg I) When shall we have an oral test (口试)

II) He will start to work in June

2 习惯动作或未来的倾向。

eg I) Wherever he goes, he will take an umbrella with him

II) Only in this way will we succeed 只有这样我们才能成功。

3 表示将要发生的动作，除了一般将来时外，还有一些其他结构和时态。

a) be going + 不定式 (表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事)

eg I) Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain 看那些乌云，天快下雨了。

II) I am going to leave for Paris with my classmates next week

b) be about + 不定式 (表示正要、刚要发生的事情)

eg I) The train is about to leave

II) We are just in time The curtain is about to go up 我们来得很及时，**刚好拉开序幕。

c) be + 不定式 (表示按日程将要发生的动作)

eg I) There is to be a test in the fifth week

II) I am to meet my friend at the railway station this afternoon

d) 动词现在时 (见现在进行时2)

e) 一般现在时 (见一般现在时5、6、7、8)

f) 动词将来进行时，可用来表示不含意图的将来概念。

eg I) Machines will be doing many jobs that people do today

II) We will be staying in Beijing for three days

三、一般过去时

一般过去时主要用来表示：

1 表示事件或状态必定发生在过去，从其完成到现在之间有一段间隔。过去时间可以由状语表示，如yesterday，an hour ago，in 1972，last year等。

eg I) In 1972, Father’s Day became a national holiday in the United States

II) Jane was here a moment ago

2 动作动词的一般过去时可以表示在过去一段时间里重复发生的一系列事件。这时常和sometimes, often, usually, frequently, every day/week/month/year, daily, monthly, once a year, twice a day, five times a month等表示频度的副词（短语）连用。

eg I) Ken never smoked

II) I went to the cinema three times last week

3 在时间和条件状语从句中，一般过去时可以替代过去将来时。

eg I) Father promised to buy me a MP3 if he got a pay raise

II) I couldn’t watch that exciting game before my homework was finished

四、现在完成时

1 现在完成时只要用来表示：

a) 开始于过去而延续至今的动作（有可能继续延续下去）或重复性的事件。

eg I) Advertising has become a very specialized activity in modern times 广告在现代社会中已成为一项非常专业化的活动。

II) She has lived here since 1997

b) 动作的结果到现在时刻仍然存在，常与recently, just, already, yet, before, in the past few years, up to now, so far, this year, for, since等时间状语连用。

eg I) So far we have learned a lot about different tenses

II) In the past few decades (十年) great changes have taken place in Hangzhou

2 现在完成时和一般过去时的比较：

a) 意义上的区别

两种时态的动作都发生在过去，现在完成时强调动作现在的结果；过去时着眼过去的动作或状态本身。试比较：

eg I) I have read this book (说明我了解书的内容。)

II) I read this book yesterday (叙述昨天做的一件事，与现在无关。)

b) 时间状语的区别

与一般过去时相关的状语yesterday (morning), a month ago, earlier this month, last week/month/year/ Monday, the other day (前几天), at that time, in 1979, etc与现在完成时相关的状语since Monday, so far, ever, never, up to now/ present, yet, for three days, etc与两者都相关的状语Today, recently, this week/month/year/June, this morning/afternoon/evening, recently, before, once, already, etc

c) 特殊用法

i) 在“This/ It is the first (second, third, last, etc) time …”后用现在完成时。

eg It is the first time that I have traveled by train

ii) 在“It is/ has been a long time since …”后用过去时。

eg It has been 10 years since I graduated from my university

iii) 在“This is + 最高级形容词 + 名词”后的从句中用现在完成时。

eg He is the most interesting person I have ever met

五、将来完成时

将来完成时由shall (will) have加过去分词构成，主要表示将来某时已经发生的事情。如果句子中有“by + 将来的某一时间”或when, before等时间状语时，可以用将来完成时。

eg I) I shall have finished my homework before lunch

II) By the end of next month, he will have lived here fore three years

III) When we get there, they will probably have left

IV) Hurry up, or the train will have left by the time we get to the station

六、过去完成时

1 过去完成时的用法

过去完成时主要表示先于过去某一时间的事件或状态，即“过去的过去”。这一事件或状态可以在过去某一时间以前已经完成，也可能从“过去的过去”某一时间一直延续到过去某一时间（甚至还可能延续下去，但与现在时间无关）。

a) 过去完成时常和after, before, by, till, when, until等引入的状语连用。

eg I) I began collecting stamps in February and by November I had collected more than 2000

II) When I woke up it had already stopped raining

III) She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her homework

b) 在很多情况下没有明显的时间状语，时间由上下文表示出来。

egI) He went to see his boss and told him what had happened

II) They returned earlier than we had expected

c) 过去完成时的几种特殊用法

i) 和before连用，表示“还没……就”。

eg I) She cried before I had realized what was happening 我还没有意识到发生什么事情她就哭了起来。

II) They set out before I had told them the address

ii) “It/This/That was the first/second/third time that …” 结构中的从句，要求用过去完成时态。

eg I) It was the first time they had tried foreign food

II) It was the first time that he had finished his composition in 30 minutes

iii) 在“no sooner … than …”和“hardly/scarcely … when …”的结构中，主句中用过去完成时，从句中用一般过去时。

eg I) I had hardly closed my eyes when the telephone rang

II) No sooner had we begun than we were told to stop

iv) 与expect, hope, intend, mean, plan, suppose, think, want等动词连用时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。

eg I) I had planned to visit you, but I just couldn’t find time

II) He had hoped to help you, but he was ill

2 过去完成时和一般过去时的比较：

过去完成时表示过去某一时刻，或某个动作前发生的事，即过去的过去，它着眼于显示过去发生的几个动作的先后。一般过去时只叙述过去某时刻或某时刻后发生的动作，但不强调时间顺序。

eg I) When he got home, his wife had already prepared the dinner (他回家前饭已做好。)

II) When he got home, he saw a letter on his desk (他回家后看到桌上有一封信。)

七、现在进行时

现在进行时主要用来表示：

1 现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。

eg I) They are making preparations for it

II) He is showing a foreign guest round the city

2 一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。但这只限于少数动词，如go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, do, play等。

eg I) We are leaving on Friday

II) I am seeing the doctor today

3 有时用来代替一般现在时，表示一个经常性动作或状态，通常是为了表示一种感情（如赞叹、厌烦等）。

eg I) He is constantly complaining about his teacher 他老是抱怨他的老师。

II) How are you feeling today

III) He is always boasting 他老爱说大话。

be间或可以用在进行时态，表示一时的表现。

eg I) The boy is being difficult 这男孩正在闹别扭。(可能他平时很听话的。)

II) Frank is being a good boy today 弗兰克今天很乖。（可能他平时并不乖。）

八、过去进行时

过去进行体和现在进行体的用法相仿，只是时间向过去推移而已。过去进行时表示过去某时或某断时期正在进行的动作。

eg I) What were you doing when I called

II) What were you doing last night at 10 o’clock

九、将来进行时

将来进行时表示将来某时或某时期正在进行的动作。

eg I) I don’t know what my wife will be doing when I return home

II) When I prepare for the college entrance examination (高考), my sister will be taking her vacation (度假) at the seaside

十、现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时可以用来表示：

1 表示现在某时刻之前一直在进行着的动作，这个动作可能已经完成，也可能仍在进行。

eg I) How long has it been raining

II) I have been working on my paper for five years

2 有些延续动词如live, study, teach, work等的现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别不大，都表示延续一段时间的动作，现在完成时更强调动作的延续性。

eg I) I have lived here for ten years = I have been living here for ten years

II) How long have you taught English here = How long have you been teaching English here

但是，多数延续性动词的现在完成时与现在完成进行时表达的意义有所不同。

eg He has been writing this morning and has written four letters

十一、过去完成进行时

过去完成进行时的主要用法与现在完成进行时的用法相仿，只是时间推移到了过去。

eg I) They had been waiting for half an hour before the bus came

II) The fire had been burning for over a week

十二、将来完成进行时

将来完成进行时将来某时刻前一直进行的动作。

eg I) By next year he will have been teaching English for 30 years

II) In an hour you will have been surfing the net (上网) for 5 hours today

1、我想用我的全部，换取一条通往你心里的路。

I want to trade all my possessions for a way to your heart

2、或许我给不了你那么多温暖和感动，但有个词叫尽我所能。

Maybe I can't give you so much warmth and affection, but there is a word called "do my best"

3、关于想你这件事，躲得过对酒当歌的夜，躲不过四下无人的街。

As for thinking about you, you can't escape the night of singing about wine and the street of nobody

4、希望等我白发苍苍牙齿掉光满脸皱纹时，你还是会说爱我如初。

I hope you will still say you love me when my white hair and teeth fade and my face is wrinkled

5、你是百看不厌的书，我甘愿翻阅细读，字字珍贵，句句入心。

You are a book that never tires of reading I would like to read it carefully Words are Pcious and sentences are heartfelt

6、最美莫过于未来有一天，睡前吻你，半夜抱你，醒来有你。

The most beautiful thing is to kiss you before going to bed, hold you in the middle of the night and wake up with you one day

7、从今往后让我们一起走，细腻的心思我们一起拥有。

From now on let us go together, delicate mind we have together

8、以前想去的地方有很多，现在只想呆在有你的地方。

There used to be a lot of places to go, but now I just want to stay where you are

9、世界这么大，而我真正想落脚的地方，是你的身旁。

The world is so big, and the place I really want to settle down is beside you

10、我将永远忠于自己，披星戴月奔向理想和你。

I will always be loyal to myself, running towards my ideal and you

11、联系不到你，我很难受，什么都不想做，只想等你。

I don't want to contact you I feel very sad I don't want to do anything I just want to wait for you

12、愿未来所有好时光都有你相伴，愿情话终有主，你我不再孤独。

May all the good times in the future be accompanied by you May the words of love come to you and I will not be lonely any more

13、我是个俗人，望山便是山，望海便是海，望你却挪不开眼。

I am a vulgar person, looking at the mountain is the mountain, looking at the sea is the sea, but looking at you can not move your eyes

14、你给的世界，满满的都是爱。

The world you give is full of love

15、在同一片天空下，只是想想就觉得狠幸福。

Under the same sky, I feel happy just thinking about it

16、一辈子住在一个地方，一辈子睡在一个人身边。

Living in one place all one's life, sleeping next to one person all one's life

17、你是东半球，我是西半球，我们在一起，就是整个地球。

You are the Eastern Hemisphere, I am the Western Hemisphere, we are together, is the whole earth

18、我不要短暂的温存，只要你一世的陪伴。

I do not want short-term warmth, as long as you accompany the whole life

19、我这一生遇见的所有人里，任他们多漂亮，都未及你矜贵。

Of all the people I have met in my life, no matter how beautiful they are, they are less Pcious than you

20、喜欢你，没有技巧，真诚且野蛮。

Like you, no skill, sincere and barbaric

21、山中有路，鹿有孤独，头上有角，心中有梦，梦中有你。

There is a road in the mountains, a deer is lonely, a horn on the head, a dream in the heart, and you in the dream

22、一想到能和你共度余生，我就对余生充满了期待。

The thought of spending the rest of my life with you filled me with expectations for the rest of my life

23、自从喜欢上你，我就脱离了地心引力，因为我的重心变成了你。

Since I fell in love with you, I have been out of gravity, because my center of gravity has become you

24、世界变化不停，人潮川流不息。我只想每个落日，身边都有你。

The world keeps changing and the tide of people keeps flowing I just want you at every sunset

25、幸福就在日常的点滴中，感谢命运让我遇见了你！

Happiness is in the daily drip, thank fate let me meet you!

26、晚安，心上人，但愿，早日同床枕。

Good night, sweetheart, I hope to share the bed as soon as possible

27、如果有人追你，我就绊倒他。

If someone chases you, I'll trip him up

28、爱在心里，开不了口，你在梦里，放不开手。

Love in the heart, can not open the mouth, you in the dream, can not let go

29、生活不如你心意，我如你意。运气不在你身边，我在你身边。

Life is not as good as you want, I am as good as you want Luck is not with you, I am with you

30、十里山河不如你，万般野心只为你。

Ten miles of mountains and rivers are not as good as you All kinds of ambitions are only for you

31、喜欢你，怎会舍得轻言放弃，除非时光逝去，我死去。

Like you, how can you give up easily, unless time passes, I die ;

一、一般现在时：

1、时间状语：always，usually，often，sometimes，every week，once a week，on Sundays。

2、基本结构：be动词和行为动词。

3、否定形式：am/is/are+not，此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

4、一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首，用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

二、一般过去时：

1、时间状语：ago，yesterday，thedaybeforeyesterday，last week，just now，at the age of。

2、基本结构：be动词和行为动词。

3、否定形式：was/were+not，在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

4、一般疑问句：was或were放于句首，用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。

三、现在进行时：

1、时间状语：now，atthistime，thesedays。

2、基本结构：am/is/are+doing。

3、否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing。

4、一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

四、过去进行时：

1、时间状语：at this time yesterday，at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

2、基本结构：was/were+doing。

3、否定形式：was/were+not+doing。

4、一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。

五、现在完成时：

1、时间状语：recently，lately，since…for…，in the past few years。

2、基本结构：have/has+done。

3、否定形式：have/has+not+done。

4、一般疑问句：have或has提到句首。

六、过去完成时：

1、时间状语：before，by the end of last year。

2、基本结构：had+done。

3、否定形式：had+not+done。

4、一般疑问句：had提到句首。

七、一般将来时：

1、时间状语：tomorrow，next day，soon，in a few minutes，by…。

2、基本结构：am/is/are/goingto+do或will+do。

3、否定形式：am/is/are+not going to+do或will+not+do。

4、一般疑问句：am/is/are放于句首或will提到句首。

1、 Love makes man grow up or sink down

2、 爱，要么成熟，要么堕落。

3、 其实爱对了人，情人节天天过。

4、 有时候我真的很想你，我受不了。

5、 幸福就是找一个温暖的人过一辈子。

6、 有时候你以为天要塌了，其实你站歪了！

7、 Sometimes I miss you so much that I can hardly stand it

8、 世界上最强大的人是那些能独自生活的人。

9、 The strongest man in the world is the man who stands alone

10、 你不让我嫉妒，你让我怀疑我当初认识的你。

11、 假装一切都无所谓，虽然我已经筋疲力尽了。

12、 别担心，最好的总会在最不经意的时候出现。

13、 I am not addicted to text I am addicted to who I am texting

14、 Love is a fire which burns unseen 爱是无形燃烧的火焰。

15、 love is a fire which burns unseen 爱是无形燃烧的火焰。

16、 我对发短信发短信，而是沉迷于和我发短信的人。

17、 有时候，只有眼泪，我们才能彻底清晰地看到视线。

18、 爱不是数着过去的日子，它让每一天都变得有意义。

19、 love me little and love me long 不求情意绵绵，求天长地久。

20、 Donrsquo;t try so hard,the best things come when you least expect them to

21、 Love is not a matter of counting the days Itrsquo;s making the days count

22、 Sometimes our vision clears only after our eyes are washed away with tears

23、 love warms more than a thousand fires 爱的炽热胜过千万团的火。

24、 我爱你三个字，只需要三秒钟，解释需要三个小时，子。

25、 I acted like it wasnrsquo;t a big deal,when really it was breaking my heart

26、 If you fall in love with your Mr Right,every day is like Valentinersquo;s Day

27、 First impression of you is most lasting 对你最初的印象，久久难忘。

28、 Happiness is to find someone who can give you warm and share your life together

29、 first impression of you is most lasting 对你最初的印象，久久难忘。

30、 Where there is love,there are always wishes 哪里有爱，哪里就有希望。

31、 where there is love,there are always wishes 哪里有爱，哪里就有希望。

32、 Sometimes when you think the sky is about to fall down,you might be standing tilted!

33、 生活中很奇怪的是，你很容易忘记你想记住的，但你想忘记的。

34、 love understands love; it needs no talk 相爱的心是息息相通的，不用说话。

35、 经常喜欢一个人，不需要任何理由；不喜欢一个人，但有很多借口！

36、 It takes three seconds to say I love you,three hours to explain it,and a lifetime to prove it

37、 Often likes a person,does not need any reason; Donrsquo;t like a person,but have a lot of excuses!

38、 Yoursquo;re not making me jealous Yoursquo;re making me wonder what I saw you in the first place

39、 如果爱你的人不按照你想要的方式爱你，并不意味着他们不全心全意地爱你。

40、 With the wonder of your love,the sun above always shines 有了你美丽的爱，太阳将永远美丽

41、 当你真的喜欢某样东西时，你会发现语言是多么脆弱和无力，文本和感觉总是疏远。

42、 Love is a fabric that nature wove and fantasy embroidered 爱是一条织巾，用自然编织，用幻想装饰。

43、 love is a fabric that nature wove and fantasy embroidered 爱是一条织巾，用自然编织，用幻想装饰。

44、 Itrsquo;s easy to forget things you want to remember Itrsquo;s hard to forget things you donrsquo;t want to remember

45、 When you really love something when you will find language how fragile and limp Text and feeling always have the estrangement

46、 Just because someone doesnrsquo;t love you the way you want them to,doesnrsquo;t mean they donrsquo;t love you with all they have

47、 Love is not a matter of counting the days Itrsquo;s making the days count 爱不是数着过去的日子，它让每一天都有意义。

48、 love is not a matter of counting the days itrsquo;s making the days count 爱不是数着过去的日子，它让每一天都有意义。

49、 love is something eternal; the aspect may change,but not the essence 爱是永恒的，外表可能会改变，但本质永远不会改变。

50、 when the words "i love you" were said by you for the first time,my world blossoms我第一次听到你告诉我"我爱你"，我的世界瞬间绽放。

51、 But if the while I think on thee,dear friend,all losses are restored,and sorrows end只要我想起你，亲爱的人，所有的失落和遗憾都消失了。

52、 but if the while i think on thee,dear friend,all losses are restored,and sorrows end 只要我想起你，亲爱的人，所有的失落和遗憾都消失了。

53、 to the world you may be just one person to the person you may be the world 你可能只是，你可能只是一个人，但对某人来说，你是整个世界。

54、 You donrsquo;t love a woman because she is beautiful,but she is beautiful because you love her 你不会因为美丽而爱一个女人，但她会因为你的爱而变得美丽。

55、 I feel happy at times we have had angry words but these have been kissed away 当我们生气和争吵时，我们爱的嘴唇无影无踪地吻着他们，我的心感到甜蜜。

56、 i feel happy at times we have had angry words but these have been kissed away 当我们生气和争吵时，我们爱的嘴唇无影无踪地吻着他们，我的心感到甜蜜。

57、 tell me you are mine irsquo;ll be yours through all the years,till the end of time 请告诉我你是我的。年复一年，我属于你，永远。{[csc:pagelist]the heart that once truly loves never forgets 真诚相爱的心永远不会忘记。