请教大家,下面这三颗钻石我到底该选哪一颗呢?因为它们的4C都是一样的,希望大家能帮我详细解答一下!

请教大家,下面这三颗钻石我到底该选哪一颗呢?因为它们的4C都是一样的,希望大家能帮我详细解答一下!,第1张

By 2010 the most remarkable tide list

2010 absolute have every reason to believe this is a beautiful year - the financial crisis has become old news, garage, tight temporary accuse paragraphs of Shanghai world expo is in sight Into fashion version of this planet, Pandora will (the most compelling), Daedalian (clever, creative) and Delectable (pleasant) composed of "3D beauty" panoramic!

Keywords: high-tech

High-tech beauty into new trend

If you are still studying vitamin, spirulina etc natural ingredients, then you will "OUT" January 8,clarks womens smart, SEPHORA2010 spring media Open Day in 796 shanghart gallery was held From the overseas each big brand's founder, spokesperson, international trainer in succession to be present, transfer the brand's most sophisticated and off-the-press message In many new products, the most notable new trend is - the rise of high-tech beauty products Above all, the towers Sally card the launch of new light charm 525 skin bright, the palm type mining device of disc through wavelength 525 nano light, let users at home DIY complete high-tech whitening In addition, French high-tech beauty brand ESTHEDERM r&d "true cell water",Discount Tiffany Jewelry, EISENBERG to reaches ZhuoYan series using triple reactive molecules Have opened the cutting-edge technology of skincare fields

Keywords: drugstore

The pharmacy in cosmetics squad gradually strong

The so-called "drugstore",UGG, the most shallow understanding is that in pharmacy sell cosmetics and beauty da flamel will its summarized as four characters - - medical protect skin If again want detailed explanation, professionals said: "medical protect skin to taste in Europe is called drugstore,Herve Leger Bandage Dress, in Japan and the United States called drugs class cosmetics" In recent years,Dior Bangles, along with the people improve skin safety consciousness, more and more medicine makeup brand into pharmacy, drugstore market in China by YaYang, LiFuQuan and WeiZi occupied nearly 60 percent share at the same time, China's largest cosmetics company Shanghai home in has announced formally entered drugstore market

Shanghai home its drugstore brand jade ze listed at the same time, introduced first products jade zett embellish moisturizing milk According to information, this product is made up of brand and ruijin hospital in six years ago to establish the cooperation project of scientific research, mainly is for psoriasis, eczema, winter itching sickness and so on skin diseases In order to ensure product performance temperature close, jade zett embellish moisturizing milk is crocus oil added, such as supplementary affinity skin not saturated fatty acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid and plant amide etc, can effective alternative water channel protein - 3 role In addition, it is absolutely not contain mineral oil, pigment and flavor, and after the ruijin hospital clinical efficacy verification, to improve the skin moisture content, reduce moisture loss, improve skin, relieve eczema,Timberland kids Boots, sensitivity dermatitis has remarkable auxiliary therapy effect

According to relevant market data display, 2004-2007, domestic drugstore market sales of annual growth rate are over 10-20%, 2008-2012, Chinese medicine market is expected to maintain makeup the growth rate However, China's current drugstore market annual growth is twice of the European market Besides according to reporter understanding, 2010 under shiseido pharmacy new brand also will enter the domestic pharmacy, come so, domestic drugstore squad has established Japan, France, the United States, and China's four big system, squad increasingly powerful

Keywords: new faces

SunFeiFei, under an international supermodel

Everyone knows "set" Karl gulag jezaniah the super star-generating ability,bose headpones, as long as he valued models in modeling not to GongDou difficult, before the end of last year ending the chanel "Paris - Shanghai" top hand gunsmith series 2009 year show, Chinese model SunFeiFei became the next a lucky dog -- because old Carl like her very much!

SunFeiFei 1989 was born in shandong weifang, early 2008 won the libs-elite Elite model contest champions, global China, which opened runners-up modeling career is in 2009 This long a east faces girl, different from cuckoo, PeiBei, her much a elegant beauty Surely, had the old Carl's commend, in 2010, international on beautiful field, the Chinese style breeze will again across T stage

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前人早期研究资料显示,辽宁瓦房店地区钻石晶体普遍受到溶蚀,在晶面上形成有三角形和四边形凹坑,并有三棱台状、三角锥状、短柱状、参差状、波纹状、叠瓦状、鳞片状、圆盘状等的凸起,以及诸如蛀虫状、信封状、毛玻璃状和各种不规则的熔蚀坑、刻蚀沟、熔蚀空洞等。此外,在晶面上还常见有各种形状的晶纹,如蛛网状、塑性变形滑动线、面缝合线、束状晕线、圆饼状残余晶面等(赵秀英,1988;严春杰等,1989;郑建平,1989;宁广蓉,1999)。蚀象在大颗粒金刚石晶面上发育,而在小颗粒金刚石晶面上则不发育(图版Ⅲ),十二面体和立方体金刚石的蚀象较八面体金刚石蚀象要发育得多(赵秀英,1988;池际尚等,1996a;b),造成这种差异的原因池际尚等(1996a,b)虽进行过讨论,但成因未明。

本项目对搜集到的辽宁瓦房店地区292颗钻石样品的表面微形貌特征进行观测及统计。结果显示,钻石晶体普遍遭熔蚀,但熔蚀程度较浅,有相当比例的钻石晶面比较光洁,晶棱及角顶较为清晰尖锐。晶面花纹和蚀像种类按出现的频率由多至少的顺序主要有:溶蚀沟、闭合晕线、塑性变形滑移线、倒三角形凹坑、束状晕线、滴状丘、生长丘、叠瓦状蚀像、毛玻璃化蚀象等。

4211 生长丘

正三角形生长丘是在金刚石的(111)晶面上发育的与该晶面外形取向一致的三角形生长丘。其对称性与晶面的对称性完全一致,是晶体的生长形态 (图415,图416)。

图415 阶梯状、锯齿状生长纹

(6-LW,微分干涉显微镜,50×)

Figure 415 Stepped and jagged growth lines

(sample 6–LW,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,50×)

图416 峰丛状的三角形生长丘

(样品LN-50-248,微分干涉显微镜,100×)

Figure 416 Peak-like triangular growth hillocks

(sample LN–50–248,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,100×)

4212 熔蚀沟

钻石在生长熔蚀(解)的过程中,往往在其晶体上形成窄如裂缝的溶蚀沟,常沿解理面或与解理面重合的滑移面发展而成。在多数情况下溶蚀沟形成了复杂的弯弯曲曲的裂缝,不受任何一种确定的平面所限制。有时晶体上所生成的溶蚀沟不大,只“锯开”了顶角、边棱及部分晶面。但有时它们也会形成一系列交叉的深裂缝,把晶体割裂成形状不同的晶块,因此在晶体上便形成了碎块状的缺陷(图417,图418)。

金刚石形成过程中,若局部表面遭受熔蚀,则可能在晶体上发育熔蚀孔道和空洞。这些孔道和空洞如漏斗状或深坑状,在孔道的底部和壁上常见小的三角形和四边形花纹(图419,图420,图版Ⅲ)。

4213 滴状丘

滴状丘是金刚石晶面形成以后遭受熔蚀形成的表面微细形貌特征,多见于曲面晶体的曲晶面上,常见于沿塑性变形滑移线发育,彼此紧密排列成群分布(图421),或者是沿着位错露头溶蚀形成(图422)。

图417 晶体被熔蚀沟分割

( LN-50-006,宝石显微镜,32×)

Figure 417 Crystal segmented by etched trench

(sample LN–50–006,Gem Microscope,32×)

图418 熔蚀沟

(LN-50-019,微分干涉显微镜,200×)

Figure 418 Etched trench

(sample LN–50–019,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,200×)

图419 熔蚀空洞

(LN-50-015,微分干涉显微镜,200×)

Figure 419 Etched cavity

(sample LN–50–015,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,200×)

图420 熔蚀空洞形成熔蚀孔道

(LN-50-253,宝石显微镜,50×)

Figure 420 Channel formed by etched cavity

(sample LN–50–253,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,50×)

图421 滴状丘

(LN-50-253,微分干涉显微镜,100×)

Figure 421 Drop-like hillock

(sample LN–50–253,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,100×)

图422 滴状丘

(12-LW,微分干涉显微镜,100×)

Figure 422 Drop-like hillock

(sample 12–LW,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,100×)

4214 晕线

辽宁瓦房店金刚石中多边形闭合晕线是最为常见的晶体表面微细形貌特征之一。图423所示为一组围绕菱形十二面体角顶的闭合晕线,密集交错呈凸起状,晕线中心被一条长长的侵蚀裂隙穿过。图424为一组围绕角顶平行密集排列的闭合晕线。这种线状凸起是由于晶面分层熔解及生成熔解台阶而造成的微细层状蚀像。图425所示为一组较为平滑的束状晕线,具有磨蚀过的痕迹。

图423 闭合晕线

(LW-9,扫描电镜,55×)

Figure 423 Closed growth lines

(sample LW–9,Scanning Electron Microscope,55×)

图424 闭合晕线

(LW-12,扫描电镜,50×)

Figure 424 Closed growth lines

(sample LW–12,Scanning Electron Microscope,50×)

图425 束状晕线

(HN-120,扫描电镜,200×)

Figure 425 Bundle of lines

(sample HN–120,Scanning Electron Microscope,200×)

4215 塑性变形滑移线

塑性变形滑移线(图426,图427)是曲面晶体表面1~4组环绕晶体L5轴顶角的弧形复三方环,或1~4组垂直平行晶体L5轴晶棱的线状凸起(罗声宣等,1999)。它主要出现在金刚石{111}面上,有时为一组平行线,有时为两组相互交叉,有时可见三组交叉,很少在同一晶面上同时出现四组滑移线。滑移线的存在,表明晶体经历了强烈的应力作用,发生了塑性变形。当晶体受到很强烈的熔解时,就会因为受塑性变形带的影响,产生一组弯曲变形的滑动线(奥尔洛夫,1977)。塑性变形滑移线也是辽宁瓦房店金刚石样品中最常见的表面微形貌特征之一。

图426 平行的一组塑性变形滑移线

(LN-50-239,宝石显微镜,25×)

Figure 426 A group of parallel plastic deformation slip lines

(sample LN–50–006,Gem Microscope,25×)

图427 腐蚀后下凹的塑性变形滑移线

(LN-50-248,微分干涉显微镜,100×)

Figure 427 Plastic deformation lines sunk after erosion

(sample LN–50–248,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,100×)

4216 倒三角形凹坑

倒三角凹坑是辽宁瓦房店金刚石最常见的表面微细形貌特征的一种。它形成于(111)面,与金刚石的晶面反向平行,三角形的角可以发生不同程度的钝化,形成六边形凹坑、四角或五角凹坑。根据倒三角凹坑的底部形态可将其分为两种类型:棱锥底三角凹坑和平底三角凹坑,棱锥底凹坑很浅,呈负三角锥状,它总是在晶格位错的露头处产生,平底三角凹坑与位错露头无关。当棱锥底三角凹坑进一步发育时,三角形蚀像加深并呈现出层状–阶梯状构造。在一些晶面上可以看到大小不等的倒三角凹坑,甚至有时候晶体的(111)晶面可以完全被倒三角凹坑覆盖。当比较小的三角凹坑叠加在比较大的三角凹坑之上时,可以区分出倒三角形蚀像的两个世代(图428,图429)。

图428 平底三角形凹坑群

(LN-50-232,宝石显微镜,40×)

Figure 428 Groups of flat base triangular etched pits

(sample LN–50–232,Gem Microscope,40×)

图429 平底三角形凹坑上布满细小三角形凹坑

(LN-50-232,微分干涉显微镜,200×)

Figure 429 A flat base triangular etched pit bestrewed with little triangular pits

(sample LN–50–232,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,200×)

4217 叠瓦状蚀像

叠瓦状蚀象通常情况下发育在遭受强烈溶蚀的地方,是三角锥状丘和滴状丘的有规律组合。由于常见三角锥状丘和滴状丘沿滑移线发育,彼此紧密排列成群分布,所以叠瓦状蚀像的形状及分布特点可能取决于塑性变形,在塑性变形作用发生越强烈的地方,这种蚀象出现的可能性就越大,即取决于晶体平行{11l}面的滑移情况(图430)。

4218 四边形凹坑

四边形凹坑主要见于立方体面(100)方向,根据其底部形态可将其分为两种类型:棱锥底四边形凹坑和平地四边形凹坑。前者与位错的露头有关,后者与晶体结构有关(图431)。

4219 盘状蚀像

常见于浑圆晶体的曲晶面上。盘状蚀像是残留的原始平滑晶面部分,在蚀坑底部发育有清晰的沿一个方向排列的晕线。当浑圆晶体的大部分曲晶面都被强烈溶蚀时,只在个别部分残留有原始平滑晶面(图432,图433)。

42110 毛玻璃化蚀象

金刚石晶体的晶面因冲积磨蚀而产生的微细缺口可使其晶面变暗,具有油脂光泽,形成类似毛玻璃效果的表面形貌特征。但值得注意的是,提高放大倍数的时候,可以看见毛玻璃化蚀象实际上是十分微细的熔蚀现象,只是在低倍显微镜下不能进一步观察而已。样品LN-50-237为菱形十二面体金刚石,在低倍显微镜下可以见到其十二面体晶棱的交点处遭受熔蚀,呈现出毛玻璃化的效果,且可以见到楔形丘(图434)。当将毛玻璃化蚀象放大到500倍时,可见熔蚀面为微小的楔形丘,与晶体其他部位的楔形丘相对应(图435)。

与前人研究资料相比,本项目研究的292颗钻石的表面微形貌同样既有与生长过程有关的蚀像(生长丘),又有与熔蚀熔解有关的蚀像(熔蚀沟、倒三角形凹坑、晕线等),也有与塑性变形作用有关的线性结构(塑性变形滑移线),表明辽宁金刚石晶体表面微形貌种类相当丰富。在这些微形貌中,又以熔蚀沟、晕线、塑性变形滑移线、倒三角凹坑为主,表明辽宁金刚石晶体在形成过程中遭受了较强的熔蚀、塑性变形等地质作用。

图430 叠瓦状蚀像

(LN-50-104,微分干涉显微镜,100×)

Figure 430 Imbricated etched figures

(sample LN-50-104,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,100×)

图431 平底四边形凹坑群

(LN-50-015,微分干涉显微镜,200×)

Figure 431 Groups of flat base quadrilateral etched pits

(sample LN-50-015,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,200×)

图432 盘状蚀像、熔蚀沟

(LN-50-213,微分干涉显微镜,100×)

Figure 432 Etched disks,etched trench

(sample LN-50-213,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,100×)

图433 盘状蚀像底部定向排列阶梯状结构

(LN-50-213,微分干涉显微镜,200×)

Figure 433 Bottom of etched disks oriented into a stepped structure

(sample LN-50-213,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,200×)

图434 毛玻璃蚀象使晶体透明度降低

(LN-50-32,宝石显微镜,25×)

Figure 434 Crystal transparency decreased due to ground glass-like etched figures

(sample LN-50-32,Gem Microscope,25×)

图435 毛玻璃蚀象实为微小的楔形丘

(LN-50-33,微分干涉显微镜,500×)

Figure 435 Glass-like etched figures are in fact little wedge-like hillocks

(sample LN-50-33,Differential Interference Contrast Microscope,500×)

常见的关于的钻石术语,钻戒因为光芒璀璨又硬度较高,因此常被用来表示爱情,新人在结婚时也非常希望有一枚金光闪闪的钻戒,可是对钻石不够了解,购买钻戒时可能会受骗,下面就来看看常见的关于的钻石术语。

常见的关于的钻石术语:

1、AGTA

The American Gem Trade Association,美国珠宝协会。

2、AGSL

The American Gem Society Laboratories,美国权威的钻石检测机构。

3、Bar Setting 棒镶

钻石之间以金属分隔,并由左右的金属棒迫紧固定。

4、Brilliance 闪耀度

光线在钻石上全反射的白光强度。与切工比率以及对称性密切相关。

5、Characteristics 钻石的特征

钻石的天然生长痕迹和人为造成的缺陷。

6、Blemishes 表面瑕疵

包括表面花痕及色点, 抛光不当所致的糊状疤痕,表面很细的划伤的痕迹等。

7、Bearding须状裂痕

打磨过程中,可能出现的幼细裂痕。较轻微的裂痕经重新打磨,可被完全去除。

8、Bezel setting 包镶

这一镶嵌技术钻石完全地为形似画框的贵金属边缘所包围。

9、Baguette shape 长阶梯形

拥有阶梯切割面的长方形钻石。如较长的两边渐渐收窄,则称为尖阶梯形 tapered baguette。

10、Clarity grading 净度分级

每颗钻石都含有天然的内含物,犹如天然胎记,而这些内含物的数量、大小、形状、颜色则决定一颗钻石的净度及独特性。故名思义,内含物藏在钻石之内,而且可呈不同颜色:白、黑、无色、甚至绿色或红色。因此需在10倍放大镜下,对钻石内部和外部的特征进行等级划分。

11、Cavity 空洞

钻石大而深的不规则破口。

12、Colour grading 颜色分级

采用比色法,在规定的环境下对钻石颜色进行等级划分。

13、Bruises 击痕,擦伤

钻石受到外力撞击、摩擦留下的痕迹。

14、cut grading 切工分级

通过测量和观察,从比率和修饰度两个方面对钻石加工工艺完美性进行等级划分

15、Barion cut重子切割

Barion 切割拥有传统阶梯切割冠部及改良明亮式切割亭部,除亭尖外,方形Barion 切割的钻石共有62切面。

16、Carat 克拉

克拉这个词来源于一种叫作carob的植物种子,在古代人们用它来测量重量,一克拉等于200mg,142克拉等于一盎司,克拉可进一步划分为100分等于1克拉,半克拉的钻石也就是50分(大约100毫克)。

17、Channel setting 槽镶

常用于镶一排小的大小规则相同的宝石。这一镶嵌技术用两条金属从两边夹持宝石。用来镶圆形、狭长方形和方形宝石。槽镶就象一条铁轨,中间夹钻石。

18、Cleavage 破口

钻石腰部边缘破损的小口。

19、Crystal 内部纹理

钻石内部的天然结晶面。

20、Cloud 云状物

钻石中朦胧状、乳状、无清晰边界的天然包裹体。

21、Brilliant-cut 明亮式切割

经科学鉴定,明亮式切割反射最大部份光线,亦被誉为最闪烁及最具火采的切割方式。最普遍的明亮式切割圆形钻石具有58个切面,还有其它形状如心形、椭圆、榄尖形及梨形明亮式切割钻石。

22、Cluster setting 群镶

主石被较小的伴石包围,所以多颗较小的钻石,可组合成更大更漂亮的戒指。

23、Crown 冠部

腰以上部分,有33个刻面。

24、crown angle 冠部角

冠部主刻面与腰部水平面的夹角。

25、Culet 底尖(或底小面)

亭部主刻面的交汇点,呈点状或呈小八边形刻面。

26、crown proportion 宽高比

冠部高度相对于平均直径的百分比,计算公式见下

宽高比=冠部高度/平均直径×100%

27、culet proportion 底尖比(大小)

底尖直径相对于平均直径的百分比,计算公式见下

底尖比=底尖直径/平均直径×100%

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