中美文化差异不会影响中美关系的原因

文化差异的根源在于地域限制和所接受的文化熏陶不同，中国是受二千年封建思想限制，到现在还体现在许多思想方式和行为方式上，不是说变就能变的，而美国处于资本主义高速发展时期，和受工业革命影响，在生产工具和生产力的改进上比较先进，而最终导致了文化的差异，具体表现在一下几个方面。

一、个人主义

美国人相当崇尚个人主义，东方社会 （当然包括中国人） 则强调家族及阶级层次。这是一个非常重要及有影响力的分别。美国人崇尚个人特质的例子很多，父母较少伸手干预子女的发展。

二、隐私权

美国人通常很尊重别人的隐私。就是知己之间也很少问到别人太"切身"的问题，例如年龄、薪水及婚姻状况等。也应当少谈论第三者的事情。不请自来的访客（包括父母亲）是绝对不受欢迎的。

三、不拘礼

美国人在衣着娱乐方面，都比较随便。最重要的是人与人之间的交往都比较不拘礼，即使双方在年纪上或地位上有很大分别也不例外。这方面的例子多不胜数，例如很多学生对教授，及晚辈对老人家都直接称呼first name可见一斑。这种"越代"，"越身份"的不拘礼表现，在很多东方人眼中则认为是失礼的行为。

四、开放与直接

美国人是相当开放和直接的，尤其在专业的讨论，往往秉持着不同意见而争论（注意：是争论，不是拍桌子，摔麦克风的吵架）。相反地，东方人往往不会直接冲突，而是婉转地通过地位比较高的第三者来疏通。

五、独立性

美国人通常较不喜欢依靠别人，甚至父母的帮忙也不一定乐于接受，而父母亦鼓励子女早早离家，独立地生活与发展。我国青少年在这方面就发展得较慢。对留学生来说，要注意到指导教授非常重视研究生能够独立做研究的能力。而对英文不灵光的留学生来说，当你向美国人借笔记时如被拒绝，不一定表示他们讨厌你，极有可能是他们将心比心，认为你应该独立而已。

　1、语音的差异。

　　语音分为语调、音调、音节。中国语调有感叹、疑问、陈述等。单从语调就可听出是问话还是感叹。音调包括“一声，二声，三声，四声，轻声”。读起来抑扬顿挫，响亮好听，有规则、音节，就是单音节、基本不存在什么闭音节，如“ha”加上“t”，就只能从英文中找位置了，成了“hat”，西方的语言文字是要讲究开音节、闭音节的，包括轻音节、重音节，并且有单音节、多音节。这些特征决定了根本上的差异。

　　2、语形的差异

　　讲到语形，自然马上想到中国的象形文字，如“火”“人”等不胜枚举，一看就明白其一、处处，和自然形象联系起来就是一幅图，一幅美景图的精化，比如现在的各种书法，特点鲜明，意境深远，字的结构上更是上下、左右、包围、半包围，像建筑结构，通透看是立体互通，形象彰显，自身融入自然界，达互通互构之效其自然性特征，而西方的文字则非立体性结构，只是一种流线型的符号化了的字母、文字，没有象形可言，那些曲曲折折、玩玩画画的符号，人文性强，有逻辑联系，强调的是一种智力的运行规律、轨迹。这种外形、结构上的差别无疑产生的效果、效应不同，其主导暗示了某种潜在因素。比如：“大漠晚霞映碧空，黄沙浩瀚动乾坤”。写景诗文美中有境界，一年就气贯长虹，直入肺腑，再如：“明月别枝惊鹊”就是一副镜头而且是特写镜头，一下就放大了景物至少一个点，中国文字的优点使然。用外国文字就很难达到这种意境，尤其用外国文字翻译的中国古诗，美都给翻译没了。只剩下字面的意思和一些弯曲的符号，五味至极，这是西方文字的缺陷，也是语形的差异。

　　3、语义的差异

　　西方文字很精确，表达什么，表述什么都有确定的词。词的分类比较多，意多义少。中国文字则一音多义，并且很多，多一次比比皆是表意模糊，可有多种解释，使得中国文字的概括性高，综合性强表达简化，甚至一个字能释放一个境界，如“妙”。西方文字，表达精确，定义性强，讲求真，要分出第一第二。西方文化也就走精确求真的路，因此，寓意的区别也暗示了中西万户的差异

　　4、语法的差异

　　西方文字在词法方面有前缀、后缀、时态等严格规定的同时有着机械、死板的弊端，例如拉丁语，词的词态、词性都用符号表示并标注在每个词后面，没有丝毫自由灵活。中国文字后安排就行对自由灵活得多，前后颠倒词的顺序，灵活多变，甚有像“上海自来水来自上海”的句子。反、正法意义不变，称“回文句”，运用相当灵活自如。创造、创新性提高，但语法结构、词法结构不太发达，一些介词运用也相对少许多。语形、语音及时补足遗憾。字形的生动含义、语形的多姿多彩弥补缺失，即自然万物、万事都有其组织结构并自行调节的功用，弥补短缺。中西文化也不例外，从最初的起源到发展，长亦发展，短亦补足，各有其发展的轨迹。也就形成了语法的差异，导致中西语言文化的差异。

英语口语情景对话：

Boast cross-talk：

First: Our family boasts in old and well-known families!

Second: Our family is boasting in the specialized household!

First: Our boast of home does not pay taxes

Second: We do not hand in the money in boast of home!

First: Not blowing, I will go to toilet once borning

Second: Crawling

First: Who is it climb to come down while being harsh

Second: How will that go

First: The bed acts as the lavatory!

Second: These is it wet the bed to ask!

First: I can run in three months

Second: That must be a monster!

First: I of on the month such as three pieces mother go to work,I has to grandmother house /run grandmother house both ends

Second: Run in this way!

First: It want say boast, I no one can than

Second: I it believe,it dare you not here than than

First: Blow here No problem!

Second: Is it say heavy appetite this to want, I first meal can take five bowls of noodles!

First: Can eat 4 kilograms of boiled meat dumpling in a meal of mine!

Second: Oh, I have a fever!

First: Oh, I have a fever too!

Second: I am covering a bed of quilts to sleep in the evening, saw suddenly the next day, the quilt burnt a large hole!

First: Slept in the eveninging, I held a handful of maize in the hand, saw suddenly the next day, became puffed rice completely!

Second: I am taller than the tree!

First: I am higher than the floor!

Second: Unless I top of the head it, ride,stretch out one's hand not can stressing by plane not big!

First: My upper lip is carrying it, the lower lip is carrying the ground!

Second: Then how about your face

First: The person boasting is shameless!

Second: Hey! 

提高英语口语的5大技巧：

第一，如何用英文简单界定一个东西的技巧。美国人和美国人交谈80%是想告诉对方这个事物是什么。我们的课本尽管词汇难度不断加深，但思维逻辑结构却只停留在一个水平上。

中国人常说Where is the book(这本书在哪儿)很少有人说What is a book(书是什么)而美国的小学生就开始问：What is the book这种Where is the book只是思维的描述阶段。但是我想连大学生也很难回答What is a book因为中国传统英语教学模式没有教会学生表达思想的技巧。

第二，如果已经学会界定，但理解还有偏差，那就要训练How to explain things in different ways(用不同的方式解释同一事物)。一种表达式对方不懂，美国人会寻找另一种表达式最终让对方明白。因为事物就一个，但表达它的语言符号可能会很多。这就要多做替换练习。

传统的教学方法也做替换练习，但这种替换不是真替换，只是语言层面的替换，而不是思维层面的替换。比如，I love you(我爱你)。按我们教学的替换方法就把you换成her，my mother等，这种替换和小学生练描红没有什么区别。这种替换没有对智力构成挑战，没有启动思维。

这种替换句子的基本结构没变，我听不懂I love you，肯定也听不懂I love her。如果替换为I want to kiss you，I want to hug you，I will show my heart to you等，或者给对方讲**《泰坦尼克》，告诉对方那就是爱，这样一来对方可能就明白了。这才叫真正的替换。

也就是说用一种不同的方式表达同一个意思，或者一个表达式对方听不清楚，举一个简单易懂的例子来表达，直到对方明白。

第三，我们必须学会美国人怎样描述东西。从描述上来讲，由于中美的文化不同会产生很大的差异。我们描述东西无外乎把它放在时间和空间两个坐标上去描述。美国人对空间的描述总是由内及外，由里及表。而中国人正好相反。从时间上来说，中国人是按自然的时间顺序来描述。

我们描述一个东西突然停住时，往往最后说的那个地方是最重要的。美国人在时间的描述上先把最重要的东西说出来，然后再说陪衬的东西。只有发生悲剧性的事件，美国人才在前面加上铺垫。这就是中国人和美国人在时间描述上的巨大差别。

第四，要学会使用重要的美国习语。不容易学、易造成理解困惑的东西就是“习语”。比如北京人说盖了帽儿了，外国人很难理解，这就是习语。所以和美国人交流时，能适当地运用美国习语，他马上就会觉得很亲切，也很爱和你交流。那么什么是习语就是每个单词你都认识，但把它们组合在一起，你就不知道是什么意思了。

第五，学会两种语言的传译能力。这是衡量英语口语水平的一个最重要标准。因为英语不是我们的母语，我们天生就有自己的母语。很多人都认为学好外语必须丢掉自己的母语，这是不对的。

　　我找了一篇,然后你用goole 或随便什么的翻译一下!

　　不知道有用否

　　在者你可以先找中文的然后翻译!ok!

　　After experiencing a steel war, auto war and beef war respectively, global trade war has evolved into a tug of war over textiles in 2005 China assumes a key role in the ongoing trade war due to its increasing participation in the exports of textile products Chinese producers'' sophisticated ability to manufacture and export textiles gives rise to every-growing trade friction as well as every-rising vigilance from their American counterparts China Daily quoted an article (China''s rise raises questions about free trade) in an American newspaper on June 16, 2005 This article adopts the pragmatic American view and argues that the United States should adjust its policy on free trade in view of China''s rapid rise

　　After World WarⅡ,with the support of major developed countries, including the United States and other economic power across the world , the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)/the World Trade Organization(WTO) was set up(WTO replaced GATT formally on January 1,1995) The establishment of GATT/ WTO lays a solid foundation for the present-day world trade system which regards free trade as its ultimate objective America is the primary beneficiary of this world trade system A study from America shows, the living standards of American people has been raised by 10% or so The United States has gained from the advantages brought by economic globalization, such as less expensive imported commodities, growing competition and scientific and technological upgrading

　　The Untied States has also benefited from Sino-Us trade China''s trade surplus with the US, which is likely to continue for many years, will not bring about devastating consequences or exert a damaging impact on US economy Foreign-funded enterprises in China, which mainly contribute to China''s US-trade surplus, have consistently accounted for a big chunk of China''s export volume, with a proportion of above 50% Particularly, foreign-owned companies have paid the lion''s share 80% of the total export volume of China''s high-tech industries For example, the export volume of personal computers in China amounted to 60 billions US dollars in 2004, and China retained its trade surplus However,at least 3/4 of the profits of a computer goes to American businesses which research and develop software, design chip and sale the complete set of computer The true story behind China''s trade surplus with the US is that American businessmen have pocketed much of the earnings and Chinese manufacturers only have got modest economic returns

　　China''s miraculous rise is attributed to globalization, trade liberalization and the thriving domestic market of the United States Thanks to unremitting and dauntless efforts made by Chinese people from all sectors of the society, China''s economy is developing at a dizzying pace Compared with other developing country, China enjoys a huge domestic market and its economy is of a grand scale China has emerged as a world factory The United States keeps up its guard against China''s fast-paced development with a sense of insecurity So that the United States is seeking to hinder china''s rapid development and hold high the banner of trade protectionism

　　Therefore, the question we will study here is whether a retreat to the trade protectionism is a wise choice for the United States What are the implications of such an American approach on Sino-US trade as well as the world trade

　　In fact, America has never given up or abrogated the policy of trade protectionism and free trade has never been virtually realized The Industrial revolution broke out in the United States in the early 19th, in an effort to met the challenges brought by Britain industrial products and fueled the development of American homegrown industries The United State raises its tariff constantly American average tariff rate has rose progressively to approximately 40% in 1824 from the somewhere between 75%-30% in 1816 This proportion has also surged to 45% in 1825, posing another sharp increase Thanks to the implementation of the policy of trade protectionism, American industry was far ahead of others within the global reach in the 80'' of the 18th

　　Since China joined the WTO, the United States has adopted a tougher policy of trade protectionism towards China in a step-by-step fashion A series of make-or-break measures have been outlined and adopted successively, for example The imposition of high duties on imported steel, anti-dumpling cases against China-made televisions and the imposition of quota restrictions on China-manufactured textiles All of above-mentioned issues give full _expression to the fact that the United States has earnestly implemented a policy of trade protectionism

　　The question we are facing is whether the surging American trade protectionism will lead the world economy and trade into a blind alley Compared with the world of the late twentieth century, today''s world is far from stable and tranquil For example, the international financial market is a fragile one, the WTO negotiations have almost reached a stalemate, multilateralism is porgressively being replaced by regionalism, competition among the economic powers in the global market is white-hot and the gap between the rich and the poor keeps growing day by day How much the side effects of the rises of trade protectionism will add to the instability of global economy is still A mystery However, we must be aware of the fact that trade war is emerging as an active factor

　　Whether the implementation of the policy of trade protectionism will reduce the trade deficit of the United States and address the problems on its home front is still unclear Trade protectionism is not at all a newly started thing and maybe not a panacea The United States has been experienced in imposing safeguards on Japan-manufactured automobile As a result, the pressure from the US has forced Japan to become a heavyweight player in the international arena Japan ends up with a world-top automaker

　　The author regards free trade, the objective of WTO, as a mirage, and does not thing that free trade is achievable However, the liberalization of trade may be achievable

　　The competition between free trade and protectionism never stops and will run through the entire history of world trade As China experiences rapid economic growth it is nature for the United States to adopt a policy of protectionism towards China

　　China should be prepared for the adverse trade environment and the undesirable condition which is unlikely to take a turn for the better in the years ahead Therefore, we ought to learn how to strive to survive under the every-increasing pressure

　　When settling the trade disputes between China and the United States, America should seek to maintain the stability of world economy and safeguard our win-win situation The United States should also be made aware that China will not cave in the face of American protectionism or be led by the nose China, a world factory, will find a way out of the deteriorating trading climate The United States desperately needs to have a better understanding of the fact that America benefits a lot through Sino-US trade America will lose a low-priced suppiier base and a vast market, if America impairs and hurts its relations with China

　　Dan Ikenson, an US trade policy analyst says, if the United States begins to impose tariffs and penalties on China, it would have a negative effect on consumers in the US "It''s just a rash idea that would be ruinous to our economy," he said, doubting seriously that the tariffs would ever be imposed "It''s not going to help anybody, it will hurt a lot of people though"

　　China also has to go through a rethink of the ongoing trade war China has paid a costly price for its success in gaining accession to WTO in a considerably long period of 15 years and has been compelled to open its door to the outside world accordingly We have heeded lessons from American policy of pragmatism that we should put equal emphasis on the implementation of market opening policIes and self-protection We ought to create a strategic development space for the industries with competitive strength and safeguard our own interests in the course of settling every single trade dispute

　　The minister of the Chinese Ministry of Commerce Bo Xilai announced on May 30, 2005, to the public media around the world that China will not make any concessions to the United States and will squarely address the trade friction with the United States in textiles China''s approach will be viewed as an impressive turning point in the contemporary Chinese history of trade which featured every-expanding opening This declaration also is the response given by China when China faces the changes caused by American reconsideration over free trade

　　The author hopes that the world trade system does not move into an indefinite period of protectionism Conversely, the writer makes a wish that the trend of trade liberalization will be irresistible and the global welfare can be raised continually

　　(张晓璐译)

　　By Eliza Patterson

　　"It is getting ugly" is a phrase used with increasing frequency in the United States to describe the surge in China-bashing in the US Congress The frenzy of activity in the Congress is the result of anxiety about the surging economic power of China and its expanding sphere of influence Congress sees China as an export-driven giant racking which as a result of such unfair practices as currency manipulation has racked up an enormous and growing trade surplus with the US at the expense of US industry and workers Even more troubling to Congress is the fact that China has accumulated over $650 billion in foreign exchange reserves The fear is that China will use these assets to buy up important and strategic US assets China''s bids for Maytag, IBM and most recently Unocal are considered a threat to US national security

　　Faced with this picture the Congress has taken a number of protectionist actions- none of which have any actual force as of now It has drafted but not passed legislation that would impose a surcharge on all Chinese imports to counter what is viewed as an undervalued yuan; legislation that would bar the US Export-Import Bank from providing a $ 5 billion credit package to support a bid by Westinghouse to build nuclear plants in China; legislation that would bar the US Treasury from using funds to approve the Unocal sale to Cnooc; and passed a non-binding resolution expressing concern that the Cnooc sale would threaten US national security

　　While these measures clearly conflict with the long-standing liberal trade agenda of the United States, they do not signal a fundamental retreat from the policy of open trade In fact many have pointed out the similarities between the current reaction to China to the anxieties created in the 1980s by the seemingly unstoppable rise of Japan Then too alarms went off and some protectionist measures were taken In the end however, the US remained firmly committed to liberal trade, pushing for greater multilateral liberalization in the Uruguay and Doha Rounds and undertaking the negotiation of multiple free-trade agreements Then as now the retreat from liberal trade was based on anxiety about one specific trading partner not about the implications of open trade generally And the protectionism now as then is targeted at just one trading partner and comes largely from just one branch of the US government- Congress The Administration remains firmly committed to liberal trade and consequently there is little risk that protectionism will engulf US trade policy; or even US policy vis- a- vis China

　　This is not to say the Administration does not have numerous complaints about China It does, ranging from China''s failure to adequately protect intellectual property to its policy of pegging the yuan to the dollar But, as US Commerce Secretary Gutierrez said recently, the Bush Administration prefers negotiations to legislation and does not think that new tariffs and other barriers are the right answer to address US concerns

　　The US Congress would be well advised to consider the adverse impact its protectionist measures would have not only on US- China relations but also on US credibility in pushing for market liberalization world wide It should listen to the many serious analysts who say the claims that Cnooc''s bid for Unocal threatens national security are unfounded They should listen to the expert economists'' explanation of the potential adverse effects of a rapid move to a free floating yuan And they should consider the impact on US consumers of increased tariffs on Chinese imports

　　For its part China must recognize that much of the US public and a number of US members of Congress are uneasy about the implications of China''s increasingly important role in the global economy China should try to understand US anxieties and should seek to work with the US to alleviate those concerns While the heated rhetoric coming from Congress is indeed "ugly", it should not be seen as an indication of a fundamental shift in US liberal trade policy or even of as an effort to isolate China or keep it off the global stage Rather, the Congress, under pressure from segments of the public, is seeking changes in specific Chinese policies and practices that they regard as unfair if not WTO-illegal

　　China would be best served by seeking to negotiate a solution with the Bush Administration to US complaints regarding the yuan, intellectual property protection and Chinese barriers to US exports Successful negotiations in which China agreed to move gradually toward a free floating yuan , to improve its enforcement of intellectual property rights and to remove at least some of the alleged barriers to US exports would almost certainly restrain Congressional protectionist threats

　　If negotiations with the Administration do not yield a mutually satisfactory solution, or if China refuses to enter negotiations at all, it can be expected that the US will retaliate by placing limits on some Chinese exports and perhaps denials of some Chinese investments in the US Such action would be unfortunate and a step backward from the long-standing US goal of global liberal trade It would not, however, signal a fundamental shift in US trade policy

　　If the US does take such actions China should take full advantage of its WTO membership and pursue a WTO complaint against the US My guess is that if China won such a case the US would, after much agonizing, remove any WTO- illegal barriers because the Administration remains firmly committed to global trade liberalization and the rule of law as encompassed in the WTO

　　While segments of the US public and the US Congress are currently enamoured with China-bashing and threats of protectionism abound, US trade policy remains firmly in support of liberal trade, including with China

Diet Culture difference between China and America（中美饮食文化的差异）这篇可以参考：

The main difference between Chinese and America eating habits is that unlike,where everyone has their own plate of food,in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody sharesIf you are being treated by a Chinese host,be prepared for a ton of foodChinese are very proud of their culture of food and will do their best to give you a taste of many different types of cuisineAmong friends,they will just order enough for the people thereIf they are taking somebody out for dinner and the relationship is polite to semi-polite,then they will usually order one more dish than the number of guests (egfour people,five dishes)If it is a business dinner or a very formal occasion,there is likely to be a huge amount of food that will be impossible to finish

A typical meal starts with some cold dishes,like boiled peanuts and ashed cucumber with garlicThese are followed by the main courses,hot meat and vegetable dishesFinally soup is brought out,which is followed by the starchy "staple" food,which is usually rice or noodles or sometimes dumplingsMany Chinese eat rice (or noodles or whatever) last,but if you like to have your rice together with other dishes,you should say so early on