你好!非常同情你的遭遇。和这样的男生在一起只会一味的消耗热情,消磨青春,到头来落得苦不堪言。
一点没有顾及女生的感受和不喜欢,对女生不闻不问,连产后腰痛都舍不得出钱治疗,缺乏男生的疼爱和迁就,温柔体贴和善解人意。
女生想回会所上班还不允许,这样的男生就是霸凌,占有率极强,女生应及早分手。错过了夏花灿烂,还可以走进秋夜静雨。何必在一棵树上吊死,作践自己,为难别人。
[短语、词组归纳]
由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理:
一、动词+介词
1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料…
2.listen to…听……
3.welcome to…欢迎到……
4.say hello to …向……问好
5.speak to…对……说话
此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
二、动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:
A.动词(vt)+副词
1.put on 穿上 2.take off脱下 3.write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。
B.动词(vi)+副词。
1.come on赶快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家
4.come in进来 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立
午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。
4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。
5.in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。
6.in the wall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。
7.at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。
8.at + 时刻表示钟点。
9.like this/that表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”。
10.of短语表示所属关系。
11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。
12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”。
另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。
[重点句型大回放]
1.I think…意为“我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…,
2.give sth to sb/ give sb sth 意为“把……给……”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb
3.take sb/ sth to…意为“把……(送)带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人。
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……;另一个是……”,必须是两者中。
5.Let sb do sth 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Don’t let sb,do sth,或Let sb not do sth 另外,Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,
6.help sb (to) do sth/help sb with sth意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换
7.What about…?/How about…?意为“……怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。
8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth 意为“该做……的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。
9.like to do sth/like doing sth意为“喜欢做某事”, 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,
10.ask sb(not) to do sth 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb后应接动词不定式,
11.show sb sth / show sth to do 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2点。
12.introduce sb to sb 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introduce to sb则是“向某人作介绍”。
[重点短语快速复习]
1kinds of 各种各样的
2 either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是……
3 neither…nor…既不……也不……
4 Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶
5 take a seat 就坐
6 home cooking 家常做法
7 be famous for 因……而著名
8 on ones way to在……途中
9 be sick/ill in hospital生病住院
10 at the end of在……的尽头,在……的末尾
11 wait for 等待
12 in time 及时
13 make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去
14 just then 正在那时
15 first of all 首先,第一
16 go wrong 走错路
17 be/get lost 迷路
18 make a noise 吵闹,喧哗
19 get on 上车
20 get off 下车
21 stand in line 站队
22 waiting room 候诊室,候车室
23 at the head of……在……的前头
24 laugh at 嘲笑
25 throw about 乱丢,抛散
26 in fact 实际上
27 at midnight 在半夜
28 have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快
29 quarrel with sb 和某人吵架
30 take one’s temperature 给某人体温
31 have/get a pain in…某处疼痛
32 have a headache 头痛
33 as soon as… 一……就……
34 feel like doing sth 想要干某事
35 stop…from doing sth 阻止……干某事
36 fall asleep 入睡
37 again and again再三地,反复地
38 wake up 醒来,叫醒
39 instead of 代替
40 look over 检查
41 take exercise运动
42 had better(not) do sth 最好(不要)干某事
43 at the weekend 在周末
44 on time 按时
45 out of从……向外
46 all by oneself 独立,单独
47 lots of=a lot of 许多
48 no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再
49 get back 回来,取回
50 sooner or later迟早
51 run away 逃跑
52 eat up 吃光,吃完
53 run after 追赶
54 take sth with sb 某人随身带着某物
55 take(good) care of…=look after…(well) (好好)照顾,照料
56 think of 考虑到,想起
57 keep a diary 坚持写日记
58 leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下
59 harder and harder 越来越厉害
60 turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)
61 turn off 关
[重温重点句型]
1.So + be/助动词/情牵动词/主语.
前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人(物)也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用“Neither/ Nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语.”这种倒装结构。
注意:“So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法,表示“的确如此。”“是呀。”
2.Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing
这一指路的句型意为“在第一/二/……个十字路口向右/左拐。”相当于Take the first /second/…turning on theright/left
3.It takes sb.some time to do sth.
此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语
4.…think/find + it + adj + to do sth
此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语。
5.What’s wrong with…?
此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with…?后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作宾语时,意为“某人怎么了?”
6.too…to…
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句too…to…(太……而不能……)进行句型转换。
在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换
7.Sorry to hear that
全句应为I’m sorry to hear that 意为“听到此事我很难过(遗憾)。”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。
[重点句型、词组大盘点]
1 She used to be a Chinese teacher 她过去是一位汉语老师。
[用法] used to + 动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意。
[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do
[比较] used to do sth 过去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth 被用来做某事。
2…return it sooner or later
……迟早要将它归还。
[用法] l)sooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”。
2)return此处用作及物动词,意为“归还”,相当于give back
[拓展]return还可用作不及物动词,意为“返回”,相当于go back或come back。
3No matter what the weather is like…无论天气……
[用法]no matter what 相当于whatever,其意为“无论什么”,引导状语从句。
[拓展]类似no matter what的表达方式还有:
no matter when无论什么时候
nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方
no matter who无论谁
no matter how 无论怎么样
4 A young man practised speaking English with Mr Green
一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。
[用法]practise doing sth 表示“实践、练习(做)某事”。
[拓展]practice名词,“实践”、“实施”、“练习”;put a plan into practice实行某计划。
5 He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans
他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。
[用法]1)encourage用作动词,意思是“鼓励”、“支持”。
2)take part in“参加”,常表示参加活动。
3)protect 是动词,表示“防御”、“保护”。
[搭配]1)encourage sb in sth在某事上鼓励或支持某人
nbsp;encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人干某事
2)protect sh from sth使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害
6 …to warn people about sharks in the water ……警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。
[用法] warn用作动词,意思是“警告”、“警戒”。
[搭配]1)warn sb+ that从句
2)warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
3)warn sb to do sth告诫某人做某事
4)warn sb against(doing) sth告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事
重点句型、词组大盘点 1 She used to be a Chinese teacher 她过去是一位汉语老师。 [ 用法 ] used to + 动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意。 [ 搭配 ] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do [ 比较 ] used to do sth 过去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth 被用来做某事。 ……
短语总结
1 It’s time for sth 该到做某事的时间了
It’s time to do sth(It’s time for sb to do sth) 该到(某人)做某事的时间了
2 can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待地要求做某事
3 ask (tell)sb (not )to do sth 请(告诉)某人(不)做某事
4 make/let sb to do sth 让某人做某事
5 hear/see/sb do sth 听见/看见某人做某事
6 had better(not )do sth 最好不做某事
7 It’s better to do sth最好做某事
8 It’s best to do sth最好做某事
9 enjoy 喜欢做某事
10 finish 结束做某事
11 keep 继续做某事
12 keep on doing sth 继续做某事
13 carry on 继续做某事
14 go on 继续做某事
15 feel like 喜欢做某事
16 stop to do sth 与stop doing sth 停下来去做某事(与)停止做某事
17 forget/remember to do 与 forget/remember doing sth忘记/记得去做某事(与) 忘记/记得曾经做过事
18 keep(precent,stop)sb from doing sth阻止/防止/阻栏栽人做某事
19 prefer…to ……喜欢…胜过……
20 prefer to do sth rather than do ath宁愿做某事,而不原做某事
21 used to do sth过去常常做某事
22 What’s wong with…… …出了问题(事)
23 have nothing to do with… 与…无关
24 be busy doing sth 在忙于做某事
25 too…to… 太……以致知于不……
26 so ……that … 如此… 以致知于不……
27 such…that…… 如此… 以致知于不……
28 It take sb some time to do sth 某人做某事用了一些时间
29 spend …on sth(doing sth)花钱/时间做某事
30 pay…for sth花费(钱)买某物
31 What /how about…… ……怎么样(好吗)
32 would like to do sth 想要/愿意做某事
33 I don’t think that我认为……不…
34 Why not do sth Why don’t you do sth 为什么不做某事呢
35 What do you mean by…你…是什么意思
36 What do you think of …(How do you like …)你认为…怎么样
37 Mike enjoys collecting stamps So do I迈克喜欢集邮我也也喜欢
38 The more, the better 越多越剧好
39 Thanks for doing sth谢谢你做了某事
40 It is said that… 据说……
人总是这样矛盾的生物,会把恭维和忍让留给社会,却又在爱情里恶语相向。跟男朋友经常吵架怎么办?吵架的高频区常常会分布在爱情的平淡期,男生常常扮演一个不愿意解释、懒得解释的角色,而女生大多数呢,会因为男生不愿意沟通而变得怀疑和唠叨。
一个懒得讲,一个愿意瞎想。自然而然地就会在爱情里,产生难以调和的矛盾冲突。在平淡期的情侣,往往不愿意去退让和解释,取而代之地是用下意识的情绪爆发来面对爱情、表达自己。进而矛盾就会越发的升级,彼此的爱情也就会进入到高压状态。
就像我们在平淡期感觉一样,稍微有一丁点的小矛盾就会大动干戈。其实爱情平淡期的吵架,并不能代表彼此对于爱没有耐心了、甚至不爱了,是因为处于情感升级的彼此,在潜意识中为自己争取日后的恋爱话语权,只不过用错了形式和方法,反而让吵架成为了伤害彼此的武器。
教学干货
一、情侣们吵架的诱导性和潜在性因素有哪些?
①成长习惯、三观、思维方式的不同
其实每个人在这个世界上都是一个完全独立且特别的个体,而爱情呢,又是要求着彼此互相磨合、互相包容。但是在两性关系中,有很多对等性的冲突,即没有办法判断谁应该主动退让或认错。
就比如说西北的女生早饭爱吃面,而东北的男生早饭喜欢喝粥,这种生活习惯性无非对错的差异,在平淡期都有可能成为点燃彼此情绪的导火索。同样都会产生这样的想法“你既然爱我,为什么不能顺着我的意思来?”,都想试图改变对方,却往往忘记了尊重和认同。
②利益出发点的思维差异
情侣很多时候吵架并不是因为有矛盾,而是“我认为我这么做,都是为了你好!”而选择争吵。比如在平淡期中,女生更希望男生多花些时间去陪伴彼此、经营感情,而男生更希望是花时间努力工作,给爱情提供更好的物质保障。彼此的出发点都是想要营造一个更好的爱情,但是由于彼此看待问题的角度不同,同时也不愿意沟通彼此的内心真实想法,最后导致的是用争吵的方式来表达自己的想法。
有了为爱付出的责任心,缺少了维护爱的沟通模式。所以即使彼此深爱,也不会百分百地规避争吵,也自然有着对待感情冲突和矛盾的想法,但是彼此要做的不是让争吵变成日常,而是懂得理解彼此的差异,寻找感情中的共通点。
③安逸感取代了危机感
为什么在刚开始恋爱的时候,彼此很少吵架。是因为彼此都认识到爱情还没有稳固,生怕因为自己某一次的坏脾气,让对方产生厌烦的情绪从而让爱情崩盘。在恋爱的初期,生怕彼此的感情有一点闪失,所以小心翼翼地忍让和包容来换取爱情的稳固。
但是到了爱情的平淡期,在潜意识中我们已经认同对方是我们最亲近的人,在一起缺乏了当初的危机感,取而代之的是安逸感,所以就会认为即使自己发脾气,对方也不会因为一时的冲突而离开自己的,而变得更加肆无忌惮。
所以很多时候,情侣遇到巨大的感情矛盾时往往不会吵架,而是选择同仇敌忾的共同面对问题。而面对生活中的小事时,本能地就会选择情绪宣泄来解决问题,因为心里知道“小事吵不散,大事不用吵。”原谅老师在这里没给大家列举案例,因为每个阶段确实太长了,聊天记录文章中展示不太友好,不过我已经为大家打包整理成文档,想要学习和借鉴的朋友,都可以直接私信老师!
二、冲突的模式及危害程度
①短暂情绪宣泄吵架模式(危害指数:★★)
伴侣会因为生活中一些细小的冲突而瞬间情绪达到临界点,从而发生争吵。但是这种争吵发生频率较低,只有当双方情绪处于低谷时才容易发生,但是很快就能和解,在争吵过后能够迅速冷静下来,并且重新恢复恋爱状态,好像争吵从未发生过一样。
情景再现:女:“今天能不能别让我刷碗了,我都要累死了”男:“你累我不累啊,我上一天班还要给你做饭,你刷个碗怎么了?”女:“你累个屁,天天上班也就是喝茶水,回家就跟大爷一样,就问你能不能刷?”男:“不刷,谁爱刷谁刷?”女:“那我也不刷了,不过了!”just a few minites男:“一会儿想看**么?”女:“,想!”男:“那我们刷完碗一起看呀?”女:“好。”两个人手牵着手去刷碗,大型的真香现场。
②持久冷战模式(危害指数:★★★)
彼此的争吵常常是短暂的,经过几回合拌嘴后双方就进入冷战模式,即使处在共同的环境下,彼此也会视而不见、故作冷漠。这种冷战模式的争吵,很容易伤彼此的感情,增加对于恋爱的失望感和绝望感,即使因为一方的妥协而和好了,缺乏了沟通只会让爱情的矛盾得以积压, 最后陷入了恶性循环
③强烈的敌对模式(危害指数:★★★★)
在平淡期,彼此都在心中解压着强烈的不满和矛盾、甚至对于感情已经产生了厌烦的心理,吵架也不再是就事论事,更多地对过去多件事情的整合处理,俗称翻小账。而吵架也不再局限于语言攻击,还包括了人身攻击和肢体攻击,吵架持续时间长,并且彼此长时间保持亢奋状态,难以化解矛盾和冲突,彼此不愿意原谅更多地是有了分手的念头。
情景再现:女:你是有病呀,跟你说了多少次了,你能不能长点记性?!男:你能不能把嘴闭上,我就这样,天天墨迹这点事,烦不烦?女:你能不能过了,天天不知上进,看看别人的男朋友,再看看你?男:我咋的了?你要觉得好,你跟别人过呀?(开启了脏话模式和摔东西模式)
无论是以上哪一种争吵模式,都能产生递进效应,如果不进行有效地沟通和解决,矛盾就像一根根稻草一样逐渐地向彼此施压,爱情的负担也就越来越重,最后就会成为压垮彼此的最后一根稻草。
老师多年的咨询经验,我想从另外一个视角告诉兄弟们:1在你和女生交往中,跟女生聊某句话,做某件事,在女生的视角看来到底是什么意思?2在女生眼中,理想的爱情是什么样的?妹子期望追求她的男生有什么样的表现?想搞明白这些的兄弟,都可以直接私信老师!我们一起探讨你心中的情感疑惑,助你找到最佳解决方案。艾伦哥也希望我们可以成为无话不谈的朋友,为你们的感情加一份额外保障!
三、矛盾的有效性化解和规避
①合理宣泄,冷静疏导
其实适当的宣泄情绪是对爱情的双方有利于了解彼此的想法。但是吵架终归是吵架,难免会恶语相向伤害彼此的感情。情侣之间的争吵大多数不是瞬间爆发的,而是由于情绪的积累导致的, 所以在彼此适当地宣泄情绪后,也要懂得将情绪置于冷静期,让争吵止步于此,不再发生由争吵产生的进一步恶性行为。
之后彼此要在冷静期合理地重新审视争吵,把彼此的观点冷静且客观地说出来,当一方才采取了冷静和理性的沟通方式,另一方很难再提起吵架的兴趣,在有效地沟通中找到彼此争吵产生的根源性问题,并说出自己的非情绪化的看法,有很多矛盾就会在这样的理性沟通中迎刃而解的。
②拒绝用情绪指导决定
在一段感情中,我们都无法避免自己会有不好的情绪,但是如何对待自己的负面情绪,往往决定着日后的情感走向。如果你在恋爱中长时间情绪化的亢奋状态,你所做出的决定往往也是和预期背道而驰的,所以要懂得跳出情绪化的状态,做出理性的情感决定。
那么面对自身的负面情绪时,先要做的是要自己平复下来,而不是在情绪化的顶峰一次次用分手要挟对方,否则爱情也会在一次假性分手时过渡到真性分手。所以当彼此处于亢奋的精神状态时,一方不妨主动换一个空间去做与争吵无关的事情,从而转移注意力,从争吵的情绪中脱离下来,当你以一颗平静的心态再面对矛盾时,你会发现自己做出的选择和决定会更加理智。
③学会换位思考
这是老生常谈的话题了,但是在恋爱争吵中真的很有效,想要对方理解和认同你的想法,你就要先去了解和分析对方的想法。人只有当别人认同自己时,才会主动认同其他的观点。当人处于争执和反对的状态时,即使接受了你的观点,也不过是被动地、妥协地。
所以当彼此产生矛盾时,说服对方往往比理解对方更能规避争吵,与其站在两个极端的看法上争执不休,不如综合彼此的想法,选择一种折中、彼此认同的观点去实行,这样的解决问题的方法,往往更具有效率性和合理性。
要记住,争吵不是要让对方完全妥协,而是彼此退让、彼此满足。当你看到这里,艾玛在这篇文章中想要教给大家的内容也已经结束了,当然这只是艾玛体系课中的冰山一角,如果你想学习的更加具体,更加快速,更加有效的维护长期关系的方法,可以来加入我的内部服务。
蜕变自己
跟男朋友经常吵架怎么办?最开始的时候,我们所有人都是“恋爱小白”,几年之后,有的人成为了恋爱达人,而有的人还是一张白纸,这并不是说你比别人笨,只是你把别人用来谈恋爱的时间,用到了其他地方!
当别人比你优秀的时候,你会给自己找各种借口阻碍自己的成长:1老师,我很笨我怕报名之后还是学不会。2老师,我经济条件差怕妹子知道了之后看不上我3老师,我觉得自己长得不帅,没信心跟妹子聊天如果可以的话,这些理由可能永远都写不完!
因为我说服了一个借口,你还会想到其他的借口!兄弟,醒醒吧,这些只是你不愿意成长的借口而已!所以,有了想改变的心是第一步,剩下的事只要交给我去做,我相信短时间内,艾伦一定还一个全新的你!别人可以做到,你一样可以成为他们,老师希望班级的照片墙上能留下你和她的相片,让所有人见证你们的爱情!
《婚姻法》明确规定,父母对子女有抚养教育的义务,有管教和保护未成年人子女的权利和义务。法律赋予了父母抚养、教育和管教未成年子女的责任。教育孩子是一门科学,教育孩子的方法也很多,但是用打孩子的方法来教育孩子是最不科学的,也是法律所禁止的。当然,并不是说打孩子就构成犯罪,只有当父母致孩子轻伤以上的伤害是,才构成犯罪。
最新36个万能高频动词用法扫描
1ask
A问 1) vt May I ask you a question
I have something to ask you
Jack asked me how to start the machine
She asked what time it was
2) vi I asked only out of curiosity
Tom went to ask about the train
If you don’t understand, ask
B要求;请求;征求 vt
I’m going to the workers to ask their advice
He asked Joe to get in touch with them
He was asked to see them off
C邀请 vt They asked us over their dinner
They often ask him out to sea
D习语 ask about…询问、打听
ask after…问候
ask for…请求、找某人、要求
ask sth of sb 向某人问
2break
vt A 打破、打碎、打断
Who broke the window into pieces
He fell and broke his leg
Try not to break the silence
B违反
He often breaks his promise/his word/ the law/ the rule
C习语
break away突然离开
break away from sb脱离、离开、背弃
break down 中断、粉碎、发生故障、(身体)跨了、(机器)坏了
break forth迸发、爆发、发泄
break in闯进、打断
break in on sb打断某人的谈话
break into…闯入、侵占
break…into pieces打碎
break off折断、突然中断
break…open 撬开
break out爆发
break through…突破
break…up开垦、破碎、解散、分解
break with sb与某人断交
break sb’s heart使某人心碎
3bring
A vt 带来、拿来(由远而近)
Bring me the paper, please
He forgot to bring his umbrella
May I bring her to see you
Shall I bring the books upstairs
After we were seated, she brought out dishes
B习语 bring…about造成、导致
bring… down打落(飞机、禽鸟等)、降低(物价、温度等)
bring… forward提出
bring…in引进、介绍、收获
bring…into being实现、使产生
bring…into effect/practice实行、贯彻
bring…out出版、发表
bring…to an end/ a stop/ a close使终止、结束
bring… to mind使想起、回忆起
bring…together集合;召集
bring…up养育、呕吐
bring…to victory使走向胜利
bring…to safety带到安全地带
4catch
A vt 抓住、逮住、挂住The nail caught my coat
He caught my hand and held it tightly
We caught ten monkeys in all
但是 vi 挂住 His coat caught on a nail
The kite caught in a tree
B赶上、搭上 We’ll hurry and catch the 10:30 bus
C听懂 Pease repeat it I didn’t quite catch you
Do you catch my meaning
D染上 He caught a bad flu
E(出其不意地)撞上、碰上 She caught him smoking
Some boys were caught stealing flowers from the garden
F 给撞上、碰上 The ship was caught in a hurricane
One night we were caught in a thunderstorm
Hurry up and don’t get caught in a storm
G习语
catch at sth 想抓住、设法抓住
catch sb by surprise出其不意抓住
catch/get/seize/take hold of…(突然)抓住、抓牢
catch sb’s attention/eye吸引某人注意
catch sight of…看到、发现
catch the point of…抓住…的要点
catch up赶上
catch up with…赶上…
5.do
A aux v
(1) 帮助构成一般过去时或一般现在时的疑问或否定式
They do not believe it When id they arrive there
(2) 用在肯定句和祈使句中加强语气
I do miss you, Mum She does sing well
Do be on time So she did come after all
(3) 用来表示前边提到的动作(以免重复)
---May I come round in the evening ---Yes, please do
I knew he would help us, and he did
(4) 用于某些倒装句中
Only then did I realize he had been wrong
Never did he know anything about it
B 做 vt Can I do anything for you
We often do our homework together
The glass is broken who did it
We did some reading last night
She did most of the talking
C vi (1) 表示生活、学习等情况How do you do
They did very well in English but badly in maths
How did you do in the exam How are you doing
(2) 行了、够了、可以On e piece of bread will do
Talking with your mouth full won’t do
(3) 做、办 Do as you are told to
When in Rome, do as the Romans do
Let her do as she likes
D习语
do…with…处理 What have you done with my bike
can do with…将就用 I can do with the old bed
do something about…对…采取措施
do sb a favor=do a favor for sb帮某人个忙
do away with…废除、破除、去掉
do sb good/harm/wrong= do good/harm/wrong to sb 对某人有益/有害/冤枉某人
do one’s best/ bit/part=do everything/all/what one can尽力
do …up包扎、扣(纽扣)
do without…没有…也行、不需要
have something to do with…与…有关
do right/wrong做得对/做错了
6expect
1 vt 期待、预料、等待It’s what we’ve expected
Is this the letter you have been expecting
We expect to finish the work by Friday
I expect that they will drop in
I expect you to make more progress
---Will he be back tonight ---I expect so
You arrived earlier than we had expected
2习语
as (is/ was/ has been) expected不出所料
They came late again, as was expected
expect too much of sb对某人期待过高
7feel感觉、觉得
A (1) vt Do you feel any pain when I press here
Facing this situation, they felt both joy and fear
(2) link v I don’t feel very well today
The busier he is, the happier he feels
The desk feels smooth
(3) vt 接复合宾语 I felt someone go upstairs
I felt a great weight taken off my mind after the exam
She felt their eyes watching her when she came to the stage
She felt herself (to be) right
I felt it my duty to help you
He felt it necessary to talk about his own shortcomings
(4) vt 宾语从句
He felt strongly that we should take some action about the bad practice
B vt 摸 He felt the pot and it felt very hot
C习语
feel like doing sth想要
feel one’s way摸索前进
feel sb’s pulse切脉
feel as if/ as though感觉似乎
She felt as if she were a member of the family
feel quite oneself 觉得身体很好
8find
A vt (1) 发现
I found a wallet on the street corner yesterday
He found her in danger=He found that she was in danger
I found him (to be) a tough guy=I found that he was a tough guy
This method was found to be practical=It was found that the method was practical
I find it interesting to read these stories= I find that it is interesting to =read these stories
I found a dog killed in the park= I found that a dog had been killed in the park
I found a man breaking into a warehouse= I found that a man was breaking into a warehouse
(2) 找到
Have you found the book you have been looking for
B习语
find…out查清楚;弄明白;了解;打听
find one’s way to sp设法赶到;进入
They found their way to the front of the crowd
The news found its way to a lot of people
find fault with sb 对某人吹毛求疵;挑剔
find oneself…发现自己…、不自觉地…
They found themselves in a difficult situation
Then I found myself surrounded by some boys
He found himself walking in the direction to the park
他发现自己不知不觉地在往公园的方向走。
9get
A vt得到、弄来 Where did you get these good ideas
Let me go get the doctor
Will you get me a ticket=Will you get a ticket for me
He got a poor wage Let’s get something to eat
B习语
get about(消息)传开
A rumor(谣传) got around that Fu Biao was ill in hospital
get…across讲清楚;渡过
I wonder how to get my new ideas across
get ahead of…领先
get along进展、过活、相处
get away逃掉
get away from…避免、摆脱、离开
get back回来
get…back收回、找回
get behind落后
get …down记下来
get down to (business/ work/ studies)认真做
get to know/ realize/love/like逐渐地了解/爱上
get in进来
get…in收进来、请来
get off起飞、下车、出发
get…off脱下
get on…上车/船/飞机等;继续进行;相处
get…out拔出、洗掉、出版
get out传出
News got out that you were leaving
get over…克服、摆脱
get rid of…消灭、摆脱、除掉
get round…绕过、回避
get somewhere有结果/成就
get through…做完、结束;看完、用完
get together聚会、联欢
get up起床、举办
The students are going to get up a concert on May Day
have got=have有
have got to=have to不得不
10give vt 给
Who is going to give the talk
He was given a good beating last night
习语
give…away泄露、送掉、分配
give…back归还、报复
giveforth发出;发表
give in屈服、让步
give…in交上
give in to sb/ sth屈服于;对…让步
give…off放出、发出(光、热、气味等)
give oneself up to doing sth 献身于、专心于
give up放弃、投降
give…up停止、戒掉
give way to sb让步;让位于
As winter gave way to spring, days were getting longer
given that假定;已知
give sb a hand帮某人忙
give rise to导致
11go
A vi 走 He has gone back home a newspaper
Pride goes before a fall
B link v He went hungry for a week
His face went pale when he heard the news
This guy went wild/ crazy/ mad after the loss of his wife
Don’t ever eat the bread It has gone bad
C习语
go after…设法得到;追求
go along向前发展 We’ll learn as we go along
go back on one’s word/ promise失信
go back to…追溯到
This custom goes back to Roman times
go beyond…超过
go down下落;减弱
go up增长;提高
go into…研究;从事
go off爆炸;(电、水等)停掉
go ahead继续进行;去做吧
go all out全力以赴
go and do sth= go to do sth
go down on one’s knees跪下
go in for喜爱;从事
go on发生;持续
go on to do sth接着做(另一件事情)
go on doing sth继续做(同一件事情)
go on with sth 继续做(同一件事情,可以有间隔)
go out熄灭;过时
go over sth浏览;复习;审阅
go through…经历;检查;
go shopping/ fishing/ skiing/ skating/ begging/ boating/ swimming/ fox hunting/ sightseeing/ mountain climbing
go from bad to worse每况愈下
go from door to door
be gone丢了;走了;一去不复返
Gone are the days when we studied together happily
have a go试一下
go out of one’s way to do sth 不辞辛劳去做……
go to hell见鬼去吧
go to sleep睡着
go through with…把……进行到底
go well with…与……相配/协调
go without…不吃/用……过日子
Sometimes they went for days without washing their faces
12have
句型1 have sb/ sth do sth
Let’s have them stand facing the wall
句型2 have sb/ sth doing
We had the fire burning all night
I won’t have you talking to your dad like that!
句型3 have sb/ sth done
I will have my radio fixed He had his wallet stolen
句型4 have sth to do I have a letter to write
句型5 have to do sth I have to get up early every day
习语
与动词同行的名词连用,表示动作:have a talk with…
have a look/ glance/ glimpse at
have a meeting/ discussion/ operation/ haircut
have an English lesson
have a swim/ wash/ rest/ try/ smoke/ taste/ dream/ walk
have a cold/ cough/ headache/ pain
have lunch/ some beer
have a good/pleasant/ tough/ bad/ hard/ difficult terrible time
They had a hard time solving the problem
have fun=have a good time/enjoy oneself
have a word/ a few words with sb与…谈话
have words with sb与…吵架
have something/ nothing/ a lot to do with…
have sth on穿着(状态)
had better (not) do sth最好;不得不(迫于客观原因)
have something with sb随身携带
have a baby生小孩
have a test/ talk/ speech/ lecture/ chat
have had enough of厌倦
have sth back要回
have one’s own way按照自己的意思办;我行我素
have sth to oneself完全由自己使用
You can have the house entirely to yourself
13help
A vt 帮助 They did everything they could to help us with our lessons
This medicine will help you (to) get better
She helped (to) sweep the floor
B vi 有帮助;有用;好用
This medicine won’t help Thinking will help
C习语
help sb with sth 帮助做
help sb out of trouble帮助某人脱离困境
can’t help doing sth禁不住……
cannot help/ choose but do sth只好……
help sb out帮助结局难题; 帮助摆脱困境;救出
turn to sb for help求助于……
be of help有帮助;有用
14hold
A vt拿着;握着
Holding my hand, he tried to calmed me down
Hold the line, please
容纳 How much water can the tank hold
拥有;占有 He held the position for years
举行 Chinese film weeks will be held in other places
B习语
hold…back阻碍;忍住;保留
hold…down 控制; 镇压
hold…forth提出;
hold…in memory 记住
hold on坚持下去;(电话)别挂
hold on to…抓住不放
hold out坚持到底;维持;伸出
We must hold out, and the enemy will give up
They were ready to hold out a friendly hand
hold to sth紧紧抓住;坚持(路线、道路、看法等)
hold…together合在(一起);团结(在一起)
hold…up举起;耽搁;耽误
The storm held us up, so we were late for the meeting
Their wages were help up or reduced for no reason
15keep
A vt (1)保留 I’ll keep a seat for you
(2)养活;饲养
He has a large family to keep He keeps some chicken
(3)使……处在……状态 Sorry to have kept you waiting
Let’s keep the door open but keep the windows closed
You must keep us well informed
Mr Xue always keeps us busy
Close the door to keep the cold out
Let’s keep the room in order
B link v 保持
We must keep fit=We must keep in good health Keep calm in time of danger
C习语
keep a record of登记;记录
keep a secret保密
keep watch注意;提防
keep one’s promise/word履行诺言
keep the law/rule遵守法律/法规
keep…apart使分离
keep away不接近;避开
keep…back扣下;阻止;留下;忍住(眼泪等)
keep birthday/ Christmas庆祝生日/圣诞等
keep body and soul together维持生活
keep…down控制;缩减
keep sb doing sth 使……坚持做
keep silence保持安静;保持沉默
keep sth to oneself把……据为己有
keep sb from doing sth 阻止;使免于;抑制
keep hold of…抓住不放
keep …in mind记住
keep doing sth 继续做;不断地做
keep on doing sth 不停地做;反复地做
keep…out不许……入内
keep out of…不参与
keep sb company与某人做伴; 陪伴某人
keep to sth坚持;固守(习惯等)
keep…under control使得以控制
keep in touch with…与保持联系
keep up坚持;继续
keep up with…跟上
keep watch守望;站岗
16know
A vt(1)知道 I have known him since childhood
(2)懂得 Do you know Japanese
B习语
be known as…通称为;以著称;被认为是
be known for…因而出名
be known to sb为某人所了解
become well known出名
for all/anything/ everything I know 据我所知
It is well known that…众所周知
know about/ of了解;知道
know…for certain确实知道
know sb by name仅知道某人的名字(不认识)
know sb by sight与某人面熟(不熟悉)
know/learn …by heart背诵
make…known/public公告;发表;表示
know/ tell right from wrong辨别是非
know no limits是无限的
A man’s life is limited, but service to the people knows no limits
17leave
A vi离开;离去When are you leaving
He left in a hurry without telling anyone
B vt(1)留下 She asked us to leave our address
(2)使处在某种状态
Sorry to have left some questions unanswered
He left the window open
She left the baby crying bitterly
The illness left him rather weak
(3)剩下 We have only three months left
C习语
leave…about乱放
leave…alone放任不管
leave…behind留下;遗下
leave A for B离开A去B
leave hold of…放弃;松手
leave nothing to be desired尽善尽美
leave …off停止
leave …out省去;遗漏
leave…over留下;剩下
leave room for留下……余地
18let
A vt让 She doesn’t let her child play with fire
B用于祈使句 Let’s go to the Summer Palace, shall we
Let Peter do the job, will you
C习语
let…alone不干涉;听之任之;更不必说
the baby can’t even walk, let alone run
let…be不干涉;听之任之
let…down使……失望;放下 I won’t let myself down!
let…go释放;松手 Let go of me!
let…in放进来
let…off放(炮、烟花、枪等)
let…out泄漏;放掉(水、气等);释放
let…pass放过;不追究;宽恕
http://hibaiducom/zhou_shao_yong/blog/item/bf07eb1915474c4143a9adb8html
我给你分为三个部分 第一部分是重点词组 第二部分是重点巨型 第三部分是重点语法 希望对你有所帮助
重点句型
1.“So + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的,“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句,则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。
例如 He’s tired,and so am I.(=I’ m also tired.)
You can swim,and so can I.(=I can also swim.)
She has had supper,and so can I.(=I’ve had lunch,too.)
Tom speaks English,and so does his sister.(=His sister speaks English,too.)
A: I went to the park yesterday.
B: So did I.(=I also went to the park yesterday.)
2.“So +主语+be/have/助动词/情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序,so相当于indeed,certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实,语气较强,意思是“确实如此”。
例如 A:It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。B:So it was.的确如此。(=Yes,it was.)
A:You seem to like sports.B:So I do.(=Yes,I do.)
A:It will be fine tomorrow.B:So it will.(=Yes ,it will.)
3.“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事,以免重复。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so(=I handed in
my composition on time) 语文老师叫我按时交作文, 我照办了。
4.So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……(的情况)也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时,要表示相同情况,必须使用本句型,不能使用so 引起的倒装句。
She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing So it is with my sister
5、There you are 行了,好。
这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。如:
There you are! Then let's have some coffee除此之外,还可以表示“瞧,对吧(果然如此)”的语气。例如:There you are! I knew we should find it at last对吧!我就知道我们最终能找到的。
6、have some difficulty (in) doing sth
干某事有困难;接名词时,常用句型:have some difficulty with sth
①Do you have any difficulty (in) understanding English你理解英语口语有困难吗?
②She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation她说她在发音方面有困难。
7、have a good knowledge of sth
“掌握……”,“对……有某种程度的了解”
①He has a good knowledge of London他对伦敦有所了解。
②A good knowledge of languages is always useful
8、Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres deep
一棵又一棵的树被水冲倒、冲断。那水肯定有三米深。
“must have + 过去分词”表示对已发生事情的猜测。在英语中,must,may,can三个情态动词可用来表示对事情的猜测。Must意为“肯定”,语气很有把握;may意为“可能”、“也许”,语气把握性不大。两者常用在肯定句中。Can意为“肯定”、“也许”,常用在否定句或疑问句中。Must,may,can三者用于表示猜测时,其后面可跟三种不同的动词形式:1)跟动词原形表示对现在事情的猜测;
2)跟be doing表示对正在发生事情的猜测;3)跟have done表示对已经发生的事情的猜测。例如:
Helen is Lucy’s good friend She must know Lucy’s e-mail海伦是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的电子邮件。
We can hear loud voices in the meeting room They must be quarrelling我们可以听到会议
室很吵。他们肯定在吵架。
I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago He can’t have gone to Australia我刚才还在大门口见
过杰夫。他不可能去了澳大利亚。
9、Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生,很有趣。
fun “好玩,趣事”,不可数名词,前面不加不定冠词a。
You’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight 今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。
make fun of“取笑”,“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a
strange jacket人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。
funny adj “可笑的,滑稽的”。He looks very funny in his father’s jacket他穿着他父亲
的衣服,看上去很滑稽。
10、Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea……
许多看过这部**的人都不敢在海里游。
afraid 用法说明:1)害怕人/ 物,如:be afraid of sb / sth
2)不敢做某事,如:be afraid to do sth / of doing sth
He is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night
3) 担心会发生某事, 如: be afraid of doing sth或be afraid + that clause
He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river
He seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into theriver
4) 给人不愉快的信息或不赞同某人意见时, 用I’m afraid …, 如:
I’m afraid I’ve got bad news for youI’m afraid I can’t agree with you
11、It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。
这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型,其中to finish eating everything 是主语,it是形式主语。
12、I wish you all the best我祝你万事如意
用wish来表示祝愿的结构是wish sb sth, 此外我们还可以用may来表示祝愿: May sb do sth如:
May you succeed
13、Where there is a river, there is a city 有河流的地方就有城市。
Where在这里引导的是地点状语从句,相当于介词in/ at/ to + the place + where从句9定语从句),意思是“在……地方”。 例如:
Where there is smoke, there is fire无风不起浪;事出有因。
He lives where the climate is mild他住在气候温暖的地方。
14、Strong, proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia
圣彼得堡人民坚强不屈、充满自豪、团结一致,他们是俄罗斯当代的英雄。
Strong, proud, and united为前置定语,在这里相当于一个非限制性定语从句:
The people of St Petersburg , who are strong, proud, and united, are the modern heroes
of Russia 当主语比较短时,这类短语常常放在句首。
15 Congratulations!是一句祝贺用语,在使用时要用复数形式。其他几个通常以复数形式出现表达特定含义的名词有:
manners(礼貌):He is a little boy with good manners这个小男孩很有礼貌。
regards (问候):Please send my regards to your parents请代我问候你父母。
16 Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games
没四年,世界各地的运动员们都要参加奥运会。
“every + 基数词 + 时间/ 距离单位”词表示“每多少时间/ 距离”。如:
every five days(每五天), every three hours(每三小时), every ten metres(每十公尺)
类似表达形式还有:every fifth day, every third hour
“每隔一天”的表达形式有:every second day, every two days, every other day
17、Modern cellphones are more than just phones—they are used as cameras and radios, and
to send e-mail or surf the Internet现代的手机不仅仅是电话机—它们也当坐照相机和收音机使用,还可以发送电子邮件和上网。
use A as B 把A用作B。例如:
In ancient times, people used stones as tools for farming在古代,人们把石头用作耕作的工具。
use sth to do sth用某物来做某事。例如:
In ancient times, people used stones to kill animals for food在古代,人们用石头来捕杀动物获取食物。
18、The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no
matter where we are or what we are doing答案似乎是:无论我们在何处或正在做什么,我们都需要和朋友以及家人一直保持联系。
1) seem 似乎,好像,其用法及搭配有:seem + adj, 如:
This problem seems complicated, but actually it is simple这个问题看似复杂,其实很简单。
seem to do : I seem to have seen him somewhere before我好像以前在哪儿见过他。
It seems that…,; It seems that everything is going on well好像一切正常。
It seems as if…,: It seems as if it’s going to rain看来快要下雨了。
2) no matter无论,不管,后面常跟疑问词引导的从句,其意相当于疑问词后加ever。如 no matter what=whatever; no matter where=wherever; no matter how=however; no matter when=whenever例如:
No matter when (Whenever) I meet him, he is always wearing that old hat
不管我什么时候遇见他,他总是戴着那顶旧礼帽。
No matter how (However) expensive the cellphone is, I’ll buy it because I need one badly
无论这手机有多贵,我都要买。因为我急需有个手机。
重点语法:
直接引语和间接引语
1 直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。
eg: “I broke your CD player” (一般过去时改成过去完成时)He told me he had broken my CD player
Jenny said, “I have lost a book”(现在完成时改成过去完成时)Jenny said she had lost a book
Mum said, “I’ll go to see a friend”(一般将来时改成过去将来时)Mum said she would go to see a friend
过去完成时保留原有的时态
He said, “We hadn’t finished our homework” He said they hadn’t finished their homework
注意 直接引语是客观真理,过去进行时,时态不变。
2. 在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如:
Mary said, “My brother is an engineer”=Mary said her brother was and engineer
3. 直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如:
He said, “Can you run, Mike”=He asked Mike whether/if he could run
4 直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth”句型。如:
“Pass me the water, please”said he。=He asked him to pass her the water
5 直接引语如果是以“Let’s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如:
She said, “Let’s go to the cinema”=She suggested going to the cinema
或She suggested that they should go to the cinema
现在进行时表将来的动作
现在进行时表将来的动作,谓语通常为瞬间动词。如:come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。
(1)用现在进行时表示将来,指的是近期的,按计划或安排要发生的动作。
(2)现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于:前者通常用瞬间动词(有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如:do)如:go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。
He is reading a novel
他在看小说。
The train is arriving soon
火车就要进站了。
(3)用现在进行时表示将来的时间,在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。
(4)现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于:前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的,而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情,因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。
What are you doing next Friday
下星期五你们打算干什么?
The plane takes off at 7:30 tonight
飞机今晚七点半起飞。
定语从句 (the Attributive Clause)
1 描述特定时间的特征 ---- 由when或介词+which引导定语从句:
This was the moment when / at which Spielberg’s career really took off
2 描述特定地点的特征 ---- 由where或介词+which引导定语从句:
Chuck survives the air crash and lands on a deserted island where / on which there are no people
3 描述特定原因或理由的内容 ---- 由why或介词+which引导定语从句:
The reason why / for which Steven Spielberg could not go to the Film Academy was that his grades were too low
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,归纳起来,二者有以下几点不同:
一、作用不同
限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切,是先行词不可缺少的定语,它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或物 如果删去,全句的意思就会变得不明确。而非限制性定语从句在意义上是先行词的一个附加修饰语,对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用;若把它去掉,全句意思仍然清楚。例如:
The girl who stood in the corner just now is my younger sister.
刚才站在角落里的那个姑娘是我的妹妹。
Mary Smith,who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
玛丽·史密斯在那个角落里,她想见你。
第一个例句中的定语从句指明作为主语的“姑娘”不是任何一个,而是在角落的那个。如果去掉定语从句,表达的意思就不明确。第二个例句已经表明主语是谁,定语从句只不过是补充说明一点情况而已。若去掉从句,句子意思仍然完整。
二、形式不同
非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号 而限制性定语从句与先行词之间则无逗号。例如:
He’s the man who lives next door.
他就是住在隔壁的那个人。(从句不可少,从句前无逗号。)
His wife,whom you met at my house,is a teacher.
他的妻子是一位老师,你在我家曾见过她。(从句可有可无,从句前有逗号。)
三、含义不同
限制性定语从句有涉他性;非限制性定语从句有唯一性。例如:
In the class there are ten students who speak English very well.
这个班上有十名英语说得好的学生。(暗示班上不只是十个学生。)
In the class there are ten students,who speak English very well.
这个班上有十名学生,他们英语说得很好。
(非限制性定语从句,表明班上只有十个学生。)
四、 译法不同
在把限制性定语从句译成汉语时,通常在从句的末尾加“的”字,放在它所修饰名词的前边。而在把非限制性定语从句译成汉语时,一般译成一个单独的句子。请看下面例句:
The film that we saw yesterday was very interesting.
我们昨天看的**非常有趣。
Beijing,which is the capital of China,is a very beautiful city.
北京是中国的首都,它是一座非常美丽的城市。
限定性定语从句
1、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who ( 宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where, when,关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成份。
⑴The man who lives next to us sells vegetables 住在我的隔壁的人是卖菜的。
在该句中the man 是先行词,who 是关系代词,引导定语从句who lives next to us在定语从句中,who 作主语。
2、由关系代词who, whom, which, that引导的限定性定语从句。
1)如果先行词是人,则用关系代词who/that; 如果先行词是物,则用关系代词which/that。
⑵The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000
无家可归的人多达25万。
⑶It sounded like a train that was going under my house
它听起来就像是在我的房子下行驶的一列火车。
2)关系代词who, whom, which, that既起联系作用,引导定语从句,使之同它句中的某个名词/代词发生关系,同时又充当定语从句的一个成份。(如作从句中的主语或宾语)。当它们在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略。
⑷The boy(who/whom/that)we saw yesterday was John's brother
我们昨天见到的那个男孩是约翰的兄弟。
⑸The car (which/that)my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake
我叔叔刚买的那辆汽车在地震上毁坏了。
说明:
关系代词whom用来指人,是宾格,常用在书面语中作定语从句的宾语。在口语和非正式文体中,常用who/that来代替whom或省略,如例句4。
3)当关系代词that或which修饰事物,作介词宾语时,如果介词位于关系代词之前,则用which(不能省)而不用that。
⑹The tool with which he is working is called a saw = The tool(that/which)he is working with
is called a saw他干活的那个工具叫锯子(不说…with that…)
⑺The factory in which his father used to work was closed last month = the factory
(that/which) his father used to work in was closed last month
他父亲以前工作过的那家工厂上个月关闭了。
说明:含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。
Is this the watch (which/that)you are looking for
这是你正在找的那块手表吗?
The babies(whom/that)the nurses are looking after are very healthy
那些护士正在照顾的宝宝们非常健康。
被动语态
结构:1行为动词的被动语态: 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词
be有人称时态数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样
一般现在时 am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词
一般过去时 was/were +及物动词的过去分词
一般将来时 will +be +及物动词的过去分词
现在完成时 have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词
2情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词 + be +及物动词的过去分词
否定式:是在助动词 be 或情态动词后加not构成
疑问式:是把上述助动词或情态动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成
被动语态主要的用法
1)我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁(这时 都不带由by引起的短语)。
The book is written for teachers 这种书是为教师写的。
2)动作的承受者是谈话的中心(这时可带有by引起的短语)。
The shop is run by a young man这家商店是由一个年轻人经营的。
3)出于礼貌措辞等方面的考虑不愿说出动作的执行者 是谁。
It is generally considered not advisable to smoke here一般认为在这儿吸烟是不妥当的。
4)被动结构能使句子得到更好的安排。
Liu Dehua appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience刘德华在台上出现,观众给予了热烈的掌声。
5)在汉语中被动结构的句子是很多的,有些带有“被”、 “受”、“由”等词,译成英语时较易想到用被动结构。
①他被选为我班班长。He was elected monitor of our class
但在更多情况下却不带这类标记,这种情况值得特别注意。
②运动会什么时候开? When will the sports meet be held
注 意
点:1只有及物动词能构成被动语态, 不及物动词不能构成被动语态
2某些不及物动词与介词副词搭配构成短语动词,带有宾语时,则有了动作的承受者,这时应把它们看作一个整体,变为被动语态,不能丢掉其中的介词,常用的有look after,take care of,cut down, laugh at,talk about,turn on等
egCatherine always takes care of the little girl
→The little girl is always taken care of by Carherine
3有些动词短语本身即是被动语态的形式, 不要再加by 短语,常用的有
be covered with be surprised at be interested in be worried about
be made of/from be known to
4某些动词形式是主动语态,但含有被动的意思
eg This dictionary sells well This kind of car drives fast The woolen sweater costs $ 88
5主动语态与被动语态的相互变化关系
主动句: 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
(动作执行者) (动作承受者)
被动句: 主语 +谓语动词的被动形式+ by + 动作执行者
(动作承受者)
重点词组的太多了 字数超过限制 我发到给你消息上的
不要和任何人分享你们所有的事,不要和父母汇报发展情况,不要和朋友亲戚分享你们的种种细节,因为这样无形中会让别的人价值和观点影响你。补充一下,尤其是周围那些自己过的并不幸福和睦的人尤其要小心,他们自己都没有成功的经验怎么会告诉你正确的心态。
爱情不是交易,每个人的表达方式不同,要学会找到两个人都能接受的沟通方法和表达方式,太斤斤计较只会消耗彼此的感情,有矛盾了直接见面好好说话,有时撒个娇一个拥抱一个亲吻就能解决所有不稳定的情绪,这样好过拉黑删除持续冷暴力最后火山爆发。
要互相体谅包容,感情是双向的奔赴,很多人因为一点点小事就否定全部甚至上升到原则问题,吵架拉黑删除,两个人在一起走过后半段人生,难免会有点急事误会或者偶尔没照顾好对方情绪,如果对方容忍程度很差,不懂得体谅包容,十件事做对了一件事做得不满意就不依不饶那是人品很差的行为;女生哭的时候男生不要抱怨要给她安慰,男生道歉的时候女生不要翻旧账追问,比如“你错哪了之类的”,给个台阶就下吧,男女思想真的不同。
再补充一个,双方要清楚感情是交流出来的,即便工作再忙也不会忽略自己的另一半,而是会每天专门留一个时间,好好的跟对方交流谈心,交换消息,让感情更加稳固。具备坚定的信念,认定身边人就是相伴余生之人,愿意为了ta付出,也愿意将对方放进自己的未来规划之中,手牵手变成更好的自己。
双方都少提分手,无论对方语言和态度多么激烈,都别把分手挂在嘴边,一旦说出口,逐渐就在内心预设好了分手的可能性,最后真的就可能分了。爱情真的很难得,爱是彼此欣赏,爱是不强迫对方改变自己,希望你们最后都能因为爱情在一起而不是合适。
婚姻中比争吵更可怕的是沉默
都说沉默是金,但是在婚姻中,沉默是非常可怕的杀手,是残酷的冷暴力。婚姻中的两个人,长久保持沉默比剑拔弩张的唇枪舌战要可怕得多。
有时,婚姻中的争吵也是一种沟通方式,只是不能像锅里的菜那样高频次的“炒”。能吵,至少说明两个人还有沟通的意愿和机会,如果一旦两个人或者其中一个开始变得寡言沉默,那情况就有些不妙。
沉默不是默契,沉默是婚姻中杀伤力巨大的冷暴力。
沉默是不想和你说,不愿意和你说,沉默背后的潜台词是无视、是忽略,是心累了、倦了、凉了。如果两个人在一起开始变得越来越寡言越来越沉默,那么,恕我直言,这段婚姻和感情十有八九陷入危机中了。如果想拯救和挽回,两个人要各自从自己身上找原因,而不要一味的去指责对方。
但是,冰冻三尺非一日之寒,解铃还需系铃人,不要让婚姻败给“哀莫大于心死”的沉默。
婚姻里的真实感受只有当事人自己最清楚明了,就像人们常说的:婚姻就像一双鞋子,舒不舒服脚趾头最知道。
外人看别人的婚姻,如雾里看花,看到的都是表象,而真实的婚姻如鱼饮水,冷暖只有自己最清楚。
无论如何,沟通都是解决婚姻问题的关键,也是最佳途径。
打破沉默,好好说话,相信在轻言细语的交流中,彼此都能感受到来自对方的关怀和温暖,别让沉默成为压垮婚姻的最后那根稻草。
所有的夫妻都要尽可能在破坏性还不致于毁灭婚姻的时候做出努力,而不要寄希望于破镜重圆和冰释前嫌。
重圆的只是外观,残缺的破隙永远都无法弥合,冰释的前嫌也还有再度冰冻的可能。
打破沉默,好好说话,叫停数落和教训式沟通,这样只会雪上加霜。
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