高中英语作文高级词汇和短语总结

高中英语作文高级词汇和短语总结,第1张

高中英语作文常用句型

一. 表达观点

1 What I’d like to point out is that…

2 I’m generally convinced that…

3 We have reasons/every reason to believe that…

4 We can therefore come to the conclusion that…

5 It goes without saying that…

6 As far as I’m concerned, …

二. 描绘

1 According to the picture/chart, we can see/conclude that…

2 As is clearly shown in the picture, …

3 The number/amount of … will rise/show a tendency of…

4 It accounts for…

5 The advantages outweigh the disadvantages

6 Evidently it has both negative and positive effects

7 People used to think…, but things are different now

8 There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid drop( rise, increase,decrease,

fall) in demond (income,population,price) that…

9 The figure (percentage, number,) has nearly (almost, more than,clearly) doubled/tripled, compared with that of…

三. 反驳

1 In my opinion, this point of view doesn’t hold water

2 Besides, we should not neglect the fact that…

3 A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is

4 Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that…

四. 解释分析

1 No one can deny that…

2 It can be easily proved that…

3 One thing which is epually important to what is mentioned above is that…

4 We have every reason to believe that…

5 A number of factors can account for the development in…/popularity of…

五. 论证说明

1 A good case in point is…

2 No one can deny the fact that…

3 There is sufficient evidence to show that…

4 According to the statistics, it can be seen that…

5 It has been illustrated that…

六.文章开篇

1 Recently the problem has been brought into focus

2 Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic

3 Recently the issue has aroused great concern among…

4 Nowadays there is a growing concern over…

5 Faced with …, quite a few people argue that…

6 With the arrival of the information age,…

7 There is a growing worldwide awareness of the need for…

8 Some argue/hold that… but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue of…

9 Thanks to China’s reform and opening up policy,…

七.结尾

1 It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop…

2 We might do more than identify the cause; it is important to take action to…

3 Whether it is good or not/positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear that…

4 All the evidence support a sound conclusion that…

八.其他

1 It goes without saying that…不用说, 不言而喻

2 It is universally acknowledged that…大家公认为。。。

3 The evidence shows that the importance of … can’t be overemphasized 证据显示。。。重要性再怎么强调也不过分。

●对比类句型:

1) A is to B what/ as C is to D(A之于B犹如C之于D)

2) Just as, so

3) A and B have sth in common

4) A is similar to B

5) The same is true of,The same can be said of(……也是如此)

6) The advantages of A are much greater than B

7) compared with B, A has many advantages

8) The advantages outweigh the disadvantages(利大于弊)

9) Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too

10) Although A enjoys considerable advantage over, it can not compete with B in

11) Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe that

12) What people fail to consider is that

13) It is one thing to insist that, it is quite another to show that

14) Nothing can rival…(……是无与伦比的)

15) …has drawbacks as well as merits

16) A is superior(inferior) to B

17) varies from person to person(……是因人而异的)

18) A is just the opposite (to B)

19) A differs from B in that…(A不同于B在于……)

20) …is not the same (as)

●过渡性句型:

1) this is true that

2) This is true, no doubt, but

3) also

4) It is one thing to; it is another to

●描写图表和数据的句型

1) rank first (both) in

2) in proportion to

3) A is by far the largest

4) As many as

5) The number is times as much as that of

6) The figure has nearly doubled/tripled, as against that of last year

7) It accounts for 35% of

8) By comparison with , it decreased/increased/fell fromto

9) rise rapidly(slowly)

10) remain level

11) reach

12)There is a slight/slow/steady/rapid rise/increase demand/income/population/prices/production/decrease/decline/reduction/fall/drop in

13) be on the increase/decrease/rise/decline (……在不断的增加,减少,上升,下降)

●图表作文中的过渡、概括句型:

1) As can be indicated in the table,

2) As we could find out later,

3) As is revealed in the table,

4) As the survey results show,

5) This table provides several important points of comparison between,

6) The two graphs depict the same thing in

7) The key findings taken from the surveys are as follows:

8) According to the figures given in the table,

9) This chart shows that

10) As is shown by the graph,

11) It can be seen from the statistics that

12) It is generally believed /accepted/thought/held

●说明原因的句型:

1) There are some/two/many good reasons for/to do

2) We have two good reasons for

3) The reason for is that + 从句

4) Among the most convincing reasons given by people for, one should be mentioned

5) One may think of the trend as a result of

6) The change in largely results from the fact that

7) There are several causes for this significant growth in First

8) A number of factors could account for the

9) It is no simple task to give the reason for

10) The cause of /reason for higher prices was an increase in demand

11) Because/As/Now that/Since the demand has increased, the prices are higher

12) An increase in demand causes/results in/leads to/produces higher prices

13) The demand has increased

14) Therefore,/As a result,/For this reason,/Because of this,/Consequently, the prices are higher

15) If there is an increase in demand, then prices rise/go up /boost/are higher

16) Different people look atin different ways

●表示不同看法的句型:

1) Different people have/hold different opinions/views on the question/problem/matter Some believe that ; Others argue that :Still others maintain that

2) They are quite different from each other in their opinions

3) Some people hold the opinion that it is good to

4) They think quite differently on this question

5) Opinions vary from individual to individual, from culture to culture

●表示必须,紧急,有困难做某事的句型:

1) It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable) for sb to do sth

2) have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth (有困难做某事)

●用于文章开头的句型:

1) Faced with; quite a few people argue that; But other people conceive differently

2) There is a general discussion today about the issue of; Those who object to argue that ;They believe that; But people who favor , on the other hand, argue that

3) Currently there is a widespread concern that

4) Now people in growing number are coming to realize that

5) Now it is commonly held that ; they think ; But I doubt whether

6) Recently the issue of has been brought to public attention

7) One of the great men once said that Now more and more people share this belief

8) Until recently, has been regarded as But people are taking a fresh look at it

9) Sb argues/maintains /holds/insists/believes that

10) More and more people are realizing /have come to realize

11) There is no denying/doubt that

●用于文章结尾的句型:

1) From what has been discussed above/taking into account all these factors, we may safely arrive at/draw/come to/reach the conclusion that

2) It is high time that we put considerable/great/special emphasis on

3) We must look for all immediate method, because the present situation of , if permitted to continue, will sure lead to/result in

4) Many solutions/methods are being offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is quite satisfactory The problem should be examined in a new way

5) There is no immediate solution to the problem of, but might be helpful/beneficial

6) No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of , but the general awareness of the necessity/importance of might be the first step on the right way

7) There is little doubt/denying that

8) It is, therefore, obvious/evident that the task ofrequire immediate attention

9) As far as be concerned, I believe/think that

10) In conclusion,

11) In my opinion, I am in favor of

12) Personally, I prefer to

13) In short, should learn to; Only in this way can the most difficult problems be solved properly

14) As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that

●用于论证和说明的句型:

1) We may cite/quote/take a single/common example to illustrate

2) Our society abounds with the examples of

3) A recent study indicates/suggests/shows that

4) According to the statistics provided by, it can be seen that

5) There is good/sufficient evidence to show that

6) This brings out/set forth the important fact that

7) No one can ignore/overlook the fact that

●常用谚语 (在议论文中):

1) As a popular saying goes, “Every coin has two sides”

2) As a proverb says, “Everything has two sides” On the one hand, physical exercise is good for your health On the other hand, if you don t deal with it properly, it will do harm to your health So we should look at the matter from two sides

3) As a proverb says, “Where there is a will there is a way” (有志者事竟成)

4) As a popular saying goes, “A man is known by the company he keeps”(观其交友,知其为人)

5) As is known to all, “No pains, no gains”(没有苦,就没有甜)

●辩论中常用的句型:

1) There is no doubt that

2) It is obvious/clear that

3) As is known to all,

4) (It s) no wonder (难怪) He didn t work hard and no wonder he lost his job

5) It goes without saying that (不用说,不成问题,很自然……)

6) What is more important,

7) I am convinced that (我深信……)

  摘 要:在新课改背景下,人们越来越关注情感因素,作为情感因素之一,焦虑对语言学习具有重要影响。文章从心理学和外语学习的视角,探讨焦虑产生的原因及其对教学的影响,提出了减轻英语学习焦虑的对策,促进第二语言的学习。

关键词:情感因素;焦虑;英语教学;新课改

1引言

认知和情感这两个部分在高中英语教学中起着很重要的作用。但长期以来,受应试教育的影响以及社会对学生情感生活的忽略,高中英语教学中仍然存在着重视认知而忽视情感的不合理现象。导致学生对英语学习不感兴趣,成绩两极分化明显。这样极大的影响了我国的英语教学质量,同时又制约着广大学生情感的健康发展。但近几年随着对学习者个体学习差异的研究,情感因素受到了越来越多的关注。2001年,我国颁布了《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》,把情感态度视为影响学生学习和发展的重要因素,要求教师在教学中重视情感因素,提高教学效果。语言学习中的情感因素大致可以分为两类:第一类是学习者的个别因素,包括焦虑、态度、动机、个性、自尊与自信等;第二类是学习者与学习者之间以及学习者与教师之间的情感因素,包括移情、课堂交流、跨文化意识等等(Arnold,1999)。而焦虑在外语课堂中显得尤为突出。本文通过探讨分析焦虑产生的原因,提出在中学英语课堂上如何有效的控制学生的焦虑情绪从而促进英语教学。

2文献综述

21 理论基础

早在20世纪20年代,西方的人本主义心理学家和教育家就提出了情感(affective domain)与认知(cognitive domain)一样是教育的重要内容和目标。他们在教育实践中倡导以学习者经验为中心,让学习者进行有意义的自由学习。人本主义的观点突出了情感在教学活动中的地位和重要作用,形成了一种新的教学模式,这种模式是以知情协调活动为主线、以情感作为教学活动的基本动力。从70年代起,语言教学理论家们开始认识到情感因素在语言学习方面的作用。美国的克拉申(Krashen)提出情感过滤假说(The Affective Filter Hypothesis)。克拉申认为,影响外语学习的情感因素包括动机、态度、兴趣和焦虑,情感作为学习者内部的心理因素,对语言输入有着过滤的作用,该过滤作用直接作用于学习者接受输入的多少。如果学习者学习的动力大,自信心强,那情感对于语言输入刺激的过滤作用就小,学习者所获得的输入就多,而当语言习得没有动机,学习者缺少自信心或心情焦虑时,情感障碍就会增强,情感障碍量会增加,允许进入语言习得过程的输入量就减少。

22 国内外相关研究

Maclntyre 和Gardner(1991),Young(1991),Oxford(1995)及Horwitz(1986)等语言教育学家们对焦虑与学生成绩、考试、口头和书面表达、自信心、课堂环境等因素之间的关系做了一系列的研究。

国内的相关研究有:王初明教授指出影响外语学习的两大因素:一是情感,一是母语。情感是学习的发动机,出现障碍会导致学习的停顿,王银泉就外语成绩和外语焦虑的关系进行了研究。(2001),陈瑶、李长江分析了外语学习的焦虑感对大学生英语口语能力的影响(2007)。但焦虑感对于中学阶段英语学习的影响的相关研究却很少。

3焦虑产生的原因

在国内外的语言学习的研究中,焦虑长期以来被认为是语言学习中最大的情感障碍。心理学家认为:焦虑是一种带有不愉快色调的情绪反应,它通常指人们对危险、威胁、需要等亟待努力改变或满足而又无能为力时的一种苦恼的强烈预期,其中含有着急、挂念、忧愁、紧张、恐慌等成分。Horwitz等指出:外语学习焦虑是语言学习所特有的一种复杂的心理现象,指与课堂语言学习有关的,在语言学习过程中产生的独特而复杂的自我认识、信念、情感以及行为。外语课堂学习焦虑由三部分组成,一是交际恐惧(communication apprehension);二是对否定评价的恐怕(fear of negative evaluation);三是考试焦虑(test anxiety)(Horwitz,1986)。

31学习者的性格因素

学习者个体差异的一个方面就是学生的性格差异。外向性格者往往表现为活泼开朗,热情大方,不拘小节,善于交际,情感外露,反应迅速,易适应环境变化,不介意别人的评价;内向性格者则往往表现为以自我为出发点,深沉稳重,办事谨慎,思考周到,但反应缓慢,不善交际,适应环境困难,很注重别人对自己的评价。而外语是一门实践性极强的课程,有很多语言交流。所以相对而言,内向的学生更容易产生焦虑,特别是在口语表达时。

32英语学科特点

英语是一种复杂的语言。不同于我们每天接触到母语。英语单词量大,记忆单词感到困难。英语语言形式多样,语法繁杂。同时在英语课堂上,一般用目标语授课,学生精神高度紧张,担心听不懂老师所说的内容,焦虑感相比其他课程更加明显。

33人际交往引起的焦虑

自尊心不强和竞争是引起个人和人际交往焦虑的两大原因。自尊不高的人在乎别人的看法,总想取悦别人,他们老觉得别人学得比自己好。当他们没学好时,其他的同学会瞧不起自己。此外在英语课堂上学生不能用英语有效交流,或害怕发音错误,也是引起焦虑的原因。

34 教师因素

有些教师认为自己在教室必须威严,学生感到课堂气氛沉重。还有的教师对待学生错误的态度是有错必纠,因此学生害怕回答问题时犯错误,害怕当着同学的面被纠正错误,从而产生焦虑感。同时教室的身势语,如批评性的眼神、表情也可导致学生的焦虑。

35考试

学习者因为担心考试成绩不理想而产生焦虑,这种焦虑反过来又影响学习者在考试中的正常发挥,导致成绩不理想,从而形成一种恶性循环,容易导致英语学习,考试恐惧症的发生。

4对外语教学的启示

41 建立融洽的师生关系,创设轻松的课堂氛围

古语云:“亲其师才能信其道”。教师只有用满腔的爱去换取学生的亲近和信任。教师应以学习者为中心,建立一个友好和谐的课堂环境。众所周知,健康愉快的氛围能化消极情感因素为积极情感因素,从而提高外语学习效率。因此, 教师应该在课上注意观察学生,适时地组织一些互动式,合作性的课堂活动。

教师在课上应该多鼓励,表扬,少用批评的语气。过多的批评会导致学生的语言焦虑增高,而相应的鼓励、表扬则会降低学生的语言焦虑水平。

42激励学生学习动机,增强学生学习自信心

动机是学习的源泉和动力。胡壮麟曾说过:“学好英语,在一般情况下可用如下原则描述:动因+兴趣→决心→持之以恒→见效。”帮助学生确定学习的短期和中期目标,激发英语学习的兴趣。

在课堂上开展合作学习,以小组学习和以任务学习为主的模式,鼓励学生通过小组活动互相帮助,共同完成任务。教师在个小组间巡视,特别留意那些内向不爱交流的学生,帮助学生获得与他人合作与交际的能力,也让学生在轻松,活泼的气氛下消除焦虑,取得成功,增强信心。

43 端正学生对考试的态度

考试只是检验学生学到何种程度的一种手段,而不是学习的最终目的。学生还应该正确对待考试,不要把考试看得过重。考试分数高的学生不一定能力就强,考试分数低的学生也不一定能力就低。同时,教师也要正确对待学生的分数,不要过于强调分数,不要把分数作为衡量学生学习水平的唯一标准。

44保持适度的焦虑水平

研究表明,焦虑程度与学习效率之间的关系呈倒U型。也就是说,适度的焦虑有助于激发学习者的动机,取得良好的学习效率,这是促进性焦虑。而焦虑水平过高或过度,则对学习不利。过高,就会使人过度紧张,从而极大地约束人的认知能力;过低,又易使人缺乏紧张,对学习持无所谓的态度,激不起学习的热情和学习者的责任心,从而体现出一种退缩性焦虑。因此,教师要根据不同阶段,不同学习内容和目的,学生自身的知识和技能,制定适合学生的学习内容和活动,合理使用各种策略,使学生焦虑水平保持在一定的限度内。

5结语

通过本文对语言焦虑产生原因及其对语言学习影响的论述,我们认识到学习者个人的性格学习环境、师生关系、考试等都可能引起语言学习中的焦虑心理。外语学习焦虑是个非常复杂的现象,涉及到诸多因素。教师要对焦虑这一情感因素给予足够的重视,正确认识焦虑对外语学习的影响,有针对性的采取一些措施,从而产生良好的教学和学习效果。

参考文献:

[1]Horwitz, EK Foreign Language classroom anxiety [J]The Modern Language Journal,1986(21):125-132

[2]Ganschow,L, Sparks,R Anxiety about foreign language learning among high school women[J]The Modern Language Journal,1996(80)

[3]Young,DJ Language anxiety from the foreign language specialist’s perspective: Interviews with Krashen, Omega Hadley, Terrell, Radian[J]Foreign Language Annals,1992,(25):157-172

[4]王初明影响外语学习的两大因素与外语教学[J]外语界,2001(6):8-11

[5]王银泉外语学习焦虑及其对外语学习的影响[J]外语教学与研究,2001(2):122-126

[6]陈瑶,李长江 浅析外语学习的焦虑感对大学生英语口语能力的影响[J]东北大学学报,2007(9):185-188

作者简介:周璐(1986--),女,汉,湖南衡阳,西华师范大学外国语学院2011级硕士研究生,专业:学科教学(英语),研究方向:英语教学。

一、接不定式(而不接动名词)作宾语的24个常用动词

afford to do sth 负担得起做某事

agree to do sth 同意做某事

arrange to do sth安排做某事

ask to do sth 要求做某事

beg to do sth 请求做某事

care to do sth 想要做某事

choose to do sth 决定做某事

decide to do sth 决定做某事

demand to do sth 要求做某事

determine to do sth 决心做某事

expect to do sth 期待做某事

fear to do sth 害怕做某事

help to do sth 帮助做某事

hope to do sth 希望做某事

learn to do sth 学习做某事

manage to do sth 设法做某事

offer to do sth 主动提出做某事

plan to do sth 计划做某事

prepare to do sth 准备做某事

pretend to do sth 假装做某事

promise to do sth 答应做某事

refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事

want to do sth 想要做某事

wish to do sth 希望做某事

注:有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词:

aim to do sth 打算做某事

fail to do sth 未能做某事

long to do sth 渴望做某事

happen to do sth 碰巧做某事

hesitate to do sth 犹豫做某事

struggle to do sth 努力做某事

二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词

advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事

allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

ask sb to do sth请(叫)某人做某事

bear sb to do sth忍受某人做某事

beg sb to do sth 请求某人做某事

cause sb to do sth 导致某人做某事

command sb to do sth 命令某人做某事

drive sb to do sth 驱使某人做某事

elect sb to do sth 选举某人做某事

encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事

expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事

forbid sb to do sth 禁止某人做某事

force sb to do sth 强迫某人做某事

get sb to do sth 使(要)某人做某事

hate sb to do sth 讨厌某人做某事

help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事

intend sb to do sth 打算要某人做某事

invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事

leave sb to do sth 留下某人做某事

like sb to do sth 喜欢某人做某事

mean sb to do sth 打算要某人做某事

need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事

oblige sb to do sth 迫使某人做某事

order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事

permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事

prefer sb to do sth 宁愿某人做某事

request sb to do sth 要求某人做某事

remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事

teach sb to do sth 教某人做某事

tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事

train sb to do sth 训练某人做某事

trouble sb to do sth 麻烦某人做某事

want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事

warn sb to do sth 警告某人做某事

wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事

六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的12个动词

like to do sth / like doing sth 喜欢做某事

love to do sth / love doing sth 喜欢做某事

hate to do sth / hate doing sth 憎恨做某事

prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth 宁可做某事

begin to do sth / begin doing sth 开始做某事

start to do sth / start doing sth 开始做某事

continue to do sth / continue doing sth 继续做某事

can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth 不能忍受做某事

bother to do sth / bother doing sth 麻烦做某事

intend to do sth / intend doing sth想要做某事

attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth 试图做某事

cease to do sth / cease doing sth 停止做某事

八、可接双宾语的38个常用动词

(1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词

award sb sth = award sth to sb 颁奖给某人

bring sb sth = bring sth to sb 把某物带给某人

hand sb sth =hand sth to sb 把某物递给某人

lend sb sth = lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人

mail sb sth = mail sth to sb 把某物寄给某人

offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 将某物给某人

owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 欠某人某物

pass sb sth = pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人

pay sb sth = pay sth to sb 付给某人某物(钱)

post sb sth = post sth to sb 把某物寄给某人

read sb sth = read sth to sb 把某物读给某人听

return sb sth = return sth to sb 把某物还给某人

send sb sth = send sth to sb 把某物送给某人

sell sb sth = sell sth to sb 把某物卖给某人

serve sb sth = serve sth to sb 拿某物招待某人

show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿某物给某人看

take sb sth = take sth to sb 把某物拿给某人

teach sb sth = teach sth to sb 教某人某物

tell sb sth = tell sth to sb 告诉某人某情况

throw sb sth = throw sth to sb 把某物扔给某人

write sb sth = write sth to sb 给某人写信

(2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词

book sb sth = book sth for sb 为某人预定某物

buy sb sth = buy sth for sb 为某人买某物

choose sb sth = choose sth for sb 为某人选某物

cook sb sth = cook sth for sb 为某人煮某物

draw sb sth = draw sth for sb 为某人画某物

fetch sb sth = fetch sth for sb 为某人去取某物

find sb sth = find sth for sb 为某人找到某物

fix sb sth = fix sth for sb 为某人准备某物

get sb sth = get sth for sb 为某人拿来某物

make sb sth = make sth for sb 为某人做某物

order sb sth = order sth for sb 为某人订购某物

pick sb sth = pick sth for sb 为某人采摘某物

prepare sb sth = prepare sth for sb 为某人准备某物

save sb sth = save sth for sb 为某人留某物

sing sb sth = sing sth for sb 为某人唱某物(歌)

spare sb sth = spare sth for sb 为某人让出某物

steal sb sth = steal sth for sb 为某人偷某物

注:有的动词后接的双宾语易位时,既可用介词to引出间接宾语,也可用介词for引出间接宾语,含义相同,如bring,play等:

Bring me today’s paper = Bring today’s paper to [for] me 把今天的报纸拿给我。

He played us the record he had just bought = He played the record he had just bought for [to] us 他放了他刚买的唱片给我们听。

有的动词后接的双宾语易位时,即可用介词to引出间接宾语,也可用介词for引出间接宾语,含义不同,如leave等:

They left me no food = They left no food for me 他们没给我留一点食物。

My uncle left me a large fortune = My uncle left a large fortune to me

我叔叔死后留下一大笔财产给我。

而有的动词后接双宾语时,既不能用介词to引出间接宾语,也不能用介词for引出间接宾语,如allow, ask, cause, charge, cost, forgive, refuse等:

He allows his son too much money 他给他儿子的钱太多。

He asked me some questions 他问了我一些问题。

This caused me much trouble 着给我带来了许多麻烦。

He charged me five dollars for a cup of tea 他一杯茶向我要了5美元。

His mistake cost him his job 他的错误让他丢了工作。

I envy you your good luck 我羡慕你的好运。

They forgave him his rudeness 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。

He refused her nothing 她要什么就给什么。

九、可用于“动词+sb+of sth”的8个常见动词

accuse sb of sth 控告某人犯某事(罪),指责某人做某事

cheat sb fo sth 骗取某人某物

cure sb of sth 治好某人的病,改掉某人的坏习惯

inform sb of sth 通知某人某情况(事)

remind sb of sth 使某人想起某情况(事)

rid sb of sth 使某人摆脱某物

rob sb of sth 抢劫某人的某东西

warn sb of sth 警告某人有某情况

十、可用于“动词+sb+for doing sth”的8个常见动词

blame sb for doing sth 指责某人做某事

criticize sb for doing sth 批评某人做某事

forgive sb for doing sth 原谅某人做某事

excuse sb for doing sth 原谅某人做某事

pardon sb for doing sth 原谅某人做某事

punish sb for doing sth 惩罚某人做某事

scold sb for doing sth 指责(责备)某人做某事

thank sb for doing sth 感谢某人做某事

十一、可用于“动词+sb+into doing sth”的9个常见动词

cheat sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事 trick sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事

food sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事 force sb into doing sth 迫使某人做某事

argue sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 talk sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事

terrify sb into doing sth 威胁某人做某事 frighten sb into doing sth 吓唬某人做某事

persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事

十二、容易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词

误:deal a problem 正:deal with a problem 处理问题

误:depend sb 正:depend on sb 依靠(依赖)某人

误:insist doing sth 正:insist on doing sth 坚持要做某事

误:knock the door 正:knock on [at] the door 敲门

误:operate sb 正:operate on sb 为某人做手术

误:participate sth 正:participate in sth 参加某事

误:refer sth 正:refer to sth 查阅(参考)某物

误:rely sb / sth 正:rely on sb / sth 依靠(依赖)某人(某物

误:reply a letter 正:reply to a letter 回信

注:在某些其他用法中,以上有的动词也可能及物,如insist, reply等动词后可接宾语从句,operate表示“操作”、“管理”等时则及物。

十三、容易误用作不及物动词的8个及物动词

误:serve for sb 正:serve sb 为某人服务

误:marry with sb 正:marry sb 与某人结婚

误:discuss about sth 正:discuss sth 讨论某事

误:mention about sth 正:mention sth 提到某事

误:enter into a room 正:enter a room 进入房间

误:contact with sb 正:contact sb 与某人联系

误:equal to sth 正: equal sth 等于某物

误:ring to sb 正:ring sb 给某人打电话

注:有个别词在用于其他意义时,可以是不及物的,如enter into可以表示开始进入或从事某一状态或活动,或用于较抽象的概念。如:

The country entered into a state of war 这个国家进入战争状态。

I can enter into your feelings at the loss of your father 我理解你失去父亲后的心情。

The two old men entered into a long conversation 两位老人开始长谈起来。

十四、17个常用“be+形容词+about”结构

be angry about 为……生气 be anxious about 为……担忧

be careful about 当心…… be certain about 确信……

be curious about 对……好奇 be disappointed about 对……失望

be excited about 对……感到兴奋 be glad about 对……感到高兴

be happy about 为……感到高兴 be hopeful about 对……抱有希望

be mad about 对……入迷 be nervous about 为……感到不安

be particular about 对……讲究 be sad about 为……而难过

be serious about 对……认真 be sure about 对……有把握

be worried about 为……担忧

十五、10个常用“be+形容词+at”结构

be angry at 为……生气 be bad at 不善于……

be clever at 擅长于…… be disappointed at 对……失望

be expert at 在……方面是内行 be good at 善于……

be mad at 对……发怒 be quick at 在……方面敏捷

be skilful at 在……方面熟练 be slow at 在……方面迟钝

十六、18个常用“be+形容词+for”结构

be anxious for 渴望 be bad for 对……有害,对……不利

be bound for 前往 be celebrated for 以……出名

be convenient for 对……方便,在……附近 be eager for渴望

be famous for 因……闻名 be fit for 合适,适合

be good for 对……有益(方便) be grateful for 感谢

be hungry for 渴望得到 be late for 迟到

be necessary for 对……有必要 be ready for 为……准备好

be sorry for 因……抱歉 be suitable for 对……合适(适宜)

be thankful for 因……而感激 be well-known for以……出名

十七、6个常用“be+形容词+from”结构

be absent from 缺席,不在 be different from 与……不同

be far from 离……远,远远不 be free from 没有,免受

be safe from 没有……的危险 be tired from 因……而疲劳

十八、13个常用“be+形容词+in”结构

be concerned in 与……有关 be disappointed in 对(某人)感到失望

be engaged in 从事于,忙于 be experienced in 在……方面有经验

be expert in 在……方面是行家 be fortunate in 在……方面幸运

be honest in 在……方面诚实 be interested in 对……感兴趣

be lack in 缺乏 be rich in 富于,在……方面富有

be skilful in 擅长于 be successful in 在……方面成功

be weak in 在……方面不行

十九、18个常用“be+形容词+of”结构

be afraid of 害怕 be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧

be aware of 意识到,知道 be capable of 能够,可以

be careful of 小心,留心 be certain of 确信,对……有把握

be fond of 喜欢 be free of 没有,摆脱

be full of 充满 be glad of 为……而高兴

be nervous of 害怕 be proud of 为……自豪

be short of 缺乏 be shy of 不好意思

be sick of 对……厌倦 be sure of 肯定,有把握

be tired of 对……厌烦 be worthy of 只得,配得上

整理了一下才发的,有些没用的整理掉了

感叹句

感叹句:一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how”引导,“what”和“how”与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。 感叹词 修饰对象 感叹部分 主语 谓语+其他! How(副词) 修饰形容词 How nice How nice a girl the girl she is! is! 修饰副词 How well How hard the boy the workers Is swimming! are working! 修饰动词 How =what the flowers How =how fast She she he he Loves the flowers! loves! runs! runs! What(形容词) 修饰单数可数名词 What a nice girl =How nice a girl Jenny Jenny Was! was! 修饰复数可数名词 What nice girls They Were! 修饰不可数名词 What fine weather what dirty water It he Is! drank!

 感叹句的特殊形式 感叹句还可由陈述句、疑问句、祈使句,甚至一个词组及单词构成。例如: There was no face showing! He's such a nice boy! The Great Wall is a magnificent building! Isn't it snowing heavily! Wonderful! Nonsense! Happy New Year to you! Cheer!

疑问句

疑问句(Interrogative Sentence) : 定义:表达疑问(亦即发问)或请求的句子叫做疑问句。例: Is he a friend of your brother's (他是你哥哥的朋友吗?--发问) Can you do this for me (你能替我做这件事吗?--请求) 疑问句的句末必须使用问号(Question mark)“?”来标示问句的结束。 疑问句:可分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句和否定疑问句。 种类 特征 语调 举例 回答 一般疑问句 系+主+表+? 助动词+主+动+? 升调 Are you from London

 Do you speak Russian 用yes, no回答 特殊疑问句 疑问词+系+表+? 疑问词+助+主+动+? 降调

How are you feeling When will you get there 直接回答,不用yes或no

 选择疑问句 一般问句:系+主+表+…or…? 助+主+动+…or…? Or前升调。Or后降调 Is he tall or short Does he stay home or go there 直接回答问句中一个,不用yes, no

 特殊问句:疑问词+系+主+…or…? 第一部分用降调,第二部分or 前升调,or后降调 Which is bigger, the sun or the moon Who runs faster, Tom or Peter 选一个答案,不用yes, no 反意疑问句 陈述部分肯定:陈述,助(系)+not+主? 陈述部分用降调,一问部分用升调 It is raining, isn't it You did it, didn't you 答案肯定时用yes,否定时用no 陈述部分否定:否定陈述句,助(系)+主+? 如对陈述肯定,可用降调 It isn't fine, is it They haven't come, have they 否定疑问句 系+not+主+表? 助+not+主+动+? 表示惊异用升调。赞叹、责难用降调 Aren't they beautiful Won't you come in for a minute

名词

1名词复数的规则变化 情况 构成方法 读音 例词 一般情况 加 -s  1清辅音后读/s/; 2浊辅音和元音后读 /z/; book---books bag---bags car----cars 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词 加 -es 读 /iz/  bus-buses watch-watches 以ce,se,ze, (d)ge等结尾的词 加 -s 读 /iz/  license-licenses 以辅音字母+y结尾的词  变y 为i 再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies

 2名词复数的不规则变化 1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。 如: two Marys the Henrys monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays 比较: 层楼:storey ---storeys  story---stories 2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时: a 加s,如: photo---photos  piano---pianos radio---radios  zoo---zoos; b 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs safe---safes  gulf---gulfs; b 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves; c 均可,如: handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 3不可数名词数的表示方法 1)物质名词 a 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 比较:Cake is a kind of food 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数) b 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。 This factory produces steel (不可数) We need various steels (可数) c 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。 Our country is famous for tea Two teas, please 请来两杯茶。 我国因茶叶而闻名。 2) 抽象名词有时也可数。 four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。 如: a glass of water 一杯水 a piece of advice 一条建议 4定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数,但也有例外。 1) 用复数作定语。 如: sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室  talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages school外语学校 2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如:men workers  women teachers gentlemen officials 3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。 如:goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产 4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如:two-dozen eggs 两打/(二十四个鸡蛋) a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan 一个五年计划 5不同国家的人的单复数 名称 总称(谓语用复数) 一个人  两个人 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 瑞士人 the Swiss  a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人 the Australians  an  Australian two Australians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian  two Italians 希腊人         the Greek a Greek two Greeks 法国人       the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人     the Japanese a Japanese  two Japanese 美国人     the Americans an American two Americans 加拿大人    the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 印度人       the Indians an Indian two Indians 英国人      the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人        the Swedish a Swede two Swedes 德国人       the Germans a Germans two Germans 6名词的格 在英语中有些名词可以加“‘s”来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下: 1)单数名词词尾加“'s”,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“'s”,如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。 2)若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加“’”,如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。 3) 凡不能加“‘s”的名词,都可以用“名词+of +名词”的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。 4)在表示店铺或教堂名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。 5) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”;只有一个's,则表示’共有‘。 如:John's and Mary's room(两间)  John and Mary's room(一间) 6) 复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。

高中英语常用词组荟萃

A

词语 解释

above all 首先,首要

according to 根据

act upon each other 相互作用

adapt oneself to 使自己适应……

adapt to 适应

add to 把…加入

add up to 合计达

address oneself to 向…讲话;与…通信

a few (表示肯定)有些,几个

a great quantity of (接可数或不可数)大量

a good deal of (接不可数名词)许多,大量

a large amount of (接不可数名词)大量

a little (表示肯定)一些,一点点

a lot of (接可数、不可数名词) 大量的,许多

a number of (接可数名词)若干,许多

above all 首先,首要,尤其是

after all 毕竟,终究

ahead of 在…前面,先于

all but 几乎,差一点;除了…都

all of a sudden 忽然

all over 到处,遍及;全部结束。

all right 令人满意的;(健康)良好的;好,行,可以

in all 总共,共计

all the same 仍然,照样地;

all the time 一直,始终

and so on 等等

apart from 除…之外(别无);除…之外(尚有)

as as 像,如同,与…一样

as far as 远到;就…而言,至于

as follows 如下

as for 至于,关于

ask for leave 请假

as long as 只要,如果;既然,由于

as soon as 一…就,刚…便

as though 好像,仿佛

as to 至于,关于

as usual 照例,像平常一样-

as well 也,又

as well as 除…之外(也),既…又

ask for 请求,要求

at a loss 困惑不解,茫然不知所措

at all (用于否定句)丝毫(不),一点(不)

at all costs 不惜任何代价,无论如何

at all events 不管怎样,无论如何

at any rate 无论如何,至少

at ease 舒适(地),安逸(地)

at first 最初,起先

at hand 近在手头,在附近

at last 终于

at least 至少

at most 至多,不超过

at no time 从不,决不 。

at once 马上,立刻;同时,一起

at present 目前,现在

at the cost of 以…为代价

at the moment 此刻,目前

at the same time 同时;然而,不过

at the sight of 一看见…就

at the thought of 一想到…就

B

词语 解释

back and forth (前后)来回地,反复地

back up 支持;倒退

be absorbed in 专心于,精神贯注于

be described as 被描写成

be in favor of 支持

be made up of 由…组成,由…构成

be short of 缺少,不足;未达到

bear in mind 记住(某事)

because of 因为,由于

before long 不久以后

be worth doing sth 值得做某事

beyond the question 毫无疑问,确定无疑

both and 既…又…,不但…而且

break down 损坏,抛锚

break in 破门(窗)而入;打断,插嘴

break into 强行闯进

break off -中断,中止

break one's leave ;超假

break out (战争等)爆发;使逃脱,使逃走

break through 突破,突围

break up 打碎;终止,结束

bring about 带来,引起,导致

bring forward 提出(建议等)

bring in to effect 使生效,实行

brmgin to operation 实施;使运行

bring out 使…显示出来;出版

bring up 教育,培养

build up 逐步建立、增强,增进

but for 倘没有,要不是

by accident 偶然

by air 通过航空途径;用无线电

by all means 尽一切办法,务必

by and by 不久,迟早

by chance 偶然,碰巧

by far 得多,最(修饰比较级和最高级)

by means of 用,凭借

by mistake 错误地,无意中(做了某件错事)

by no means 决不,并没有

by oneself 单独地,独自地

by the way 顺便地,附带地说说

by way of 经过,经由;通过…的方法

C

词语 解释

call for 要求,需要;邀请

call off 取消

call on 访问,拜访;呼吁,号召

call up 打电话;召集

cannot help doing 禁不住,忍不住

capable of 有…能力(或技能)的;能…的

cannot too 越…越好,再…也不过分

care forr 照顾,照料;喜欢

carry forward 发扬;进行

carry off 拿走,夺去…的生命

carry on 继续

carry out ,执行,贯彻;进行(到底)

catch sight of 看到,发现

catch up with 赶上

cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人的某物

check in 办理登记手续,报到

check out 结账后离开,办妥手续离开

cheer up 高兴起来,振作起来

clear up 清理;使变清;放晴

come around 苏醒;顺便来访

come in handy for sth 某物迟早有用

come on (表劝说,鼓励等)来吧,走吧;开始

come out 出版,发表;显现,出现;结果是

come through 经历…仍活着

come to 苏醒;共计,达到

come to an end 结束

come true 实现

come up 出现,走上前来

come up with 追上,赶上;提出

compare to 把…比作,把…与…比较

count for little 轻视

count on 依靠,指望

cut down 砍倒;消减;缩短

cut in 打断,插嘴;(汽车)超车抢档

cut off 切掉;切断;阻隔

cut out 删掉,割去

cut short 缩短, 删节

D

词语 解释

deal with 做买卖;处理;论述,涉及 —

decide on 考虑后选定或决定

die down 变弱,逐渐消失 —

die out 消失,灭绝

do away with 废除,去掉

do a favour 帮助某人

draw in (火车、汽车)进站

araw up 起草,制订

dream of 梦到;梦想,向往

dress up 穿上盛装,精心打扮

drop in 顺便(非正式)访问

drop out 退学,退出

due to 由于,因为

E

词语 解释

each other 互相(多用作宾语)

elther or 或…或,不是…就是…

end up 结束,告终

even if /though 即使,虽然

every now and then 时而,偶尔

every other 每隔一个

except for 除了…外

F

词语 解释

face to face 面对面(的)地;对立地

fail to do . 没能做…

fit a new suit on sb 给某人试穿新衣服

fit in with 适合、符合;适应

G

词语 解释

get across 使通过;使被理解

get along 过活;相处(with);进展

get down 从…下来;着手进行;写下

get into 对…发生兴趣;卷入;进入

get off (从…)下来;逃脱惩罚

get on 骑上(马、自行车等),登上(车、船、飞机等);有进展

get on with 与…友好相处;继续干

get out 离去,退出(组织等);(消息等) 泄漏

get over 克服(困难等);从(疾病、失望、震惊等)中恢复过来

get rid of 处理掉;摆脱

get through 完成;打通电话;通过(考试)

get up 起床;起立

give in 屈服;让步

give off 发出或放出(蒸气等)

give out 分发;发出(气味等)

give up 放弃;投降

give way to 让位于;给…让路

go after 追逐,追求;设法得到

go ahead 开始,进行;前进,领先

go along with 赞同,附合,支持

go around (消息)流传;足够分配

go down 下去;(船等)下沉;下降

go for 去请,去取;赞成

go in for 从事于;酷爱;追求

go into 进入;调查;从事

go into action 开始行动

go into effect 实施,生效

go on 继续下去,进行

go out 熄灭,停止运转;过时

go over 检查;复习

go through 遭受,经历;检查,审查

go up 上升,(物价等)上涨;被炸毁,被烧毁

go wrong 出错;发生故障,出毛病

grow up 成熟;成年;发展

H

词语 解释

had better 应该,还是…好

had rather than 宁愿…(而不是)

hand in 交上;递上

hand out 分发,散发

hand over 交出,移交

hang on 抓紧不放;坚持下去;(电话不挂) 等一会儿

hang up 把…挂起来;挂断(电话)

have an advantage over 胜于,优于

have in mind 记在心里;考虑到,想到

have nothing to do with 和…毫无关系

have (something) to do with 和…(有点)关系

head for 朝…方向走去

help oneself 自取所需(食物等)

hold back 踌躇,退缩不前;阻止

hold sth back from sb 向某人隐瞒某事

hold on 握住不放;坚持;(打电话用语) 等一会儿

hold on to 紧紧抓住;控制,克制

hold up 举起;耽搁;延迟

hurry up (使)赶快;匆匆完成

hurt one's feelings 伤害某人感情

I

词语 解释

if only 只要;要是…就好

in a hurry 急于,忙于 ’

in a sense 从某种意义上

in a way 在某种程度上,从某一点上看

in a word 简而言之,一句话

in addition to 除…之外(还)

in advance 预先,事先

in any case 无论如何,不管怎样

in brief 简单地说

in case of 假如,如果发生;防备

in charge of 负责,主管

in common 共有的,共用的

in debt 欠债

in detail 详细的

in effect 实际上,事实上

in fact 事实上,其实

in favour of 支持,赞成

in front of 在…前面

in general 一般说来,大体上

in half 成两半

in honour of 为向…表示敬意;为纪念,为庆祝

in no case 无论如何不,决不

in no time 立即,马上

in no way 决不

in one's mind eye 在…看来

in order 按顺序;整齐

in order to 为了(做某事)

in other words 换句话说,也就是说

in part 部分地

in particular 特别,尤其

in person 亲自

in proportion to 与…成比例

in public 公开地,当众

in question 正在谈论的

in relation to 有关,涉及

in return (for) 作为(对…的)回报、交换

in short 简言之,总之

in sight 看得见,在视线之内;在望

in spite of 不管,不顾

in store 储藏着;准备着;必将发生、就要到来

in that 因为

in the course of 在…期间,在…过程中

in the end 最后,终于

in the face of 在…前面;不管,即使

in the future 在将来

in the way 挡道,“妨碍某人

in time 及时;最后,终于

in touch 联系,接触

in turn 依次地,轮流地;转而,反过来

in vain 徒劳,白费力

in stead of .替代,而不是

J

词语 解释

judging by/from 从…判断

just now 刚才,才不久;现在,眼下

join in 参加,加入;和…在一起

K

词语 解释

keep an eye on 留意,照看

keep in mind 记住

keep in touch with 与…保持联系

keep it up 坚持

keep on 继续进行,反复地做

keep one's word 守信用

keep sth in one's mind 牢记某事

keep to 坚持;固守(习惯等)

keep up with 跟上,不落后

kill off 消灭,杀光

knock down 撞倒;击倒

knock out (拳击中)击倒,击昏

L

词语 解释

laugh at 因…而发笑;嘲笑

lay aside 把…搁置一旁;留存,储存

lay down 放下;铺设(铁路);制定(计划等)

lay out 布置,安排,设计;摆出,展开

lead to 通向;导致,引起

learn by heart 记住,背诵

learn from 学习,向…学习

leave behind 丢弃;留下;忘记携带

leave off (使)停止,停下来

leave out 忽略,遗漏;省略

et alone 更别提;不打扰

let off 排放;放(炮),开(枪)

let out 放掉(水等),发出

lie in 在于

line up 排队,使排成一行

little (表示否定,不可数)没多少

little by little 一点一点地,逐渐地

live on 靠…生活;以…为食

live through 经历过;度过;经受住

live up to 无愧于;做到;符合

long before 在…以前很久

long for 渴望

look after 目送;照料,照顾

look at 看;看待

look back 回头看;回顾

look down on /upon 蔑视,看不起

look for 寻找,寻求;指望,期待

look forward to 盼望,期待;预期,预料

look into 观察;调查;查阅

look on 旁观;观看

look out 留神,注意

look over 仔细检查,细看;察看,巡视

look through (从头至尾)浏览;详尽核查;温习

lay out 布置,安排,设计;摆出,展开

lead to 通向;导致,引起

learn by heart 记住,背诵

learn from 学习,向…学习

leave behind 丢弃;留下;忘记携带

leave off (使)停止,停下来

leave out 忽略,遗漏;省略

let alone 更别提;不打扰

let off 排放;放(炮),开(枪)

let out 放掉(水等),发出

lie in 在于

line up 排队,使排成一行

little (表示否定,不可数)没多少

little by little 一点一点地,逐渐地

live on 靠…生活;以…为食

live through 经历过;度过;经受住

live up to 无愧于;做到;符合

long before 在…以前很久

long for 渴望

look after 目送;照料,照顾

look at 看;看待

look back 回头看;回顾

look down on /upon 蔑视,看不起

look for 寻找,寻求;指望,期待

look forward to 盼望,期待;预期,预料

look into 观察;调查;查阅

look on 旁观;观看

look out 留神,注意

look over 仔细检查,细看;察看,巡视

look through (从头至尾)浏览;详尽核查;温习

M

词语 解释

make a Fire 生火

make for 走向,向…前进;导致,促成

make fun of 嘲笑;开…玩笑

make one's way 去,前进,前往

make out 写出,开列;看出,辨认出

make sense 讲得通,有意义,言之有理

make sure 查明,务必要做到

make up 组成,构成;编造,虚构;化妆

make up for 补偿,弥补

make up one's mind 下定决心,打定主意

make use of 使用,利用

masses of 大量的

mix up 拌和;混淆

more or less 或多或少,左右;有点儿

N

词语 解释

neither nor 既不…也不…

no doubt 无疑地

no less than 不少于,多达

no longer . 不再,已不

no more 不再

no more than 不多于,至多

no sooner than 一…就

not only but also 不但…而且

nothing but 只有;只不过

now and then 时而,不时

now that 既然,由于

O

词语 解释

of course 当然,自然

off duty 下班

on a small/large scale 小(大)规模地

on account of 由于,因为

on average 平均;通常;普通

on board 在船(或车、飞机等)上

on business 因公出差

on duty 值班,当班

on earth 究竟,到底

on foot 步行

on guard 站岗,警戒

on occasion (s) 有时,间或

on one's own 独立地,靠自己地

on purpose 故意,有目的地

on sale 出售;廉价出售

on the contrary 正相反

on the one hand 一方面

on the other hand 另一方面

on the spot 在现场,当场

on the whole 总的来说,大体上

on time 准时

once again 再一次

once in a while 偶尔

once upon a time 从前

once more 再一次,又一次

one another 相互

one the other 一个…另一个…

open fire 开火

or else 否则,要不然

or so 大约,左右

other than 不同于;除了

out of 在…外;离开…;缺乏

out of breath 喘不过气来

out of control 失去控制

out of date 过时的,不用的

out of doors 在户外

out of order 出故障;秩序混乱

out of place 不在适当的位置;不相称的、格格不入

our of sight 看不见,在视野之外

out of the question 毫不可能

out of work 失业

over and over 一再地,再三地

P

词语 解释

pass away 去世

pass On 把…传给别人

pay attention to 注意

pay back 偿还(借款等);回报

pay for 付款;偿还

pay off 还清(债款);取得成功

pick out 选出,挑出;辨认出,分辨出

pick up 捡起;(车等)中途搭人;学会

play apart (in) (在…中)扮演角色;(在…中) 起作用

play fire ,玩火

plenty of 许多,大量

point out 指出,指明

prior to 在前,居先,比…在先

pull in (车)进站;(船)到岸

pull into (车等)进入,驶入

pull out 拔出,抽出;(车、船等)驶出

put aside 储存,保留

put away 把…收起,放好

put down 记下;放下;镇压

put forward 提出(要求、事实等)

put into practice 实行,实施

put off 推迟,拖延

put on 穿上;上演

put out 熄灭;关(灯);公布,出版

put to use 使用 -

put up 举起;建造;张贴

put up with 忍受,容忍(讨厌的人)

Q

词语 解释

quite a few 相当多,不少

R

词语 解释

rather than 宁愿…(而不);不是…(而是)

refer to as 把…称作;把…当作

regardless of 不顾,不惜

remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事

result from 是(由)…造成

result in 起,导致;结果是

right away 立即,马上

ring off 挂断电话;停止讲话

ring up 打电话

rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物

run into 偶然碰见;遇到(困难等);共计

run to (of) 用完,耗尽

run over (跑)过去、撞倒;溢出

run through 跑着穿过;刺穿;贯穿

S

词语 解释

see off 为某人送行

see through . 看破、看穿

see to 负责,注意,照料

send for 派人去请;召唤;索取

send off 寄出;为…送行;解雇

set about 开始,着手

set a fire to 给…烧把火

set apart 使分离;使显得突出

set aside 留出,拨出;不理会,置于一边

set back 推迟,延缓,阻碍;使花费

set down . 制订…;放下…

Set free 释放

set off 出发,起程;激起,引起

set out 动身,起程;开始

set up 创立,建立,为…作好准备; 竖起,建造

settle down 定居;安下心来

show off 炫耀,卖弄

show up 来到,露面

side by side 肩并肩地,一起

slow down /up 放慢速度;减速

so as to 如此…以至于

so far 迄今为止;到这种程度

so /as far as…(be) concerned 就…而言

so long as 只要,如果;既然,由于

some others 一些其余的…

sooner or later 迟早,早晚,或迟或早

no sooner than 一…就…

stand for 是…的缩写,代表,意味着;主张,支持

stand out 引人注目;杰出,出色

stand up 起立;(论点、证据等)站得住脚

stick to 粘贴在…上;紧跟,紧随;坚持;忠于;信守

such as 例如,诸如

suit well with 很相称、彼此很协调

sum up 总结,概括

switch off /on .(用开关)关掉/开启

T

词语 解释

take for 把…认为是,把…看成是

take advantage of 利用,趁…之机

take after (在外貌、性格方面)与(父、母)相像

take apart 拆卸,拆开

take away 拿走;减去

take down 取下;记下;拆卸

take for 把…认为是,把…看作是

take for granted 认为—.—理所当然;(因视作当然而) 对…不予以重视

take in 欺骗;领会,理解

take into account 把…考虑进去

take off 脱下(衣帽等);起飞

take on 承担,呈现(面貌)

take one's time 不着急,不慌忙

take out 扣除

take over 接受,接管;借用,承袭

take part in 参加,参与

take place 发生,进行,举行

take the place of 代替,取代

take turns 依次,轮流 -

take up 开始从事;占去,占据

tell from 辨别,分辨

the moment (that) 一…(就)

thanks to 由于,多亏

think of 想到,记得;想一想,考虑,关心

think of as 把…看作是,以为…是

think over 仔细考虑

throw away 扔掉,抛弃

to a certain degree /extent某种程度

to the point 切中要害,切题

touch on 谈及,提及

try on 试穿

try one's best 尽力,努力

try out 试用,试验

turn down 拒绝;关小,调低

turn in 上床睡觉;交还,上交

turn into 使变成,使成为

turn off 关(水源等);拐弯

turn on 开,旋开(电灯等)

turn one's back on 不理睬

turn out 关掉(收音机等);生产,制造;驱逐;结果是

turn out to be + adj 结果是

turn over 仔细考虑

turn to 变成;求助于,借助于

turn up 出现,来到;开大,调大

U

词语 解释

under control 处于控制之下

undergo experiences 经历,体验

under the circumstances 在这种情况下,(情况)既然如此

up to (数量上)多达;(时间上)直到; 取决于

up to date 现代化的,切合目前情况的

use up 用完,耗尽

W

词语 解释

wait for 等候,等待

wait on 服侍(某人)

warm up (使)暖起来;(使)变热

wash up 洗餐具;洗手洗脸

watch out for 密切注意;戒备,提防

wear out 穿破,用坏;(使)疲乏,(使)耗尽

What about (征求意见时)怎么样

What if 如果…将来会怎么样

whether or 是…还是…,不管…还是

wipe out 彻底摧毁,消灭

with regard to 关于,至于

within reach 伸手可及

with respect to 关于,至于

with the exception of 除…之外

without question 毫无疑问,毫无异议

work out 算出;想出,制定出

would rather ( than) 宁可,宁愿(…则不愿)

take sb's arm

挽住某人的胳膊

take sb in one's arms

拥抱某人

take hold of sth

抓住某物

take sb in the act

当场逮捕某人

take a town

攻占一座城市

take cold

着凉

take sb's fancy

占有某人的心

take (the) first place

居首位, 得第一

take sbat a disadvantage

乘人不备; 乘人之危

be taken ill

患病

take sb by surprise

冷不防出现; 突然接近

take letters to the post

寄信

take the luggage upstairs

把行李搬上楼

take a friend home in one's car

用汽车把朋友送回家

take a holiday

休假

take a day off

请一天假

take a chair

坐下 take 100

dollars a month

每月工资100美元

take medical advice

听取医生意见

take driving lessons

学习驾驶

take the air

呼吸新鲜空气

take a wife

[古]娶妻

take one's chance

碰运气

take a chance on sth

冒险试做某事

take it from me (=take my word for it)

相信我; 我保证; 我这话你可以相信

be able to take it

能忍受得住(痛苦, 惩罚, 攻击等)

take a newspaper

订阅报纸

take a cottage course

[美](大学生)毕业前结婚

take sth down in shorthand

用速记记下某事

take photographs

拍照

take one's time

不匆忙, 不急于, 慢慢来; 浪费时间, 拖延, 磨洋工

take a lot of doing

费事, 费力; 需要努力[技巧]等

take one's temperature

测量体温

take sb's measure

测量某人身长; [喻]看穿某人

take things coolly [calmly]

处之泰然, 不激动

take sth ill [amiss]

对某事表示不高兴

take the blame

担负过失[责任]

take the throne

接受王位

take steps

采取步骤

take socialist road

走社会主义道路

take office

就职

take a train

坐火车

Who has taken my bike

谁把我的自行车拿走了

lt takes an hour to go there

到那里去要花一个小时。

It takes two to make a quarrel

[谚]一个巴掌拍不响, 两个人才吵得起来。

Do you take me for a fool

你以为我是个傻瓜吗

Don't take it so seriously

别把这件事看得这么严重。

Do you take me

你懂我的意思吗

If you take 3 from 10 you have 7

十减三剩七。

be taken in one's prime

夭亡

He takes as heir

他以继承人身分获得财产。

The dye doesn't take in cold water

那种染料在冷水中不起作用。

His second novel did not take

他的第二部小说不畅销。

He took sick

他生病了。

Nothing took from the scene's beauty

什么也不能减损这景色的美。

She does not take well

她不上相。

The horse took to roadside

马走到路旁。

a large take of fish

捕到很多的鱼

pull in a take

获得一些收入

takeapart

adj

可以拆散的

takeaway

adj

(饭菜)卖出外吃的, 外卖饭菜的

take-down

n

拆卸

[口]失面子

take

adj

可拆卸的

take-home

n

(=take-home pay)实得工资

take-in

[`teIkIn]

n

[口]欺骗, 欺诈

takeout

n

(桥牌中)示意搭档改叫的叫牌

取出的东西[数量]

把成品从模子取出的自动装置; (餐馆)外卖菜

adj

(食物)供顾客带出外吃的

take-over

n

接收, 接管, 接任

be taken aback

大吃一惊, 惊得目瞪口呆, 吓了一跳

(船)突然遇到逆风

be taken back

大吃一惊, 惊得目瞪口呆, 吓了一跳

(船)突然遇到逆风

be taken with

对很喜爱; 被迷住, 被吸引

be taken by

对很喜爱; 被迷住, 被吸引

double take

先是不注意接着大吃一惊

先是怔着接着恍然大悟的反应

not taking any

[口]谢绝, 不接受, 没有那种兴趣 去做

on the take

[美俚]接受贿赂; 敲诈, 伺机损人利已

take after

学的榜样, 仿效

追赶, 追捕

take against

反对; 不喜欢

take amiss

因而见怪; 误会, 误解

take apart

使分开, 拆开

严厉批评; 猛烈抨击

严格剖析

粗暴对待; 严厉惩罚; 彻底打败

take as read

认为不必宣读(会议记录等); 认为不必谈论或听取(某事)

宣称对满意; 声称对没有意见

take away

拿走; 夺走; 拆去

使离开; 带走

使消失, 消除(病痛等)

减去

把买回家食用

take back

收回(前言), 承认说错了话; 取消(诺言)

同意退回, 收回(商品); 接回, 带回

使回到某一起点; 使回想起

take down

拿下, 取下

记[录]下来

挫其气焰

拆掉

吞下, 咽下

病倒

[口]欺骗(某人)

take five

[美口]休息五分钟[十分钟], 小憩

take ten

[美口]休息五分钟[十分钟], 小憩

take for

以为(某人或某物)是

take from

减去; 减损; 降低

take home to oneself

充分理解, 深刻领会

take in

收进, 接受; 装入, 收容, 接待

领(活)到家里做

缩短; 改小; 收(帆), 卷(帆)

领会, 理解

观看, 参观, 游览

[口]轻信, 信以为真

[口]欺骗

订阅(报刊)

包括[含]

拘留

take it

猜想, 以为; 断定

[口][常与 can, be able to 连用]忍受得住(痛苦、批评、困难, 嘲笑等)

默然同意, 接受

take it all in

注意倾听; 全部听进

take it and like it

[美俚]不太甘心 地 忍受批评(嘲笑等)

take it or leave it

要么接受, 要么拉倒; 要不要 随你的便

take it out in

接受作为抵偿

take it out of sb

使 某人虚弱, 使某人精疲力竭

(=takeit out on sb)找某人出气[泄愤]

take me not up before I fall

[苏口]在你回答我以前, 先听我说完

take off

取[脱]下; 拆下; 切除

(=take oneself off)[口]走掉; 滚开

带往(某处); 移送(某处)

减(价)

取消, 夺去的生命, 杀死

[口]摹仿, 学的榜样; 取笑

(飞机)起飞

移开(目光, 注意力)

停止演出

去掉, 扣除

复制; 绘制

take off after (=take after)

追赶, 追捕

take on

具有,呈现(某种性质、特征等)

担任(工作), 承担(责任)

雇用

接受的挑战; 同较量

[口]伤心; 激动

装出某种样子

[口]流行, 风行; 受欢迎

接受(乘客); 装载

take out

取出, 拔 出; 除掉(污迹等), 擦去

邀(某人)出门, 带去

取得, 领 到(专利权, 执照等)

律发出(传票), 传讯

摧毁, 消除

把买出食用

启程, 出发

take out of

取出, 除去; 要赔偿; 报仇

take out after

[take after]追赶, 追 捕

take over

接收[管, 任]

把载送到

仿效, 采用

把移入下一行

take sb unawares

使 某人出其不意, 攻其不备

take sb up on

接受某人的(邀请, 挑战等)

要求某人兑现

take sb short

突然袭击某人; 使 某人大吃一惊

唐突地打断某人的话

take sb up short

突然袭击某人; 使 某人大吃一惊

唐突地打断某人的话

take sb wrong

误解[曲解]某人的意思

take sth up with sb

(口头或书面)向某人反映某事; 就某事向某人提意见

take to

爱, 喜欢

嗜好, 沉迷于, 养成的习惯

逃到, 借助逃 走

开始从事

take too much

[口]喝过多(酒), 喝 醉

take up

举[拿, 捡, 拔]起

占(地方); 费(时间); 占据

接纳(乘客); (船)承装(货物)

吸收(水 分); 溶解

打断某人的话; 责备, 申斥

开始; 着手处理

对发生兴趣; 开始从事, 开始学

把(某人)置于自己的庇护之下; 收于(门下), 提携

继续, 接下去 说

逮捕

扎紧, 绕紧; 改短(衣服)

接受(建议, 挑战等)

(学校)开学; 上课

定居, 安家

付清, 认购(公债); 募(捐)

[口](天气)变晴, 变好

take up with

和交往[鬼混]

一心一意想, 醉心于

信以为真; 采用, 接受

[常用被动态]对很喜爱

甘受, 忍 受

take upon oneself

以为己任; 主动承担(责任等); 把(过错)归咎自己

擅自; 毅然, 大胆

take on oneself

以为己任; 主动承担(责任等); 把(过错)归咎自己

擅自; 毅然, 大胆

take us as you find us

我们就是 这样, 请你将就些吧

辩析:

(1)take 系常用词, 指“拿、握、取", 如:

take sb's hand

握住某人的手。

(2)seize 指“突然用力地抓住、握住", 如:

The policeman seized a criminal suspect

警察捉住一个嫌疑犯。

(3)grasp指“紧紧地抓住", 用于比喻意义时指“掌握",“领会", 如:

grasp a rope

握紧绳子。

(4)clutch 指“突然抓住", 常伴有“急切或害怕的心情", 如:

A drowning man will clutch at a straw

将要溺死的人连一根稻草也要去抓。

(5)grab指“抢夺"、“攫取", 如:

The boy grabbed the apple and ran off (with it)

那孩子抢了那个苹果就跑了。

(6)snatch 指“突然快速地拿、取、夺、抢走", 如:

The hawk snatched the chicken and flew away

老鹰叼了小鸡就飞走了。

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