高考英语语法动词辨析考点总结
一、辨别拼写相近的词语
这类动词有:lie(位于,在), lie(散谎)与lay(放置,下蛋); find(找到,发现)与found(成立,建立); share(分享)与spare(抽出,匀出,腾出)等。如:
Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare—you must learn to ________ (全国卷)
A support B care
C spare D share
分析答案选D。让Harry和你玩你的玩具,这是“分享(share)”。
二、动词与主语的搭配
1 All the leading newspapers ________ the trade talks between China and the United States (全国卷)
A reported B printed
C announced D published
分析答案选A。“主要报纸”report(报道)“中美贸易会谈”。print(印刷); announce(宣布); publish(出版)。
2 Words ________ me when I wanted to express my thanks to him for having saved my son from the burning house (上海卷)
A failed B left
C discouraged D disappointed
分析答案选A。words fail me是惯用语,与I cannot find words相当,意为“我无法用语言来表达(自己的感情等)”。
三、动词与介词的搭配
1 As we joined the big crowd I got ________ from my friends (全国卷)
A separated B spared
C lost D missed
分析答案选A。只有separated能与from连用:get / be separated from与…分散了。
2 Mary finally ________ Bruce as her life-long companion(伴侣) (上海卷)
A received B accepted
C made D honored
分析答案选B。能与as搭配的有accept和honor,但由句思可知用accept:accept…as…认可…是…;honored…as…尊敬…为…。
四、动词与名词的搭配
1 The three sisters decided to hold a family party to ________ their parents’ silver wedding (上海春招)
A celebrate B memorize
C congratulate D welcome
分析答案选A。动词celebrate(庆祝)与名词their parents’ silver wedding(父母亲的银婚)搭配恰当。memorize记住;congratulate祝贺;welcome欢迎。
2 A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night (江苏卷)
A advised B attended
C attempted D admitted
分析答案选C。the attempted murder企图谋杀犯。advise建议;attend出席,注意,照顾;attempt企图;admit允许某人进来,接受某人入学,容纳,承认。
3 If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to ________ their names and address (全国卷)
A pass B write
C take D leave
分析答案选D。leave their name and address留下姓名和地址。
4 If no one ________ the phone at home, ring me at work (全国卷)
A returns B replies
C answers D receives
分析答案选C。answer the phone / the door bell接电话 / 听到门钤后去开门。
5 The captain ________ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather (全国卷)
A made B said
C put D passed
分析答案选A。make an apology to sb for sth 因某事给某人道歉。
6 I learned to ________ a bicycle as a small boy (全国卷)
A drive B ride
C operate D run
分析答案选B。ride a bicycle / horse骑自行车 / 马 drive a car开(驾驶)汽车 operate(或run) a machine / a factory开动机器 / 管理工厂;run a car / bicycle开得起或使用汽车或自行车(run:拥有和使用)。
7 —When shall we start —Let ________ it 8:30 Is that all right (北京卷)
A set B meet
C make D take
分析答案选C。“make it +时间”意为“就定在什么时间吧”。
8 —The cars give off a great deal of waste gas into streets
—Yes But I’m sure something will be done to ________ air pollution (上海卷)
A reduce B remove
C collect D warn
分析答案选A。reduce air pollution降低污染。remove移开; collect收集; warn警告。
五、近义词的细微差别
这类动词有:表示“看”的see, watch, notice, observe, glance, stare;表示“说”的say, speak, tell, talk;表示“花费”的spend, cost, take, pay;表示“变化”的turn, get, become, go, grow; 表示“适合”的suit, fit, meet, satisfy; 表示“继续 / 延续”的continue, last, keep; 表示“收到 / 接受”的receive, accept; 表示“携带”的bring, take, fetch, carry等。如:
1 On hearing the news of the accident in the local mine, she ________ pale (湖北卷)
A got B changed
C went D appeared
分析答案选C。go作系动词,多指人或事物变得不好的场合,如:go bad / sour / mad / blind / pale (食物) 变质 / 变酸 / 变疯 / 变瞎 / 变得苍白,但不与old, tired, ill, angry等词连用。get常用于口语,多指身体、天气、情感等方面的变化,如:get well / fat / cold / angry / worried变好 / 变胖 / 变冷 / 生气 / 忧虑;appear作系动词,意为“好像、似乎”;change不作系动词,后面不接形容词。
2 Happy birthday, Alice! So you have twenty-one already! (天津卷)
A become B turned
C grown D passed
分析答案选B。因为turn可以表示“达到或超过(某个年龄或时间)”,而其它几个不能。句意是:艾丽丝,祝你生日快乐!你已经满21周岁了。另外,turn和become后都可接名词,但turn后的单数名词前通常不要冠词;become表示业已完成,所以表示将来要用be或make代替;grow着重渐变的过程,且多指由小变大或由少变多,反之则用become。
3 The evening news comes on at seven o’clock and ________ only thirty minutes (四川卷)
A keeps B continues
C finishes D lasts
分析答案选D。因为keep指保持某种状态,不用来指持续多入;finishes是短暂性动词,不与时间段连用;continue虽可指持续多久,但时间段前通常要用for;而last表示持续多久,其后的时间段前通常省略for。
4 If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would ________ (浙江卷)
A act B help
C serve D last
分析答案选B。因为serve(服务)和last(持续)很容易排除。help意为“有帮助,有用,减轻,补救”;而act则意为“起作用,生效(=produce an effect; work)”。显然,前者是起好作用,而后者则不一定,因此,B。
5 —How about eight o’clock outside the cinema (全国卷)
—That ________ me fine
A fits B meets
C satisfies D suits
分析答案选D。fit (=be the right size or shape for) 指衣物鞋帽等的形状大小“合适,合身”; satisfy指“达到”要求或“符合”条件、“满足”需要 / 欲望 / 好奇心等;meet (=satisfy),指“符合、满足”需要 / 要求 / 条件 / 愿望等;suit表示“符合”某人的需要或要求 (=satisfy)、衣服或发型等“适合于”某人 (=look attractive on sb )、“对某人方便或合某人心意”(=be convenient for sb )。句意是:那对我很方便或这很合我的意。
6 John was late for the business meeting because his flight had been ________ by a heavy storm (辽宁卷)
A kept B stopped
C slowed D delayed
分析答案选D。delay在句中意为“使…迟到 / 延误”(=cause sb to be late),另外还有“推迟”(=put off)之意。keep使某人耽搁或耽误(=hold back, prevent);stop使停止或阻止;slow使变慢或减速(=make or become slower)。
7 —Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls
—Yes They have better players, so I ________ them to win (全国卷)
A hope B prefer
C expect D want
分析答案选C。根据“他们有更优秀的运动员”,可以“预料(expect)”他们会赢,而不是 “更喜欢(prefer)”或 “想要 (want)”他们赢。hope不可接sb to do sth 。
8 ________ him and then try to copy what he does (全国卷)
A Mind B Glance at
C Stare at D Watch
分析答案选D。模仿前需要“观察(watch)”,而不是“快速地看一下(glance)”或“盯着看(stare)”,更不是“照看(mind)”。
9 They ________ the train until it disappeared in the distance (全国卷)
A saw B watched
C noticed D observed
分析答案选B。由until可知,要用延缓性动词,排除A和C;watch表示“注视,观看”活动变化的人或物,observe表示“仔细观察(=watch careful)”。
10 —What did you think of her speech
—She ________ for one hour but didn’t ________ much (全国卷)
A spoke; speak B spoke; say
C said; speak D said; say
分析答案选B。speak除可接表示语言的名词作宾语外,一般作不及物动词,且着重说话的动作过程;say是及物动词,着重说话的内容。第一空后无宾语,用spoke,第二空后有代词much作宾语,用say。
11 Some passengers complain that it usually ________ so long to fill in travel insurance documents (上海卷)
A costs B takes
C spends D spares
分析答案选B。能用形式主语句式的只有cost和take;又因cost一般只以钱作宾语,而take既可用钱又可用时间作宾语。
12 It seems difficult to ________ “hurt” from “injure” in meaning (上海春)
A judge B tell
C divide D separate
分析答案选B。四个选项都可与from搭配,要从各自的意义去区分:tell A from B分辨A和B。judge A from B根据B来判断A;divide / separate A from B把A和B分隔 / 分离开。
(13)—May I speak to Mr Thoms, please
—I’m afraid he isn’t in Would you like to ________ a message (上海卷)
A take B write
C leave D tell
分析答案选C。leave a message留个口信;take a message for sb 给某人捎个口信。
六、在特定语境中考查动词的意义与用法
试题所给四个选项在意义或用法上相差较大,需要根据上下文的意思,即语境来确定一个正确选项。如:
1 —How do you ________ we go to Beijing for our holidays
—I think we’d better fly there It’s much more comfortable (福建卷)
A insist B want
C suppose D suggest
分析答案选D。从答语I think we’d better…可知,上文是在征求意见或请提建议,所以选D。
2 —Will $200 ________
—I’m afraid not We need at least 50 more dollars (湖北卷)
A count B satisfy
C fit D do
分析答案选D。从答语可知,是问是否“够了”,表示“够了,合适”,要用do ( =be enough, be suitable)。
3 They see you as something of a worrier, ________ problems which don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them (重庆卷)
A setting B discovering
C seeing D designing
分析答案选C。根据句意“他们把你看成是一个杞人忧天的人,常常考虑一些并不存在的问题,为那些尚未发生的事情而烦恼。”可知,只有see才有“考虑”之意。set设置;discover发现;design设计。
4 The taxi driver often remains passengers to ________ their belongings when they leave the car (全国卷)
A keep B catch
C hold D take
分析答案选D。乘客下车时,司机提醒乘客把自己的东西“带走(take)”。
5 I love to go to the seaside in summer It ________ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea (全国卷)
A does B feels
C gets D makes
分析答案选B。由good可知应选系动词,排除A和D;躺在阳光下或在凉爽的海水里游泳“感觉(feel)”真好,而非“变得(get)”好。
6 You’re ________ your time trying to persuade him; he’ll never join us (全国卷)
A spending B wasting
C losing D missing
分析答案选B。可接time (in) doing sth 的有spend(花费)和waste(浪费);由“他决不会加入我们”可知“你试图劝服他”是“浪费(waste)”时间。
7 I can ________ you to the market in my car (全国卷)
A send B pick
C ride D take
分析答案选D。由in my car可知是“我”用车带你去市场,表示“带某人到…”用take sb to…。send送或派(但本人是不去的),与in my car矛盾。
8 —Mummy, can I put the peaches in the cupboard
—No, dear They don’t ________ well Put them in the fridge instead (北京卷)
A keep B fit
C get D last
分析答案选A。指食物保持良好,用keep。fit合身; get变成; last持续多久。
9 Have a good rest; you need to ________ your energy for the tennis match this afternoon (北京卷)
A leave B save
C hold D take
分析答案选B。save (=keep sth for future use)储蓄。save one’s energy / strength积蓄力量 / 留着劲儿。leave离开,留下;hold保持(姿态)。
10 —Why haven’t you bought any butter
—I ________ to, but I forgot about it (北京卷)
A liked B wished
C meant D expected
分析答案选C。由but I forgot about it 可知“原本打算”去买的,表示“打算做某事”用mean to do sth。
11 Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ________ his boss (北京卷)
A serves B satisfies
C promises D supports
分析答案选B。句意:Nick要找另一份工作,因为他感到他做的没有一样事使老板满意的。表示“使某人满意”用satisfy sb 。
12 The thing that ________ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not (上海卷)
A matters B cares
C considers D minds
分析答案选A。matter(=is important)要紧、重要。that matters是定语从句。
七、动词的句型搭配
1 They’ve ________ us $150,000 for the house Shall we take it (湖南卷)
A provided B supplied
C shown D offered
分析答案选D。能接双宾语的只有show和offer,但show sb sth ( 给某人看某物)与句意不符,只有offer正确。顺便说说,此句与《朗文英汉双解词典》offer词条中的一个例句几乎一样:They’ve offered us $75,000 for the house Should we take it
表示“给某人提供某物”的句型是:provide / supply sb with sth ;或provide sth for sb / supply sth to sb。
2 We ________ each other the best of luck in the examination (全国卷)
A hoped B wanted
C expected D wished
分析答案选D。选项中能接双宾语的只有wish。want / expect (sb ) to do sth ;hope to do sth 或hope that…
3 Go and join in the party ________ it to me to do the washing-up (上海卷)
A Get B Remain
C Leave D Send
分析答案选C。leave sth to sb 把某事物留给某人。题中it是形式宾语,真宾语是to do…
4 The manager has ________ to improve the working conditions in the company (上海卷)
A accepted B allowed
C permitted D agreed
分析答案选D。选项中只有agree后可以接to do,表示“同意做…”。
5 I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s to ________ be quite a good one (全国卷)
A said B told
C spoken D talked
分析答案选A。sb / sth be said to…据说某人或某物…。
一.主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如:
a)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm你不去看那场**真可惜。
b)Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
c)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace 谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型)
d)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型)
2用it作形式主语的结构
(1)Itis+名词+从句
Itisafactthat…事实是…
Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸
Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识
(2)Itis+形容词+从句
Itisnaturalthat…很自然…
Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…
(3)Itis+不及物动词+从句
Itseemsthat…似乎…
Ithappenedthat…碰巧…
Itappearsthat…似乎…
(4)It+过去分词+从句
Itisreportedthat…据报道…
Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…
Itissaidthat…据说…
3主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:
(1)if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)Itissaid/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek
错误表达:ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweekissaid
(3)Ithappens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:Itoccurredtohimthathefailedintheexamination
错误表达:Thathefailedintheexaminationoccurredtohim
(4)Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot
错误表达:Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening
错误表达:Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely
4what与that在引导主语从句时的区别
what引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that则不然。例如:
a)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright
b)Thatsheisstillaliveisaconsolation
二.宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
1作动词的宾语
(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),例如:
Iheardthatbejoinedthearmy我听说他参军了。
(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句,例如:
a)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened 她不知道发生了什么。
b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2作介词的宾语,例如:
Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3作形容词的宾语,例如:
Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
注意:that引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等。也可以将此类词后的that从句的看作原因状语从句。
4it可以作为形式宾语
it不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如:
Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
5后边不能直接跟that从句的动词
这类动词有allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:
正确表达:Iadmiretheirwinningthematch
错误表达:Iadmirethattheywonthematch
6不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,denounce,advise,congratulate等。例如:
正确表达:Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman
错误表达:Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman
7否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。例如:
Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
三表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外,常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。例如:
1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime
2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople
3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses
4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus
四同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:
1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople
2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral
为您整理的中考英语时态总结,希望对大家有所帮助!
一、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别:
A 过去进行时表某一行为的“片断”,一般过去时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。
例如:I was reading the book at that time (未读完,“读”的片段);I read the book yesterday (已读完,表整个“读”)。
B一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用。
例如:He was writing a letter the whole afternoon (短暂动词与持续时间连用,表反复、连续发生,不可用一般过去时)。
Cwhile 引导的时间状语从句中,用短暂动词时只能用进行时。例如:He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down
二、英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时(不用现在进行时和过去进行时)。
A表心理状态、情感的动词:love 、hate、like、care、respect 、please、prefer、know 等。若用进行时则词意改变。例如:I’m for get ting it (=beginning to forget )。
B表存在、状态的动词,如:appear、exist、lie、remain、stand、seem等。
C表感觉的动词see、hear、feel、smell、sound、taste
D表一时性的动词accept、allow、admit、decide、end、refuse、promise等。
[示例] 考题1 As she ____the newspaper,Granny ____ asleep
A read /was falling B was reading /fell
C Was reading /was falling D read/fell
分析: 时间从句的动作长,而“入睡”动作短,故前者用过去进行时,而较短动词用一般过去时,选B。
考题2 Tom ___ into the house when no one ___
A slipped/was looking B Had slipped /looked
C slipped/had looked D was slipping /looked
分析:此题先要理解好when,表“此时”,说明主句中slipped是较短行为,而look是较长行为的片断,即汤姆溜进房子,此时没人瞧见,故选A为正确。
三、一般过去时和现在完成时的区别。
一般过去时只表示过去某时发生的动作和状态。现在完成时则强调到目前为止动作的完成和结果,与现在的情况有联系,对现在也有影响。
需要特别注意的是:
A刚做过的事,用现在完成时态,当说明或者询问做事的时间、地点时,要用一般过去时。例如he has watched the football match She watched it last Saturday 她看了那场足球赛,她是上周六看的。
Bhave / has been to a place 表示某人曾经去过或者到过某地。have / has gone to a place表示某人说话时已经离开此地,或在去某地的路途中或者已经到了某地。例如:Frank has gone to Tibet 弗兰克已经去西藏了。Frank has been to Tibet twice 弗兰克已经去过西藏2次了。
经典考题:---Is that Jack speaking ---Sorry, he isn"t in right now He______ the cinema with his aunt
A has been to B has gone to
C have been to D have gone to
(显然Jack不在现场,答案选B)
四、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别:
过去完成时与现在完成时两者的用法基本相同,但现在完成时以现在的时间为基点, 而过去完成时则以过去的时间为基点,与现在无关,是过去的过去。
I have finisheed my homework (表示说话时作业已经做完了)
By four o’clock, I had finished my homework
初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在语法上的区别:如ie, arrive, come, go, join, leave, buy, begin, get, start, become, borrow 等均为瞬间动词,在现在完成时态中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has joined the army他参军了。He has been in the army for a year他参军已经一年了。(换成可以延续的动词)He joined the army a year ago(用过去时)
经典考题:LinLin has come He_____ here for half an hour
A has been to B has gone to
C has gone D has been
(把come转化成be here, 答案选D)
五、三种一般将来时的区别
1will +动词原形构成的将来时表示主观意愿,未经事先精心计划或打算可用于各种人称
Eg1 There is someone at the door I will go and open it
Eg2 Who will go and help that poor old man
2be going to +动词原形强调计划,安排要发生的事或有迹象要发生的事
Eg1He is going to buy a new car next week
Eg2Look at the dark clouds, I think it is going to rain soon
3shall +动词原形构成的将来时主语通常是I或 we并且在肯定句中常被will +动词原形构成的将来时代替,但在疑问句中Shall I…/ Shall we… 常用来征求对方意见
Eg1 Shall I /we going fishing tomorrow
Eg2 When shall we meet
4用于条件句时, be going to 表将来;will 表意愿
If you are going to make a journey, you"d better get ready for it as soon as possible
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror
六、“过去时态”与“宾语从句”(直接引语变间接引语)
宾语从句有三个要点:
1语序:一律使用陈述语序,也就是:(主句)+ 连词 + 从句主语 + 从句谓语+
2引导词
若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;
若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether;
若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等)
3时态
如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时;
例:I think I will do better in English this term (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。)
如果主句是过去时,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。
例:The teacher asked the boy if the earth is round (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。)
直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
下面,我们来看看,在主句是过去时的情况下,从直接引语变为间接引语的时候,时态都有怎样的变化呢
时态变化
直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时
现在进行时过去进行时
现在完成时过去完成时
一般过去时过去完成时
过去完成时过去完成时
一般将来时过去将来时
605情态动词讲解
一can 1表"能力"I can lift the stone I can speak English while he can't Who can play the violin He got up early yesterday so that he could catch the early bus
could 表过去的能力。
注;1。can 与be able to表能力时的区别:
① 形式上;can有两种形式can 与could,而be able to有更多的形式。
is(are)able to, was able to ,, has been able , will be able to , would be able to 等。
be able to 只表能力而can 还可表"可能性","惊异","许可"等。
② could与was able to表过去能力的差别:均表过去的能力,但was(were)able to还可表业已成功的行为(即:动作确实做了)。
2.表"许可"You can go now You can use my dictionary You can have a rest
-Can I smoke here
-No, you can't
注:用could代替can在疑问句中,语气客气委婉,但在时间上还指现在Could you lend me your bike Could you tell me how to get to the station
注意:回答由could引起的问句,仍用can 而不用could。
-Could you wait a few more minutes
-Yes, I can
3表猜测"可能",一般用于疑问句和否定句。
-Can the news be true -It can't be true Where can he be
注:(1)can't表"不可能",语气断然否定。
(2) could在宾语从句中表过去的可能性,其它情况一般还表示现在的可能性只是语气比can委婉和更加不肯定。 I thought he could come
(3) can 亦可用于肯定句表可能,但表示的是逻辑推理上的可能性(或理论上的),非主观臆断。There can be no noise on the moon because of sound being carried by the air
(4) can(could)…have done或can(could)…have been(done)用于疑问句或疑问句表对过去时或完成时的揣测。
What can have happened to him He can not have read the book He can't have been to Beijing
4表"惊异""惊讶":How can you be so impolite How can you say that
二 may 表"允许""许可""允诺"(征询对方许可)。
You may go now May I use your bike You may keep the book for 2 weeks
注意:(1)其否定形式may not表示不可以,但更常用must not来代替may not表示"不可以","禁止"。 -May I watch TV after supper
-Yes, you may(No, you mustn't 或No, you may not或No, you'd better not)
(2)与can的比较:may比can更正式。May I know your name May I (he, we…)…
×May you… (May you have a good journey! 此处表祝愿)
(3)。might代替may用于疑问句,更客气礼貌些,回答时仍用may。
-Might I use your telephone -Yes, you may
(4)might not 不表示"不允许"
2.表"可能"。(1)用于肯定句和否定句(因为May I…表征询许可)。
The news may be true He may not be at home now I think he may come today(tomorrow)
However fast you may run, you can't catch the fast train
(2)用might语气更加不肯定,但指现在或将来,只有在宾语从句中might do(be)才表示过去可能性。 He might come today(tomorrow) She might have some fever
I thought you might like something to read, so I brought some books for you
She said she might not be at home I might be busy tomorrow
(3)may not 与cannot的区别: may not"可能不",cannot "不可能"。
比较The news may not be true
The news can't be true
(4) may(might)(not)+have done(been)表对过去或完成时的揣测。
Something may have happened to him He may have been to Beijing
3表祝愿May you be happy! May you have a pleasant journey!
综合性补充;(1)could have done和might have done 还可以用于虚拟语气而can(may)have done 只用于揣测。
(2)表揣测用于反意问句的情况。
三must (无词形变化)
(1)。表"必须","应该","务必" must not(mustn't)表"禁止","不许","不准","不可以"。 Everyone must attend the lecture The work must be finished as soon as possible
You mustn't lend it to others
注;对must问句的回答。 -Must I go there now
-Yes, you must
-No ,you ①needn't ②need not ③don't have(got) to ④don't need to
2must表推测"一定","必定",一般只用于肯定句,亦即用于疑问句和否定不表揣测。
(1)对现在He must be at home now You must be hungry after the long walk
The Chinese language must have the largest number of speakers
(2)对进行时。 He must be sleeping now(at that time)
(3)对过去时或完成时。
It must have rained last night He must have fallen asleep(then)
He must have gone to Beijing yesterday She must have been young when she got married
注意其反意问句。
3 must表不可避免的倾向。 All men must die
4 must 表"偏偏","不巧" My car must break down我的车偏偏坏了。
四have to "不得不"
1 与must的区别 (1)must表说话人的主观看法,而have to表客观需要。
比较:I have to stop smoking (外界压力,客观情况使然)
I must stop smoking(主观认为)
2must只有一种形式而have to有更多的形式have to, has to ,had to ,will have to 等等。
I thought I must go there
3have to 的疑问,否定均须借助于do。 Does he have to go there now
不说Has he to go there now
He has to go there now ,doesn't he The work has to be finished before 10 o'clock
4must与had to的差别: had to还可以表示业已完成或实现的动作(即;动作确实做了)。
I had to stay at home last night
五ought to与should
1两者的差别ought to语气重,偏重"责任,义务,道德、法律"等方面,"总应该"。
You ought to follow your father's advice
注意其疑问及否定形式 -Ought he to go ?-Yes, he ought (to)
2 ought to (should)have done 表本应该做而实际未做。
You ought to have told him about the news He shouldn't have been told about the news
本不应该把此事告诉他(而实际告诉了)。
You should have got up early
should have done 还可表虚拟语气
用于第一人称
3 ought to还可表示非常有可能的事。
It ought to be a close game , most probably It ought to be a fine day tomorrow(极可能是好天)
六need (1) 作为情态动词①常用于疑问句和否定句②无人称和时态的变化③疑问否定借助于need本身④后跟动词原型。
(2)need作为实义动词① 有人称和时态的变化(needs,needed)②疑问否定借助于do③可有自己的宾语(可以是名词,代词,不定时)④不受什么句型限制。
I need a pen I need to go there He didn't need to go there Do I need to go there Need I go there now You needn't go there now ×I need go there now
3needn't have done表"本不必做而实际做了"。 You needn't have hurried你(当时)本不该匆忙。
4.对need引起的一般问句的回答: -Need I go now -Yes ,you must -No, you needn't
七dare 1,(1)作为情态动词 ①无人称和时态变化②常用于疑问句和否定句③跟不带to的不定式。注:有固定说法I dare say…… How dare you say……
2实义动词①有人称和时态的变化②疑问和否定借助于do③跟带to的不定式。
比较 情态动词 实义动词
肯定句 × He dared to do it
否定句 He daren't to do itHe dare not do it He didn't dare to do it He doesn't dare to do it
疑问句 Dare he do itDare he not do it Does he dare to do itDoesn't he dare to do it
注:(1)有时可把dare的情态和实义动词的用法揉合在一起。如;No one dared say that
(2)在否定句中实义动词dare后的不定式"to"符号可以省略。I don't dare(to)ask her
2daren't have done 表"本不敢做而实际做了"。
八shall (此处讲述的是shall情态动词而非助动词表时态)。
1. shall用于二,三人称表"命令,警告。威胁,强制。允诺"等。
用于一,三人称用来征询对方意见或请求指示。
You shall do it as I say Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow
表"允诺"相当于may或can
Shall he come at once(征询对方意见) where shall we meet Shall we take a walk together
2should (1)表"劝告,建议"Children should be taught to tell the truth
I suggested he (should )go there Was it necessary that my uncle (should) be informed
(2)表"惊异"It's strange that he should have done such a thing
(3). 表"可能性"They should be there by now, I think(98年高考已考过)。
九 Will 1。表"意志,意愿,乐意",用于各人称 。(与will作助动词表时态区分开来)。
I will tell you all about it相当于I am glad to tell you all about it
He won't go there他不愿意去那里。
2. Will在疑问句用于第二人称,表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求。
Will you go with me for a walk Do come to my birthday party , will you
Will you please tell me how I can get to the station Won't you sit down
3 表示习惯性动作,有;"总是,总要,","惯于"的意思 。
Fish will die out of water。鱼离开水总是要死的。
He will talk for hours if you give him the chance 你要给他机会的话他总是要谈上几个钟头 。
十Would (是will的变形,与will的用法相对应。应把would作助动词表时态区分开)。
1. 表"意愿"用于人称。 He said he would help us他说他乐意帮助我们。
2. 表说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求,语气比will更客气婉转,但指的是现在时间。
Would you like some bananas I'd rather stay at home than go out
Would you mind opening the window for me
注意:用would提出的一般疑问句,回答时要还原为will。-Would you help me with my lessons -Yes, I will
3 表过去的习惯动作。
She would drop in on her teacher when she went to town 她总是要顺便看一下老师。
Every day she would get up early at six o'clock过去她总是每天6点起床。
She would sit like that for hours watching ships她过去总是坐在那里几个钟头看船。
3. 用于虚拟语气或用于科幻作品中。Such would be our home in the future
我们未来的家庭就是这样。
十一 used to表示"过去常常"(而现在并非这样)。
We used to be good friends There used to be a temple here He used to go to work by bus。
He used to like fish他过去爱吃鱼。
改为否定句:He didn't use to like fish (He usedn't to like fish或He used not to like fish)
改为疑问句:Used he to like fish? 或Did he use to like fish回答Yes, he used to
否定式问句Use(d)n't he to like fish
反意问句There used to be a temple here, usedn't there (或didn't there?)
1.注:would与used to表"过去常常"的差别:
①used to表现在已不复存在的过去习惯或状态有今惜对比的含义,而would则不涉及现在。
He used to like fish(现在不了)。He would like fish(现在是不是这样,不知道)。
②used to 表不确定的过去时间,常常不带表确指过去的时间状语,而would常带。
③ would 表过去屡次发生的动作,所以不表状态。而used to可表状态也指动作。
?There would be a temple here
④ would 有自觉自愿的含义,通常译作"总是,总要",而used to只说明过去的事实,无自觉自愿的含义,常译作"过去常常"。Her would sit there, watching ships(个人愿意)。
2.①used to do sth过去常常做。。。②be (get)used to(doing)sth习惯于。。。③be used to do sth被用来做。。 与练习结合,体会掌握情态动词的用法。
高中英语知识重点
1beat 用法:表示打败某人,或连续不断地击打某物。
Note: heartbeat表示心跳。
2because 用法:后面接原因状语从句,because of后面接名词。
Note: because表示直接原因,因此只有用它才可以回答why的特殊疑问句及用在强调句中。
3become 用法:系动词,表示变得……。可以由好变坏或由坏变好。 Note: become of sb表示某人发生了什么事情。
4before 用法:before long, long before, the day before yesterday, the week / year before last 上上周/前年
Note: It be + 段时间 before…在该句型中,主句时态只有将来时态和一般过去时态。
5begin 用法:begin to do; begin doing
Note: 当begin本身是进行时的时候,只能用begin to do的形式。如:It was beginning to rain
6believe 用法:believe sb表示相信某人说的话;believe in sb表示信任;6123结构。
Note: 回答问句时通常用I believe so/not的形式。
7besides 用法:表示除……之外还有,包含在一个整体之中。
Note: 还可以用作副词,表示此外,要用逗号隔开。
8beyond 用法:表示越过、在另一边,如:beyond the wood/bridge
Note: 可以用于引申含义,表示超出……,如:beyond control/power/description
9bit 用法:与a little一样可以修饰不可数名词,形容词或副词。
Note: 修饰名词时要用a bit of;not a bit表示一点也不。
10blame 用法:take/bear the blame; blame sth on sb
Note: 表示应受到责怪时不用被动语态,如:He is to blame
高中英语知识归纳1、现在进行时
1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be 动词ing。
3现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5现在进行时的非凡疑问的基本结构为:
疑问词不达意 be 主语 动词ing
但疑问词当主语时其结构为:
疑问词不达意 be 动词ing
动词加ing的变化规则
1一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making,
taste-tasting
3假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写
末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running,
stop-stopping
2、将来时理论
一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本结构:①be going to do;
②will do。
三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won‘t。
例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon。→ I‘m not going to have a picnic this afternoon。
四、同义句:be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天)。
will go swimming tomorrow。
高中英语必备知识一、主语
主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是"什么人"、“什么事”、“什么东西”、“什么地方”等等。
名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子 都可以做主语。
二、谓语
谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样” 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
三、宾语
宾语,又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语(间接宾语也称宾语补足语)两大类,其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作的非直接,但受动作影响的对象。一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子 都可以做宾语,而to do不定式用于宾语补足语。
四、定语
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