表示状态的动词有哪些，它们有什么用法（尤其在时态上）

状态动词一般不用于进行时。状态动词可分为四类：

1 动词be(是)和动词have(有)。例如：

The boy is 150 centimeters tall 这个男孩150厘米高。

My husband has several shirts of different colors 我丈夫有好几件颜色不同的衬衫。而不可以说：The boy is being 150 centimeters tall My husband is having several shirts of different colors

2 含有状态动词be和have的意义的动词，如：belong to, contain, differ from, matter, own等。这类状态动词通常都不可以用于进行时。例如：

That dictionary belongs to me 那本字典是属于我的。不能说：That dictionary is belonging to me．

3 表示五官感觉的动词，如 hear, see, feel, taste, smell等。例如：

The old man doesn’t hear very well．那位老人听觉不太好。 不能说The old man isn’t hearing very well．

The meat tastes delicious 这肉味道真好。但不可以说：The meat is tasting delicious

4 表示心理或情感状态的动词，如 believe, consider, expect, imagine, regret，remember等。这类动词通常也都不用于进行时。例如：

He does not believe in Howard’s honesty 他不相信霍华德为人真诚。不能说He is not believing in Howard’s honesty

注意：某些状态动词也可指代动作，在此情况下，状态动词可用进行时。 例如:

The girl is feeling the pot 那个女孩在摸那个壶。

主语+连系动词+形容词+动词不定式式

Subject +Link Verb + Adjective+ Verb Infinitive

（一） 形容词句式：Adjective Syntactic Construction

主体性状形容词：描述语法主语所对应现实中性状及属性

(EAC)Entity Attribute Construction

主语+（表示喜怒哀乐情绪心理状态形容词）+to do

afraid, angry , ashamed, furious , content, happy, glad, indignant, sad , sorry , thankful, unhappy , amazed, annoyed, astonished astounded ; bored, delighted, depressed, disappointed ;discouraged, disgusted; distressed embarrassed enraged, excited; frightened, frustrated puzzled, relieved;

Satisfied, shocked ,stunned, surprised ; horrified , worried, terrified

(1):Mary is excited to be here

(表主语喜怒哀乐心理状态，语法主语做不定式逻辑主语）

(2)John was angry to hear the news

(表主语喜怒哀乐心理状态，语法主语做不定式逻辑主语）

(3)We are surprised to know that he failed

(表主语喜怒哀乐心理状态，语法主语做不定式逻辑主语）

please do remember :Only adverb can modify one adverb ,one adjective , adverb ,therefore, we can draw a conclusion that the Verbinfinitive that follows the adjectives should be regarded as an adverb , it is used as an adverbial

请一定记住，副词一般情况修饰 动词，形容词，副词，以及整个句子，动词不定式放在形容词后面，并修饰形容词，因此不定式具有副词功能，做状语，

1不及物动词没有被动,典型的有: occur, happen, take place, rise

2除了感官动词（feel,seem look)和情感动词(like, hate, understand, love)外，以下几个比较特殊的一定要记住

1The child needs looking after

2 The window requires/wants repairing

3 This point deserves mentioning

(act, clean, cut, draw, lock, open, play, read, sell,

shut, strike, wash, write 等动词的主动形式可以表示被

动，且往往加well, easily 等副词）

4 The cloth washes/sells well

5 The third act plays well

6 The door won’t open

7 The museum opens at 8 o’clock

(begin, close, end, open, start…)

8 The book is worth reading twice

(The book is worthy of being read)

9 The fish is not fit to eat

10The water feels very cold

11The dish tastes delicious

( feel, look, prove, smell, sound, taste, wear…)

be也是动词，叫做系动词，过去式不是be加什么构成

过去式构成有三种情况：

陈述句——直接动词用过去式，如果有情感动词+动词原形的情况，那过去式要用在情感动词；

否定句——用助动词、或情感动词的过去式+not+动词原形

疑问句——把放在主语前面的助动词或情感动词改过去式就行，主语后面的动词原形不变