情态动词可以表达说话人的某种情感、态度。下面和我一起了解一下,供大家参考。
初中英语情态动词有哪些
1比较can 和be able to
(1)cancould 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could),只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如:They will be able to tell you the news soon 他很快就能告诉你消息了。
(2)只用be able to。a 位于助动词后。b 情态动词后。c 表示过去某时刻动作时。d 用于句首表示条件。e 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to, 不能用could。
注意:could不表示时态(1)提出委婉的请求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。(2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
2比较may和might
(1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
注意: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
3比较have to和must
(1)两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。例如:My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)
(2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
(3)在否定结构中: don't have to表示"不必"
4must表示推测
(1)must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为"一定"。
(2)must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时, must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。
(3)must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时,must 要接完成式。例如:I didn't hear the phone I must have been asleep我刚才没有听到电话,我想必是睡着了。
(4)must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测,must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。
(5)否定推测用 can't。例如:If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet如果汤姆五点才离开这儿,他此时一定还未到家。
5表示推测的用法can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测
(1)情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。例如:I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan
(2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。例如:At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers
(3)情态动词+动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。例如:We would have finished this work by the end of next December
(4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。例如:Your mother must have been looking for you你妈妈一定一直在找你。
(5)推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。
注意:could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的程度不如 can, may。
6情态动词+ have +过去分词
(1)may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
(2)must have +done sth,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有"肯定","谅必"的意思。
(3)ought to have done sth, should have done sth本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
(4)needn't have done sth本没必要做某事
(5)would like to have done sth本打算做某事
7should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思,可用于各种人称。表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。
8had better表示"最好" 。had better 相当于一个助动词,它只有一种形式,它后面要跟动词原形。
9would rather表示"宁愿" :would rather do;would rather not do;would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。
10will和would
(1)would like; Would like to do = want to 想要,为固定搭配。
(2)Will you…Would you like… 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
(3)否定结构中用will,一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
11情态动词的回答方式 :问句,肯定回答,否定回答
12带to 的情态动词 :ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to,为六个。它们的疑问,否定形式应予以注意:
ought to 本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用,变疑问,否定时,须有do 等助动词协助。
13比较need和dare :这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
(1)实义动词: need(需要, 要求)need + n / to do sth
(2)情态动词: need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not。
(3)need 的被动含义:need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动:
情态动词的语法特征1情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生;
2情态动词 除ought 和have 外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式;
3情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s;
4情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。
情态动词有词义,但它不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化;它的后面必须跟动词原形。
1、情感评价的文学意义:情感评价是文学创造的本质属性。情感评价是文学的本质属性和文学创造的必然要求,他作为一定的价值取向,内隐着人的政治、经济、文化、伦理、宗教和审美等社会需要与态度,以及上此诸多因素形成的对社会生活的心理体验和判断。 2、情感评价作为“诗意的裁判”:所谓“诗意的裁判”就是善与美的统一,它既是对情感评价的价值品格内容的规定,也说明了情感评价的实现方式。(一)情感评价与善的价值追求,情感评价中的价值取向,体现为真、善、美。1、高尚品格:所谓高尚品格,是指情感的态度方式给社会生活作出的“裁判”,蕴含着对美好事物、美好情操、美好生活和美好理想的守望与追求,以及对丑恶、腐朽和阴暗事物的拒斥。2、功力的取向:以“善”为价值取向的情感评价带有助益社会人生的功利性。对社会生活的情感评价所隐含的功利性质,是文学审美价值创造的必然要求。(二)情感评价的实现方式:作为现实方式,情感评价在文学作品里是个立体结构:诚挚的内在情态与外在的艺术呈示。1、诚挚的情态:所谓诚挚的情态是指文学作品的情感评价属真情而非假意,不是“无病呻吟”。2、艺术的呈示:是文学审美价值实现的方式,其情与境的融合,让读者从中获取的不仅是思想上的教益,同时还有精神上的享受
情态动词的考点精简
一、何谓“情态动词”?
情态动词主要用来表示说话人的情感、态度等,是中学英语语法的重点,也是高考的热点,是单项填空必考的一个知识点。高考试题常常借助语境和句子之间意义上的细微差别来考查学生对情态动词的基本用法及其区别,近五年高考中主要考查四点:情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法;情态动词与虚拟语气;情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”,情态动词表示 “必要性”等方面的用法。
二、情态动词的特点
1没有人称和数的变化。
2 有些情态动词有过去式的变化:
eg will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared
三、情态动词的否定形式
情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't
四、情态动词的用法(常考考点)
Shall
一)用于一、三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示。
Shall we begin our class Shall he come in, sir (征求对方意见)
二)用于二、三人称 表命令、许诺、警告、规定、威胁、决心、也用于宣布法律、规定的要求
1 You shall get my reply tomorrow (许诺)
2 “The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both side (命令)
3 You shall be sorry for what you said one day, I tell you (警告、威胁)
4 Nothing shall stop us from advancing (决心)
5 —What does the sign over there read
—“No person shall smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area”(要求)
Should
一)应该,表示责任、义务
According to the air traffic rules, you should switch off your mobile phone before boarding
二)竟然、( 从句中) 惊奇、怀疑、不满(expect\, think, believe等词后) 委婉 客气(第一人称 ) 惊讶、埋怨 (二、三人称) 万一( if 从句中)
1) it’s a pity that he should be so careless (竟然)
2) I never expect that you should have come here (惊奇 )
3) I should advise you not to do it (委婉 客气)
4) Who should come to see you when you are in trouble! (埋怨 )
5)If you should change your mind, please let me know (万一)
三) 表示合理的推测
The video should be very interesting, in which you can see foreigners making Jiaozi during the Spring Festival
四)if 引导的虚拟条件句中,从句中只可出现should
Should I have time, I would go there with you
五)要求,命令和请求含义的动词后,接宾语从句,从句中谓语“should do”,should 可以省略
Tom suggested that I (should) go there at once
六)should have done 本应该做但是没做
shouldn’t have done 本不应该做但是做了
You should have studied hard
Must
一)表示必须要做的事: 必须
-Must I get to the station before three o'clock
-Yes, you must ( No, you needn't )
二)用于指 偏要、硬要 ( 令人不快的事)
1 The car must break down just when we were in the jungle (偏要)
2 -- Could I have a word with you, mum
-- Oh, dear, if you must
3 – Who is the girl standing over there
-- Well, if you must know, her name is Mabel
三)用于表肯定的猜测
He is absent today, and something must have happened to him
She must be at home now, as I just called her
四)禁止 (否定句)
You mustn’t make noises in the library (禁止) (注:mustn’t没有表推测的意思)
Can\ could
一) 能力(陈述句)He can swim/ He could swim when he was a child
二) 惊异、怀疑、不相信(否定、疑问、惊叹句)How can you be so careless?
三) can’t 表推测“一定不是” He can’t be Mr White, because I don’t know him
四) can/ could 用于否定和疑问表猜测 I lost my purse Where could I have put it
五) can 用于客观事实的推测,可能出现的某种现象
He is friendly, but sometimes he can be difficult to get along with
The northern part of China is cold, but sometimes it can be warm
Nowadays, graduates can have difficulty finding jobs
六) be able to do sth 经过努力能达到
4 The fire in the hotel spread fast but fortunately all of the people were able to ran out (经过努力能达到)
May \ might
一)祝愿(祈使句) May you return in safety (祝愿)
二)可以(语气弱) May I come in (可以)
三)表推测,不太可能的推测 Helen may go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet
四)may as well do sth Now that you are here, you may as well try your best
may well do sth He may not well go with us—he hates travel
五)might用于虚拟 If he came here tomorrow, he might have a chance of talking with her
Will
一)意愿、决心、习惯性、倾向性、请求
1 I’ll do my best (意愿)
2 I will never do such a thing again (决心)
3 Fish will die without water (习惯性、倾向性)
4 Will you give me a piece of paper (请求)
二)区分于be going to, 表示没有计划,临时决定
---I’m sorry I forgot to send the letter for you
--- It doesn’t matter I will go myself
Would He promised he would never smoke again (will的过去式)
Would you… “I would like to… (婉转语气)
Last year our English teacher would sometimes tell us stories in English after class
(过去的习惯动作,比used to正式,并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。)
It would be about ten when he left home (表料想或猜想)
Dare \ need
1 I dare to go there alone at night
2 Do you dare to go there alone at night = Dare you go there alone at night
3 I don’t dare (to )go there alone at night = I dare not go there alone at night
dare say\ dare tell \ dare speak
4 needn’t have done 本没有必要做,但是做了
You needn’t have waited for her, as she didn’t go there
情态动词+ do 表示对现在的推测
情态动词+ have done 表示对过去的推测(对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟)
(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本(不)应该做某事,但却没有做或做了,含有责备或后悔之意。
例如: —I’m sorry I _________at you the other day B
—Forget it I was a bit out of control myself
A shouldn’t shout B shouldn’t have shouted
C mustn’t shout C mustn’t have shouted
(2) could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如:
Thank you for all your hard work last week I don’t think we ______ it without you B
A can manage B could have managed
C could manage D can have managed
(3) needn’t have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意needn’t do则表达“没有必要去做某事”,时间上应该是现在或将来。例如:
—Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you B
—Thanks You ________ it I could manage it myself
A needn’t do B needn’t have done
C mustn’t do D shouldn’t have done
(4)would (not) have done本来(不)会发生某事,但却(发生了)或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气,表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如:
He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he ________ a goal D
A had scored B scored
C would score D would have scored
(5) might have done表示“本来可能……”,但实际上没有发生的事。例如:
What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ________ better D
A need have done B must have done
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