如何培养小学生做好英语课堂笔记
进入小学,随着学习的不断深入,学生拥有的知识量越来越多,需要记忆和运用得知识点也越来越分散、零乱。这就需要他们养成记录和总结的习惯。于是“如何培养学生做好英语课堂笔记”也就成了摆在我们面前的一项重要目标。“最淡的墨水也胜过最强的记忆”,做课堂笔记可以帮助学生克服遗忘,无论是对于已学知识的复习、巩固,还是对新授知识的速记、整理,很大程度上起着重要的作用,具有十分重要的意义。
那么如何做好、用好课堂笔记呢?我认为关键要解决学生记什么、怎么记、怎么用等问题。
一、了解记什么,做到有的放矢
课堂上老师讲的东西很多。有的同学抓不住要点,老师讲什么就记什么。单词、短语、句子统统记在本子上,甚至连单词的读音也要用汉语注音。这样做有害无益。既影响听课,又可能形成不良的读音习惯。因此,听课时要有所选择,有所取舍。
1、记重点、难点、疑点。同时这一点就要求我们在上课前做好预习工作,预习时发现的疑点一般就是你的难点,上课时就应格外小心,重点记录。我们每次新课前我都会让同学们提前一两天预习,并布置一定相对简单的预习任务。如找出本单元的主要句型结构,无法理解的词汇及疑问。这样在上课时可用生成的方式来解决这些问题。
2、要记特点,拼读规则、语法规则、构词规则等一般都有例外。记住一些特例,其他的按照规则处理,既可减轻记忆负担,又能提高学习效率。这些也成为一节课最基本的物质收获。如我们在学习数字时,“-teen”的后缀就成了我们的“特点圈”,这与几十的后缀“-ty”形成一种分类记忆。又如我们在学习句型—How many …?时,我们的侧记则是“how many +名词复数”等等。这样,学生在遇到此类问题时便会迎刃而解。
3、记典型例句。为了让同学们熟练地周围某些语言现象,老师会提供很多语句让大家来操练。同学们不必也不可能记下每一个句子,只要记下典型的例句就足够了。其实最典型的例句往往就在教材上,我们可以采用下划线、波浪线或星级符号来标注。
4、各种专项训练的解题技能、技巧的能力性结论等。这主要针对习题讲解或试题分析时。例如字母书写大小要一致、不同词类读一读、分类切记逐个筛、阅读理解划出关键词、完形别忘上下文等等。
二、知道怎么记,做到规范有序。
1、记课堂笔记要做到规范
记课堂笔记的最终目的是便于复习记忆,获取更多的知识,且作为永恒的备忘录,给以后的复习带来方便。所以学生在做课堂笔记时,我就要求他们一定记清楚,记准确,记录一定要规范,包括记笔记的位置,符号等我们都会有统一的要求。
2、教给学生记录的技巧。
记笔记要解决好写与想的时间冲突,掌握记录的技巧,并做好课后整理,及时循环回顾,增强笔记的利用效率。只记录要点、关键词能大大加快记录的速度,多用专业用语进行记录可以提高速度和准确率。在探究结论的记录中,可以沿用传统的记录方式,比如词汇知识可以用大括号+例句+辨析的方式、对重难点做出不同程度的星级标注、利用不同颜色的笔或不同的标注符号进行分类记录等等。但是对于一些做题技巧总结的记录,比如阅读中的关键词法、排除错误选项的技巧等,教师就要给出充分的时间,允许学生结合具体的语言环境记下笔记,这样在此后复习的时候,学生才能重温典型语境、再现思维过程,巩固思维方法,提高做题能力。
针对三年级的情况,由于学生的英语知识储量较少,又是刚刚接触英语课堂笔记,所以笔记记录以引导学生共同总结,老师归纳为主要方式,尤其是做题技巧与语法知识方面。刚开始记笔记时,我都会把一些需要记录的重点写在黑板上,同时我们做的都是侧记,这样会更省时省力,便于复习查阅。
三、明确怎么用,做到系统整合。
1、教师有意安排学生做好笔记再整理。
课上的记录只是临时的笔录,系统性、完整性、逻辑性差,所以教师要安排固定的时间,引导学生及时整理,使其避免出现再看时自己看不懂、想不全、讲不通的情况。这一点在高年级的学习中尤其重要。
2、教师要设计专门时间,领着学生“常回家看看”。
在完成一个相对独立的教学阶段后,(如一个单元、一个语法项目、一个阅读专项训练等),教师要带着学生进行笔记复习,让学生回到记录中,返视自己当时的学习过程,进行阶段性的复习和自我评价。这种返视与课后的回顾作用不同。由于学生已完成了一“块”内容,此时他们就能够从一个较高的、较完整的角度再来看自己当时都做了什么、产生了哪些疑问、为什么当时得出了不完整的结论等。这种自我评价不仅对学生在知识与技能方面的提高极为重要,而且也对其在方法与过程、情感态度方向的发展尤为有利。这种复习的效果是简单地通过看教科书复习所难以达到的。在低年级段,我们是以课堂复习检查和课下小组长检查交互进行的。
3、引导学生建立“好题精粹”和“错题集结”
建立一本“好题精粹”,把日常学习中遇到的有代表性的题目,技巧性比较强的题目,你感觉有价值的题目或有挑战性的题目记录下来,整理成册。同时把平时做错的具有代表性的试题或语言点记录下来,以备将来查缺补漏,我们把这叫做“错题集结”, 这样对知识的掌握可以达到事半功倍的效果。
18世纪著名作家塞谬尔·约翰逊称做笔记为“必要的痛苦”。做笔记是比较痛苦的事情,但非常有必要,因为记课堂笔记是学生课堂学习的重要策略和技能,是对在课堂上感知的、与课堂教学有关的信息进行联想、分析、综合,再转化为文字表达的思维过程。 近的来说对学生的学习有着很大帮助,长远来说这是一种良好的学习习惯,对学生的自学能力的培养具有重要的意义。
Lesson 61 A bad cold 重感冒
Health is a kind of freedom and comes first of all
[词汇]
feel v 感觉
look v 看(起来)
must modal verb 必须
call v 叫,请
doctor n 医生
telephone n 电话
remember v 记得,记住
mouth n 嘴 open your mouth
tongue n 舌头 show me your tongue
bad adj 坏的,严重的 bad cold
cold n 感冒
news n 消息 [nju:z] [nu:z] good news
They are looking at the blackboard
feel/smell/look/taste
1 主语+不及物动词
2 主系表结构,其中系动词(link-verb)包括be动词和感官动词。
be动词后可跟形容词和名词;感官动词后多加形容词做表语。
I feel happy
The food smells terrible
She looks sad
This tastes good
I feel ill
She feels ill
Do you feel ill
How do you feel
How does she feel
How does Jimmy feel
Jimmy looks ill Jimmy is in bed He feels ill He doesn't feel ill Does he feel ill How does he feel He looks ill
feel funny/ feel like (doing) sth/feel free to do sth
look at the blackboard
look 表示看的动作/ see 表示看的内容、结果/ watch 观看移动的东西/ observe 表示观察/ spot /sight/view 察看
lose oneself at the first sight
I lost myself at the first sight of my wife
sightsee/ scan/ glimpse 瞥一眼/ glance 匆匆看一眼/ stare/ notice/ note 看到并记住
look for 寻找/ look after照顾/ look forward to 希望/ look down on(upon)
call(s) a doctor
doctor/ Dr/quack 江湖郎中/ healer 大夫/dentist 牙医/physician 内科医生/ surgeon 外科医生
see a doctor/ see the dentist
send for a doctor/ ask the doctor
Jimmy feels ill today He looks ill You must see/call a doctor
Mrs Williams must call a doctor
at the butcher's/at the doctor's
middle school
Jimmy is a middle school student He is in bed now He feels ill He looks ill Mrs Williams is his mother They must call the doctor Now Jimmy is at the doctor's
retell/ recite/ repeat
remember/ recall/ recollect/ remind 使想起/ review 复习
When I recall sth happened last year, …
I like stamps collecting
I can't recollect what happened in past year
remember + 名词或代词
I remember you
the doctor's telephone number
I can remember the doctor's telephone number
Can you remember the doctor's telephone number
remember to do sth 记得去做某事
remember doing sth 记得做了某事
post
When you go by the post office, remember to post the letter
I remember posting the letter
remember sth
mouth [mauW]
month [mQnW] n 月
mouse [maus] n鼠,耗子
tongue twister [5twistE] n 绕口令/ mother tongue
open your mouth/ show me your tongue /show your tongue to me
bad/ ill/ evil
cold adj 寒冷的 It is cold
n 感冒 have/ catch/ get a bad cold
其否定形式是用 don't 和 doesn't, 用do 和 does 构成疑问句
I have a cold today I don't have a cold today Do you have a cold today Jimmy has a cold today Jimmy doesn't have a cold today Does Jimmy have a cold today
a piece of news
That is good news for me!
That is good news for Jimmy!
No news is the good news
[课文]
Where's Jimmy
He's in bed
What's the matter with him
He feels ill
He looks ill
We must call the doctor
Yes, we must
Can you remember the doctor's telephone number
Yes It's 09754
Open your mouth, Jimmy
Show me your tongue
Say, "Ah"
What's the matter with him, doctor
He has a bad cold, Mr Williams, so he must stay in bed for a week
That's good new for Jimmy
Good news
Why
Because he doesn't like school!
What's the matter with Jimmy today
He feels ill
Does he look ill
Who can remember the doctor's telephone number
Mrs Williams
What is the doctor's telephone number
09754
Does Jimmy like school Is that good news for Jimmy
[He has a bad cold]
He doesn't have a bad cold
Does he have a bad cold
英语语法公开课笔记整理
词 类 对单词的分类是根据单词在句子中所起的功能来分类的代词 动词 数词 形容词 名词 连接词 副词 介词 感叹词代词(pronoun pron)
代指一类人,事或物的词。代词是少林派~动词(verb v)
是用来形容或表示各类动作的词汇。动词——武当派数词(numeral num)
数词是表示数目多少或顺序多少的词。形容词(adjective adj)
形容词修饰名词或代词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。形容词——衡山派名词(noun n)
名词是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词——丐帮连接词(conjunction conj)
连词是用来连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子、表示某种逻辑关系的词。副词(adverb adv)、
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等单词或短语,以说明动作性质或状态的特征的词。副词——绿叶派介词(preposition prep)介词——丐帮分派
介词又称前置词,在句中不单独作任何句子成分。介词后面必须有名词、名词性词组或名词性从句作它的宾语,构成介词短语。感叹词(interjection interj)
感叹词是用于表达各种感情的词,与后面句子的'其余成分无语法联系。1 前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词。
2 很多单词不仅仅属于一个词类。
3 有些词类可以继续细分。
① 名词及相关类(名词,代词,数词,冠词,介词,形容词)代词——替身派
② 动词及相关类(动词,副词)
③ 其他类 (叹词,连词)
句 子成 分 主 谓 宾 定 状 补 表 语 ~~~~主语
主语是句子所叙述的主体,是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”
名词及相关类(名词,代词,数词,冠词,介词,形容词)谓语
谓语是用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。
人称和数上要保持一致。宾语
宾语是动作、行为的对象,表示动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
①直接宾语和间接宾语:直接宾语是及物动词的对象;间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的。
egHis father gave him a new pen
直接宾语:a new pen 间接宾语:him
②宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充和说明的句子成分。make sb do sth
egThe teacher asked the students to hand in their homework
宾语补足语:to hand in their homework
“宾语+宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语(如make,keep,get等+宾语+宾补)定语
定语用来修饰名词或代词。状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。状语——灵活派。补语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,起补充说明的作用,最常见的是宾语补足语。
(摘自 )表语表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,它常位于系动词之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。
连系动词 它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
(摘自 )
egHe looks young
look是系动词 young是表语插播:When I was young, I could swim well
"When I was young"作状语 I 作主语 "could swim"作谓语 well作状语① 完整的句子必须主谓俱备。
② 一般情况下主语都在谓语前面。
③ 表语一定是放在连系动词后面。
④ 宾语有双宾语结构和复合宾语结构。
⑤ 定语并不总是放在被修饰词前面。
⑥ 状语最灵活,功能也最为强大。
⑦ 除了谓语和宾语补足语之外,其他的都可以由从句来充当。
;英语的教学离不开老师和学生的配合,那小学英语老师的教学 随笔 如何写呢来看看我精心为你整理小学英语教学随笔,希望你有所收获。
小学英语教学随笔篇一作为一名小学英语教师,如何在现在的岗位上发光发热,如何让学生在有限的课堂时间里学好英语这门语言, 教育 教学中有太多的东西值得我去深思,去探索。通过八年的工作实践,我认识到,小学英语教学不应该只满足于对单词、句型的概念化解释和程序化分析,那样只会使教学内容平淡、课堂气氛沉闷,使学生不能全身心地投入到 英语学习 中来,使他们原有的兴趣和信心很快丧失殆尽。那么,怎样才能做好小学英语的教学工作呢以下是我教学过程中的几点体会和心得:
一、勇创双语教学特色,营造英语氛围。
1在教学过程中尽可能少地说汉语,而是以英语为主体,利用手势、眼神、动作、音调等辅助手段来帮助学生理解教学内容;并且在教学过程中创设各种情景对话,通过直接的语言交流来帮助学生建立语感。通过这种方式组织教学,能增加学生的语言实践机会,营造语言氛围,培养学生直接用英语思维、表达的习惯。
2英语作为一种语言,其教学应该融入一定的情境之中。可通过课堂表演来创造一定的语言环境,给孩子营造一方自由发展、自由发挥的天地;并且可为学生提供自主学习和交流的机会,给每位学生自我表现和自我发展的时间和空间。
3鼓励学生通过参与体验、实践、合作、探索等方式,发展听、说、读、写的综合能力和整体素质。要求学生在学校见到老师、同学,用英语打招呼;在英语课堂,尽可能用英语进行交流;在课外,也要鼓励孩子们尽可能使用英语。把英语教学融入日常生活中的各个环节,让学习成为生活的一部分,让生活成为学习的延续。
4反馈信息、即时巩固。 英语的听、说训练一定要做到反馈及时。在教学中,学生对刚学的内容记忆犹新,印象深刻,但若不及时巩固,不仅会很快遗忘,而且会使学生在听、说中的错误与偏差得不到及时纠正,以至形成错误的思维定势和语言习惯。
二、 关注学生情感,创造宽松、民主、和谐的教学氛围。
1尊重每个学生,鼓励他们积极尝试,及时发现他们的进步并给予相应的表扬,保护他们的自尊心和积极性。
2创设各种合作学习活动,促进学生互 相学 习、互相帮助、体验成功、合作发展。
3关注后进生和性格内向的学生,尽可能为他们提供正确表现自我的机会,让每一次小小的突破成为他们进步的基石。
4建立融洽的师生关系,经常和学生一起交流和探索,了解学生所想所需,做到教学相长。
三、加强 学习 方法 指导,帮助学生学会学习。
1积极创造条件,让每个学生都参与到学习活动中来。
2结合语言情境,让学生通过实践和运用来深化学习。
3进行 自我评价 ,根据各自的不同状况进行查漏补缺。
四、实行激励评价,使学生树立 学习英语 的信心。
1注重教师的客观性评价,对学生学习过程中的点滴进步给予及时的肯定和激励。
2重视学生的主观性评价,让学生通过分析,通过比较,认识自己的优势和不足,明确努力的方向。
小学英语教学的目标是要通过听、说、读、写训练,帮助学生学会如何正确使用英语,并具备一定的英语口头表达能力。这一主线贯穿整个教学的全过程。其中,听、说训练尤为重要,训练的途径也是多样化的。 儿童 学习外语的方式、内容与成年人应该有所不同。他们喜欢玩,喜欢 唱歌 、画画,喜欢表演和游戏;他们喜欢动手操作,喜欢探究和想象。所以,英语教学必须根据学生的年龄阶段和性格特征,因材施教,因人施教;并且在教学过程中要联系实际,不断探索、不断实践、不断 反思 ,这样才能在教育教学中不断进步和完善。
小学英语教学随笔篇二最近,我的主要以多元互动课堂评价手段激发学生自主学习的兴趣,让学生在课堂上能够自主地学英语,说英语,用英语,自主地 用课堂评价用语以及本课所学的新句型对学生自己\他人的课堂表现, 课堂行为进行评价,促进学生的学习兴学习兴趣与效果。
课后自主地复习。我事先没有给学生布置预习任务。因为不想给学生增加压力与负担,另外学生也没有预习工具。而是拿一节课出来给显学生熟悉我的教学套路,通过这节课让学生知道哪个教学环节是可以自主发挥的,哪些地方可以做小老师,,哪些地方可以得到小红旗。也就是说通过一节课让学生知道自己努力的方向,感受到成就感,从而自发的进行预习,这比老师强压着预习效果好得多。
原来这个班的学生学习兴趣不高,教学效果也较差,有时教几个单词都要花费一节课的时间,有些记住了意思又记不了读音。自从当了小老师后,学生感受到了学习的乐趣,有了成就感,学生非常欢迎自己的学习自己做主的学习方式,课堂气氛从新活跃起来。学生自己能教的单词由刚开始能教一个,到逐渐地大部分单词都由小老师来教,直到学生教不了了,我才教。课文里的 句子 几乎都不用我翻译,学生通过自主得预习以及小组合作就能够自己翻译。因而我教得非常轻松,学生也学得很快乐。有一个叫周炫的学生变化最明显。这个学生刚开始对英语课并不感兴趣,上课不是搞小动作就是开小差,自从尝到小老师的甜头后,他变得认真听课了,还争先恐后地当起小老师来,有时一节课能教好几个单词呢。我想这小老师的背后肯定是勤奋自主得预习。我想这得益于教学方式的转变,学习重心的下移,学生的主体地位得以充分体现。英语课堂变成了快乐大本营,教与学都变成了一件轻松的事情。
Lesson 14
Do you speak English
你会讲英语吗?
要求整篇文章背诵
New words and expressions 生词和短语
★amusing adj 好笑的,有趣的
amused:感到好笑的
amuse v
动词后面会加人做宾语
The story amused me
The story is amusing
i am amused
interesting:有意思
The book is interesting
The book is amusing
funny:好笑的,可以指贬义,开心的,令人开心的
interesting/funny story
★experience n 经历
经验:不可数名词
经历:可数名词
He has a lot of experience
He has a lot of experiences
+s(a/an),经历;原形,经验
experienced:有经验的
He is an experienced doctor
★wave v 招手
wave to sb;向某人招手
★lift n 搭便车
be动词+形容词/介词
be动词后面不能是名词,一旦是名词,就认为主语和后面的名词是等号关系
I am a teacher
I was a lift
take a bus/taxi/lift
take a lift:搭便车
I take a list
The student gave me a lift
give sb a lift:让某人搭便车
B wants to take a lift
A will give B a lift
thumb lift :拇指便车
I want to take a list
★reply v 回答
answer
He answered/replied
answer sth/reply to sth
answer the letter:回信
I will reply to the letter
★language n 语言
native language:母语
mother tongue
The native language is Chinese
My mother tongue is Chinese
★journey n 旅行
begin a trip:开始一个旅行
begin a journey
trip,travel,tour
trip:短距离旅行或出差
go on business/go on a trip
travel:周游(长途)
tour,为了玩
tourist:游客
journey:所有的旅行
go on a journey, 3 days' journey
2 hours' journey
voyage:旅行(海上)
flight:空中飞行
journey:偏重于陆地旅行
trip;travel;tour;journey;voyage;flight
First listen and then answer the question
听录音,然后回答以下问题。
Did the young man speak English
I had an amusing experience last year After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town On the way, a young man waved to me I stopped and he asked me for a lift As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all Neither of us spoke during the journey I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English' As I soon learnt, he was English himself!'
参考译文
去年我有过一次有趣的经历。在离开法国南部的一个小村庄后,我继续驶往下一个城镇。途中,一个青年人向我招手。我把车停下,他向我提出要求搭车。他一上车,我就用法语向他问早上好,他也同样用法语回答我。除了个别几个单词外,我根本不会法语。旅途中我们谁也没讲话。就要到达那个镇时,那青年突然开了口,慢慢地说道:“你会讲英语吗?”
我很快了解到,他自己就是个英国人!
课文讲解
搭便车:take a lift
给某人搭便车:give sb a lift
路程,旅行:journey
经历:experience
一般有意思,interesting、funny, amusing顷向于让某人笑出声
I had an amusing experience last year
after,从句的标志,后面叫时间主语从句
when,while,as:当什么时候,until,before,after
简单句当中一个谓语,有从句有主句,从句一个谓语动词,主句一个谓语动词
after:在什么什么之后,主句的动作发生在从句之后,从句的动作发生在主句的
前面,从句的动作发生在前,主句的动作发生在后
如果两个都是过去时,同时发生,会用进行时态;如果一先一后,发生在前的动作
为过去完成时(had done)
after后面的从句一个变成过去时,一个变成过去完成时,一定是从句用过去完成时。
before:在什么什么之前,主句发生在从句之前,主句用过去完成时。
地点做介词短语修饰前面的名词
in the south of
表达方位的表达方式一共有3个介词,in,on,to
没有相接的,是相离的,to
接壤,on
在什么里面,in
drive to:开车去某地,drive on (on:继续),on加在动词的后面表示继续
on the way:在路上,在途中
wave to sb:冲某人挥手
I stopped=I stopped the car
ask sb for sth:请求某人要求得到什么东西
as soon as:一就户名一定要加一个句子(时间主语从句),
后面的先发生
As soon as I had received the letter,I ringed/called him back
只要是状语从句,一旦遇到将来时,变为一般现在时
As soon as you arrive,you must call me
As soon as 强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的
say goodbye,say sorry,say hello,say good morning to him
用某种语言:in+某种语言
I speak EnglishI say a word in Chinese
reply 要想加宾语要加 to
in the smae language
as soon as:一就
As soon as I had entered the room,I took off my coat at once
apart from:除了什么之外,except
except,except for,apart from
1when except is used at the beginning of a sentence,it is followed by for
2apart from习惯上喜欢放句首,apart from=except=besides
如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外,还有这个人也做了,是加号
如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外,这个人没有做,是减号
All the passengers are millionaire except us 减号
3except:从整体之中减掉,besides 如果放在句首,统一用apart from
4except for含有对整体中的某一个方面不满意
The article is very good except for his handwriing
except for 可以不放在句首,强调整体当中某一方面除外,剩下的整体都不错
Except for his height,he is very excellent
Special difficulties
I invited everyone except George Except for George I invited everyone
Except for/apart from this,everything is in order
Exercise
1except for
3apart from(Except for)
except for=apart from,喜欢放在句首
except和besides可放句子中间,besides指在整体上加上,except要从整体减掉
not at all:一点点都不
I don't like it I don't like it at all
apart from=except
Apart from my sister,I like everyone
Apart from a few words,I know any French
neither
during the journey:在旅途当中,自始自终
neither of sb,either of sb
either of sb:什么当中的任何一个
neither of sb:什么当中的任何一个都不
either,neither 都是指两个当中的任何一个
如果不只两个人,就变成none of
none,neither一旦出现,这句话就不会再有not
I don't like the book,My sister doesn't like it either
Neither of us likes it
nearly:将要
when: 就在此时
I had nearly reached home when I found my mother standing there
Do you speak English问的是一个事实 你说英语吗?你是说英语国家的人吗?
Do you swim 你去游泳吗? Can you swim你会游泳吗?
As I learnt learn:知道,得知
我得知:I learn; 我知道:I know
As we know,the New Concept English is very good
As+主语+动词+逗号+句子,As:正如
As I think,it is the coldest day in the year
As my mother said/As I heard
As he said,English is easy to learn
himself,反身代词单独放在句尾,起强调作用
I read English myself
总结
as soon as+从句,表示时间,一就
apart from=except for,放在句首,除了什么之外
neither of:两者之间都不,一旦出现,这句话里面不会再出现not
三者或三者以上之间都不:none of
As I learnt,正如
As sb do sth,一定要加逗号,再加另外一个句子
英语当中的第一句话往往起着概述的作用
有两种方式可以背诵:一种是硬背,另一种是先理解,然后按照事情的发展顺序背
Key structures过去完成时
过去完成时:过去的过去或两个动作都在过去,一个动作在前,一个在后,
发生在前的动作为过去完成时
过去完成时一定要以一个过去时态在铺垫,这个动作一定要发生在had done之后
until:直到什么时候为止,直到什么时候才
until,在后面一个从句之前发生了主句
until,主句和从句两个都用一般过去时对,主句和从句然后一个用过去完成是也对
I had not understood the problem until he explained it
4We hadn't disturbed him until he finished work
We didn't disturb him until he had finished work
We didn't disturb him until he finished work
after后面会家过去完成时,before后面会加一般过去时
Exercises D
1The moment后面直接加从句,The moment = as soon as
一般过去时,regretted
2before引导的从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时
had begun
3arrived,过去完成是一定要和过去的过去有关
Special difficulties
aask and ask for
ask sth:问什么什么东西,ask a question/ask sb
ask for sth:要求得到,ask for the answer
cwhich of ,either of, neither of ,both of
either of :两者当中的任何一个
neither of:两者都不
which of :那一个,which of the two
both of:两者都
Which of the two do you like
I want both of themI want either of themI want neither of them
Exercise
2both of
4asked,ask for
5either of,前面有not
Multiple choice questions
6b
French不可数,不能用many
plenty of:足够多的
not much: a little
not a little: much
7c
neither不会和not连用
either:任何一个
both:两个都
neither of,不能说we neither,只能说neither of us
11b
responded和replied用法一样
replied后面加宾语一定要加to, answer直接加
9c
salute:军礼,军人的问候
10b
tramp:流浪汉
hitch hiker:搭便车的人
passenger:乘客,付车钱
12 almost=nearly
just as 正当时候 +时间主语从句
Unit22(第65讲—第67讲)
19 positive adj 确定的;积极地,肯定地
positively adv 确定地,明确地;积极地,肯定地
1) He was frightened by the results of his blood test, for all tested items show positive reactions(验血结果把他吓坏了,每一个项目都显示阳性反应。)
2) I'm positive about it(对这点我有绝对把握。)
3) They longed for a positive answer(他们渴望得到肯定的答复。)
4) You should adopt a more positive attitude toward life(对生活你应该采取更积极的态度。)
5) He never answered my questions positively(他从不肯定地回答我的问题。)
20 aspect n 方向;外表
1) They considered the plan in all its aspects(他们全面地考虑了这一计划。)
2) His face had a frightening aspect(他的脸色很吓人。)
21 emerge v 出现
1) The sun emerged from behind a cloud(太阳从云朵后面出来了。)
2) Different ideas have emerged(不同意见出现了。)
3) A modern industrial city is now emerging(一个现代化的工业城市正在兴起。)
本课简介
人人都知道健康的重要,但人们对于参加健身活动的态度如何呢?本文作者通过许多具体的事例告诉我们,人们对于参加健身活动有许多认识上的误区,因而有必要重新审视自己在这一问题上的态度和做法。
人们对于健康活动有哪些看法呢?一些学生认为,留出时间来健身是浪费时间,健身活动并不比学打桥牌对他更有用,学业和前程才是最重要的。还有人认为健身固然重要,但实在没有时间健身。也有人说自己已经够健康了,保持现状应该没有问题。另外有些人则抱怨没有运动设施,也无法从他人那儿得到什么帮助,或者觉得运动后的浑身汗味令他们不舒服。
以上种种皆是不愿意进行健身活动的人们的看法,那么对于那些原意进行健身活动的人们来说,他们的认识和做法也并非没有问题。有人说,我跑步是因为宿舍里的每一个人都在晚上跑步。也有人说,我运动时每消耗3500卡热量就能减掉一磅体重,圣诞节前我只有十磅要减了。还有人说,这个周末天气凉爽,星期六看来是个好日子。另外,健身只是为了长寿也是常见的看法。
你的认识是否类似于上述某种观点?请记住健康虽不一定保证长寿,但能有助于你快乐地生活每一天。
本课主要语言点
1 Recently we were told by a student that setting aside time for improving his physical fitness would be a total misuse of his working hours
that引导的是一个宾语从句,在这个从句中,动名词短语setting aside time…做主语,此类结构在英语中很常见。如:
1) He told me that getting up early in the morning was hard for him(他告诉我早起对他来说很困难。)
2) The teacher said that cheating on exams was on the increase in many schools(那位老师说在许多学校考试作弊现象在增长。)
3) My brother told me that setting up his own company would not be totally impossible(我兄弟对我说建立他自己的公司并不是一件完全不可能的事。)
set aside 意思是to reserve or keep sth for a special use or purpose (留出、拨出);set aside也可表示overturn(驳回、取消),disregard(不顾)。如:
1) He decided to set aside 50 yuan every month so that he could buy a used bike(他打算每个月留出50块钱以便能买辆二手自行车。)
2) His parents asked him to set aside 30 minutes every morning reading English(他父母要求他每天早晨留出30分钟读英语。)
3) The government set aside thirteen per cent of the money for health and education(政府拨出这笔钱地百分之十三用于健康和教育。)
4) The original verdict was eventually set aside by the Supreme Court(原先地裁决最终被法庭驳回。)
5) We must set aside all formality and another try(我们必须不拘形式再试一次。)
a / the misuse of sth意思是 use sth in an incorrect or improper manner(误用、滥用)。如:
The misuse of company assets brought about heavy losses(滥用公司财产造成了严重损失。)
在词汇部分我们讲到mis-是一个前缀,常指things being done badly or wrongly 如:understand-misunderstand , print-misprint等等。
2 He assured us that he would be no better served by a fitness program than by learning to play bridge
本句中地no是一个副词,用在副词比较级地前面,表示“并不、毫不”。no也可以在形容词比较级地前面。如:no more than, no less than, no longer than,no farther than 等等。
1) I could no more play piano than you(我和你一样不会弹钢琴。)
2) This place is no better than slum(这地方与贫民窟差不多。)
better是副词well的比较级形式,served是个过去分词,可用作形容词,如: better organized, better prepared, better managed等等。
assure是个及物动词,意思是“使确信、使放心”,主要用法是:
1) assure sb of sth
He assured me of the feasibility of the plan(他使我确信这个计划是可行的。)
2) assure sb that……
I assured my mother that I would handle the problem(我向母亲保证我能处理这个问题。)
请注意区别assure,ensure,insure和secure这四个动词。
assure指以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定发生,多用assure sb of / that在结构中;ensure意为确保某种行动或动因的结果一定会发生,后面可以跟sth或that从句,但不能带双宾语;insure意思是“给…保险”;secure的意思是make safe(使安全)。
1) He assured me that Dr Baker would come(他向我保证贝克博士会来。)
2) To ensure the child's quick recovery, the doctor gave him three different medicines(为了保证孩子尽快康复,医生给了他三种不同的药物。)
3) The house is insured against fire(这房子保了火灾险。)
4) They tried their best to secure the bridge from further attack(他们尽力保护桥梁免受进一步的攻击。)
3 College and his preparation for a career were his only priorities请注意区prepare 和prepare for的区别。
prepare sb or sth 指make them ready for an event or action that will happen in the future,如:
We have to prepare our lessons carefully(我们得仔细备课。)
prepare for an event or action指get oneself ready for it; make plans for it so that it and prepared when it happens, 如:
The children washed out hands and prepared for the meal(孩子们洗好手准备吃饭。)
名词preparation通常用在短语make preparations for和in preparation for当中,如:
1) They were making preparations for the old man's funeral(他们在为老人的葬礼做准备。)
2) We will have to collect new material in preparation for the experiment(我们得收集新资料为实验作准备。)
priority指 give priority to和 take / has priority当中。如:
1)This project has priority over all others(这个项目比所有其他项目都更受重视。)
2)Education is given first priority in their family(教育在他们家是予以先考虑的问题。)
4 This student has seen being physically fit as an end rather than the means we know it to be
see sth as意思是“把…看作为”,我们以前学过不少类似的短语,如:regard…as,look upon…as,think of…as,view…as等等。
being physically fit意思是“身体健康”。
an end rather than the means意思是“是一种目的而不是达到目的的方法”。 rather than意思是“而不是”。
1)He was seen as the most capable person in the company(人们认为他是公司最能干的人。)
2)We saw her silence as consent(我们把她的沉默看作为同意。)
3)To be physically fit is our greatest wish for grandfather(身体健康是我们对爷爷的希望。)
4)You need to do more exercise if you want to be physically fit(如果你想身体健康,就需要进行更多的锻炼。)
5)He came all the way to China for promoting friendship rather than for making money(他千里迢迢来到中国不是为了赚钱,而是为了增进友谊。)
5 His opinion is one of the many feelings, pro or con, that people hold about their personal involvement in a physical fitness program
pro和con在本句中作形容词用,pro的意思是for(赞成),con的意思是against(反对)。pro or con在句子中作后置定语,修饰名词feeling后置定语在英语中也很常见。如:
1) Countries, big or small, should be equal(国家无论大小都是平等的。)
2) He studied in a room, clean and tidy(他在干净整齐的房间里学习。)
(在上述例句中,两个成对的或反对的形容词,用and或or连接,共同修饰一个名词。这是形容词作后置定语的一种用法。)
1)The active involvement of thousands of people in the election campaign surprised him(成千上万的人积极参与竞选活动令他惊奇。)
2) He avoids involvement in politics(他避免卷入政治。)
6 Certainly some of there individuals may have physical limitations that make activity extremely difficult, and others are engaged in time-consuming activities that until finished do not permit opportunities for recreation
that make activity extremely difficult是一个定语从句,修饰physical limitations
Be engaged in sth 意思是be involved in sth(使从事,使忙于),如:
1)They were engaged in the study of soil conservation(他们在从事土壤保持的研究。)
2) It is inappropriate for him to engage in this activity(他从事这一活动是不合适的。)
7…I'll have no difficulty staying that way
have (no) difficulty doing sth(做某事有/无困难),也可以用have (no) trouble doing sth。如:
1)He has no difficulty understanding the Chinese film(看懂那部中国**他没有困难。)
2)I had a lot of trouble getting back to sleep after I answered the phone call(接过电话后,我无法再入睡。)
8…you may have made a commitment to a physical fitness program that might be rather narrow in scope
make (a) commitment to 意思是make a firm promise(作出),或者involvement(投入)。
Narrow in scope意思是范围很窄,很狭隘。我们接触过在形容词后面加介词in再加名词的机构,如similar in appearance(外表相像)。
9What could I achieve if I were really in top physical condition?
本句中用了虚拟语气,从句中用过去时(be动词用were),主句中用could或should / would / might加动词原形,表示的是与现在事实相反的假设,如:
1)If he were on time, we wouldn't have to wait for him(如果他能准时,我们就不用等他了。)
2) If they had time now, they would come to see us(如果他们现在有时间,他们就来看我们了。)
in top physical condition 意思是“身体很健康”。如:
The old man is in top (very good, excellent…) physical condition though he is already 76(老人虽已七十六岁,但身体非常健康。)
10 In the final analysis, we think that although fitness will not guarantee that you will live longer, it can help you enjoy the years you do live
in the final analysis意思是ultimately(归根结底),如:
They realized in the final / last analysis that their job was to tell public the facts(他们认识到他们的工作归根结底是把事实公诸于众。)
guarantee的意思是保证,担保,后面可跟名词;to do或that从句。如:
1) Wealth doesn't guarantee happiness(财富不能保证快乐。)
2)They guaranteed to finish the work in two hours(他们保证在两个小时内完成这项工作。)
3)I guarantee that they will win the game(我保证他们会赢这场比赛)。
do在句中起强调作用。
本课主要短语(phrases and expressions)
1set aside
2a misuse of
3no better than
4prepare for / make preparations for
5be physically fit
6be seen as
7rather than
8pro or con
9involvement in / be/become/get involved in
10 in pursuit of
11 be engaged in
12 have (no)difficulty doing sth
13 get support from
14 make commitment to
15 narrow in scope
16 approach to
17 in top physical condition
18 be capable of
19 keep in mind
20 in the final analysis
Text B people and colors
短语表达
1 in general
In general, girls do better on test about vocabulary than boys
In general, there are two different ideas about where to go
2 remind sb of sth
The way he walks reminds me of his father
The picture reminds me of the days I spent in the countryside
3 associate with
People usually associate the underground with something evil
They like to associate with people from all walks of life
4 react to
I cannot imagine how the audience will react to his speech
Young children react to the color of an object before they react to its shape
Unit3(第7讲—第10讲)
4 One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。
Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot
这两个都是表语从句和主句中的系动词连用的句子。结构为:主语+系动词+表语从句。请看下面的例句:My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible(我的想法是我们应该尽快跟他联系。)
请翻译下面的句子:
1) My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting(我的建议是我们应该把会议延期。)
2) One advantage of solar energy is that it will never be used up (太阳能的一个优点是用之不竭。)
3) 问题是你不在时谁照管孩子。 (The problem is who will take care of the children while you are away)
4) 看起来天要下雨。(It looks that it is going to rain)
请注意辨析another 和other:
another由 an+other构成,只和单数可数名词连用。other可用于所有名词前。another+单数名词表示不定的“另一个”,the other+单数可数名词表示特指的“另一个”。
请看下面的例句:
1) This idea is not very practical, will you think of another one? (这个主意不太实际,你能另想一个吗?)
2) This book is too difficult Show me another one(这本书太难了,给我看另外一本。)
3) Of the three books in my bag, two are published in China, the other is published in the United States(我包里的三本书中,两本是中国出版的,另一本是美国出版的。)
4) Tom is here, but where are the other boys?(汤姆在这儿,其他的男孩在哪儿呢?)
5) I like this coat better than the other one(两件上衣中,我更喜欢这一件。)
6) This camera is more expensive than the other one(这架照相机比另一架贵。)
boiling hot意思是“滚热的,酷热的”。此处的boiling不是形容词而是副词,表示热的程度,修饰hot
5 Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth
此句中,that引导的名词性从句作形容词的补足语。例如:
1) I am afraid that I can not finish the article in two hours (我担心我两小时内写不完这篇文章。)
2) He was afraid that he couldn't give you a definite answer (他担心他不能给你一个明确的答复。)
3) I am afraid that I have made a mistake(我担心自己犯了一个错误。)
4) We are confident that we can overcome all the difficulties (我们相信自己能克服所有的困难。)
对“be + 形容词 + that引起的从句”这类结构,语法家们有的认为that从句做宾语用,有的认为that从句做状语用。根据句子的逻辑意义来判断也许比较方便一些。如:I'm sorry that you failed the exam again 这个句子中的that从句起状语作用,相当于“…because you failed the exam again”
6 The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific,…
在第一单元中我们讨论过副词的同等比较。本句中as big as 则是形容词的同等比较。在这类句子中,可以有表示程度的状语。例如:
1) This book is not half as interesting as that one(这本书还不如那本书一半有趣。)
2) My monthly income is only half as much as his(我的月收入只有他的一半多。)
3) This year our university will enroll three times as many students as it did the year before last(我们学校今年的招生人数将是前年的三倍。)
请翻译下面的句子:
1) 我的英语口语还不及你的一半流利。(My spoken English is not half as fluent as yours)
2) 这只手提箱还没有那只手提箱一半重。(This suitcase is not half as heavy as that one)
3) 这个房间是那个房间的两倍。(This room is twice as large as that one)
7 But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers
suppose 常常做动词用,意思是“假定;猜想;认为”。例如:
1) Let's suppose it to be true(让我们假定这是真的。)
2) I suppose he is very nervous(我猜想他很紧张。)
3) I supposed him to be an honest man, but he often tells lies (我以为他很诚实,他却经常说谎。)
在本句中suppose(也可以用supposing)是一个连词,意思是“假设(= if);假使…结果会怎么样”。例如:
1) Suppose he is ill, what shall we do?(假如他病了,我们怎么办?)
2) Suppose a tiger should come out of the cage? (如果一只老虎从笼子中跑出来怎么办?)
3) Suppose something should go wrong?(如果出了什么问题会怎么样?)
8 It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up
it takes (sb) some time to do sth 是很常用的一个句型。例如:
1) 我骑自行车到学校要花半小时。(It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike)
2) 他花了两个星期时间才看完那本书。(It took him two weeks to finish reading that book)
请翻译下面的句子:
1) It took the boy three hours to finish his homework(那个男孩花了3小时才写完作业。)
2) It takes less than 4 hours to get to Shanghai by train from Nanjing(从南京乘火车到上海只要不到4小时。)
3) 他花了4天时间才走出密林。(It took him 4 days to go out of the forest)
4) 照顾一个生病的老人要花许多时间。(It will take a great deal of time to look after a sick old man
9 On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep, but in places it is much deeper
on the average在句子中的意思是“平均而言”。例如:
1) On the average, they drove 70 miles an hour(他们平均每小时行驶70英里。)
2) On the average, they spend 20 yuan on food every day(他们平均每天花20块钱吃饭。)
a little 在句子中修饰more,表示程度,意思是“一点儿,稍许”。much在句子中修饰deeper,也表示程度,加强形容词比较级,意思是“…多”。例如:
1) I feel a little cold(我觉得有点冷。)
2) He spent a little more than 20 yuan yesterday(昨天他花了20块多一点儿。)
3) I feel much better now(我现在感觉好多了。)
4) She is much more careful this time(她这一次细心多了。)
请翻译下面的句子:
1) 干了一天的工作,我觉得有点累。(I feel a little tired after a day's work)
2) 她对她的同学有点不友好。(She is a little unfriendly to her classmates)
3) 听了那个消息他开心多了。(He was much happier after hearing that news)
10 This “deep” measures 30,246 feet——almost 6 miles (96km)。
本句中的deep做名词用,意思是“深处”,“海渊”(水深超过3000英里)。
measure 在句子中做动词用,意思是“测量”,“有…深”。例如:
1) This room measures 10 metres across(这个房间宽10米。)
2) The bridge measures 17 kilometres long(这座桥长17公里。)
3) The water tank only measures 2 metres deep(这只水箱只有2米深。)
11 One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic
本句中的 longest与课文前几段中出现的narrowest,saltiest,deepest一样,都是形容词的级形式。因为这几个词是单音节词或是以元音结尾的双音节词,所以,级的构成是在词尾加-est对于大部分两个音节以上的形容词,级的构成是在形容词前面加most请看例句:
1) He wants to make everybody believe that he is the happiest person in the world(他想使每一个人相信他是世界上最幸福的人。)
2) This is the strongest horse I have ever seen(这是我所见过的壮的马。)
3) The boss wanted to find the most careful employees(老板想找最细心的雇工。)
4) 黄山是我所知道的最美的山之一。(Yellow Mountain is one of the most beautiful mountains I have ever known)
5) 这条高速公路是中国最长的。(This express way is one of the longest in China )
6) 这本书是三本书中最有意思的。(This book is the most interesting of the three)
rise 是一个不及物动词,在句子中的意思是“升起;隆起”。例如:
1) The sun rises in the east(太阳在东方升起。)
2) Give the child some medicine, his temperature is rising (给孩子服药,他的体温在升高。)
3) The mountain peak rises above the clouds(山峰高耸入云。)
请注意区别以下动词:
1) rise 不及物动词 (起立;上升,高耸;浮现)
The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell
The tower rises to a height of 70 feet
An idea rises in my mind
2) raise 及物动词 (举起;养育;提高;召集)
If you have any questions, please raise your hands
When Father was in the army, Mother had a hard time raising three children
The management promised to raise the workers'salary after the negotiation
He failed to raise the money for his father's heart operation
3) arise 不及物动词 (升起;出现;由…引起)
Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain
New problems arise when old ones are solved
His illness arose from malnutrition
4) arouse 及物动词 (唤醒;激起,引起)
The noise outside aroused him from sleep
The music aroused a feeling of homesickness in him
floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他语言环境中,floor当然有其他的意思。如;
1) He lives on the seventh floor(他住在7楼。)
2) The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter (冬天时,木地板给我温暖的感觉。)
3) He was given the floor at the meeting(他在会上得到了发言权。)
4)He decided to floor the kitchen with plastic tiles(他决定用塑料砖铺厨房地面。)
12 The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make island
top 在句中做名词用,意思是“顶部,山顶”。例如:
1) He was the first to climb to the top of the hill(他第一个爬上山顶。)
2) When we stand on the top of the mountain, the whole city is in sight(我们站在山顶时,整个城市尽收眼底)
请翻译下面的句子,注意top的词类和意思:
1) He shouted at the top of his voice(他放声高叫。)-n
2) He is running at the top of his speed(他正以最快的速度奔跑。)-n
3) He is the top student in the class(他是班上的尖子学生。)-adj
4) This is the top news of the week(这是本周的头条新闻。)-adj
5) His father is a top diplomatic advisor(他父亲是高级外交顾问。)-adj
6) Mother is going to top the cake with cream(妈妈准备在蛋糕上浇奶油。)-v
7) He tops his father by half a head(他比父亲高出半个头。)-v
8) She needs a new skirt to match her top(她需要一条新裙子配她的上衣。)-n
与top有关的词组:
come out top(名列前茅) come out on top(出人头地) from top to bottom(从上到下,彻底地) from top to toe(从头到脚;完全) on top of the world(非常幸福;心满意足)
13 Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea
called the Sargasso Sea 是修饰ocean的定语从句,在其前省去了which is
请看下面的例句:
1) Opportunities are often thing (that) you have not noticed the first time around
(机会常常是第一次出现时没有被人们注意到的东西。)
2) There is much (that) the little boy can do(有许多是那小男孩能做。)
3)He is the right person (that) I want to discuss the problem with(他正是我想与其讨论这个问题的人。)
14 In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here Sometimes they were
days常常指“时期,时代”,有时也表示“一生;生命”。请看例句:
1) In his boyhood days, he often went swimming and fishing with his friends(在他的童年时代,他常常和伙伴们一起游泳,钓鱼。)
2) In the days of Queen Victoria, the British colony expanded rapidly(在维多利亚女王时代,英国殖民地迅速扩张。)
3) He has experienced a lot of hardships in his days(他一生中吃了许多苦。)
crew是一个集合名词,指“全体船员”,后面的谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数,此句中谓语动词用的是复数were,因为从句子中可以推断出是许多vessels(船)上的船员。Sometimes they were句子中省略becalmed
15 The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores
furnish sth to sb 意思是“为…提供”,我们同样可以用furnish sb with sth来表达这个意思。例如:
They furnished blankets and food to the refugees(他们为难民供应毯子和食物。)
No one expected that he would furnish the information to the opponent(谁也没有料到他会把消息提供给对手。)
Luckily, they have furnished us with a car and all the necessary maps(幸运的是他们为我们提供了一辆汽车和所有必要的地图。)
16 One of its famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near Newfoundland
the Grand Banks在句子中做同位语。请看下面的例句:
1) This theory was advanced by Einstein, a famous scientist (这个理论是由科学家爱因斯坦提出的。)
2) This is Mr Benjamin, dean of our department(这是我们系主任本杰明先生。)
3) Qinghai Lake, the largest inland body of salt water in China, lies 3,198 metres above sea-level(中国的内陆咸水湖青海湖海拔3,198米。)
本课主要词组及句型
词组:
1 separate from 2 keep sb from doing sth
3 be unwilling to do sth 4 between A and B
5 make sth unusual 6 so…that
7 dry up 8 on the average
9 rise from 10 furnish sth for sb
11 pile up 12 from…to
句型:
A定语从句:
1) The Atlantic is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New
2) Ocean currents affect the climates of the land near which they flow
B表语从句:
1) One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。
2) Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot
C结果状语从句:
1) There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is
2) We now have such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller
D形容词的比较级和级:
1) The Atlantic is only half as big as the Pacific, but still it is very large
2) It is more than 4,000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it
3) Even at its narrowest it is about 2,000 miles wide
4) Also, it is the world's saltiest ocean
5) The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico
Ebe one of+复数名词
The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New
Fit takes sb some time to do sth
It would take the ocean about 4,000 years to dry up
地理名称
1(七)大洲和(四)大洋
Asia (亚洲) Europe(欧洲) Africa(非洲) North America(北美洲)
South America(南美洲) Oceania (大洋洲) the Antarctic(南极洲)
The Atlantic(大西洋) the Pacific(太平洋) the Indian(印度洋) the Arctic(北冰洋)
2常用词
continent (大陆) continental shelf(大陆架) subcontinent(次大陆) iceberg(冰山)
mountain range(山脉) volcano(火山) delta (三角洲) waterfall(瀑布)
gulf(海湾) straits; channel(海峡) coast line (海岸线) beach(海滩)
3 大西洋之最
1) The Atlantic is the second largest ocean in the world
2) The Atlantic is the saltiest ocean in the world
3) Puerto Rico Trench is the deepest in the Atlantic Ocean
4) Gulf Stream is the strongest warm water current in the Atlantic Ocean
5) The Grand Banks near Newfoundland is the most prosperous fishing region in the world
6) The drainage area of the Atlantic is four times that of the Pacific or the Indian
2 主要属海和岛屿
the Mississippi 密西西比河 the Hudson 哈得逊河 the Amazon 亚马逊河
the Congo 刚果河 Baffin Bay 巴芬湾 the Nigeria 尼日利亚河
the Rhine 莱茵河 the Caribbean Sea 加勒比海 the Mexican Gulf 墨西哥湾
the Hudson Bay 哈得逊湾 the Mediterranean Sea 地中海 the Black Sea 黑海
the North Sea 北海 the Baltic Sea 波罗的克海 Iceland 冰岛
Greenland 格陵兰岛 Faeroe Islands 法罗群岛 Shetland Islands 设得兰岛
Bermudas 百慕大群岛 Azores 亚速尔群岛 Grenada 格陵纳达岛
Antilles 安的列斯群岛 Trinidad Islands 特里尼达群岛 Malvinas Islands 马尔维纳斯群岛
Bahamas 巴哈马群岛
Text B The Moon
短语表达
1 tie to(与…联系在一起;使束缚于…)
He is seriously ill and has been tied to his bed for almost a month (他病得厉害,已经卧床近一个月了。)
Study ties smoking to many diseases(据研究,许多疾病与抽烟有关。)
I am sorry I didn't have the time to go shopping with you I was tied to housework(很抱歉我没能有时间和你一起去购物,家务杂事把我拴住了。)
2 except for(除了…之外)
The room is empty except for some chairs(房间里除了一些椅子空荡荡。)
Your composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes(除了几处拼写错误,你的文章写的不错)
3 be near to(靠近)
The park is near to our school Let's go boating(公园离我们学校很近,我们去划船吧。)
The police station is near to our community It is within walking distance
(警察局离我们社区很近,步行就能到达。)
4 face towards(朝向)
My office is in the building that faces towards the street(我的办公室在那座朝街的楼里。)
His new house faces towards the south(他的新房子朝南。)
5 keep…in mind(把…记在心里)
I am not sure if he would keep what you have said in mind (我不能肯定他是否会把你说的话记在心里。)
I will keep this in mind for future reference(我会记住这个,供以后参考。)
6 light up(变亮;使容光焕发)
Her face lighted up when she heard the news(听到那个消息,她面露喜色。)
His face was lighted (lit) up with excitement(他因兴奋而满面春风。)
7 reflect(反射)
Mirrors reflect light(镜子反射光。)
The white sand reflected the sun's heat(白沙地反射太阳的热气。)。
The light reflected from the water into my eyes(光线投过水面反射到我眼里。)
8 …enough for sb to do sth(足以让某人做某事)
The room is big enough for us to have a dancing party (这间房够大了,我们可以在里面开舞会。)
The basket is light enough for the little boy to carry(这只篮子很轻,那个小男孩能提动。)
9 speak of(提到,说起)
I have never heard him speak of his past(我从来没有听他提起他的过去。)
She always looks proud when she speaks of her son (说到她的儿子她总是很自豪的样子。)
10 otherwise(不然;另外的)
He reminded me of what I might otherwise have forgotten (他提醒了我,不然我可能会忘记那件事。)
He is a little careless, but he is otherwise quite suitable for the job(他有点粗心,除此以外,他倒是很适合这个工作的。)
He is honest, but his twin brother is otherwise(他很诚实,而他的孪生兄弟则不然。)
11 nothing but(仅仅,除了…之外没有什么)
There is nothing but a piece of bread in the cupboard(食橱里除了一片面包什么也没有。)
He asked for nothing but trust(除了信任,他什么要求都没有。)
新概念英语第三册课堂笔记 第六课
Lesson 6 Smash-and-grab 砸橱窗抢劫 New words and expressions 生词和短语
smash-and-grab n 砸橱窗抢劫 smash: (vt)break sthinto pieces violently (vi)The dishes smashed on the floor smash into: 撞击到某处 grab: seize suddenly catch: get hold of sth/sb moving snatch: catch sth/sb suddenly and violently seize: 强调抓住、抓到的结果 Fear seized her grasp: 强调“掌握” hold: 强调抓牢、抓紧
arcade n 有拱廊的街道(两旁常设商店)
Piccadilly n 皮卡迪利大街
jewllery n 珠宝(总称)
necklace n 项链
ring n 戒指
background n 背景 on the background of sth background information a man of excellent background
velvet n 天鹅绒,丝绒
headlight n (汽车等)前灯
blare v 发嘟嗜声,吼叫
staff n 全体工作人员
raid n 偷袭
scramble n 偷袭
scramble v 爬行 scramble(vi): creep quickly climb(vt): 爬上 mount: 登上
fantastic adj 非常大的 fantastic: very great /large strange wonderful
ashtray n 烟灰缸
Listen to the tape then answer the question below 听录音,然后回答以下问题。 How did Mr Taylor try to stop the thieves
The expensive shops in a famous near Piccadilly were just "opening At this time of the morning, the arcade was almost empty Mr Taylor, the owner of a jewellery shop was admiring a new display Two of his assistants had been working busily since eight o'clock and had only just finished Diamond necklaces and rings had been beautifully arranged on a background of black velvet After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr Taylor went back into his shop The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights on and its home blaring, roared down the arcade It came to a stop outside the jeweller's One man stayed at the wheel while two others with black stocking over their faces jumped out and smashed the window of the shop with iron bars While this was going on, Mr Taylor was upstairs He and his staff began throwing furniture out of the window Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade One of the thieves was struck by a heavy statue, but he was too busy helping himself to diamonds to notice any pain The raid was all over in three minutes, for the men scrambled back into the car and it moved off at a fantastic speed Just as it was leaving, Mr Taylor rushed out and ran after it throwing ashtrays and vases, but it was impossible to stop the thieves They had got away with thousands of pounds worth of diamonds
参考译文
皮卡迪利大街附近的一条拱廊街道上,几家高档商店刚刚开始营业。在早晨的这个时候,拱廊街上几乎空无一人。珠宝店主泰勒先生正在欣赏新布置的橱窗。他手下两名店员从早上8点就开始忙碌,这时刚刚布置完毕。钻石项链、戒指漂亮地陈列在黑色丝绒上面。泰勒先生站在橱窗外凝神欣赏了几分钟就回到了店里。 宁静突然被打破,一辆大轿车亮着前灯,响着喇叭,呼啸着冲进了拱廊街,在珠宝店门口停了下来。一人留在驾驶座上,另外两个用黑色长筒丝袜蒙面的人跳下车来。他们用铁棒把商店橱窗的玻璃砸碎。这开始发生时,泰勒先生正在楼上。他与店员动手向窗外投掷家具,椅子,桌子飞落花流水在拱廊街上。一个窃贼被一尊很重的雕像击中,但由于他忙着抢钻石首饰,竟连疼痛都顾不上了。这场抢劫只持续了3分钟,因为窃贼争先恐后地爬上轿车,以惊人的速度开跑了。就在轿车离开的时候,泰勒先生从店里冲了出来,跟在车后追赶,一边还往车上扔烟灰缸、花瓶。但他已无法抓住那些窃贼了。他们已带着价值数千镑的首饰逃之夭夭了。
课文讲解
介词短语修饰shops
The shoe shop im my neighborhood was just opening
BeiJing,our capital,is develping enormously(at fantastic speed)
运用ing形式结构,其逻辑主语要和主句的主语保持一致
本课的重点结构句式:with的符合结构: with its headlights on and its horn blaring 如果宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上有主谓关系,应该采用动词的ing形式; 如果是动宾关系,应该采用过去分词形式作宾补; 如果是说明当时的情况,常用形容词、副词、介词短语表明宾语的状态 如果表达某事将要展开发生,要用动词不定式to
She sat staring into the distance with tears streaming down her cheeks She stood there with her hands resting on her hips He ran into the room with his face covered with tears With his hornework finished,he felt happy He used to sleep with all the windows open He went out with his hat on With the meeting over,we went home He came in with a knife in his hand Tow others with black stockings over their faces jumped out With a lot of work to do,he can't to to the cinema
with用于句首或句尾,常表示状语、行为方式、原因、伴随状况等; 如果跟在名词之后,是用来修饰限定该名词 a thief with stocking over his face a teacher with a book under his arm a room with the windows open
come to 后面常接名词,表示达到 come to a stop,come to an end,come to a decision,come to an agreement,come to an understanding,come to success,come to fame 停车 stop,draw up ,pull up at the barber's,at the butcher's,at the baker's,at the greengrocer's,at the grocer's,at the stationer's,at the tobacconist's,at the chemist's
help oneself to: 自便 My roommate helped herself to my clothes without asking me
at a fantastic speed/at a tremendous speed/at a high(full)speed with great speed
hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of jewel
Special difficulties World building 前缀构词法 如何运用常见的前缀 dis- agreeable disagreeable content discontent graceful disgraceful honest dishonest satisfactory dissatisfactory dis还可以加在名词前 agreement disagreement honesty dishonesty ability disability grace disgrace comfort discomfort dis可以加在动词前 agree disagree appear disappear believe disbelieve dis--还可表示除去、解除 在名词前加dis得到动词形式 courage discourage root disroot mask dismask burden disburden
il--加在以i开头的形容词之前 legal illegal logical illogical literate illiterate
im--加在以b,m,p开头的形容词之前 possible impossible mortal immortal moral immoral balanced imbalanced
ir-加在以r开头的形容词之前 regular irregular rational irrational resistible irresistlble
in--主要用于其它字母开头的词之前 human inhuman correct incorrect justice injustice sincere insincere
un--只能用于形容词和动词之前 不 happy unhappy friendly unfriendly lucky unlucky 无 conditional unconditional limited unlimited 非 official unofficial just unjust 未,主要用于过去分词之前 undecided unfinished unexpected unhurt 用于动词之前表示做相反的动作 lock unlock tie untie cover uncover pack unpack dress undress load unload
Exercise 1polite impolite 2agree disagree 3legible illegible 4accurate inaccurate 5locked unlocked 6regular irregular
Mutiple choice questions
1B正确 on one's way to do He is on the way to become a lawyer
2A正确 warn somebody out of one's way in one's way
3C正确
4名词具有修饰词的时候,语序的排列顺序通常是形容词、名词 an old village school C正确
5B正确 做句子结构题时要和原文加以对比
6made of A正确
7began doing something/began to do something A正确
8D正确
9accelerated: 加速 A正确 speed: 加快动作和工作的进程 speed up We'd better speed up,if we want to get there in time The driver accelerated to pass the other car The car sped along the road reversed: 倒车 The car reversed through the gate
10Two others 和their faces同位语关系 A正确 overdressed I fell rather overdressed in this smart suit overlooked: 俯瞰
11for the time being--temporarily B正确 meanwhile--at the same time As it happened--这类事情的发生 for a while --for a moment
12flown--fly 不能用于被动语态 go flying send something flying A gust of wind sent the paper flying in all directions hurled: 用力的去投掷 C正确 projected: send up
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