初二英语上册短语知识点集
MODULE1 1、如有always ,often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, once a,every用一般现在时,第一、二人称复数后跟动词原形,第三人称单数后跟动词加's'/'es'。
2、如有now ,look! ,listen, at the moment 用现在进行时,结构是be (am, is, are) +v-ing
3、如有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, from now on, in +一段时间, some day, next用一般将来时,结构:will + v原 \ be going to +v原(没有动词用be )
4、如有yesterday, ago , lastjust now用一般过去时动词加ed
give sb Sth=give sth to sb 给某人某物 every day每天,
write down 写下,记下write it (them) down everyday每天的,日常的,
how about doing sth=what about doing sth做怎么样 each other 互相
thanks a lot= thank you very much非常谢谢
回答That's all right =You're welcome= That'OK= It's my pleasure=Not at allWhy don't you+V原=why not+V原 为什么不
help sb with sth 在某方面帮助别人 help sb (to )do sth帮助某人做某事
with one's help=with the help of sb在某人的帮助help oneself to sth请自用食物
watch sb do sth 看到某人做了某事,(现在没有做,做过)
watch sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事(正在做)see, hear类似
remember to do sth想起记得要做某事,未做事 remember doing sth相起记得做过某事
forget to do sth 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth忘记做过某事
welcome back欢迎回来 , new term新学期
this term这学期 , next term 下学学期,
last term上学期, give you some advice给你一些建议,
why not 为什么不, make a mistake=make mistakes犯错误,
correct spelling正确的拼写, what else=what other things 还有什么
a piece of advice 一条建议, follow /take one's advice采用别人的建议,
send sth to sb=send sb sth 寄给某人 send for派人去请/取
send up发射 all the time一直
enjoy oneself=have a good time=have a great time=have fun, 玩得愉快
lots of =a lot of =many(可数)\much(不可数)许多 , ,
spend : sb spend some time on sth某人花费时间做某事
sb spend some time (in) doing sth 某人花费时间做某事
Sb spend some money on sth 某人花费钱买某物
Sb spend some money (in) buying sth某人花费钱买某物
Cost: sth cost sb some money 某物花去某人钱
pay: sb pay some money for sth 某人支付钱
Take: It takes (took) sbsome time to do sth做某事花去某人时间
ask for 请求,要求, ask sb for sth向某人要某物
ask sb to do sth要求某人做某事 a piece of一块
enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事finish,practise, mind, miss ,consider,keep, continue,这些词语后跟动名词形式V-ing
place sthin =put sth in 把某物放在…里面
else常修饰不定代词,关系代词或副词,也可修饰all, much,little等,else要位于其后。所有格为else's
take a deep breath深呼吸, catch\hold one's breath屏住呼吸,
out of breath上气不接下气, wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事,
the number of …的数目,后跟名词复数,动词用三单, a number of =many,大量,许多后跟名词复数,动词用复数形式。a large number of, a small number of ,
invite sbto do sth 邀请某人做某事 find+ it+ adj+to do sth发现做某事怎么样
try to do sth尽力做事 try doing sth 尝试做某事
try not to do sth 尽力不做某事 try one's best尽某人最大的努力,
a group of 一组,一群, borrow sth from sb从某人处借入某物,
lend sthto sb=lend sbsth借给某人某物 keep借一段时间
practice doing sth,练习做做某事 come from=be from来自,
look for 寻找, look after=care for=take care of照顾
look up 向上看,查阅, look like看起来像,
look at 看着, look on sb as把某人看作,
look forward to doing sth 盼望,期待做某事 look over检查,翻阅 ,
look out当心,向外看 , look through仔细查看,
be ready for =get ready for=prepare for为…, be ready准备好 ,
be (get ) ready to do sth准备做某事,乐意做某事 translate…into… 将…译成…,
take a message捎个信, leave a message留个信,
be good for 对…有好处, be good at =do well in擅长于…
be poor at =be bad at =do badly in=be weak in不擅长… Think of 想起,
think about想出, think over仔细考虑,
else修饰不定代词something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,
nobody和who, what,when,where时放后,
四说,1,speak说语言,2say说内容,3,talk与谁说,4,tell告诉,讲述,
四看,1,watch观看电视,比赛和表演,2,see看人,**,医生,风景,
3,read看书,报,4,look就看。 看场**要用see,读书看报用read 电视、戏剧、比赛,凡是表演用watch,observe细观察,一时注意用notice
make+宾语+补足语(形容词)使某人某物怎么样。
make+宾语+do 让某人做某事
make+宾语+过去分词 使某人被怎么样;make friends with sb与某人交朋友,
hear of听说, hear from收到某人的来信,
be bad for对…有害, it is +adj+of sb +to do sth写性格,品质 kind, good
nice ,right,wrong,clever,careless,polite,foolish等。
It is+adj+for sb +to do sth 对物的评价difficult,easy hard,dangerous,important,等
write to… 给…写信, next to 在…旁边,
do some concerts办音乐会, speak to sb和某人讲话,
say hello to sb 给某人问好, say bye to sb向某人说再见,
show sb around somewhere带某人参观某地, learn sth from sb向某人学习
choose the correct answers选择正确答案, correct the mistakes改错,
match …with…把…和…搭配起来
建议:1why don't you do sth=why not do sth
2How about doing sth=what about doing sth
3You should /can do sth 4Remember to do sth
5Don't forget to do sth 6can you do sth
7Let's do sth 8It'sa good idea to do
9would you like to do 10Shall we do
11You'd better (not )do sth
回答:That's a good ideaThanks a lot
Great, OK That's right All right Good idea Sure
MODULE2 现在完成时:
1表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或结果,常与recently, ever, never,already,yet ,just,before still连用;
2表示发生在过去并且一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与for+时间段或since+时间点连用。
结构:have(has)+过去分词,
get into=enter进入, what's the price of …=how much is …问价格
dream about梦到, dream of 梦见,
around the world=all over the world全世界, stay with sb与某人呆一起
stay in bed呆在床上 , stay at home呆在家里,
take off 脱下,起飞, land on/in /at 着路,
all over China,全中国, take a seat =have a seat请坐 ,
come ture实现, fly to =go to by plane(by air),坐飞机
drive to =go to …by car开车, walk to =go to…on foot步行去
sell out 卖光, at the end 在结束时, at the end of在…尽头/结尾 ,
have been to去过(现在不在那儿) , have gone to 去了(现在不在说话地)
everyday English日常英语, first price一等奖,
The most exciting experience最激动人心的经历, before long不久,
long before=soon=a little later很久以前, no problem没问题,
have a problem in doing sth做某事有困难, work out a problem解决一个问题,
invite sb to do sth,邀请某人做某事 invite sb to some place邀请某人去某地,
one day,某一天,(过去或将来) some day某一天(将来) ,
连系动词,一是be (am, is ,are ,was ,were,)一感觉feel ,一保持keep,三变become,get turn,
四起来taste ,smell , look, sound,后跟形容词作表语。
不定代词:somebody, some one某人,anybody,anyone任何人nobody,no one,没人everyone,everybody每个人,something某物 ,anything任何物,nothing没事,everything一切事物,修饰他们的形容词放后。
different kinds of =all kinds of 不同种类的,各种各样的,
by the end of 到…末为止,不迟于
give a concert=give concerts举办音乐会, in the end =finally,最后,终于,
take a photo=take photos照相,店 cook sth for sb=cook sbsth 为某人做饭buy,make
such+a /an +adj+单数名词=so +adj+a/an+单数名词 (名前such,形副so,多多少少也用so,little属特殊,“小”用such,少用so)
交通工具的乘坐,take the(a) +交通工具to , =goby+交通工具=goon /in+a(the)+交通工具(小汽车只能用in ,其余的可用in ,on);
walk to some where=go toon foot; fly to somewhere=go by plane
ride to somewhere=goby bike, drive to somewhere=go to by car,
a kind of一种 , be kind to sb对某人友善 since then从那时起,
take off 脱下,起飞,请假, reckon=consider =regard =think考虑,认为,
be reckoned (to be) ,被以为 reckonas 相当于
regard as把当成 in the photo,在照片里
go abroad,出国 be abroad,在国外 travel abroad,到国外旅行
sell out,卖光 sell to , 卖给某人 sell well卖得好 ,
四个也:also,肯定,行前be 后;too肯定,句末;either,否定,句末;as well,肯定,句末。
go to sleep,去睡觉 the price of,的价格,形容价格用high,low。
sell sth at a high price,以高价出售, sell sth at a low price,以低价出售。
yet ,用于完成时态的否定句和疑问句中;have a wonderful time 玩得高兴,
would like to do sth=want to do sth,想要做某事
would like sb to do sth=wat sb to do sth想要某人做某事
MODULE3
already早已,用于完成时的肯定,; yet,用于完成时的否定和疑问; just,用于完成时
just now=a moment ago用于过去时,
arrive at (小地方)/in(大地方)=reach=get to ,到达
bring,从外往里拿, take ,从里往外拿, carry无方向, fetch往返拿,
more than ,=over,多于 less than,少于
alone,个体单独,独自; lonely,孤独,寂寞,也表示荒凉,
most of 的大多数, a visit to 对 的参观,
on a visit to,参观 for a visit 参观, pay a visit to ,拜访
as as和一样 not as as=not so as 不如,
so that如此以致于如果that后是否定,就可以用tooto转换,如果是肯定就用,形容+enough(for sb )to do sth
be famous for 因面著名(原因), be famous as以身份或产地而著名
prefer doing sth to doing sth=like doing sth better than doing sth更喜欢做某事,
prefer to 更喜欢 prefer to do sth rather than do sth宁愿做某事而不愿做某事,
return from a visit to 从访问返回, be named after 以的名字命名,
be proud of 以自豪, be up to sb由某人决定,
up to 从事于,忙于, space station在太空站,
show sth to sb=show sb sth把某物给某人看, on business出差,因公事,
在的上面 over,在上面,正上方,中间有段空间,反义为under
on 在上面,贴着物表,反义beneath, above在上方,高出,反义below
in the sky=in the air在天空中, by air=by plane坐飞机,
in the last three years在过去三年里,用于现在完成时,
none 用于三个以上的全否定,反义为all;neither两个都不,反义为both,
the lastest news,最新消息, share sthwith sb与分享某物
MODULE4 get on /along with sb,与相处, get on well with sb与相处融洽
hear about ,hear of 听说, in fact实际上,
the Hope Schools,希望学校 look after=take care of =care for,照顾
drop out of school,缀学 take part in, 参加
pay for ,支付,付钱 how long ,多长时间
how soon,多久 get on badly with ,与相处不好
hear from sb收到某人的信,电子邮件等 on the farm ,在农场上
in the last+一段时间,in th past +一段时间in the recent+ 一段时间,这三个用于现在完成时
because of因为 , sell sthto sb=sell sb sth,把某物卖给某人
buy sth from buy sth for sb给某人买东西 get an education接受教育,
take part in=join参加, in good/bad health身体健康/不健康,
care about关心,在乎, take care 当心,
how often隔多久一次, stop doing sth停止做某事,
stop to do sth停下来去做别的事, dress /undressr+人,
put on/wear/take off+衣, drop out 退出,离队,
drop in 顺便来访, drop out of school 退学
point at 指着, point to 指向,put on one's clothes穿上衣服
with the help of sb=wiht sb's help 在别人的帮助下without the help of sb无人帮助的情况 at home and abroad在国内外
非延续性动词变为延续动词:
buy--have open--be open join --be in borrow--keep die ---be dead
leave--be away come here---be here go there--be there begin--be on
finish--be over make friends--be friends get ready--be ready buy--get /have
arrive/get to /reach/come--be in \be at /stay, put on--have on /wear get up--be up
可延续性动词不可以与for 或since 连用,非延续性动词的否定式也可以和for /since连用
other其他的,另外的,别的; another另一个人或事物;
the other两个中的另一个; the others其余的,剩下的人或事物;
others其他的,另外的,别的人或物
MODULE 5 on earth ,究竟,到底,可用在when ,what ,who,where,how ,which,why 等之后,相当于in the world,用在否定句中相当于not at all;
a fan of ,的迷 give a concert =give concerts,举行音乐会
be famous for ,因而著名(后+人或物某方面的特点,特长)
be famous as ,作为而闻名(后+身份职业)
at the age of =when sbwasyears old, 在岁的时候
not onlybut also不仅而且(就近原则)上 classical music,古典音乐
belong to ,属于 sth belong to sb 物属于人
across ,从一定范围内的一边到另一边,表面进行through,从中间通过或穿过,里面进行;over上方通过,不接触表面;
hear of 听说, be born出生, go through穿过,
I'm not sure我不确定, I'm sure肯定,
make sb+adj使某人怎么样, make sb do sth使某人做某事,
take sb around带人四处走走, a piece of music一首乐曲,
in addition to 除以外,buy him a guitar=buy a guitar for him给某人买吉他,
go on with sth继续做某事, go on doing sth继续做某事,
die of 患而死,常接hunger, cold, illness,cancer内部原因,
die from由于,而死,常接a wound ,an accident,carelessness外部原因,
learn to do sth学做某事, learn from sb向某人学习,
Learnby heart熟记,背诵, learn one's lesson from从 中吸取教训,
反意疑问句:
1先断"定",判断是否定或肯定
如有not ,never, few, little, hardly, no ,nobody,seldom,nothing等词,则是否定,后面该用肯定
2后找"动",观察前面的动词,若含有或情态动词直接用,若为实义动词原形,用do,三单用does,过去式用did, had better用had
3换代,主语定代词,三单用he ,she ,it ,复用they we ; somebody,nobody 类似的用they,和thing一起的用
4肯定祈使句,反问句部分可用will you /won't you ?否定祈使句,用will you ?
5Let's用shall we let us用will you,
6在think,believe,suppose+从句结构中,疑问句部分与从句保持一致,同时主句的否定转移到从句中; 但第二,三人称与主句保持一致:I don't think you have done it ,have you /He doesn't think you have done it ,does he即:当主句人称是一,从句是二时,看二;当主句是三时,就看三。
7回答只针对事实作答;Yes+肯定 ,No+否定
give sbsth=give sthto sb 给某人某物,give in投降,
give up doing sth 放弃, give out 分发,
give a way to 对让步, on the earth在地球上,
bothand既又 就近原则 neithernor既不又不,就近原则
eitheror要么要么there be, not onlybut also就近原则,,
may be可能是 maybe=perhaps大概,也许
In addition to 除以外(还有) =besides, but 除之外,,常与否定意义词连用,当but前有do时but后接原形, except,除之外(不包括)
on holiday度假, of course=,sure当然
all types of呼种 , part time job,一份兼职工作
on one's own独自 , be led by由带领
MODULE 6 过去进行时
用法:1表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或正存在的状态,一般常和at that time,at 点yesterday,then,last night,this time yesterday ,the whole morning,when I arrived 等特定的过去时间连用。
2表示一个过去动作发生时或发生之后,另一个动作正在进行或两个延续性过去的动作同时进行,常与when,while引导的时间状语从句连用。
结构:was /were +V-ing
go on 继续, go on doing sth继续做某事(同一件事),
go on to do sth 继续做某事(另一件事),
go on with sth继续做同一件事,但中间暂停过,
How is it going =How are you getting on /along近况如何
by the river,在河边
at this time yesterday昨天 的这个时候, in a tree=in the tree ,在树上(外来物)
on a tree =on the tree,在树上,(树本身的) smile at sb 朝着某人微笑,
laugh at sb嘲笑某人 fall into ,掉进,跌入
fall off 掉下来, fall behind ,落后,跟不上
fall in love with,爱上 be careful,小心
by mistake由于出错 at taht /this time在那/这时
have nothing to do 没事可做, nothing strange没什么奇怪的,
take sth out of 把从拿出来, happen to do sth碰巧做某事
感官动词see ,hear ,watch,feel ,notice,smell,taste后+名词或代词+动词原形(表示动作已经发生)后+名词或代词+Ving(表示动作正在进行)
under th hedge在树篱下面, go down下去,
think about 考虑, think of想起,认为 ,
think over仔细考虑, think out,想出
think hard,努力想,努力思考 What happened to sb某人发生了什么事?
be on 上演, go off熄灭,停,
英语中当几个单数人称同时作主语时,先后顺序是“二、三、一”
not until直到才(主句中常用非延续性动词)
till/until直到为止(主句中常用延续性动词)
something wrong with,出了毛病,lie in bed 躺在床上,
jump out of从跳出来 ,on one's way to someplace,在某人去某地的路上
on one's way home在某人回家的路上,from to,从到(动词+Ving)
when,while ,as的区别 当时候
When可与持续性动词连用,表示"一段时间,"也可与短暂性动词连用,表示"时刻"主句的动作可以与从句的动作同时发生,也可以先后发生如果主从句都是短暂性动词时,只能用When
While表示主句和从句的动作同时发生其从句的动词必须为延续性动词,从句多用进行时态,也可用表示状态的动词的一般时态如果主从句都是进行时,只能用While
as与When同义,但as指主句的动作和从句的动作交替进行或同步发展
wear out 穿坏,穿旧,用坏, cheer up 使振奋;使兴奋,
follow one's advice听从某人的建议, look into向的里面看,
stop to do sth 停下做另一件事 stop doing sth停止做某事
stop from doing sth阻止做某事, what kind哪种,
a kind of一种, all kinds of =different kinds of 各种各样的,
kind of =a bit=a little 有点, walk along沿着走,
by mistake 错误地,无意地, by oneself单独,独立地,
by the way, 顺便说 墙的表面用on,墙的内部用in
have something to do有事可做 ,have something to eat有可吃的东西 ,
have nothing to drink没有什么喝的东西 feel tired感到疲劳
no one,一般不与of连用,动词用单数,只指人,一般用来回答who
none ,可与of连用,动词可用单数或复数,指人或物,回答how many /how much引导的问句,以及含any+n 的一般问句
Nothing,指物,动词用单数,
without doing sth没做,be tired=get tired累了,
during the day 一整天,
被动语态的结构是:be+及物动词的过去分词
变法:1主+谓+宾语将宾语变作主语,将谓语变被动语态,将主语变by宾语
2主+谓+间宾+直宾 将间接宾语变作主语,谓语变成被动语态,直接宾语不变
3主+谓+直宾+间宾+to或for 将直变主,将谓变被告,其余不变by原主
4主+谓+宾+宾补 宾作主,谓变被,其余不变,by原主
5主+谓+宾+宾补(let,see,make ,hear,watch ,feel, help, notice,observe,look at ,listen
to )变为被动时,后加to
6主+短语动词+宾语, 宾作主,短变被,其余不变,by原主
7带有be going to,be about to ,be to ,have to ,used to ,be supposed to ,be sure to
等要将to后来动词变以被动
8被动语态的每种时态
实际上膝关节做完手术,很多人看自己膝关节都会显得有点肿,肿胀主要是这几个原因。
一、炎性反应所有人做完手术之后,无论说本身手术的创伤,还是当时受伤的创伤,实际上对关节都是容易产生炎性反应,静脉、毛细血管破坏导致的静脉回流不畅。所以关节就会的确有一些肿。有的时候关节内也会有一些积液,包括术前 术后都有可能会有一些积液的,所以关节的确是肿的。
这种情况需要向医生咨询是否感染了,还是普通的发炎,接着遵循医嘱,保持良好的休息,配合冰敷一般情况下可以消肿。
二、创伤导致滑膜增生做完手术之后的关节还有创伤的,所以多少都会有一些关节的滑膜增生的表现。正常情况下,滑膜分泌液体来润滑关节,但是如果出现了滑膜炎,这个时候滑膜会出现增生,分泌量增大,形成关节积液。
滑膜增生一般来说不会很短期就消退,快的话可能三个月左右,慢的话也有半年左右的时间,这个不用特殊处理,慢慢随着时间慢慢就消退了。
三、股四头肌萎缩第三个原因是比较典型的,很多膝关节做完手术的人,由于缺少运动,股四头肌很快就出现一个萎缩,表现就是股四头肌这块有一个凹陷,膝关节就显得稍微高一点,显的关节是肿的,这是视觉上的误区。
四、如何有效消肿呢?1、抬高肢体,最好让创口部位的水平位置等于,甚至高于心脏。可以加速血液循环,促进伤口愈合。
2、非手术创口部位加强活动,促进循环。如果过于疼痛,则停止休息。
3、包扎不能过紧,要松紧适度。压力绷带能够限制毛细血管的出血量,也有助于控制受伤区域的炎症。
4、局部冷敷,不要热敷。每天冰敷15~20分钟,每天4次。后期腿部练习角度时,每次锻炼后必须冰敷消肿。
5、药物(全身+局部)。注意:药物一定要在医生指导下用,不能自己擅自使用。防止引起不适。
6、学会使用拐杖。使用拐杖走路可以降低负重,降低疼痛。
最后随着时间的推移,进行正常的康复训练、肌力训练,肿胀的情况也就慢慢得到缓解了。如果肿胀通过冰敷或者各种理疗还是不好,包括组织间隙的肿胀或者液体性肿胀,长期存在不消退的,这个时候就要去找医生复查,看看肿胀的原因到底是什么。
健身,酸痛在所难免,你的健身计划还算不错,平时多注意休息就行了,时间长了乳酸就会消失肱三痛了就少练三头吧,其他该练的继续练吧,酸痛还可以,但别拉伤了肌肉,所以锻炼前要充分热身,这你肯定知道 祝你成功!
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