使役动词的具体用法是什么?

make 使…… （有轻微强迫之意）

1make +宾语+do 迫使某人做某事，被动语态为be made to do sth

— The boy made the girl cry 男孩把女孩惹哭了。

— The girl was made to cry by the boy 女孩被男孩惹哭了。（被动）

2make+宾语+adj/adv/prep 使……处于某种状态 ，使变得……

— His illness made him very weak 他的病使他很虚弱。

— This boring soap opera made me sleepy 这无聊的肥皂剧让我想睡觉。

3make +宾语+doing 使……处于某种状态，强调动作的主动性

— The story made him feeling sad 这个故事使他很难受。

— The bad weather made me staying at home yesterday 昨天,坏天气是我一天

都呆在家里。

4make +宾语+done 使……处于某种状态，强调动作的被动性

— Please speak louder to make yourself heard 请讲大声一点以便让别人听你。

— The heavy bag made the chair broken 这个重重的包把椅子压坏了。

5make +宾语+n 使……成为……

— We made him the leader of the team 我们让他当我们的队长。

— She made her diary her best friend 她把日记当做她最好的朋友。

let使，让

1let +宾语+do 让……做，较少用于被动语态

— Let’s go there, shall we 让我们去那里，好吗？

2let+宾语+adv/prep 让……，多表示方向

— Don’t let the dog out of the room 他把狗放出了房间。

— Please let me in 请让我进去。

have使，让，不用于被动语态

1have +宾语+done

(1)叫、让、请，致使别人做某事，动作的执行者不是主语也不是宾语而是别人。（强调主观的意志，即主语的意志致使某事发生或被做到） — I’ll have my bike repaired this afternoon 今天下午我要请人修自行车。

— I have my hair cut every month 我每个月都理发。

表示主观意志的have也可以用get代替，例如： — Where can I get（have）this printed？我在哪里能（找人）把这份东西打印出 来呢？

(2)遭遇不幸事件（与主观意志完全无关） — He had his wallet stolen at the station 他的钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。

— He has his leg broken in a fall．他的腿摔断了。

2．have +宾语+do 让……做某事，动作执行者为宾语

— He had her go there 他让她去那儿。

— I have my children clean the house before you arrive．在你们来之前，我 让孩子们把屋子打扫干净了。 这个结构中have有时也可以用get代替，但这时后面的动词不定式需带to，例如： —I got him to write a letter to my boss．我要他写一封信给我的雇主。

3 have +宾语+adj（形容词）/adv（副词）/prep（介词） 促使某一动作发生，或使役动作产生的变化结果或状态。

— Please have your money ready 请准备好钱。

4 have +宾语+doing 让……持续做某事，或处于某种状态。动作执行者为句子宾语，但动词必须为持续性动词，后面常接时间段。

— He had her standing in the rain for two hours 他让她在雨中站了两个小时。 或表示动作执行者打算做的事或预期的目标。

— We’ll soon have your car going again 很快我们就会让你的车从新启动起来的。 还可以表示不愿引起某种后果 — Don't shout ！you'll have the neighbours complaining别大声嚷！你会遭四邻抱怨的。 注意：用于否定句时，表示“允许” — I won’t have you smoking in the sitting room我不允许你在起居室抽烟。

keep使，让，保持

1keep +宾语+doing 使某人处于做某事的状态中，强调动作延续一段时间

— I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long 对不起，让您久等了。

2keep +宾语+adj/adv/prep 使……处于特定状态

— Please keep the classroom clean 请保持教室干净。

3keep +宾语+done 使……处于被动状态

— I can’t keep my eyes shut to all this 对于这一切我不能熟视无睹。

leave让，使，带走 既可用于主动语态也可用于被动语态

1leave +宾语+to do sth让某人做某事，强调未来动作

— Leave him to do it himself 让他自个儿去做这件事吧。

2leave +宾语+doing 让某人做某事，或继续处于某种状态，强调当时正在发生的动作

— What he said left me thinking deeply 他的话使我陷入了沉思。

— Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain 外面下雨，别让她在外面等 了。

3leave +宾语+done 使……处于某种被动状态，强调动作的被动性

— We can’t leave such an important matter unfinished 我们不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。

4leave 宾语+adj/adv/prep使……处于某一特定状态

— Who left the door open？ 谁让门开着？

— Don’t leave the door unlocked 别忘了锁门。

一、常见使役动词Have的用法

1、Have+宾语+do，该句式结构表示的是主语要让宾语做某事，例如：

The gentleman had his servant help the lady

那位先生让他的仆人去帮助那位**。

2、Have+宾语+现在分词，该句式结构表示让某人一直处于某种状态或动作当中，例如：

She had Tom waiting her for two days

她让汤姆一直等了她两天。

3、Have+宾语+过去分词，该句式结构表示主语让别人为自己做某事，例如：

Jacky had his phone stolen on the station yesterday

杰克说他的手机昨天在车站让人给偷了。

二、常见使役动词make的用法

1、Make+宾语+do，该句式结构表示主语要让宾语做某事，例如：

The boy made his friend stand there

那个男孩让他的朋友站在那。

2、Make+宾语+过去分词，该句式结构中的宾语指代人时一般都需要用到反身代词，例如：

He put his phone closed to make himself heard

他把他的手机离得更近了，以至于可以让自己听见。

3、Make+宾语+adj，该句式结构中宾语可以是单词，也可以是从句，例如：

The ending made him very happy

这个结局让他非常开心。

三、常见使役动词Let的用法

1、Let+宾语+do，该句式结构表示的主语让宾语做某事，例如：

Let Lily stay at home and do her homework

让莉莉呆在家里做家庭作业吧。

2、Let+宾语+副词/介词

Who let you into my room

谁让你进我房间的？

四、get：使成为/变得某种状态或结果。

I can’t get the old radio to work

我无法让那旧收音机工作起来。（接带to不定式作宾补）

五、leave：使保持/处于某种状态

Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened

你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗

惊讶类：astonish; amaze;shock; surprise

恐惧类；terrify; scare ;frighten

失望----disappoint;discourage

鼓励---encourage ;inspire

高兴--delight;please; excite

疲劳--- tire;exhaust

放松--relax

interest,amuse,entertain;

系动词亦称联系动词（Link

Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

说明：

有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：

He

fell

ill

yesterday

他昨天病了。（fell是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）

He

fell

off

the

ladder

他从梯子上摔下来。fell是实义动词，单独作谓语。

1）状态系动词

用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

He

is

a

teacher

他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）

2）持续系动词

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,

rest,

remain,

stay,

lie,

stand,

例如：

He

always

kept

silent

at

meeting

他开会时总保持沉默。

This

matter

rests

a

mystery

此事仍是一个谜。

3）表像系动词

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem,

appear,

look,

例如：

He

looks

tired

他看起来很累。

He

seems

(to

be)

very

sad

他看起来很伤心。

4）感官系动词

感官系动词主要有feel,

smell,

sound,

taste,

例如：

This

kind

of

cloth

feels

very

soft

这种布手感很软。

This

flower

smells

very

sweet

这朵花闻起来很香。

5）变化系动词

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,

grow,

turn,

fall,

get,

go,

come,

run

例如：

He

became

mad

after

that

自那之后，他疯了。

She

grew

rich

within

a

short

time

她没多长时间就富了。

6）终止系动词

表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,

trun

out,

表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：

The

rumor

proved

false

这谣言证实有假。

The

search

proved

difficult

搜查证实很难。

His

plan

turned

out

a

success

他的计划终于成功了。（turn

out表终止性结果）

make 使 （有轻微强迫之意） \x0d\\x0d\1make +宾语+do 迫使某人做某事，被动语态为be made to do sth \x0d\\x0d\— The boy made the girl cry 男孩把女孩惹哭了。 \x0d\\x0d\— The girl was made to cry by the boy 女孩被男孩惹哭了。（被动） \x0d\\x0d\2make+宾语+adj/adv/prep 使处于某种状态 ，使变得 \x0d\\x0d\— His illness made him very weak 他的病使他很虚弱。 \x0d\\x0d\— This boring soap opera made me sleepy 这无聊的肥皂剧让我想睡觉。 \x0d\\x0d\3make +宾语+doing 使处于某种状态，强调动作的主动性 \x0d\\x0d\— The story made him feeling sad 这个故事使他很难受。 \x0d\\x0d\— The bad weather made me staying at home yesterday 昨天,坏天气是我一天\x0d\都呆在家里。 \x0d\\x0d\4make +宾语+done 使处于某种状态，强调动作的被动性 \x0d\\x0d\— Please speak louder to make yourself heard 请讲大声一点以便让别人听你。 \x0d\— The heavy bag made the chair broken 这个重重的包把椅子压坏了。 \x0d\\x0d\5make +宾语+n 使成为 \x0d\\x0d\— We made him the leader of the team 我们让他当我们的队长。 \x0d\— She made her diary her best friend 她把日记当做她最好的朋友。\x0d\let使，让 \x0d\\x0d\1let +宾语+do 让做，较少用于被动语态 \x0d\— Let’s go there, shall we 让我们去那里，好吗？ \x0d\\x0d\2let+宾语+adv/prep 让，多表示方向 \x0d\— Don’t let the dog out of the room 他把狗放出了房间。 \x0d\— Please let me in 请让我进去。\x0d\have使，让，不用于被动语态 \x0d\\x0d\1have +宾语+done \x0d\(1)叫、让、请，致使别人做某事，动作的执行者不是主语也不是宾语而是别人。（强调主观的意志，即主语的意志致使某事发生或被做到） — I’ll have my bike repaired this afternoon 今天下午我要请人修自行车。 \x0d\— I have my hair cut every month 我每个月都理发。 \x0d\表示主观意志的have也可以用get代替，例如： — Where can I get（have）this printed？我在哪里能（找人）把这份东西打印出 来呢？ \x0d\\x0d\(2)遭遇不幸事件（与主观意志完全无关） — He had his wallet stolen at the station 他的钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。 \x0d\ — He has his leg broken in a fall．他的腿摔断了。 \x0d\\x0d\2．have +宾语+do 让做某事，动作执行者为宾语 \x0d\— He had her go there 他让她去那儿。 \x0d\— I have my children clean the house before you arrive．在你们来之前，我 让孩子们把屋子打扫干净了。 这个结构中have有时也可以用get代替，但这时后面的动词不定式需带to，例如： —I got him to write a letter to my boss．我要他写一封信给我的雇主。 \x0d\\x0d\3 have +宾语+adj（形容词）/adv（副词）/prep（介词） 促使某一动作发生，或使役动作产生的变化结果或状态。 \x0d\— Please have your money ready 请准备好钱。 \x0d\\x0d\4 have +宾语+doing 让持续做某事，或处于某种状态。动作执行者为句子宾语，但动词必须为持续性动词，后面常接时间段。 \x0d\— He had her standing in the rain for two hours 他让她在雨中站了两个小时。 或表示动作执行者打算做的事或预期的目标。 \x0d\— We’ll soon have your car going again 很快我们就会让你的车从新启动起来的。 还可以表示不愿引起某种后果 — Don't shout ！you'll have the neighbours complaining别大声嚷！你会遭四邻抱怨的。 注意：用于否定句时，表示“允许” — I won’t have you smoking in the sitting room我不允许你在起居室抽烟。\x0d\\x0d\keep使，让，保持 \x0d\\x0d\1keep +宾语+doing 使某人处于做某事的状态中，强调动作延续一段时间 \x0d\— I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long 对不起，让您久等了。 \x0d\\x0d\2keep +宾语+adj/adv/prep 使处于特定状态 \x0d\— Please keep the classroom clean 请保持教室干净。 \x0d\\x0d\3keep +宾语+done 使处于被动状态 \x0d\— I can’t keep my eyes shut to all this 对于这一切我不能熟视无睹。\x0d\\x0d\leave让，使，带走 既可用于主动语态也可用于被动语态 \x0d\\x0d\1leave +宾语+to do sth让某人做某事，强调未来动作 \x0d\— Leave him to do it himself 让他自个儿去做这件事吧。 \x0d\\x0d\2leave +宾语+doing 让某人做某事，或继续处于某种状态，强调当时正在发生的动作 \x0d\— What he said left me thinking deeply 他的话使我陷入了沉思。 \x0d\— Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain 外面下雨，别让她在外面等 了。 \x0d\\x0d\3leave +宾语+done 使处于某种被动状态，强调动作的被动性 \x0d\— We can’t leave such an important matter unfinished 我们不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。 \x0d\\x0d\4leave 宾语+adj/adv/prep使处于某一特定状态 \x0d\— Who left the door open？ 谁让门开着？ \x0d\— Don’t leave the door unlocked 别忘了锁门。

英语中的句子并不总是遵循着主语+动词+宾语的规律。跟我们的母语一样，有时主语什么也不做，但是却导致别人去做些事情。所以，逻辑上我们把导致别人行动的动词叫使役动词。最常见的使役动词有： let / make / have / get

♦ Do you like Linda’s new hairstyle She had her hair cut yesterday

♦ Why don’t you get your hair cut in a new style

♦ The teacher made us do four hours homework yesterday

♦ A lot of parents let their teenage children drink alcohol at home

♦ You shouldn’t let your dog annoy people on the beach

♦ Do you think parents should let their teenage children smoke at home

♦ My parents won’t let me go out

♦ If you let me drive your car to the party, I’ll wash the dishes

规则其实很简单

let + 名词 + 动词原形

My neighbour lets his children play computer games when they are at the dinner table!

make + 名词 +动词原形

I never made my children do homework I believed that it was their responsibility

I make my dog sleep outside at night I make him eat outside too

make + 名词 + 形容词

严格意义上讲，如果名词后面接了形容词，这不算使役动词。但是我们要注意这个结构，与使役动词后面加过去分词是一样的。看下面的例句：

Chocolate makes people happy!

The news on TV makes some people depressed

Exams make most people nervous

Shopping makes me tired

chocolate, TV news, 还有exams影响了情感 Depressed 和 tired 是ed结尾的形容词/过去分词

have + 名词 + 动词原形

I have the doctor check my blood pressure every visit

I always have my daughter cook dinner on the days I see the doctor

have + 名词+ 过去分词

I had my teeth whitened last week

My husband will have his car serviced tomorrow

get +名词 + 过去分词

I get my hair cut once a month

Linda gets her house cleaned every week

get + 名词 + 不定式

A lot of parents are trying to get their children to play more sport

How can we get children to eat more vegetables

大家看到了吧，上面的例句中主语并没有做动词的动作。至于have后面什么时候用过去分词什么时候用动词原形，get后面什么时候用过去分词什么时候用不定式，你发现规律了吗？

欢迎大家在下面留言。

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学英语不能输在起跑线上，

助动词be、have和do 1Be动词的用法(1)助动词be和现在分词一起构成进行时或完成进行时。如：He is reading他在读书。I'll be waiting for you there then我到时在那儿等你。(2)助动词be和过去分词一起构成被动语态。如：Is he taken good care of他被照顾得好吗？They shall be punished他们一定要受惩罚的。(3)助动词be用作系动词。如：Matthew is a teacher马修是个老师。We were late today我们今天迟到了。(4)助动词be和不定式连用，可以表示下面几种情况。表计划，只用于肯定句和疑问句。如：We are to discuss it the following week我们打算下周讨论那件事。When is the wedding to be婚礼什么时候举行？表命令，只用于肯定句和否定句。如：All junior officers are to report to the colonel at once全体下级军官都必须立即向上校报到。Tom says I am to leave you alone汤姆要我不理会你。表可能，多用于被动结构。如：Her father was often to be seen in the bar of this hotel在这家旅馆的酒吧经常可见到她父亲。Where is he to be found在哪儿可找到他？表示“必须”，“应该”多用于现在式。如：Nobody is to leave this room谁也不许离开这个房间。What am I to do next？下一步我该做什么？He's to blame该怪他。表注定，多用于过去式。如：He was to be my teacher and friend for many years to come在后来许多年里，他是我的老师和朋友。The professor did not know at the time that he was never to see his native place again当时教授不知道他再也见不到他的故土了。(5)助动词be用于条件从句。如：If we are to succeed,we must redouble our efforts我们要想成功，必须加倍努力才行。（are to意为“想要”）(6)be后接going to,about to,on the point of等表示将来时间或根据计划、

意图等将要发生的事。如：It's going to rain快要下雨了。(将来时间)He's about to leave他正要走。(将来时间)2Have的用法(1)助动词have与过去分词一起构成各种完成时态。如：I have read the book我读过这本书。Kenny has left肯尼已经走了。(2)助动词have与been+现在分词构成各种完成进行时态。如：I have been washing the clothes the whole morning整个上午我都在洗衣服。Lambert has been working as a worker here for nearly five years兰伯特一直在这里当工人，几乎有五年了。(3)助动词have构成had better,had best,had rather等词组。Had better和had best是“最好还是……”或“还是……好”的意思。在had better中，had不表示过去时间，不能用have或has代替。had better后可接不带to的不定式或接进行式、完成式或被动语态。had better的否定式是had better not。如：You had better stay at home．你最好呆在家里。You'd better have had that experience before假如你以前有过那个经验就好了。You'd better not run the risk你最好不要冒那个险。(4)补充Have还可用作使役动词和实义动词(表示”有”,”吃”等意义)。如:They have had the problem solved他们让其他人解决了这个问题(使役动词)Bad news has wings丑事传千里(实义动词)What shall we have for lunch我们午饭吃甚么(实义动词)3Do的用法(1)助动词do,does和did用于构成否定句、疑问句和倒装句。如：Do you understand all this你明白这一切吗？Don't go yet先别走。(2)助动词do,does和did用于代替句中的主要动词，以避免重复。如：He didn't go to the partyNeither did I他没有去参加晚会，我也没有去。I do not agreeNor does he我不同意，他也不同意。(3)用于加强语气，do，does和did位于陈述句的动词原形前，do位于祈使句中的动词原形前。如：Do have another cup of coffee before you go走前请一定再喝一杯咖啡。

That's exactly what he did say他就是那样说的。But I do want to go可是我确实想去。(4)在一些以否定副词如never,rarely,scarcely,only等为首的句子中，如果实义动词是现在时或过去时，助动词do和did可以构成主谓倒装。如：Never did I tell him about that我从来没有告诉过他那件事。Rarely does it snow in the South南方很少下雪。情态动词can、may、must的用法1can的用法(1)can表示主语的能力。如：The hall can seat 1,000 people这个大厅能坐1 000人。Can you play the piano你会弹钢琴吗？(2)can表示说话人的猜测（即可能性），多用于否定句和疑问句。如：Can it be true这能是真的吗？The moon can't always be at the full月不可能总是圆的。What can she mean她可能是什么意思呢？(3)can表示许可。如：This sort of thing can't go on这样的事不能再继续下去了。You can't smoke here你不可在这里吸烟。(4)“can+完成式”表示说话人对过去情况的猜测（只用于否定和疑问结构中）。如：He can't have missed the wayI explained the route carefully and drew him a map他不会迷路。我对他详细说明了路线，还画了一张地图。Can the team have left already球队已经离开了吗？2could的用法(1)could表示主语的能力，为can的过去时形式，如：Daisy couldn't come yesterday because she was ill戴西昨天不能来是因为她病了。They said they could swim他们说他们会游泳。(2)could表示说话人的猜测（即可能性）。如：He could be right他或许是对的。Could it be Henry可能是亨利吗？At that time we thought the story could not be true那时我们认为所说的事不可能是真的。(3)could表示许可。如：Father said I could swim in the river爸爸说我可以在河里游泳。

英语中具有使役意义的动词较多,跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念通常我们说使役动词,指的是make, have, let这三个动词,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to的特定用法但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些,用法也较灵活,现将其分类叙述如下,以饷读者(注：英语动词意义丰富,在此仅限于“使役”意义)

1 使役动词have, let, make （常用于复合结构）

11have的用法

1) have +宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系而且还可以与情态动词will, would连用,不用于被动结构

The rich lady had the singer eat with his servants

I will have him come and help you

2) have+宾语+现在分词：表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系亦可转化为“劝说,鼓励”宾语干某事

The two cheats had the lights burning all night long

He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday

I have them all talking to each other in English 我鼓励他们用英语交谈

3) have +宾语+过去分词：表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事

Tom said he had had his TV set repaired

Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday

“别人”在句中一般不出现,这是它与结构1）的区别所在试比较：

Have you washed your clothes 你洗了衣服了吗（自己洗）

Have you had your clothes washed 你叫人洗了衣服了吗（别人洗）

4) have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补

Please have your tickets ready

The Emperor had nothing on

I am sure I’ll have him in the argument

12let的用法

1) let +宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系,罕用于被动语态有时也可指一种假设let后不能接现在分词,过去分词作宾补

Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves

Let AB be equal to CD 假设AB等于CD

2) let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补

Let me in and let them out

Who let you into the building

3．make的用法

1) make +宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系此结构常用被动结构make后不接现在分词作宾补

The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour

The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour

2)make+宾语+过去分词,此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词

He raised his voice to make himself heard

Can you easily make yourself understood in English

They will make an important plan known to the public soon

3) make+宾语+形容词,宾语亦可是从句

The news made her happy

He made it clear that he objected to the proposal

2 “半使役动词”amaze, astonish等

“半使役动词”在英语语法上还是一个没有被认同的概念或术语,而只是认可了其v-ing形式和v-ed形式作为形容词使用但这类词汇数量较大,使用频率高,业已成为学习和考查中的重点,难点,易混易错点,而且在教学一线已经广泛地被教师和学生所接受半使役动词之所以得名,一则它们的意义都有“使某人感到……”,再则是为了与具有特殊用法的使役动词let, have, make等区别开来

24常见的半使役动词

amaze（使某人感到惊呀）, astonish（使某人感到惊奇）,

bore（使某人感到厌倦）, complicate（使某人感到复杂）,

confuse（使某人感到迷惑）, disappoint （使某人感到失望）,

delight（使某人感到高兴）, discourage（使某人感到气馁）,

distinguish（使某人感到显著）, excite （使某人感到兴奋）,

encourage（使某人感到鼓舞）, exhaust （使某人感到疲倦）,

frighten（使某人感到恐惧）, interest （使某人感到有趣）,

inspire（使某人感到刺激）, move（使某人感到激动）,

please（使某人感到高兴）, puzzle（使某人感到不解）,

satisfy（使某人感到满意）, surprise（使某人感到惊异）,

shock（使某人感到震惊）, strike （使某人感到震动）,

tire（使某人感到疲惫）, upset （使某人感到迷惑不解）,等等

22半使役动词的主动式用法：something + Vt + somebody

如：What surprised him most was her bravery His brave deeds moved China

The exam result satisfied his parents The boy’s behavior upset everybody around

23半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词,一个加-ing,一个加-ed,有时还有一个加其他后缀构成

如：interest----interesting, interested; astonish----astonishing, astonished;

please----pleasing, pleased, pleasant; satisfy----satisfying, satisfied, satisfactory

24半使役动词的v-ing和v-ed两个分词形容词的用法也有规律

一般而言,作定语时,v-ing分词形容词修饰事物,v-ed分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活动,表情等；作表语或宾语补足语时,v-ing分词形容词指事；v-ed分词形容词指人或拟人用法而且作表语的v-ed分词后接事时常有一个介词如：

The film we saw last night was very interesting

We were all interested in the film

The frightening hurricane made the girl very frightened

The teacher was satisfied with the answer of his students

3 使役意义状态动词get, leave, set, send, keep, drive, etc常用于复合结构中

31get 使成为/变得某种状态或结果（get的用法跟have很接近）

I can’t get the old radio to work 我无法让那旧收音机工作起来（接带to不定式作宾补）

Can you really get that old car going again 你真能让那旧车运转起来吗

The farmer got his planting done before the rain came 那农民在雨季前完成了种植

He got his wrist broken 他折断了手腕（主语发生了不幸的事）

She soon got the children ready for school 她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备

32leave 使保持/处于某种状态

Leave your hat and coat in the hall 把帽子和外套放在大厅里

Did you leave the doors and windows firmly fastened 你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗

Always leave things where you can find them again 总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方

Who left that window open 谁让窗户开着

Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain 别让他在外面雨中等待

Leave somebody / something alone 不要干涉某人或某事

Leave well alone 事情已经够好了,不要再去管它了// 不要画蛇添足

33set 使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系

set somebody at his ease 使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松

set something in order 使某物井然有序

set somebody free / at liberty 使某人获得自由,释放（犯人等）

It’s time we set the machine going 是我们发动机器的时候了

The news set me thinking 这消息使我陷入了沉思

He set the farm laborer to chop wood 他让农场工人去砍伐木材

I have set myself to finish the job by the end of May我决心于五月底前完成那工作

set a thief to catch a thief 以毒攻毒；令贼捉贼

34 send 使某人或某物急剧地移动

The earthquake sent the crockery and cutlery crashing to the ground 地震将杯盘刀叉震落在地上

Mind how you go---- you nearly sent me flying 小心点,你差点将我撞飞了

Send that fellow about his business / packing 叫那家伙滚蛋

The good harvest sent the prices down 丰收使物价下跌

35drive 使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事

Failure drove him to despair / desperation 失败使他绝望

You’ll drive me mad / to my wits’ end 你会把我气疯的/ 你会使我穷尽应付的

Hunger drove him to steal = He was driven by hunger to steal 他为饥饿所迫而偷窃

36keep 使某人或某物保持某种状态

You should keep the children quiet 你要使孩子们静下来

The cold weather kept us indoors 寒冷的天气使我们待在家里

If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets 如果你手冷,把它们放在口袋里

Will they keep me in prison / custody 他们会监禁/拘留我吗

I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting 很报歉让你久等了

The doctors managed to keep me going 医生们设法让我活下去

4 使役意义动态动词

41cause 致使,导致（能接直接宾语,双宾语,复合宾语）

What caused his death 什么导致了他的死亡

This has caused us much anxiety 这给我们带来了极大的忧虑

What caused the plants to die（=what made them die）什么使得这些植物枯死

He caused the prisoner to be put to death (=he had them put to death)他使得这些犯人被处死

42force 迫使,强迫 （宾语后常接介词短语、副词及不定式等）

force one’s way through a crowd 从人群中挤出一条路来

force a way in / out / through 冲入/出/过

force an entry into a building 强行进入一建筑

force the war upon him 强迫某人作战

force someone into doing something 强迫某人做某事

force sb/ oneself to work hard 迫使某人/自己努力工作

希望我的回答对你有所帮助。 ，谢谢