求暮光之城一段对话的英文版。。

"Before you, Bella, my life was like a moonless night Very dark, but there were stars—points of light and reason… And then you shot across my sky like a meteor Suddenly everything was on fire; there was brilliancy, there was beauty When you were gone, when the meteor had fallen over the horizon, everything went black Nothing had changed, but my eyes were blinded by the light I couldn't see the stars anymore And there was no more reason for anything"

出自《暮光之城·新月》

本人亲手翻译，累死了

A: What can I do for you

B: We want to go to Wenzhou, is there any passenger car today

A: Sorry! Today's tickets have been sold out

B: Oh, it's really bad When is the earliest departure time tomorrow

A: 6:30 am

B: That's too early, later

A: Every 20 or 30 minutes, when do you want to leave

B: I see! How long does it need to get to Wenzhou Is it an express Fares

A: Yes,it' is About four and a half hours will be taken to Wenzhou, the fare is 140 yuan

B: Well, we will leave at about 8:00 am

A: What about 8o'clock

B: Sure

A: How many tickets do you want

B: 3 Sorry! I have physically uncomfortable problem, motion sickness! Can I buy some front seat

A: Yes Will the children holding in your hands go with you too

B: Of course! Does he need a ticket too

A: No,but he need a special ticket

B: Special ticket What's that

A: There is a provision from the ministry of communications: a car can only carry 10% of the non-ticket children So you must purchase a special ticket

B: Then please buy me one

A: You're welcome! It's okey for you A total of 420 yuan, would you add insurances

B: Yes, please

A: Then a total of 426 yuan

A: 450 yuan received This is your ticket, 24 yuan's change,here it is

B: Okay, thank you!

A: Not at all, you can get on the car through 12th gate of the waiting room tomorrow

B: By the way, can I buy the return tickets from Wenzhou to here I'm afraid that it's difficult to buy tickets there

A: I am sorry We don't have this service, you have to buy the tickets returning Hangzhou in Wenzhou

B: Oh, I see! What if we can not catch up with this carCan we get on another car

A: Sorry! You can only take this car, we must refund if you're late, and only half of the money can be refunded, please do not be late

B: OK, thanks for reminding

A: Not at all

B: BYE-BYE

A: BYE-BYE

The second scene

A: Is there anything I can help you

B: It's like this, I bought a ticket leaving for Yiwu at 8:30AM, but now I am late, can I get on the next one

A: Sorry,you can't! If you're late,you can only get a refund Only 50% of the money can be refunded

B: Well, refund it for me!

A: Yes, you can also be given 30 yuan, would you like to buy the next car's ticket

B: Yes The sooner the better!

A: What about 9o'clock There are 15 minutes left

B: Yes

A: Well, 30 yuan more please, all right,you can get on the car through the 9th door of the waiting room

B: By the way,could I buy a ticket of East Station here

A: Yes

B: So, I'll buy my friend a ticket leaving for Ningbo tomorrow 2:00PM, and no insurance added

A: Sorry, it has been sold out, what about 2:20PM

B: Well,OK

A: 52 yuan for one ticket, this is your ticket

B: How to get to East station

A: You can take our flyers, or you can take the bus on the opposite of the road

B: Thank you

A: You're welcome

沈：我们还有20分钟就到宾馆了，那我先简单地跟大家说一下明天的行程吧。上午去东南第一寺灵隐寺，领略中国的佛教文化。中餐在楼外楼解决。下午带大家去梅家坞喝龙井茶，中国最好的绿茶之一。晚餐和今天一样，大家自己解决，晚上是自由活动的时间。明天的叫早时间是7：30，在酒店中餐厅用早餐。8点30在大厅集合上车出发。

Now ladies and gentlemen we will arrive at the hotel in 20 minutes So now let me introduce tomorrow’s itinerary to you The first thing to do is visiting the number one Buddhist monastery in Southeast

China—Lingyin Temple, so that we can appreciate the charm of Chinese Buddhist culture Then we will have vegetarian food there for lunch After that, we will go to Meijia Village to sip a cup of Longjing Green Tea, which is considered as one of the best green tea in China Moreover, you can also admire the beautiful spring rurality田园 scenery in the village At 3:00pm, we assemble to leave You will have the supper on your own just like today And the evening is your swing time You can arrange it freely

大家如果对这个行程和安排有任何疑问或意见的，请跟我讲，我会竭尽所能满足大家的。 That’s our plan If you have any comments and requests, please don’t hesitate to inform us, we will try our best to meet your need 洪和郭：杭州晚上哪里好玩儿，能不能推荐一些呢？

Which places are reward visiting in Hangzhou Could you give us some recommendations

沈：你们可以打的去河坊街，那儿是一条步行街。那边有很多地道的中国小吃，和杭州美食，可以在那里解决晚饭。另外，南山路上有很多特色酒吧，你们可以去那里消遣。那边离我们的酒店也不远。

E, well I advise you take a taxi to the Hefang Street, where you can enjoy various Chinese cuisines as well as the full Hangzhou food It is a busy walking street, along which, are different kinds of shopping stores selling specialties and other interesting stuffs

In the night, the music bars on the Nanshan road can be a good choice for recreation They are also not far from our hotel 洪和郭：好的 ，太棒了，那我们晚上就这样安排吧！

Yeah, that sounds great! To night we can do like this 沈：我们快到饭店了，请大家带好随身物品，准备下车。

Ok, now we are approaching the hotel Please remember to bring your belongings and get ready to get off 场景2：

沈：两位晚上好，请问有预订吗？

Good evening! Do you have reservations 郭：没有，还有位子吗？我们一共两位。

Not yet, any vacancies We have two in all for dinner 沈：有的，请跟我来。这边坐吧。这是菜单。

Yes, please follow me Here take your seats This is the menu 洪： Thanks

沈：My pleasure （沈退下）

洪：Look at the menu，this restaurant sells food all days long

郭：-Yes，if we come here for the breakfast, we can try the 油条crispy

stick and 煎饺fried dumplings Do you still remember The tour guide said both of them are very popular among Chinese What’s more, they go well with soybean milk

洪：Of course Just talking about it, my mouth starts watering I’m

starving to swallow a horse!

郭：Ok，let me have a look at the menu It seems like the

West Lake Fish with sour source and Dongpo Pork are specialties here Why don’t we have one of each

西湖醋鱼和东坡肉都是这里的特色菜哦，要不我们各来一份儿？

洪：West Lake Fish with sour source？Certainly great! I love fish!

噢，西湖醋鱼？当然好啦，我可爱吃鱼了。

But the Dongpo porkaccording to the picture, seems pretty greasy I’m keeping a diary now, how about mapo tofu Tofu is original from China And I learned from the internet that the mapo tofu is a typical dish in Sichuan Cuisine, which tastes hot but delicate and its flavor is fresh and tender

但是东坡肉，看这的样子，好像很油腻啊，我现在正在减肥，我要保持好身材。要不麻婆豆腐吧，豆腐是中国所独有的，我听说麻婆豆腐是川菜系的，口感非常棒！

郭：Really Of course we can’t miss it One more seasonal vegetable is enough再来一份时令蔬菜吧What is bamboo shoots是什么呀？Sounds interesting

洪： 呵呵，竹笋在你们那儿肯定很稀少吧。春笋在这个季节味道非常好，笋是竹子在春天

的时候发出的芽，现在很嫩，你正好可以尝试一下。油焖春笋，OK？ 郭：原来是这样啊，那就来一份吧。 洪：我们喝点什么汤呢？

郭：菜单上有一种叫西湖莼菜汤的，我们就点它吧！ 洪：嗯！可以呀！饮料呢？啤酒怎么样，西湖啤酒吧！

郭：好的，啤酒感觉很过瘾。那我们已经有三个菜，一个汤了，差不多了吧？ 洪：嗯，是的。服务员点单！ 沈：点单了是吗，好的。 郭：我们要。。。。。。。

沈：好的。麻婆豆腐是辣的，你们有不能吃辣的吗？ 郭：不不，没有，快点上菜吧，我快饿死了。 洪和郭聊天开始。天气、家乡文化、

　口语教学是初中英语教学的重要组成部分,所以,重视口语教学是英语教学的必然要求。我整理了关于经典的两人英语对话，欢迎阅读!

关于经典的两人英语对话篇一

　J: William Wordsworth 's poem is so beautiful that I can scarcely take my eye off it

　J:威廉华兹华斯的诗真是太美了，以至于我难以把目光从他的诗上移开。

　V; His poem is full of emotion，just like The Solitary Reaper When many poets at his time still wrote about ancient heroes in grandiloquent style, Wordsworth focused on the nature, children, the poor, common people

　V:华兹华斯的诗歌充满了情感，就像这首《狐独的割麦女》。当他那个年代的很多诗人还在用浮夸的风格描写古代英雄时，华兹华斯却关洼自然、孩子、穷人和普通人。

　J: Exactly, and he used ordinary words to express bis personal feelings His definition of poetry is “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings'

　J:确实是，他用朴实的语言表达个人感情。他对诗歌的定义是"强烈感情的自然流露"

　V: A man's interest is influenced by the surroundings The magnificent landscape of Wordsworth's hometown deeply affected him and gave him a love of nature

　V: 一个人的兴趣是受到环境的影响的。故乡壮丽的风景深深地打动了华兹华斯，他对自然充满了 爱。

　J: As a writer Wordsworth made his debut in 1787，when he published a sonnet in The European Magazine In that same year he entered St John’s College, Cambridge, from where he took his BA in 1791

　J：当华兹华斯1787年在《欧洲杂志》发表了一首 十四行诗时，他的作家生涯就开启了。同年他进 人剑桥大学圣约翰学院学习，并在1791年获得 学士学位。

　V： When he was in Cambridge, he went on a walking tour

　V:华兹华斯还在剑桥念书时，就在1790年的暑假 到爆发大革命的法国和瑞士徒步旅行。

　J: Revolutionary fervor in France made a powerful impact on the young Wordsworth His French experience was a powerful factor in turning his inbred sympathy to plain common people,

　J：年轻的华兹华斯深受法国革命热潮的影响。华兹华斯生性善良，他在法国的经历 使得他对贫苦大众更加同情。

　V: When Wordsworth’s political ideas and poetic talent were beginning to take shape, he fell passionately in love with a French girl

　V:当华兹华斯开始展露政治抱负和诗人才能时，他疯狂地爱一上了一位法国姑娘。

　J： Yes It happened on his second journey in France Wordsworth had an affair with Annette Vallon by whom he had an illegitimate daughter Anne Caroline

　J：是的，这发生在他的第二次法国之行。华兹华斯和阿内特瓦隆关系暖眛，并育 有一个私生女安妮卡洛琳。

　V: The affair was basis of one of his poems, but otherwise Wordsworth did his best to hide the affair from posterity

　V：这段感情是他的一首诗歌的灵感来源，但除此之外，华兹华斯极力向他的后人隐 瞒这一段感情。

　J; After his journeys, Wordsworth spent several aimless and unhappy years until he met Coleridge in 1795

　J:这段旅程结束后，华兹华斯度过了几年浑浑噩噩、郁郁寡欢的时光，直到他在 1795年遇到柯勒律治。

　V： And Wordsworth^ financial situation became better in 1795 when he received a legacy and was able to settle at Racedown, Dorset, with his sister Dorothy

　V:同样是在1795年，华兹华斯继承了一笔遗产，经济状况得到了好转。他和妹妹 多萝西可以定居在多塞特郡的雷斯唐农庄。

　J： Encouraged by Coleridge and stimulated by the close contact with nature, Wordsworth composed his masterwork, Lyrical Ballads with Coleridge

　J:和大自然的亲密接触激发了华兹华斯的灵感，在柯勒律治的鼓励下，华玆华斯和 他合写了著名的《抒情歌谣集》。

　V： Lyrical Ballads is an important work in the English Romantic Movement, But the volume had neither the name of Wordsworth nor Coleridge as the author The second edition, published in 1800，had only Wordsworth listed as the author

　V:《抒情歌瑶集》是英国浪漫主义运动中的一部重要作品。但是这卷诗集并没有署 上华兹华斯和柯勒律治的名字。1800年出版的第二版也只把华兹华斯列为作者。

　J: The winter 1798-99 Wordsworth spent with his sister and Coleridge in Germany And due to the homesickness, he and his sister moved back to England, settled in Dove Cottage, Grasmere, in the Lake District

　J: 1798 ~ 1799车的冬天，华兹华斯和他的妹妹以及柯勒律治是在德国度过的。由于思乡心切，他和妹妹回到了英格兰，并定居在格拉斯米尔湖区的销舍。

　V： This time he was accompanied by fellow poet Robert Southey nearby And Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey came to be known as the “Lake Poets”

　V:这一次陪伴他的是住在附近的诗人罗伯特骚塞。华兹华斯、柯勒律治和骚塞被 并称为“湖畔诗人一’。

　J： Wordsworth’s path-breaking works were produced between 1797 and 1808 Through this period, many of his poems revolved around themes of death, endurance, separation and grief

　J:华玆华斯具有开创性的作品写于1797 ~ 1808年。在这段时期内，他的很多诘作 都是围绕着死亡、忍耐、分离和悲痛等主题展开的。

　V: Wordsworth’s Grasmere period ended in 1813 when he moved to Rydal Mount, Ambleside, where he spent the rest of his life

　V: 1813年，华兹华斯把家搬到安布尔赛德的赖德尔山，并在此度过余生，结束了他 在格拉斯米尔湖区的定居生活。

关于经典的两人英语对话篇二

　M： Lucy, what are you reading

　M:露西，你在读什么

　L; Childe Hamid 's Pilgrimage, the talented poem of Lord Byron

　L：拜伦勋爵的天才诘作《恰尔德咍罗德游记》。

　M： You mean Lord George Gordon Byron, the playboy

　M:你指的是花花公子乔治戈登拜伦勋爵

　L: Yes，it is him He did have a lot of love-affairs during his short life But he is a poet of overflowing brilliance in the first place

　L：是的，就是他。在其短暂的一生中，他的确有很多风流韵事，但他毕竟是一个才 华横溢的诗人。

　M: Indeed Byron is a household name His works, Childe Harold fs Pilgrimage and Don Juan are well-known

　M：的确是这样。拜伦是个家喻户晓的名字。他的作 品《恰尔德罗德游记》和《唐璜》很有名。

　L： Besides this, there are many romances about him that are well-known even when he was in Harrow

　L:拜伦的私生活也很引人注目，当他还在哈罗公学 念书时，他的爱情故事就广为人知。

　M: His complicated relationship with women may have been influenced by his childhood experience At home Byron’s alcoholic governess made sexual advances when he was nine

　M:他和女性的复杂关系可能是受童年经历的影响，当拜伦只有9岁时，嗜酒成性的女家庭敎师就对 他进行了性侵犯。

　L： And according to some sources，Byron was also seduced by the lord who rented his mansion before he inherited it

　L: 一些资料表明，他还受到过一个贵族的引诱，后者在拜伦继承房产前曾租住在他家。

　M： At Cambridge, he even aroused alarm with bisexual love affairs

　M:在剑桥时，拜伦甚至还因双性恋风流韵事引起了 公众的恐慌。

　L: When he was in Cambridge, he wasn't a hardworking student, but he read many books on history, literature and philosophy And he spent his leisure time on drinking, hunting0, shooting and swimming

　L:在剑桥念书时，拜伦并不是一个刻苦学习的学生，但他读了很多历史、文学和哲 学等方面的书。而他的闲暇时间则用在喝酒、打猎、射击和游泳上。

　M： Byron’s first two cantos of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage became blockbusters when they were published

　M:拜伦的《恰尔德哈罗德游记》的头两章出版后，曾轰动一时。

　L: He became an adored character of London society He spoke in the House of Lords effectively on liberal themes, and had a hectic relationship with Lady Caroline Lamb

　L:拜伦成为伦敦社会的宠儿。他在上议院就“自由"这一主题高效地阐述了自己的 观点，还和卡罗琳兰姆夫人有过一段炽热的爱情。

　M: But Byron married Anne Isabella MiLbanke in 1815, and their daughter Ada was born in the same year The marriage was unhappy, and they obtained legal separation next year

　M:但是拜伦在1815年和安妮伊莎贝拉米尔班克结婚。同年，他们的女儿艾达出生。 不过这段婚姻并不幸福，在第二年，他们就分居了。

　L: When the minors of his incest with his half-sister, Augusta and accumulating debts started to rise, Byron left England in 1816, never to return

　L:当关于他和同父异母的姐姐奥古斯塔**以及债务不断攀升的谣言开始广泛传播 后，拜伦于1816年离开了英格兰，就再也没有回来了。

　M: “The only virtue they honor in England is hypocrisy," he once wrote a friend

　M:拜伦有一次写信结朋友，说道："在英格兰，人们唯一推崇的美德就是虚伪。”

　L： Byron settled in Geneva with Percy Bysshe Shelley, Mary Shelley and Claire Clairmont, who became his mistress There he wrote the two cantos of Childe Harold and The Prisoner of Chillon

　L:拜伦和珀西比希雪莱、玛丽雪莱以及其情妇克莱尔克莱蒙特一起定居在日内 瓦。在那里他创作了《恰尔德哈罗德游记》的另外两个章节和 < 锡隆的囚徒>。

　M： At the end of the summer Byron decided to continue his travels, spending two years in Italy While staying in Venice Byron proudly claimed he had different woman on 200 consecutive evenings

　M:夏末，拜伦决定继续他的旅行，花两年时间去游历意大利。待在威尼斯时，拜伦 骄慠地宣布连续200个晚上都有不同的女人和他共度良宵。

　L： During the years in Italy, Byron wrote The Lament of Tasso and started Don Juan, his satiric masterpiece

　L:在游历意大利的年月里,拜伦撰写了 <塔克的哀歌>，并开始创作讽刺诗代表作《唐 璃》。

　M: After a long creative period, Byron had come to feel that action was more important than poetry He armed a brig, the Hercules, and sailed to Greece to aid the Greeks, who had risen against their Ottoman overlords

　M:经过长时间的创作后，拜伦发觉行动比诗歌更重要。干是他驾着英国大船‘‘赫拉 克勒斯号"前往希腊，协助希腊人反抗土耳其领主。

　L： However, before he saw any serious military action, Byron contracted a fever from which he died in Missolonghi on 19 April 1824

　L:然而，在拜伦目睹任何正规的军事活动之前，他就发了高烧，并因此于1824年 4月19日在梅索朗吉昂辞世。

　M: Byron’s body was returned to England but refused by the deans of both Westminster and St Paul’s Finally Byron's coffin was placed in the family vault at Hucknall Torkard, near Newstead Abbey in Nottinghamshire

　M:拜伦的遗体被运回英格兰，但威斯敏斯特敎堂和圣保罗教堂的主教都拒绝把他的 遗体安葬入内。最终拜伦的棺木被安葬在诺丁汉郡纽斯台德修道院附近赫克诺尔 的家族墓穴内。

关于经典的两人英语对话篇三

　M:John Milton is a genius His masterpieces Paradise Lost、Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes are pearls of world literature

　M:约翰弥尔顿真是个天才。他的杰作 < 失乐园》、<复乐园》和《力士参孙 > 是世 界文学的明珠。

　L:I cannot agree with you more The works of today’s poets are not half as brilliant as those of Milton And he excels in languages studying, too He can speak and write in Greek, Latin, and Italian

　L:我非常同意你的观点。现在很多诗人的作品 远不如弥尔顿的精彩。弥尔顿还精通多种语 言。他通晓希腊语、拉丁语和意大利语。

　M:Milton is a life-long student His schooling started at home before he went to read the works of Homer and Virgil in Greek and Latin at St Paul’s School in London

　M:弥尔顿终身都在学习。在他到伦敦圣保罗学 校学习希腊语的荷马著作和拉丁语的维吉尔 著作之前，他在家里就开始学习了。

　L: And he entered Christ’s College, Cambridge in 1625 with the intent to become a minister

　L: 1625年，他抱着要当牧师的念头考人了剑桥大学基督学院。

　M: But Milton did not adjust to university life He was called, half in scorn, “The Lady of Christ’s”

　M;但是弥尔顿并不适应大学生活。同学们半带蔑视地称他为"基督学院的女士。”

　L: While Milton was a hardworking student, he was also argumentative Only a year later, in 1626, he got suspended after a dispute with his tutor

　L:虽然弥尔顿是一个刻苦学习的学生，他却喜欢和老师争论。入学后仅一年，也就 是1926年，由于与导师产生了矛盾，他被迫辍学。

　M; During his temporary return to London, Milton attended plays, and began his first forays into poetry

　M:在弥尔顿暂返伦敦的这段时间里，他参加了戏剧演出，并开始尝试写诘。

　L: At his return to Cambridge, Milton was assigned a new tutor But life at Cambridge was still not easy on Milton; he felt he was disliked by many of his fellow students and he was dissatisfied with the curriculum

　L:回到剑桥后，校方为弥尔顿重选了 一个新导师。但弥尔顿仍感到在剑桥大学生活 不易。他觉得许多同学都不喜欢他，对课程设置也不满意。

　M: But he did learn a lot in Cambridge It was at Cambridge that he composed “On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity”，

　M:但是弥尔顿的确在剑桥学到了很多东西。《基督诞生的早晨》这首谙正是他在剑 桥创作的。

　L:You’re quite right Upon graduation in 1632 with a Master of Arts degree, he retired to the family homes, for years of private study and literary composition

　L:你说得很对。1632年毕业拿到文学学士学位后，弥尔顿退隐家中，花费数年时 间自学和创作文学。

　M:That’s true Milton had given up his plan to become a priest He adopted no profession but spent six years at leisure in his father’s home, writing literary works

　M:的确如此。弥尔顿放弃了成为牧师的计划。他没有找任何工作，6年来的闲暇时 光都待在父亲的房子里，进行文学创作。

　L:At the same time Milton decided to further his studies in languages including Hebrew And he travelled many countries in the late 1630s where he immersed himself in their history and culture

　L:同时弥尔顿决定加强语言学习，包括希伯来语的学习。17世纪30年代晚期，他 去了很多国家旅游，并沉浸于所到国家的历史和文化之中。

　M:He met many prominent learned men during the travelling including Galileo Galilei

　M:在旅行中，他遇到了包括伽利略伽利雷在内的很多杰出的博学之人。

　L:Yes, he also had a long and meaningful conversation with Galileo Galilei Their conversation was recorded in his celebrated plea for a free speech and free discussion, AREOPAGITICA (On Liberty)

　L:是的。他还和伽利略伽利雷有过一次长时间富有意义的谈话。他们的对话被记 录在弥尔顿著名的呼吁自由演讲和讨论的《论自由》一书中。

　M:And I remember that there are references to Galileo’s telescope in Paradise Lost

　M:我还记得弥尔顿在《失乐园》中也谈到了伽利略的望远镜。

　L:The intense work of translating and writing created much strain on his eyes and by 1652 he was entirely blind and relied on the assistance of other people,

　L:翻译和写作的高强度工作使他的眼睛不堪重负，到了 1652年，他已经完全失明了， 要依赖别人的帮助才能工作。

　M: But it seems that Milton was not unduly grieved by his loss of sight Instead, blindness helped him to stimulate his verbal richness

　M:但是弥尔顿对于自己的失明似乎并不怎么伤心。相反，失明有肋于刺激他语言的 表达。

　L： He sacrificed his sight, and then he remembered his first desire, that of being a poet During the plague years he left London and lived in a cottage in the village of Chalfont St Giles, Buckinghamshire

　L:弥尔顿虽然失明了，但是他想起了他最初的梦想，那就是成为一名诗人。在伦敦 大疮疫期间，他离开伦敦，住在了白金汉郡查尔芬特圣贾尔斯村子的一个小屋里。

　M： It was here that Milton prepared for publication Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained

　M:正是在这里，弥尔顿创作书了(失乐园》和《复乐园》，并准备出版。

　　传统的英语教学只重视知识传授,自2000年起国家就对基础教育进行了改革,但中学英语教学始终没有摆脱围绕升学指挥棒转的局面。口语教学尤其是初中英语口语教学没有得到足够的重视,绝大部分教师只注重学生语法知识的积累,使得初中学生英语口语交际能力偏低。情境教学法由于为学生创设了特定的语境,不仅能活跃初中英语口语的课堂教学气氛,还能激发学生的学习兴趣,使学生的口语交际能力得到提高。可是,如何在初中英语口语课堂教学中创设合理的情境,这是一个值得研究的课题。本文在简介几种语言教学理论的基础上,根据初中生的特点指出了具体的情境创设方法和必须注意的问题。

一、 情境创设的理论基础

语言离不开社会,话语离不开语境,语境与语篇、语言系统及社会系统之间存在一种特有的关系。著名语言学家海姆斯认为:语境由八个要素组成,即情境、参与者、目的、行为顺序、语气、途径、规约和体裁。因此,语言学习一定要注意与语境的结合。情景教学法是20世纪五六十年代英国教学法专家Pittman和Palmer等人倡导的教学法。在行为主义习惯生成理论的指导下,该教学法重视语言结构,重视在语境、情景中选择、安排和提出语言项目,重视发音和语法的准确,采用重复和替换活动教授句型。该教学法通过再现真实情景,实现表达语言的意义,在语言的教学过程中发挥良好的作用。这是因为语言是通过情境表达其具体意义的,脱离了一定的社会情境,语言就难以进行交际活动,发挥其表情达意的功能。因此,语言要表达的意义取决于情境,正如语言学家韩礼德指出:对语言进行解释如不把情景看作是基本要素的话,这种解释就会显得十分生硬而没有说服力;如果我们对情景、对语言使用的社会语境有了认识,我们就能在很大程度上预见要说出的话语,而且这种预见往往靠得住。所以,语言教学的一个重要原则便是情境化即不能孤立地教词、句、篇,而是要利用一切手段将围绕词、句、篇的情境展现出来,如事件、人物、时间、地点、场景、上下文和社会文化等各种内外部条件。直观可以使抽象的知识形象化、具体化,能有效帮助学生形成感性知识。上述各种理论证明,在语言教学活动中进行情境创设可以让学生身临其境,感知具体形象,达到抽象概念实体掌握,从而激发学生学习英语的兴趣,变被动语言灌输为主动索求学习。

二、 情境创设的具体方法

1运用实物教具,体现直观情境

实物具有直观性、真实性、趣味性等特点,如果在情境 教学设计 中利用恰当的实物教具,通过教师的演示,将有利于将教学过程直观化、具体化。因为实物直接来自于学生的生活,一看到实物就觉得熟悉,对新知识的理解掌握自然就更快,如教学taller /shorter than 这样的句型时,可以将先准备好的世界第一高人鲍喜顺的照片呈现给学生,问:Who is he (He is Bao xishun) Yes, he is the tallest man of the world Who knows his height (He is 236centimeters tall)而后拿出世界第一矮人何平平的照片,问:Who is he 等等,再结合班上学生的身高进行引导。这种边演示边呈现目标语的方法,学生易于掌握且学后不易忘记,因为它有机结合形象思维和直接思维,对目标语进行直接有效的输入,帮助学生战胜母语干扰,从而提高学习效率。

2利用电教媒体,激发学生兴趣

电教媒体充分运用了现代科学技术的视听等三维手段,使得创设的情境更为形象、生动、逼真。随着科技的发展和中学多媒体设备的普及,录音、幻灯、DVD、计算机多媒体辅助教学等各种电教媒体纷纷出现在英语课堂讲授当中并深受学生喜爱。这些电教媒体的介入,为创设语言环境提供了有利条件,使学生在课堂中从被动的学习者转变成积极的参与者。除此之外,英语教师还可以从互联网上下载资源,将文字、、音乐、动漫等结合起来,发挥光、声、形、色等多重元素的作用,创设图文、声像并茂的情境,使课文文体鲜活起来,从而充分调动学生的多个感觉器官感受和理解话语情境。我们还可以根据不同的电教媒体的性能与教学对象、教学目标、教学内容的不同,采用不同的电教手段,创设最合适的英语课堂情境,达到教学过程的最优化。许多实例证明,在英语教学尤其是口语教学中运用电教媒体,能使孤立的教学内容趣味化、交际化和生活化,从而能有效刺激学生的口语表达欲望,切实提高口语表达能力。

3运用体态语言,趣化语言情境

体态语(Body language)又称为身势语,是非语言交流的一种主要形式,是指人们在交流过程中用来传情达意的面部表情和身体动作等。 教师在课堂中良好的教态和体态对引导学生的形象思维,提高学生听、说、读等语言能力起着重要的作用。一个有经验的教师要善于借助体态语等非语言行为进行语言教学。 有学者曾指出要根据英语教学内容,营造适合场景,调动学生五官和情感投入到学习中,使其在轻松愉快的气氛中掌握语言点。根据初中生的性格、年龄特点,为了达到情境教学的目的,教师可以采取夸张的表情、手势、动作等体态语言,来帮助学生对语言目标的理解和掌握。

比如:初学感叹句,一开始教师可以假装用手敲石头,然后手痛,缩手皱眉头说:What a hard stone /how hard it is! 接着教师做出吃松软蛋糕的样子,陶醉地说:What a soft cake! How soft it is! 待学生对感叹句有点印象后,借助体态语言,教师可以分别演绎吃酸杨梅、喝辣椒水、饮蜂蜜和尝苦瓜等不同情境,让学生一一用感叹句来叙述,并引导学生边表演边说出大量的感叹句。

此外,还可以通过编写短剧故事的方法来创设真实背景,让学生积极投入到情境中练习口语。因为对于十几岁的具有强烈的表演欲和动手欲英语初学者来说,巧妙地把课文编成一部贴近青少年日常生活的短剧或故事能激发他们学习英语口语的兴趣。

三、 情境创设需注意的问题

1情境创设应以课本为依托,贴近交际实际

情境教学一定要紧贴课文,做到难易适中,长短恰当,达到复习旧知识、教授新知识的目的。教师应利用各种方式最大限度模拟出课文的真实情境,使学生能够感知、体会和理解课文语言所负载的含义,一切超过了课文大纲的语言点不应该搬到课堂上去,以免加重学生的负担。创设的情境要轻松愉快并且贴近生活,有利于促进双方(师生)相互理解和表达思想,能激发学生说英语的欲望且易于表达。需要指出的是,轻松愉快的情境教学是英语口语教学的一个良好氛围和教学手段,但绝不是我们的终极目标。很多教师一味追求情境教学的轻松愉快甚至课堂哄堂大笑的效果,忘却了情境教学的终极目的是提高学生的英语表达能力。于是,他们在课堂设置上就会轻重不分,本末倒置,往往一堂课下来,学生只记住了“笑料”,对要讲授的语言点却印象模糊。所以,情境创设要力求生动有趣,要突出课文教学的语言内容和重点,达到锻炼学生英语口语表达能力的终极目的。

2情境创设的选材应具有发散性和可拓展性

语言学习的最高境界不是学会了多少句话,而是能把学会的每一句话拆、散、转、变、重组为各种不同交际场合所需的表达。因此,在情境创设时,我们应注意选用发散性强,拓展性高的例子,而应避免选用单一、偶发的题材。

3情境创设应正视学生口语表达能力差异

情境创设的语言难度应适中,要对学生实行因材施教。学生口语表达能力因为语言环境,学习背景,自身努力程度甚或先天条件的不同而存在较大差异,因此,教师在进行情境创设时应充分考虑该因素,把握好所创设的情境中的语言点。更为重要的是,在课堂中应用所创设的情境时,既要重视口语表达能力好、参与热情高的学生,也要积极鼓励口语表达能力弱、腼腆内向的学生,并予以适度的表扬。分组活动时,也要充分考虑该差异,做出合理的安排。必要时,老师可以介入分组情境语言:介入口语表达相对流畅的,有意识的拓展语言点和应用范围;介入口语表达相对弱的,予以提示和鼓励,帮助其掌握情境中的核心语言点。

可见,在初中英语口语课堂教学中创设情境是现代外语教学理论的新成果,是语言学习的一种有效途径。然而,情境的创设要注意方式方法,把握一定的原则,注意与教学内容和学生实际相结合。这样,初中学生的英语学习兴趣和热情就可以得到激发,口语能力就可以得到提高。

参考文献

[1] D H Hymes Foundations in Sociolinguistics : An Ethnographic Approach Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press1994

[2] 周淑清,韩幼萍,张金秀初中英语教学模式研究北京:北京语言大学出版社,2004

[3] MAKHallidayLanguage as Social Semiotic:the Social Interpretation of Language and MeaningLondonE A1978

[4] Richards,JCPlatt,J& Platt,HLongman Dictionary of Language Teaching & Applied LinguisticsBeijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000

[5] Harmer,JHow to Teach EnglishBeijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2000

(责任编辑刘永庆)

对话2：Behind the Gold Medal

Reporter: Congratulate you on earning all round champions!祝贺你获得全能项目的金牌！

Yang Wei: Thank you!谢谢！

Reporter: At the moment can you tell us your feeling你能告诉我们你此时此刻的心情吗？

Yang Wei: Very excited and happy很激动，也很高兴。

Reporter: What do you want to say best你现在最想说些什么？

Yang Wei: Thank my coach my parents my close players and all the friends who support me fully Thank you very much!感谢我的教练、我的父母、我亲密无间的队友们以及所有权利支持我的朋友们。谢谢你们！

Reporter: Your coach is very kind to you isn't he你的教练对你非常好，对吗？

Yang Wei: Yes But very stict with me He was quite strict in every movement during the training sometimes it seemed to be a little severe是的。但对我非常严格，他对我训练中的每一个动作要求都相当严格，有时似乎有点苛刻。

Reporter: I think it is very helpful to you我想这对你很有帮助。

Yang Wei: Now I understand it completely Except that my players are always correcting my unperfect movements I'm very thankful to them现在我完全理解。除此之外，我的队友也总给我纠正不完美的动作，我非常感激他们。

Reporter: Thank you for your time Best wishes for you!谢谢你接受我们的采访。祝福你！

还可以改编下面的对话

对话1：That's Too Perfect

Bob: Did you watch the performance of gymnastics last night昨天晚上的体操表演你看了吗？

Jim: Of course I like it best He Kexin won uneven bars and her performance was too perfect!当然，我太喜欢了。何可欣赢得了高低杠金牌。她的表演太精彩了！

Bob: Last night her performance looked so relaxed and graceful昨天晚上她的表演看上去是那样的轻松自如，优美娴熟。

Jim: She was quite an experienced gymnast! Not only the performance was perfect but also the movements were quite to the music她是个相当有经验的体操运动员，不但表演漂亮，动作和音乐的配合也完美无比。

Bob: Right The movement that she balanced herself on the strength with a single arm was so wonderful that all the audience stood up说得对。它用一只手臂的力量保持整个身体平衡的那个动作做得如此出色，以致于所有的观众都站起来了。

Jim: En It needs quite good skills and physical strength to do that嗯。那需要相当高的技术和力量。

Bob: Yes Her landing was also swift and sure对，她的落地也同样轻快娴熟。

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