求英语语言学高手回答！

利奇的意义七分法GLeech and his 7 types of meaning in his Semantics

概念意义conceptual meaning

内涵意义connotative meaning 实际交往过程中所指的事物

社会意义social meaning

情感意义 affective meaning

反射意义 reflective meaning 由一个词语联想起来的另外一种意义

搭配意义 collocative meaning

主题意义 thematic meaning 通过调整信息的顺序和强调内容所表达的意义

《新课标》倡导任务型教学模式，即让学生在教学活动中参与和完成真实的教学任务，从中体验学习的快乐。因此我采用“任务——探究——创造”型教学方法，让学生在有趣，开放式的语言环境中，学会观察，思考，讨论和总结，在“用”中发展思维能力、创新意识和各种语言应用能力。我说课的内容是第十一课的第一课时。这是一节情景对话课，围绕“征询意见”这一日常用语展开。在第三课中，学生已经能用“ would you like some”进行询问。能听懂会说chicken，pop, milk, a sandwich。本课时的教学内容为用“What would you like？”进行征询意见。根据这一安排和学生的整体认识水平，从知识教学、能力培养等方面考虑，我确立本课时的教学目标为：

1、知识目标: 能听懂会说I’m hungry What would you likeYes, I’d like…

2、能力目标: 听懂会说hamburger、French fries、pizza、pop。

3、情感目标: 能运用所学句型进行对话表演和口语交际，激发学生学习英语的兴趣，培养学生的英语学习能力。

4 本课时的教学重点是：能听懂会说 I’m hungry What would you like No, I’d like…听懂会说hamburger、French fries、pizza、pop。教学难点是能用“What would you like？”征询别人意见以及hamburger, French fries的正确发音。

5 学情分析: 由于学生已学过类似的对话,我打算以对话的形式讲授新知识

6 教具准备: 录音机,卡片,多媒体

二教学方法：　

讨论法，讲授法，演示法，练习法

三教学程序：

为实现以上目标，我是这样设计教学过程的：

（一）、Warming up

1、Sing some songs

2、Play a game快速呈现食物，做问答。

(通过唱唱、问答的形式，不仅吸引学生的注意力，调动积极性，而且营造了学习英语的氛围。同时也为本课的教学作了知识的铺垫，构建了知识表象。)

（二）、Revision

（紧接着教师摸着肚子，作饥饿状）引导学生一起说出I’m hungry，围绕呈现的快速对话。

（以对话的形式，唤起学生的记忆，使学生熟练运用旧知，同时对I’m hungry进行了渗透。）

（三）、Presentation

1、依次呈现some bread、some juice的。

T: Would you like some bread

S: Yes, please

2、T: I’m thirsty（教师作干渴状，引导学生边做边说I’m thirsty）

T: Would you like some juice

S: Yes,please

T: Here you are

通过已掌握的句型新授hamburger, French fries pizza ,pop。

(利用旧知，在已熟练了的交际语境中学习新单词，同时配以相应的，加深了对单词的理解，也降低了难度。并即使由师生操练转向生生操练，由模仿提高到运用，这符合学生的认知规律。)

3、（呈现以上四幅新授）Make out some dialogues

(将单词融进有实际意义的对话中，充分体现在交际中教，在运用中学的理念，通过这种方式便于学生的理解和运用。)

4、（请一名较突出的学生引导作干渴状）：

S:I’m thirsty I want to drink

T: What would you like, please

S: I’d like some pop, please!

(教师作饥饿状)：

T：I’m hungry I want to eat

S: What would you like, please

T: I’d like some French fries, please!

(在说的过程中予以加以配合，帮助理解；由模仿到练习，反复刺激学生的感官，增强学生对新知的理解和运用。)

（四）、Practise

1、Listen to the tape and read after the tape

2、Act out the dialogue

(在听读的过程中培养学生良好的学习习惯，通过演演的形式让学生在情景中练习达到掌握的目的。)

（五）、consolidation

1、Make a survey

2、Who’s the best

(师生示范表演为学生提供一个可操作的模式，以任务型的活动方式，通过合作学习，并予以评价知道，给学生提供平等的说英语的机会，鼓励学生在竞赛中学，这样既创造了轻松愉快、自然和谐的课堂气氛，又促进了交际活动的展开。通过“Apple Tree”的评价总结，让学生认识到集体目标的实现离不开个人的努力，激发其进一步追求成功的欲望。)

（六）、Homework

1、Read after the tape recording

2、Make up a dialogue in pairs

（将课内的学习延伸到课外，维持学生的学习兴趣。）

What’sforbreakfast

教学目标：

　一、知识与技能：

　认知词汇juiceeggsbreadtoastandjamporridgecereal

　能够运用句子Ilike____forbreakfast进行问答。

　二、过程与方法：

　创设情景，使学生在语言情境中体会并使用语句。

　学生小组合作，给学生更多的交流机会。

　运用事物或，学生更直观的理解认知词汇。

　三、情感态度与价值观：

　培养学生大胆自信地运用英语进行交流。

　提高学生的学习兴趣，调动学生学习的积极性。

　教学重难点：理解认知本课词汇及句子。

　了解西方的饮食文化，介绍早餐。

　教具学具：与本课教学相关的实物及，单词卡片等。

　教学过程：

　一、Classopeningandreview

　1、Greating

　Hello,boysandgirls!Didyoueatyourbreakfast

　2、Review

　Ilike____Idon’tlike____

　二、Newconcepts

　1、What’sthis

　IgetupinthemorningInthemorning,IeatbreakfastWhat’sforbreakfast？

　Look,askandanswer“What’sthis？”

　出示实物及，演示词汇juiceeggsbreadtoastandjam

　Listentotheradio,readthesewordsafewtime

　Play“What’smissing？”

　2、Porridgeorcereal

　(1)利用手偶演示

　板书Ilike____Ilike____forbreakfast

　(2)Askandanswerinpairs

　Whatwouldyoulikeforbreakfast

　Ilike___forbreakfast

　(3)帮助学生理解本课中涉及到的食物及相关的文化背景。

　InCanada,weeatcerealforbreakfastItcomesinaboxIputmilkandsugeronit

　(4)Playtheaudiotapeasthestudentsfollowintheirbooks

　(5)小组创编对话usethesesentences:

　Ilike___forbreakfastWouldyoulikesome____？

　Yes,please/No,thanksIput___onit

　It’sdelicious!

　三、Classclosing

　《活动手册》

　板书：

　Lesson6What’sforbreakfast

　juiceeggsbreadtoastandjam

　What’sforbreakfast

　Ilike____Ilike____forbreakfast

PizzaandHamburgers

一、教学目标

　1、知识

　（1）听懂会说单词chickenFrenchfrieshamburgerpizzapop

　（2）听懂会用句子WhatwouldyoulikeI’dlike________

　2、能力

　（1）能够听懂会说本课会话，做到学以致用。

　（2）通过创设情境使学生感受并学会运用语言，进一步培养学生的口语表达能力。

　3、情感

　了解中西餐的相同和不同之处，进一步了解西方人的饮食文化，为进一步学好外语打下坚实的基础。

　二、教学重点难点

　1、教学重点

　（1）听懂会说chickenFrechfrieshamburgerpizzapop

　(2)听懂会说WhatwouldyoulikeI’dlike_______

　2、教学难点

　（1）听懂会说chickenFrechfrieshamburgerpizzapop

　（2）听懂会说有关WhatwouldyoulikeI’dlike_______

　三、教具学具

　1、教具

　（1）有关本课的教学挂图或幻灯片。

　（2）Frechfrieshamburger实物。

　（3）录音机。

　2、学具

　（1）学生准备有关Frechfrieshamburgerpop的外包装盒。

　（2）画一些实物卡片。

　四、教学过程

　1、复习breadchickencookiesfruitjuicemeatmilksandwichsoup教师出示挂图与学生问答练习。

　T:Doyoulikechicken

　S1:Yes

　T:Wouldyouliketoeatfruit

　S2:Yes,Iwouldlike

　T:DoyoulikeSandwich

　S3:No,Iwouldnot

　2、新授

　(1)出示实物或挂图

　T:What’sthis(指hamburger)

　Ss:Hamburger(学生可能读音不准，教师适当纠正。)

　T:Yes,it’sahamburger

　T:What’sthat(指Frechfries)

　Ss:Frenchfries(教师给予纠正发音)

　T:What’sthis(指pizza)

　Ss:Pizza(纠正读音)

　T:What’sthat(指pop)

　Ss:Pop(这个词学生读起来可能容易些)

　（2）围绕四个单词（hamburgerFrenchfriespizzapop）师生进行对话练习。

　教师站在讲台桌前利用食物或包装盒与自告奋勇的学生进行表演。

　教师扮演售货员，学生扮演顾客。

　T:WhatwouldyoulikeHamburgerorFrechfries

　S1:Hamburger,please

　T:Oh,youwouldlikehambruger

　S1:Yes,I’dlikehamburger

　然后师生互换角色。

　S1:WhatwouldyoulikeFrenchfries

　T:Pizza,pleaseI’dlikepizza

　（3）游戏（猜单词，用手语表示）

　HamburgerFrenchfriespizzapop

　看一看哪个同学反应最快，回答最准确。

　教师用手语表示出吃汉堡，吃薯条，吃比萨饼，喝汽水的动作。

　（4）学习对话Saltorpepper

　教师先用面包片蘸果酱和馒头片蘸果酱向学生渗透Ilike_____on_____Idon’tlike____on_____

　T:IlikejamonbreadIdon’tlikejamonsteambread

　教师表演几遍后让同学们看书，跟录音机朗读课文对话Ilikesalt

　五、板书设计

　Lesson11:PizzaandHamburgers

　ChickenFrenchfrieshanburgerpizzapop

　Whatwouldyoulike

　I’dlike________

Toys

教学目标：

　知识目标：通过本课的学习，使学生能正确地说、读、写、用下列单词及短语：ball/doll/kite/skippingrope;能正确朗读全篇并领会其意义。

　能力目标：通过本课学习，让学生在丰富多彩的游戏活动中熟练运用本课知识，增强学习兴趣，提高英语的交际能力。

　情感与价值观：通过丰富多彩的教学活动，使学生感受到学英语的乐趣，从而让他们从内心喜欢学英语，对英语情有独钟。

　教学重点：要求学生学会单词:

　Balldollkiteskippingrope。

　要求学生熟练掌握本课短语:

　playwithaballplaywithadoll

　flyakiteskipwithaskippingrope

　并能在实际情景中运用。

　教学难点：要求学生熟练掌握本课短语:

　playwithaballplaywithadoll

　flyakiteskipwithaskippingrope

　并能在实际情景中运用。

　教具准备：写有下列单词和短语的卡片：jump/readabook/brushourteeth/combourhair/washourface/skipwiththeskippingrope/flykite/playcatch/playwiththedoll

　实物：一个精美的盒子及球、娃娃、风筝、跳绳等一些玩具及画有它们的卡片。

　学具准备：学具袋中的球、娃娃、风筝、跳绳等小卡片。

　教学过程：

　一、Classopening

　1．Greeting

　(T:Hello!SsS:Hello!T:Howareyou

　S:FineThankyou)

　2Sing“Howareyou”

　二、Newconcepts

　1．出示洋娃娃，用问答的形式教授单词doll,并教授短语playwithadoll,让学生边玩洋娃娃边说短语。

　(设计边游戏边说短语的情节，可以让孩子们在玩中学，增强学生学习的动力。)

　2．用问答的形式揭示单词ball，并用拍球和传接球的动作教授短语playwithaball和playcatchwithaball。让学生结组做传接球游戏，边玩边说所学短语。(根据三年级学生学习注意力时间很短的特点，设计让学生在模仿放风筝动作中来学习单词和短语，让学生在民主、和谐的气氛中增强学习的兴趣。)

　3．教师演示放风筝的动作教授单词kite和短语flyakite，让学生跟老师做放风筝的动作，并说短语。

　4．请一位自告奋勇的学生到台前跳绳，并介绍单词skippingrope和短语skipwithaskippingrope。请同学们起立边说短语边模仿跳绳动作。

　5．PlayagameShowmesomething

　6．Playanothergame

　7．Listentothetapeandfollow

　8．通过听录音，分别就五幅图向学生提问，请学生用“Yes”or“No”

　三、Classclosing

　Playaguessinggame

　板书设计：

　Lesson30Toys

　dollplaywithadoll

　ballplaywithaball

　kiteflyakite

　skippingropeskipwithaskippingrope

宾语从句

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的

1宾语从句的连接词

从属连词

连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether

that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句

He told that he would go to the college the next year

他告诉我他下一年上大学

I don’t know if there will be a bus any more

我不知道是否还会有公交车

Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam

没人知道他是否会通过考试

连接代词

连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等

连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述

Do you know who has won Red Alert game

你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗

I don’t know whom you should depend on

我不知道你该依靠谁

The book will show you what the best CEOs know

这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么

连接副词

连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等

He didn’t tell me when we should meet again

他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面

Could you please tell me how you read the new panel

你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗

None of us knows where these new parts can be bought

没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到

2动词的宾语从句

大多数动词都可以带宾语从句

We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger

我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮

He told us that they would help us through the whole work

他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的

部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句

I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out

我发现这场音乐会的所有票都买光了

Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip

你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗

动词短语也可以带宾语从句

常见的这些词有:

make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记

Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in

在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误

可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句

①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day

我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的

I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together

我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾

②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it

这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to

I hate it when they with their mouths full of food

我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话

He will have it that our plan is really practical

他会认为我们的计划确实可行

I take it that you will agree with us

我们认为你会同意我们的

3介词的宾语从句

用wh-类的介词宾语从句

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club

我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部

The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space

这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的

用that,if引导的介词宾语从句

有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句

I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company

对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知

4形容词的宾语从句

常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised

I am sure I will pass the exam

我确信我会通过考试

I am sorry that I have troubled you so long

很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你

He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill

他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他

中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：

1 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；

2 宾语从句的语序；

3 宾语从句的时态。

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。

一 宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或

形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语

和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill

I am sure (that) he will succeed

2 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe

He asked whose handwriting was the best

Can you tell me where the No3 bus stop is

I don’t know why the train is late

3 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

I want to know if (whether) he lives there

He asked me whether (if) I could help him

二 宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：

I hear (that) physics isn’t easy

I think (that) you will like this school soon

Can you tell me how I can get to zoo

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting

三 宾语从句的时态

1 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

如：

I don’t think (that) you are right

Please tell us where he is

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station

2 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

He asked what time it was

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet

He asked if you had written to Peter

He said that he would go back to the US soon

3 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year

Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun

中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：

1 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；

2 宾语从句的语序；

3 宾语从句的时态。

考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到宾语从句。

一 宾语从句的种类

宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或

形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语

和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：

He said (that) he wanted to stay at home

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill

I am sure (that) he will succeed

2 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：

Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe

He asked whose handwriting was the best

Can you tell me where the No3 bus stop is

I don’t know why the train is late

3 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：

I want to know if (whether) he lives there

He asked me whether (if) I could help him

二 宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：

I hear (that) physics isn’t easy

I think (that) you will like this school soon

Can you tell me how I can get to zoo

Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting

三 宾语从句的时态

1 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

如：

I don’t think (that) you are right

Please tell us where he is

Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station

2 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：

He asked what time it was

He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet

He asked if you had written to Peter

He said that he would go back to the US soon

3 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：

Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year

Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun

中考范例

1 (2004年北京市中考试题)

Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002

A where does she live B Where she lives

C where did she live D where she lived

解析答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。

2 (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)

Would you please tell me ________

A when did he come home

B where he would play football

C if he had seen the film

D why he didn’t watch the game

解析答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。

3 (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)

I don’t know when __________

A will the train leave B the train will leave

C would the train leave D the train leave

解析答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。

4 (2004年常州市中考试题)

---We don’t know _____________

---It is said that he was born in Sweden

A what he is B if he lives here

C where he comes from D which country is he from

解析答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。

满分演练

一 单项填空

1 Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday

A what will Tom do B what did Tom do

C what Tom will do D what Tom did

2 I want to know_________

A what is his name B what’s his name

C that his name is D what his name is

3 Do you know ________ I could pass the exam

A that B whether C what D which

4 Jim doesn’t understand ____________

A which is the way to the museum

B why his wife always goes shopping

C what is the way to the museum

D why does she always go shopping

5 ---Could you tell me ______ she is looking for

A that B whose C who D which

6 Mr King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening

A when does his son come home

B when his son comes home

C when did his son come home

D when his son came home

7 Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning

A how does he mend B how he mends

C how he mended D how did he mend

8 ---I’m waiting for the mail Do you know ________ it will arrive

---Usually it comes by 4: 00

A how B where C when D what

9 ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________

---Certainly Go straight along here It’s next to a hospital

A how we can get to the post office

B how can we get to the post office

C how get to the post office

D how could we get to the post office

10 ---Can I help you

---Yes I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei Can you tell me ______ take to get there

A how soon will it B how soon it will

C how long it will D how long will it

11 He wanted to know ___________

A whether he speaks at the meeting

B when the meeting would start

C what he’s going to do at the meeting

D where would the meeting be held

12 ---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden

---The day after tomorrow, I think

A when will you visit B when you will visit

C when would you visit D when you would visit

13 Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang

A what should we do B we should do what

C what we should do D should we do what

14 You can’t imagine _________ when they received these nice Christmas presents

A how they were excited B how excited they were

C how excited were they D they were how excited

15 I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow

A that B when C where D whether

16 ---Could you tell me ____________

---Sorry, I don’t know I was not at the meeting

A what does he say at the meeting

B what did he say at the meeting

C what he says at the meeting

D what he said at the meeting

17 ---Could you tell me _________ last night

---Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home

A what you were doing B what were you doing

C what you are doing D what are you doing

18 The teacher asked the students __________

A if they were interested in dinosaurs

B when was Albert Einstein born

C what they will do with the computers

D how many trees they have planted

19 Every morning the patients are asked if ________ their temperature taken

A they had had B have they had

C they have had D had they had

20 It’s up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there, by air or by road

A how B why C that D when

二 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子

1 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。

Li Ming says _______ _______ interested in playing computer games

2 我认为玛丽不回来了。

I don’t think Mary ______ ______

3 山姆给我说他准备去上海。

Sam told me that he _______ _______ for Shanghai

4 请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？

Could you tell me _______ I can get to the Bell Tower

5 父亲说他买了一台新电脑。

Father said that he ________ ________ a new computer

6 我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。

I want to know _________ there is a train to Beijing

7 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？

Do you know ______ _______ a double room ______

8 请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？

Could you tell me ______ ______ we’re going to be away

9 叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。

Uncle said that he ______ _______ a new novel

10 杰克说他有重要事情要做。

Jack said he _______ something important to do

练习答案

一 1C 2D 3B 4B 5C 6D 7C 8C 9A 10C 11B 12B 13C 14B 15D 16D 17A 18A 19C 20A

二 1he is 2will come 3was leaving 4how 5had bought 6if (whether) 7how much 8how long 9was writing 10had