理智与情感英文对白

Love is not love,

Which alters when it alteration finds,

Or bends with the remover to remove

O no! It is an ever-fixed mark,

That looks on tempests and is never shaken

说变心就变心，哪能算是爱哪能任凭抹灭不，爱是永不褪色的印记,纵有狂风暴雨也绝不动摇

　　Sense and Sensibility is a novel by Jane Austen that was first published in 1811 It was the first of Austen's novels to be published, under the pseudonym "A Lady" The novel has been adapted for film and television a number of times, most notably in Ang Lee's 1995 version

　　Plot introduction

　　The story concerns two sisters, Elinor and Marianne Dashwood (Elinor representing "sense" and Marianne "sensibility") Along with their mother and younger sister Margaret, they are left impoverished after the death of their father, and the family is forced to move to a country cottage, offered to them by a generous relative

　　Elinor forms an attachment to the gentle and courteous Edward Ferrars, unaware that he is already secretly engaged After their move, Marianne meets Willoughby, a dashing young man who leads her into undisciplined behaviour, so that she ignores the attentions of the faithful (but older) Colonel Brandon The contrast between the sisters' characters is eventually resolved as both find love and lasting happiness

　　Publisher Comments:

　　A timeless tale of romantic manners and mores in which two vastly different sisters experience love and loss under the rigid view of British society

　　The life and work of Jane Austen

　　Jane Austen was born at Steventon on December 16, 1775, the youngest of seven children She received her education—scanty enough, by modern standards—at home Besides the usual elementary subjects, she learned French and some Italian, sang a little, and became an expert needle-woman Her reading extended little beyond the literature of the eighteenth century, and within that period she seems to have cared most for the novels of Richardson and Miss Burney, and the poems of Cowper and Crabbe Dr Johnson, too, she admired, and later was delighted with both the poetry and prose of Scott The first twenty-five years of her life she spent at Steventon; in 1801 she moved with her family to Bath, then a great center of fashion; after the death of her father in 1805, she lived with her mother and sister, first at Southampton and then at Chawton; finally she took lodgings at Winchester to be near a doctor, and there she died on July 18, 1817, and was buried in the cathedral Apart from a few visits to friends in London and elsewhere, and the vague report of a love affair with a gentleman who died suddenly, there is little else to chronicle in this quiet and uneventful life

　　But quiet and uneventful though her life was, it yet supplied her with material for half a dozen novels as perfect of their kind as any in the language While still a young girl she had experimented with various styles of writing, and when she completed "Pride and Prejudice" at the age of twenty-two, it was clear that she had found her appropriate form This novel, which in many respects she never surpassed, was followed a year later by "Northanger Abbey," a satire on the "Gothic" romances then in vogue; and in 1809 she finished "Sense and Sensibility," begun a dozen years before So far she had not succeeded in having any of her works printed; but in 1811 "Sense and Sensibility" appeared in London and won enough recognition to make easy the publication of the others Success gave stimulus, and between 1811 and 1816, she completed "Mansfield Park," "Emma," and "Persuasion" The last of these and "Northanger Abbey" were published posthumously

　　The most remarkable characteristic of Jane Austen as a novelist is her recognition of the limits of her knowledge of life and her determination never to go beyond these limits in her books She describes her own class, in the part of the country with which she was acquainted; and both the types of character and the events are such as she knew from first-hand observation and experience But to the portrayal of these she brought an extraordinary power of delicate and subtle delineation, a gift of lively dialogue, and a peculiar detachment She abounds in humor, but it is always quiet and controlled; and though one feels that she sees through the affectations and petty hypocrisies of her circle, she seldom becomes openly satirical The fineness of her workmanship, unexcelled in the English novel, makes possible the discrimination of characters who have outwardly little or nothing to distinguish them; and the analysis of the states of mind and feeling of ordinary people is done so faithfully and vividly as to compensate for the lack of passion and adventure She herself speaks of the "little bit (two inches wide) of ivory on which I work," and, in contrast with the broad canvases of Fielding or Scott, her stories have the exquisiteness of a fine miniature

学会理智勇敢和坚强的英文是什么

译文：To pursue sense,courage and strength

小贴士：

1：pursue 用了这个词，在英语中，常用这个词表达一种愿望和通往这个愿望的努力的过程，它表示意愿的程度很强。

2：sense。参看名著《理智与情感》（Sense and Sensibility）理智和明智/智慧（wisdom）或聪明（wise）还是有区别的。sense 用在这里最贴切。

　　心理学家认为:和谐是指事物和现象各个方面完美的配合、协调和多样的统一;和谐不是事物各个分散部分外在的联合在人感知中的印迹,而是它们基于本质联系的内外统一和相互渗透通过感知在人的感情和理智中产生的一种积极反映。和谐为美,则陶冶人的高尚情操,激发创造热情,促进人主动全面发展。基于对和谐的认识,当今国家在大力推进社会主义和谐社会的建设,许多学校也在进行和谐校园建设的探索。而我认为英语教学中创造和谐更是学生自身发展和教育持续发展的需要。

一、情感和谐与课堂教学

在课堂教学中,情感和谐指师生关系的和谐、生生关系的和谐。师生关系具有能动性,蕴含着巨大情感、认知和智能能力。课堂具有良好的师生关系,教师和学生的这种能动性就会充分发挥出来,各种潜力就会得到充分挖掘和发现,产生良好的教学效果。如果师生关系恶劣,教师和学生的能动性就会受到抑制,各种潜力就会被埋没,导致教学效果不理想。而且课堂上的和谐,有利于增进师生之间的理解、信任、支持,消除彼此间的情感障碍和行为障碍;有利于发挥学生在课堂中的主体作用;有利于培养学生的创新能力、自我发现能力和终身学习能力。

二、情感和谐与中学英语课堂教学

高中英语课程标准要求我们在进一步发展学生综合语言运用能力的基础上,着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息分析问题和解决问题的能力,特别注重提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力;形成跨文化交际的意识和基本的跨文化交际的能力……英语教学的实质是交际,是人与人主体之间进行思想、情感、信息交流的过程;是通过师生之间、生生之间的交际活动,在物质操作和思维操作结合上认识英语、掌握英语、形成运用英语的能力。在交际化的课堂中,我们越来越多的教师通过创设情景,激励学生初步运用英语进行思想交流、创造性地使用英语。可是我们从教学实践中也看到,并不是所有的教师都能轻松愉快地调动学生的积极性,让学生主动参与交流。往往是,教师竭尽全力备课,充分利用多媒体等手段,创设出较为逼真的语言交际环境,学生在教师的帮助下的确掌握了一定的语言知识,但在真正要运用英语交际或创造性运用英语交际的阶段,学生却往往不如人意地表现为无话可说或不知该怎么做;即使能说一点也只停留在只言片语上,而且还词不达意,远远达不到自由交流的目标。

在对比优秀教师的教学过程、分析造成以上情况的原因时,我们发现,课堂上教师与学生的关系是创设语言情境的关键,决定整个课堂的交际氛围,即英语课堂上融洽的、开放的师生关系是课堂交际化的关键。

三、如何创建情感和谐的师生关系

我们知道,课堂上师生关系的主导者是教师,教师用什么态度对待学生直接影响学生对教学过程的参与。师生双方的认识活动是相互依存、相互作用的。平等融洽的师生关系能缓解学生内心的紧张,从而激发他们的思维力和想象力,交际也就更为活跃。那么我们应该怎样建立和谐的师生关系呢我认为我们教师应从以下几个方面做起:

1提高自身内功,做称职导演

英语教师必须具备扎实的基本功;具备很强的用英语进行交际和组织教学活动的能力;具备相当的跨文化交际知识及教育学、心理学、英语教学法理论并能恰当地将他们运用于教学中。这样才能吃透大纲,把握教材精髓,把握重点、难点,把复杂内容条理化、枯燥问题趣味化、抽象问题形象化、困难句子浅易化。在交际化的课堂中,教师应根据需要选择具有代表性、扩展性、趣味性和生活性的话题,以便不同层次的学生都能加入到课堂活动中,学有所得,学有所乐;以便学生在话题中能充分运用所学知识,既锻炼语言交际能力,又复习巩固、创造性地应用新旧知识,能激发学生关注生活中的外语知识,拉近学生与社会、与生活的距离。

2调适自身情绪,树亲民形象

教学过程是师生情感交流、彼此感染的过程。教师的情绪表现不可避免地影响学生的心理状态:教师情绪饱满或善于调控,可以使课堂气氛轻松融洽;而不良情绪可能使课堂气氛沉闷压抑,诱发学生焦虑心理,导致教学中学生角色的附庸化。因此教师的情绪在很大程度上影响课堂教学的和谐。如果教师将自己的不良情绪迁移至课堂,动辄发脾气、对学生极不耐烦,学生将会产生抵触情绪,一方面影响课堂教学效果,另一方面会影响学生以后的认知。如果教师带进课堂的是得体的装束、微笑的表情、关爱的眼神、饱满的情绪、优美的语言,学生将会被吸引、被感化,并主动参与、设计教学活动,真正做到“乐学”。

3摆正自身位置,建平等关系

学生是具有主观能动性的人,是具有一定认知能力的主体。教师在课堂教学中,不能充当灌输者,而应该作为“传授者”、“组织者”、“引导者”、“帮助者”、“交际合作者”和“心理治疗者”。热爱、信任学生;关心学生,想学生之所想,急学生之所急,使教育者和受教育者在人格上平等,以便学生消除各种心理障碍,降低他们的焦虑程度,使他们“亲其师”而“信其道”。

4接纳不同声音,不随便说“No”

学说英语出错是自然的、正常的、必然的,在交际化的课堂中,教师不应引导过多、有错必纠。要与学生交流,就应该允许学生有不同的想法和信息存在,学生和教师是平等的对话者。课堂控制应有一定的宽松度,允许学生的话题有稍许的拓宽。正确的做法是引导学生回到主题,而不是生硬地打断学生话题。对于学生所犯的语言错误,只要不影响交际的顺利进行,教师应多宽容、善引导;应先肯定、再纠错。这样有利于学生减轻运用目的语时怕出错的心理压力,增强他们的自信心,提高他们语言习得的成功率。

5关注特殊群体,不歧视“差”生

每个班上也许都会有这么一些学生,他们或基础相对薄弱,或学习习惯不佳,或学习兴趣不浓。教师如果漠视他们,从不或很少关注他们,他们的自尊心将会倍受打击;他们的主动性和进取心会受到抑制;教师如果讽刺挖苦他们,不但会引起课堂气氛的恶性循环,还会引发他们对教师的不满和对优秀学生的排斥,从而影响他们与教师、与同学的正常交流。所以教师应该平等地对待每个学生,从思想上否认“学困”生学不好,他们只是学习慢了一拍,跳一跳都能摘到果子的。关心他们,关注他们的每一点进步,这是教师的职责,因为我们的教学目的是让学生进步,让学生共同提高。

(责任编辑:郑 卫)