#教案# 导语《Pandas love bamboo》是在学生已经学习了动物的一般习性之后,所设置的一部分巩固操练的内容。课文从听、说方面进一步加深学生对前一单元的理解,并进行升华,使学生能够结合本模块的核心句型、结合情景内容替换其中部分信息。 准备了以下内容,供大家参考!
篇一
教材分析:
教材分析本单元是对英语中一般现在时句型的扩展和练习,学生可以运用所学语言讨论动物习性这一真实语言情景,将语言变得生活化、情境化,从而掌握一般现在时的各种句式。本课没有偏词难句,主要的语言功能就是让学生会用简单的句式介绍和描述动物的习性。
学情分析:
小学生都具有好奇、好玩、好动、好表现、好表扬等心理特点,同时对新奇的事物非常感兴趣。同时,六年级学生也具备了一定的合作能力和参与意识,在一定的情境中,学生能够积极的参与、大胆表达、勇于合作,展现出良好的学习氛围。
教学目标:
《小学英语课程标准》强调指出:“英语教学要重视对学生实际语言运用能力的培养,重视学生的学习方式和任务型的教学途径,发展学生的综合语言运用能力。” 根据以上要求及对学生实际情况的分析,我制定了如下教学目标。
(一)知识与技能:引导学生运用一般现在时的句子介绍动物习性。
(二)过程与方法:学生通过小组合作,组内讨论,组间交流,培养学生自主学习和运用语言的能力。
(三)情感态度与价值观:通过了解动物与人类的和谐关系,激发学生热爱动物的情感和自觉保护动物的意识。
教学策略:
(一)教学方式与学习方式 [教学方式:“任务型”教学方式 学习方式:自主探究、合作交流] 本课的设计中,我运用了“任务型”教学方式,要求学生通过表达、询问、解释、沟通、交涉、协商等多种语言活动形式来完成任务,同时注重英语中听、说、读、写各项基本技能的训练;英语课程标准强调重视学生实际语言运用能力的培养,倡导体验、实践、参与、合作与交流的学习方式。学生将在“任务型”教学方式的引导下,在自主探究与合作交流中学习和运用语言。
(二)评价方式 [评价方式:多元性评价] 心理学家指出:学生在课堂上有获得表扬的需要,评价的主体应该是多元性的。所以,在教学中我着眼于学生语言运用的培养,采用激励性评价、师生评价、生生互评等多元性评价方式,在教学活动中充分激发学生的求知欲和表现欲,实现教学过程的化。
(三)教学手段
1、结合本课教学目标我设计了“猜谜语”、“听音排序”、“听音写词”、“动物习性的讨论”、 “学说小韵诗”、“写写喜爱的动物”等几项任务。
2、利用,激发学生的学习兴趣。
3、采用小组比赛的形式,激发学生积极参与,培养其集体荣誉感。
教学过程:
一、Warm up
T: Good morning, boys and girls!
Ss: Good morning, teacher!
T: Pleased to meet you!
Ss: Pleased to meet you, too!
T: Now relax yourself Let’s listen to music
(Play the song Old MacDonald had a farm)
Ss: (Listen, repeat and clap)
T: This song sounds nice There are lots of animals in the song Yes
Ss: Yes!
T: Do you like animals
Ss: Yes!
T: Now I say, you guess which animals they are Let’s have a match between four groups OK
Ss: OK!
T: Number
1 They’ve got long tails They climb trees very fast They like bananas What are they
S1: They are monkeysT: You are very clever! Group 2 can get a flag
T: Number
2 They are tall They’ve got long necks What are they
S2: They are pandasT: Fantastic! Group 3, a flag!
T: Who can say another animal
二、Presentation
T: So many animals! I like pandas But I don’t like snakes (Write on board) What about you
S1: I like monkeys But I don’t like tigers
S2: I like bears But I don’t like dogs
T: Good And do you know what do pandas love (Write the title: Unit 2 Pandas love bamboo)Ss: (Read the title together for twice)
T: Today we’ll discuss some animals Let’s see what they are(Show the pictures of animals)
Ss: (Read and spell the words together for twice)
三、New contents
T: These animals are lovely You can see them on your books Now listen to the tape, order the pictures
T: Now I’ll check the answers Who can tell me
S1: Number 1 is …T: Excellent! And what do they like Let’s listen, then you should say and write down the sentences
T: First, which animals
Ss: Snakes
T: Who can repeat the sentence
S3: Snakes love the sun
T: Great! (Write on the board) Read together, please
Ss: Snakes love the sun
T: Next, which animals
Ss: Elephants
T: Who can repeat
S4: Elephants like water
T: Can you write on board(The same process for the other animals)
Ss: (Read the sentences together)
T: (Correct the mistakes)
T: Now I say numbers, you say the sentences
T: Who can come here and point to the pictures for us
S2: I can …You are very good!
四、Practice
T: Can you remember now
Ss: Yes!
T: OK I say, you guess They love the sun What are they
S5: They are snakesT: Very good Now work in pairs, practice part 2
Ss: (Work in pairs to do the practice)
T: Who want to show your dialogueSs: (Several groups act out)
T: You did a good job! Now let’s learn another animal----owl(Read and explain the word)
T: I’ll ask students to explain the sentences
Ss: (Study the chant, and then say with the rhyme)
五、Enlargement
T: Today we’ve learnt lots of animals But which do you like Now talk in groups: What are your favorite animals Why
Ss: (Talk in groups)
T: Stop! Now write down your ideas You can write like this: My favorite animals are …Because… T: Who want to read your sentences
S1: …
S2: …
T: You are very lovely We love animals, because they are our good friends Let’s read loudly!
Ss: We love animals, because they are our good friends
T: Again! Louder!
Ss: We love animals, because they are our good friends!
T: Well done, children! You should remember this sentenceClass is over Goodbye, children!
Ss: Goodbye, teacher!
篇二
教材分析:
本节课是一年级起点第11册英语Module7 Unit1 Pandas love bamboo的课文教学,课型为新授课。六年级学生对于动物有很多了解,因此,本课主要是为学生梳理知识,用已有知识描述动物,这也是本册教材的重点之一。
学生分析:
六年级学生有一定的自学能力,因此,可以给学生更多展示的空间,他们通过小组合作等方式先自学,教师加以引导和指点。
教学目标:
1、语言知识:全体学生能够听懂、会说、会读、会写写单词 bamboo/ gave/ its/ almost/ deaf/ frightened/ sh/ roar/ fox/ at night 句子Pandas love bamboo They eat for twelve hours a day! Do snakes love music No, they don’t They’re almost deaf!
2、 语言技能: 全体学生能够在适当的情境中,运用已学语言谈论动物的生活习性和不同的人与动物的睡眠习惯。
3、 情感态度:全体学生能够积极参与各项活动并且有团结合作的意识,向朋友介绍自己喜欢的动物。
4、学习策略:全体学生通过小组交流等方法,学会运用所学的英语,进行表达和交流,在词语和事物之间建立联想。
5、文化意识:全体学生能够中外文化的异同, 关注不同国家标志性动物,培养爱国主义情感和跨文化意识。
教学重点:
能在实际情景中运用已学语言谈论动物的生活习性和不同的人与动物的睡眠习惯。
教学难点:
在情境中恰当地运用已学语言谈论动物的生活习性和不同的人与动物的睡眠习惯。
教学过程:
一、复习导入Warm-up and lead in( 3 min )
1 Warmer: Sing a song
2 Free Talk: Watch the cartoon
Do snakes love music Does the dog love music
设计意图通过song 营造轻松愉悦氛围,激发学习英语兴趣,通过Free Talk顺利的引出本课内容,为本课作知识性的铺垫。
二、任务呈现Task presentation( 2 min)
T板题并揭示学习目标: 运用已学语言谈论动物的生活习性和不同的人与动物的睡眠习惯。
三、课文学习Text learning( 10 min)
1.Listen to the text带着问题,整体感知课文
What is the DVD about
2 Listen again
What does it say about animals Let’s see
在任务驱动下,学生先自学,教师加以引导和总结
(1) What do pandas love
(2)How many hours do pandas eat a day
(3)What can snake do
(4)Why Do snakes love music
(5) What do you think about the DVD
a自读课文,在文中画出答案
b小组合作,交流答案
3 Listen, point and act
4课文巩固:Talk about the pictures A3
设计意图创设学习氛围,激发兴趣,展现与本文相关的信息,直接切入主题。学生带问题听录音,帮助理解课文培养学生了解中西方文化的差异,引导学生热爱祖国。
四、训练巩固 Practice( 10 min)
1 口头操练: Ask and answer A4
2 笔头训练: Read and choose
设计意图在情景交流中学习英语,体验英语,层层深入,加对课文的理解,通过练习反馈学生的理解程度。
五、任务完成 Task completion( 10 min)
Make a riddle
教师提供可用语言 What’s your favourite animal Do you love…? Why What can… do 小组自编对话进行展示。
设计意图教师为学生提供自主学习和相互交流的机会以及充分表现的空间。
六、小结与布置作业 Summary and homework( 5 min)
1 Summary:学生自主总结本课知识点
2 Homework
必做:读课文,抄写目标句子 选做:Free Talk, 小练笔
板书设计:
Module 7 Unit 1
Pandas love bamboo
love
can/can’t Animal eat for…
篇三
教材分析:
本单元是在学生已经学习了动物的一般习性之后,所设置的一部分巩固操练的内容。课文从听、说方面进一步加深学生对前一单元的理解,并进行升华,使学生能够结合本模块的核心句型、结合情景内容替换其中部分信息。
学情分析:
经过 Unit1的学习后,学生已经能够掌握一些关于动物的喜好的表述方法。根据六年级学生的身心特点,他们对动物世界的一些奥秘会表现出非常浓厚的兴趣,这一点在本课的教学起到了至关重要的作用。
教学目标:
(一)知识目标
1、能准确运用“like”与“love”。
2、掌握句型:They love 、What are they/is it Dolike
(二)能力目标
1、培养学生的合作能力。
2、培养学生的听辨能力及学会在情境中理解词语的不同意义的能力。
(三)情感目标
1、激发学生对动物世界的好奇心及求知欲。
2、培养学生大胆展示自我的能力。
教学重点:
能准确运用句型:They love 、What are they/is it Dolike
教学难点:
培养学生的听辨能力及学会在情境中理解词语的不同意义的能力。
教学过程:
一、Warm-up
1 、播放歌曲《Old Macdonald has a zoo》
2、提问What is your favourite animal
3、出示动物,提问动物名称。
二、Presentation
1、教师扮作动物园饲养员,出示实物若干“水、竹子、鱼、太阳、阴雨”等,给动物分食物
2、扮演熊猫引导学生区分“like”与“love”。
3、出示天气,通过对天气的喜爱程度,引导学生运用“like”与“love”。
三、Practice
1、听活动一录音完成动物特征和喜好表格。
2、依据表格进行谜语创作。
四、Consolidation
1、播放录音,让学生体会语调。
2、引导学生小组设计一组就动物习性进行的谈话,用准确的语调展示。
五、Summary
引导学生整理本模块内容,介绍所学内容。
板书设计:
Module7 Unit2 Pandas love bamboo。
Snakes love the sun
What are they Elephants like the water
They are Pandas love bamboo
Dogs play with children
Cats like fish
Bears sleep in the winter
《飘》的畅销盛况一度成为出版史上的一段佳话。下面是我带来的外国名著经典英语段落 ,欢迎阅读!
外国名著经典英语段落精选
Gerald had come to America from Ireland when he was twenty-one He had come hastily, as many a better and worse Irishman before and since, with the clothes he had on his back, twoshillings above his passage money and a price on his head that he felt was larger than his misdeed warranted There was no Orangeman this side of hell worth a hundred pounds to the British government or to the devil himself; but if the government felt so strongly about the death of an English absentee landlord’s rent agent, it was time for Gerald O’Hara to be leaving and leaving suddenly True, he had called the rent agent “a bastard of an Orangeman,” but that, according to Gerald’s way of looking at it, did not give the man any right to insult him by whistling the opening bars of “The Boyne Water”
21岁那年杰拉尔德来到美国。他是匆匆而来像以前或以后许多好好坏坏的爱尔兰人那样,因为他只带着身上穿的衣服和买船票剩下的两个先令,以及悬赏捉拿他的那个身价,而且他觉得这个身价比他的罪行所应得的还高了一些。世界上还没有一个奥兰治派分子值得英国政府或魔鬼本身出一百镑的;但是如果政府对于一个英国的不在地主地租代理人的死会那么认真,那么杰拉尔德·奥哈拉的突然出走便是适时的了。的确,他曾经称呼过地租代理人为"奥兰治派野崽子"不过,按照杰拉尔德对此事的看法,这并不使那个人就有权哼着《博因河之歌》那开头几句来侮辱他。
The Battle of the Boyne had been fought more than a hundred years before, but, to the O’Haras and their neighbors, it might have been yesterday when their hopes and their dreams, as well as their lands and wealth, went off in the same cloud of dust that enveloped a frightened and fleeing Stuart prince, leaving William of Orange and his hated troops with their orangecockades to cut down the Irish adherents of the Stuarts
博因河战役是一百多年以前的事了,但是在奥哈拉家族和他们的邻里看来,就像昨天发生的事,那时他们的希望和梦想,他们的土地和钱财,都在那团卷着一位惊惶逃路的斯图尔特王子的魔雾中消失了,只留下奥兰治王室的威廉和他那带着奥兰治帽徽的军队来屠杀斯图尔特王朝的爱尔兰依附者了。
外国名著经典英语段落阅读For this and other reasons, Gerald’s family was not inclined to view the fatal outcome of thisquarrel as anything very serious, except for the fact that it was charged with seriousconsequences For years, the O’Haras had been in bad odor with the English constabulary onaccount of suspected activities against the government, and Gerald was not the first O’Hara totake his foot in his hand and quit Ireland between dawn and morning His two oldest brothers,James and Andrew, he hardly remembered, save as close-lipped youths who came and went atodd hours of the night on mysterious errands or disappeared for weeks at a time, to theirmother’s gnawing anxiety They had come to America years before, after the discovery of asmall arsenal of rifles buried under the O’Hara pigsty Now they were successful merchants inSavannah, “though the dear God alone knows where that may be,” as their mother alwaysinterpolated when mentioning the two oldest of her male brood, and it was to them thatyoung Gerald was sent
由于这个以及别的原因,杰拉尔德的家庭并不想把这场争吵的毁灭结果看得十分严重,只把它看作是一桩有严重影响的事而已。多年来,奥哈拉家与英国警察部门的关系很不好,原因是被怀疑参与了反政府活动,而杰拉尔德并不是奥哈拉家族中头一个暗中离开爱尔兰的人。他几乎想不其他的两个哥哥詹姆斯和安德鲁,只记得两个闷声不响的年轻人,他们时常在深夜来来去去,干一些神秘的钩当,或者一走就是好几个星期,使母亲焦急万分。他们是许多年前人们在奥哈拉家猪圈里发现在一批理藏的来福枪之到美国的。现在他们已在萨凡纳作生意发了家,"虽然只有上帝才知道那地方究竟在哪里"----他们母亲提起这两个大儿子时老是这样说,年轻的杰拉尔德就是给送到两位哥哥这里来的。
He left home with his mother's hasty kiss on his cheek and her fervent Catholic blessing in his ears, and his father's parting admonition, “Remember who ye are and don’t be taking nothing off no man” His five tall brothers gave him good-by with admiring but slightly patronizingsmiles, for Gerald was the baby and the little one of a brawny family
离家出走时,母亲在他脸上匆匆吻了一下,并贴着耳朵说了一声天主教的祝福,父亲则给了临别赠言,"要记住自己是谁,不要学别人的样。"他的五位高个子兄弟羡慕而略带关注地微笑着向他道了声再见,因为杰拉尔德在强壮的一家人中是最小和最矮的一个。
外国名著经典英语段落学习His five brothers and their father stood six feet and over and broad in proportion, but littleGerald, at twenty-one, knew that five feet four and a half inches was as much as the Lord in Hiswisdom was going to allow him It was like Gerald that he never wasted regrets on his lack ofheight and never found it an obstacle to his acquisition of anything he wanted Rather, it wasGerald’s compact smallness that made him what he was, for he had learned early that littlepeople must be hardy to survive among large ones And Gerald was hardy
他父亲和五个哥哥都身六英尺以上,其粗壮的程度也很相称,可是21岁的小个子杰拉尔德懂得,五英尺四英寸半便是上帝所能赐给他的最大高度了。对杰拉尔德来说,他从不以自己身材矮小而自怨自艾,也从不认为这会阻碍他去获得自己所需要的一切。更确切些不如说,正是杰拉尔德的矮小精干使他成为现在这样,因为他早就明白矮小的人必须在高大者中间顽强地活下去。而杰拉尔德是顽强的。
His tall brothers were a grim, quiet lot, in whom the family tradition of past glories, lost forever,rankled in unspoken hate and crackled out in bitter humor Had Gerald been brawny, he wouldhave gone the way of the other O’Haras and moved quietly and darkly among the rebels againstthe government But Gerald was “loud-mouthed and bullheaded,” as his mother fondly phrasedit, hair trigger of temper, quick with his fists and possessed of a chip on his shoulder so largeas to be almost visible to the naked eye He swaggered among the tall O’Haras like a struttingbantam in a barnyard of giant Cochin roosters, and they loved him, baited him affectionatelyto hear him roar and hammered on him with their large fists no more than was necessary tokeep a baby brother in his proper place
他那些高个儿哥哥是些冷酷寡言的人,在他们身上,历史光荣的传统已经永远消失,沦落为默默的仇恨,爆裂出痛苦的幽默来了。要是杰拉尔德也生来强壮,他就会走上向奥哈拉家族中其他人的道路,在反政府的行列中悄悄地、神秘地干起来。可杰拉尔德像他母亲钟爱地形容的那样,是个"高嗓门,笨脑袋",嬷嬷暴躁,动辄使拳头,并且盛气凌人,叫人见人怕。他在那些高大的奥哈拉家族的人中间,就像一只神气十足的矮脚鸡在满院子大个儿雄鸡中间那样,故意昂首阔步,而他们都爱护他,亲切地怂恿地高声喊叫,必要时也只伸出他们的大拳头敲他几下,让这位小弟弟不要太得意忘形了。
出自英国诗人布莱克的这首《天真的预言》
该诗最出名的是前四句,
To see a world in a grain of sand
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand
And eternity in an hour
Auguries of Innocence 天真的预言
-William Blake -威廉·布莱克
To see a world in a grain of sand 一沙一混沌
And a heaven in a wild flower, 一花一天堂,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand 一手掌乾坤
And eternity in an hour 一霎蓄无疆。
A robin redbreast in a cage 知更鸟儿笼中囚
Puts all heaven in a rage 花花天堂怒不休
A dove-house filled with doves and pigeons 家鸽野鸽挤一堂
Shudders hell through all its regions 震天颤地荡苍茫。
A dog starved at his master's gate 狗趴主人门前饿
Predicts the ruin of the state 昭示国毁家落寞。
A horse misused upon the road 马儿受虐奔路上
Calls to heaven for human blood 痛唤天将人血偿。
Each outcry of the hunted hare 兔儿被猎叫声声
A fibre from the brain does tear 声声如刀绞心门。
A skylark wounded in the wing, 云雀羽伤,
A cherubim does cease to sing 天使止唱。
The game-cock clipped and armed for fight 娱鸡蓄势斗
Does the rising sun affright 旭日亦颤抖。
Every wolf's and lion's howl 狮狼吼纷纷
Raises from hell a human soul 一吼一人魂。
The wild deer wandering here and there 野鹿游四方
Keeps the human soul from care 意冷人心荒。
The lamb misused breeds public strife, 羊虐众生恼,
And yet forgives the butcher's knife 犹念恕屠刀。
The bat that flits at close of eve 夜近蝠飞
Has left the brain that won't believe 疑生心背。
The owl that calls upon the night 猫头鹰呼唤着黑夜
Speaks the unbeliever's fright 讲述背信者的恐怯。
He who shall hurt the little wren 谁人伤鹪鹩
Shall never be beloved by men 逢男皆离逃。
He who the ox to wrath has moved 谁人惹牛怒
Shall never be by woman loved 逢女皆陌路。
The wanton boy that kills the fly 顽童戏飞虫
Shall feel the spider's enmity 蜘蛛敌意浓。
He who torments the chafer's sprite 谁人折磨金龟子的灵魂
Weaves a bower in endless night 在无尽的黑夜纠结冰冷。
The caterpillar on the leaf 毛毛虫爬在叶子上
Repeats to thee thy mother's grief 重述你母亲的哀伤。
Kill not the moth nor butterfly, 劝君莫杀蝶与蛾,
For the Last Judgment draweth nigh 最后审判临君侧。
He who shall train the horse to war 谁人驯马战
Shall never pass the polar bar 极地永成憾。
The beggar's dog and widow's cat, 乞丐的狗,寡妇的猫
Feed them, and thou wilt grow fat 喂喂他们吧,你将孱弱变英豪
The gnat that sings his summer's song 蚊虫夏日歌
Poison gets from Slander's tongue 毒源诽谤舌。
The poison of the snake and newt 蝾螈蛇口毒
Is the sweat of Envy's foot 妒忌足底出。
The poison of the honey-bee 蜂蜜现毒药
Is the artist's jealousy 艺匠妒当勺。
The prince's robes and beggar's rags 王子的华袍,乞丐的破衫
Are toadstools on the miser's bags 都是守财奴的毒斑。
A truth that's told with bad intent 真相恶意讲
Beats all the lies you can invent 尤过千般谎。
It is right it should be so: 此番皆是真:
Man was made for joy and woe; 人为悲喜生;
And when this we rightly know 会当悟此门
Through the world we safely go 天涯过无痕。
Joy and woe are woven fine, 悲喜巧交集,
A clothing for the soul divine 灵魂披圣衣。
Under every grief and pine 哀伤悲痛里
Runs a joy with silken twine 喜乐丝丝系。
The babe is more than swaddling bands, 莫当孩提襁褓带,
Throughout all these human lands; 此地此民无例外;
Tools were made and born were hands, 万器唯有手主宰,
Every farmer understands 一农一户皆明白。
Every tear from every eye 眸中滴滴泪
Becomes a babe in eternity; 经久成宝贝;
This is caught by females bright 智女得领会
And returned to its own delight 快乐返相随。
The bleat, the bark, bellow, and roar 咩叫,吠叫,吼叫,和咆哮
Are waves that beat on heaven's shore 都是拍打天堂彼岸的浪涛。
The babe that weeps the rod beneath 棍棒下抽泣的婴孩
Writes Revenge! in realms of death 书写报复吧!在那死亡的地带。
The beggar's rags fluttering in air 乞丐的破衫随风飘展
Does to rags the heavens tear 勾荡起花花天堂撕碎的灿烂。
The soldier armed with sword and gun 战士配刀枪
Palsied strikes the summer's sun 颤栗袭夏阳。
The poor man's farthing is worth more 穷人手中币
Than all the gold on Afric's shore 洲金比不及。
One mite wrung from the labourer's hands 劳者手中取一厘
Shall buy and sell the miser's lands, 足可买卖吝者地。
Or if protected from on high 若得上天加庇护
Does that whole nation sell and buy 买卖全国绝非虚。
He who mocks the infant's faith 谁人嘲弄幼之诚
Shall be mocked in age and death 老死皆被嘲缠身。
He who shall teach the child to doubt 谁人唆教童置疑
The rotting grave shall ne'er get out 腐墓埋困永难离。
He who respects the infant's faith 谁人尊重幼之诚
Triumphs over hell and death 阴曹地府亦常胜。
The child's toys and the old man's reasons 孩童的玩具,老人的说辞
Are the fruits of the two seasons 是他们这两季的果实。
The questioner who sits so sly 问者诡异坐
Shall never know how to reply 其己永无措。
He who replies to words of doubt 谁人回复疑之嚷
Doth put the light of knowledge out 实则湮灭真之光。
The strongest poison ever known 迄今最毒药
Came from Caesar's laurel crown 凯撒桂冠找。
Nought can deform the human race 无能变人心
Like to the armour's iron brace 似胄铁支形。
When gold and gems adorn the plough 金玉饰犁耙
To peaceful arts shall Envy bow 平庸成无价。
A riddle or the cricket's cry 谜呼蛐蛐叫
Is to doubt a fit reply 皆因疑所好。
The emmet's inch and eagle's mile 蚁之寸,鹰之里
Make lame philosophy to smile 哲理虽跛笑此彼。
He who doubts from what he sees 人旦疑所见
Will ne'er believe, do what you please 虽求亦有嫌。
If the sun and moon should doubt, 日月若有疑,
They'd immediately go out 立散了无息。
To be in a passion you good may do, 激情塑美好,
But no good if a passion is in you 情激酿糟糕。
The whore and gambler, by the state 娼赌州许之,
Licensed, build that nation's fate 国运行于此。
The harlot's cry from street to street 逐街皆闻妓女哭
Shall weave old England's winding sheet 英伦尸布怨织出。
The winner's shout, the loser's curse, 胜者呼,败者哭
Dance before dead England's hearse 英伦棺木台前舞
Every night and every morn 每一晚,每一晨
Some to misery are born 注定有人负苦闷
Every morn and every night 每一晨,每一晚
Some are born to sweet delight 注定有人享甜欢。
Some are born to sweet delight, 注定有人享甜欢,
Some are born to endless night 注定有人熬到晚。
We are led to believe a lie 谎言千变引人怜
When we see not through the eye 时逢万象眼未见
Which was born in a night to perish in a night, 一夜兴起一夜变,
When the soul slept in beams of light 且逢灵魂光下眠。
God appears, and God is light 上帝是光把灵现
To those poor souls who dwell in night, 指引夜魂揽青天
But does a human form display 上帝化人行世间
To those who dwell in realms of day 遍撒光明爱无边
又是一年春来到,千花百卉争明媚,拂提杨柳醉春烟,让人不禁想要吟诗一首。特此整理了一系列和春天有关的诗歌,还有英语翻译,不仅还原了诗中意境,还有英文的押韵,一起看看吧。
第一首《春晓》孟浩然
Spring Morning
春眠不觉晓,处处闻啼鸟。
This spring morning in bed I'm lying,Not to awake till the birds are crying
夜来风雨声,花落知多少。
诗词赏析
《春晓》这首小诗,初读似觉平淡无奇,反复读之,便觉诗中别有天地。它的艺术魅力不在于华丽的辞藻,不在于奇绝的艺术手法,而在于它的韵味。整首诗的风格就像行云流水一样平易自然,然而悠远深厚,独臻妙境。千百年来,人们传诵它,探讨它,仿佛在这短短的四行诗里,蕴涵着开掘不完的艺术宝藏。
自然而无韵致,则流于浅薄;若无起伏,便失之平直。《春晓》既有悠美的韵致,行文又起伏跌宕,所以诗味醇永。诗人要表现他喜爱春天的感情,却又不说尽,不说透,“迎风户半开”,让读者去捉摸、去猜想,处处表现得隐秀曲折。
“情在词外曰隐,状溢目前曰秀。”(张戒《岁寒堂诗话》引)写情,诗人选取了清晨睡起时刹那间的感情片段进行描写。这片段,正是诗人思想活动的启始阶段、萌芽阶段,是能够让人想象他感情发展的最富于生发性的顷刻。诗人抓住了这一刹那,却又并不铺展开去,他只是向读者透露出他的心迹,把读者引向他感情的轨道,就撒手不管了,剩下的,该由读者沿着诗人思维的方向去丰富和补充了。写景,他又只选取了春天的一个侧面。春天,有迷人的色彩,有醉人的芬芳,诗人都不去写。他只是从听觉角度着笔,写春之声:那处处啼鸟,那潇潇风雨。鸟声婉转,悦耳动听,是美的。加上“处处”二字,啁啾起落,远近应和,就更使人有置身山阴道上,应接不暇之感。
春风春雨,纷纷洒洒,但在静谧的春夜,这沙沙声响却也让人想见那如烟似梦般的凄迷意境,和微雨后的众卉新姿。只用淡淡的几笔,就写出了晴方好、雨亦奇的繁盛春意。这些都只是诗人在室内的耳闻,然而这阵阵春声却逗露了无边春色,把读者引向屋外广阔的大自然,使读者自己去想象屋外,去体味那莺啭花香的烂熳春光,那盎然的春意,自是阻挡不住的,你看,它不是冲破了围墙屋壁,展现在你的眼前、萦回在你的耳际了吗?这是用春声来渲染户外春意闹的美好景象。这些景物是活泼跳跃的,生机勃勃的。它写出了诗人的感受,表现了诗人内心的喜悦和对大自然的热爱。
第二首《大林寺桃花》白居易
Peach Blossoms in the Temple of Great Forest
人间四月芳菲尽,山寺桃花始盛开。
All flowers in late spring have fallen far and wide,But peach blossoms are full-blown on this mountainside
长恨春归无觅处,不知转入此中来。
I oft regret spring's gone without leaving its trace;I do not know it's come up to adorn this place
重点词汇
full-blown adj具所有特征的;成熟的
oft adv [旧] 时常
adorn v 装饰;装扮
诗词赏析
此诗是一首广为传诵的名作。在写景之中,寄寓着深邃的禅意。
“人间四月芳菲尽,山寺桃花始盛开。”诗人登山时已是孟夏,正是大地春归,芳菲落尽的时候。但这高山古寺之中,因为山高地深,与平地物候自是不同。在大林寺,诗人遇上了意想不到的春景,一片桃花,正开始热烈地绽放。
“长恨春归无觅处,不知转入此中来。”看到眼前情景,诗人感慨良多。自己曾为春光的匆匆离去而惆怅万分,却不知无尽的春色,原来转移到了佛门!当这始所未料的艳丽春景映入眼帘时,使人感到多么的惊异和欣喜!
人间的芳菲,就是我们的名声、地位、金钱,转眼间就会凋零枯萎。世间的风光,风一吹就光了。而佛门的芳菲,却穿越时空,流光溢彩,亘古长新。这佛门的芳菲,就是充满了灵性的觉醒的生命。佛教流传迄今,已经两千五百多年。今天,全世界无数的人,依然在佛禅智慧的芳菲中,找到了心灵的陶冶与寄托。
作为一个禅人,读这首诗时,也充满着感动。我们每个人的生命,如同人间的芳菲,早晚会尘归尘,土归土。但是,如果我们的法身慧命能在弟子们的身上传承,佛门的光景就会亘古常新,以它永恒的风光,接引着芸芸众生。
第三首《春夜喜雨》节选杜甫
Happy Rain on a Spring Night (Excerpts)
好雨知时节,当春乃发生。
Good rain knows its time right;It will fall when comes spring
随风潜入夜,润物细无声。
With wind it steals in night;Mute, it moistens each thing
重点词汇
loom v赫然耸现;(尤指)令人惊恐地隐现;显得突出;逼近 n 织布机
saturated adj湿透;浸透;(溶液)饱和的;(颜色)深的;浓的
诗词赏析
诗一开头,杜甫就赞美春夜所下的雨是“好雨。”为什么是“好雨”因为在春季农作物非常需要雨水的滋润。农谚云:“春雨贵如油。”正反映了春雨的宝贵。由于成都地处“天府之国”的四川盆地,气候温和,雨量充足,一到春天虽然常常晚上下雨,但次日却又有明媚的阳光。这就正如诗人在另一首诗中所描绘的:“蜀天常夜雨,江槛已朝晴。”(《水槛遣心二首》)在正需要雨水之时,雨就降下来了,它是“知时节”的,所以“当春乃发生”。这种为万物生长所必须的“及时雨”,真是难得的好雨!这两句诗,是采取拟人化的手法进行描绘的。把无情作有情,把无知当有知,杜甫作诗常常如此。这里把春雨当作有知觉的,故它能根据需要,应时而降。诗中的“知”字和“乃”字,一呼一应,极为传神,诗人喜雨的心情跃然纸上。
接着,第三、四两句既描写了春雨的动态,又传出了它的润物之神。因为好雨下在夜里,故诗人着重是从“听觉”上去描绘雨景的。雨细而不能骤,随夜色而逐渐隐没。它悄悄而来,默默无声,不为人们所觉察,故称为“潜入夜”。这样不声不响地下的雨,当然是滋润万物的细雨。“细无声”,正好恰当地表现了它的可贵精神。这里的“潜”字和“细”字都用得准确、贴切,前者透露出风很微,后者说明了雨极小。这恰如仇兆鳌所说:“曰潜、曰细,写得脉脉绵绵,于造化发生之机,最为密切。”(《杜诗详注》卷十)
第五、六两句是进一步从“视觉”上描绘夜雨景色。“野径”指田野间的小路,是指地上;“云”是指天空。由于晚上正在下雨,所以浓云密布,群星潜藏,月色无光,天空和地上都是一团漆黑,正说明雨意正浓。而一片墨黑的世界里,唯有江边船上放射出一线光芒,并且显得格外明亮。这是一幅极其生动的雨中夜景图。诗人在这里所用的“俱”字和“独”字,都是为了突出这种景象。而在这种景象之中,也包含了诗人自己惊喜的感情。
最后两句是写雨后晓景。是第二天的事。天明雨霁,整个成都城都是耀眼的繁花,花朵沉甸甸地抬不起头来。令人目不暇接,心旷神怡。至此,诗人对喜雨的感情达到了高潮,于是“花重锦官城”的诗句冲口进发而出,真是“通体精妙,后半尤有神”。放王嗣奭说:“束语‘重’字妙,他人不能下。”(《杜臆》卷四)
这首诗描写细腻、动人。诗的情节从概括的叙述到形象的描绘,由耳闻到目睹,自当晚到次晨,结构谨严。用词讲究。颇为难写的夜雨景色,却写得十分耀眼突出,使人从字里行间。呼吸到一股令人喜悦的春天气息。这首诗题虽是《春夜喜雨》),但是全诗不露喜字,却又始终充满喜意。显然,诗人这种感情的产生绝不是出于一时的冲动,而有其现实基础。据史书记载,在他写作此诗的前一年,京畿一带就有严重灾荒,“米斗至七千钱,人相食”(《资治通鉴·唐纪》)。因此,杜甫一听到雨声,就感到无限喜悦,这喜悦恰好反映了诗人关心人民疾苦的崇高的思想感情。
第四首《忆江南》白居易
Dreaming of the Southern Shore
江南好,
Fair Southern shore,
风景旧曾谙。
With scenes I adore
日出江花红胜火,
At sunrise riverside flowers redder than fire,
春来江水绿如蓝。
In spring green waves grow as blue as sapphire,
能不忆江南?
Which I can't but admire
重点词汇
sapphire n 蓝宝石;宝蓝色;天蓝色
诗词赏析泛忆江南,兼包苏、杭,写春景。全词五句。一开口即赞颂“江南好!”正因为“好”,才不能不“忆”。“风景旧曾谙”一句,说明那江南风景之“好”不是听人说的,而是当年亲身感受到的、体验过的,因而在自己的审美意识里留下了难忘的记忆。既落实了“好”字,又点明了“忆”字。接下去,即用两句词写他“旧曾谙”的江南风景:“日出江花红胜火,春来江水绿如蓝。”“日出”“春来”,互文见义。春来百花盛开,已极红艳;红日普照,更红得耀眼。在这里,因同色相烘染而提高了色彩的明亮度。春江水绿,红艳艳的阳光洒满了江岸,更显得绿波粼粼。作者把“花”和“日”联系起来,为的是同色烘染;又把“花”和“江”联系起来,为的是异色相映衬。江花红,江水绿,二者互为背景。于是红者更红,“红胜火”;绿者更绿,“绿如蓝”。
杜甫写景,善于着色。在明媚的春光里,从初日、江花、江水、火焰、蓝叶那里吸取颜料,兼用烘染、映衬手法而交替综错,又济之以贴切的比喻,从而构成了阔大的图景。不仅色彩绚丽,耀人眼目;而且层次丰富,耐人联想。题中的“忆”字和词中的“旧曾谙(ān)”三字还说明了此词还有一个更重要的层次:以北方春景映衬江南春景。
全词以追忆的情怀,写“旧曾谙”的江南春景。而此时,作者却在洛阳。比起江南来,洛阳的春天来得晚。在江南“日出江花红胜火”的季节,洛阳却“花寒懒发”,只有魏王堤上的柳丝,才透出一点儿春意。花发得比江南晚,水也有区别。洛阳有洛水、伊水,离黄河也不远。但即使春天已经来临,这些水也不可能像江南春水那样碧绿。因此作者竭力追忆江南春景,从内心深处赞叹“江南好”,而在用生花妙笔写出他“旧曾谙”的江南好景之后,又不禁以“能不忆江南”的眷恋之情,收束全词。这个收束既托出身在洛阳的作者对江南春色的无限赞叹与怀念,又造成一种悠远而又深长的韵味。
第五首《江南春》杜牧
Spring on the Southern Rivershore
千里莺啼绿映红,水村山郭酒旗风。
Orioles sing for miles amid red blooms and green trees;By hills and rills wine shop streamers wave in the breeze
南朝四百八十寺,多少楼台烟雨中。
Four hundred eighty splendid temples still remain;Of Southern Dynasties in the mist and rain
诗词赏析
首句“千里莺啼绿映红”。诗一开头,诗人放开视野,由眼前春景而想象到整个江南大地。千里江南,到处莺歌燕舞,桃红柳绿,一派春意盎然的景象。
第二句“水村山郭酒旗风”。“山郭”山城。指修建在山麓的城池。“酒旗”指古代酒店外面挂的幌子。这一句的意思是说,在临水的村庄,依山的城郭,到处都有迎风招展的酒旗。
第三句“南朝四百八十寺”,“南朝”指东晋以后隋代以前的宋、齐、梁、陈四个朝代,都建都于建康(今江苏南京),史称南朝。“四百八十寺”是形容佛寺很多。
第四句“多少楼台烟雨中”。“烟雨”即如烟般的蒙蒙细雨。这句的意思就是说无数的楼台全笼罩在风烟云雨中。这里,诗人不用“寺”,而又改换成了“楼台”,这不仅是为了避免用词重复,更主要的是适应“烟雨”这样的环境。
杜牧特别擅长于在寥寥四句二十八字中,描绘一幅幅绚丽动人的图画,呈现一种深邃幽美的意境,表达一缕缕含蓄深蕴的情思,给人以美的享受和思的启迪。《江南春》反映了中国诗歌与绘画中的审美是超越时空的、淡泊洒脱的、有着儒释道与禅宗“顿悟”的思想,而它们所表现的多为思旧怀远、归隐、写意的诗情。
To The Sea
Alexander Pushkin
Farewell to you, unharnessed Ocean!
No longer will you roll at me
Your azure swells in endless motion
Or gleam in tranquil majesty
A comrade's broken words on leaving,
His hail of parting at the door:
Your chant of luring, chant of grieving
Will murmur in my ears no more
Oh, homeland of my spirit's choosing!
How often on your banks at large
I wandered mute and dimly musing,
Fraught with a sacred, troubling charge!
How I would love your deep resounding,
The primal chasm's muffled voice,
How in your vesper calm rejoice,
And in your sudden, reckless bounding!
The fisher's lowly canvas slips,
By your capricious favor sheltered,
Undaunted down your breakers' lips:
Yet by your titan romps have weltered
And foundered droves of masted ships
Alas, Fate thwarted me from weighing
My anchor off the cloddish shore,
Exultantly your realm surveying,
And by your drifting ridges laying
My poet's course forevermore
You waited, called I was in irons,
And vainly did my soul rebel,
Becalmed in those uncouth environs
By passion's overpowering spell
Yet why this sorrow Toward what fastness
Would now my carefree sails be spread
To one lone goal in all your vastness
My spirit might have gladly sped
One lonely cliff, the tomb of glory
There chilling slumber fell upon
The ghost of mankind's proudest story:
There breathed his last Napoleon
There rest for suffering he bartered;
And, gale-borne in his wake, there streams
Another kingly spirit martyred,
Another regent of our dreams
He passed, and left to Freedom mourning,
His laurels to Eternity
Arise, roar out in stormy warning:
He was your own true bard, oh Sea!
His soul was by your spirit haunted,
In your own image was he framed:
Like you immense, profound, undaunted,
Like you nocturnal untamed
Bereft the world where by your power,
Oh Sea would you now carry me
Life offers everywhere one dower:
On any glint of bliss there glower
Enlightenment or tyranny
Farewell then, Sea! Henceforth in wonder
Your regal grace will I rever;
Long will your muffled twilit thunder
Reverberate within my ear
To woods and silent wildernesses
Will I translate your potent spells,
Your cliffs, your coves, your shining tresses,
Your shadows and your murmurous swells
致大海
普希金
再见吧,自由奔放的大海!
这是你最后一次在我的眼前,
翻滚着蔚蓝色的波浪,
和闪耀着娇美的容光。
好象是朋友忧郁的怨诉,
好象是他在临别时的呼唤,
我最后一次在倾听
你悲哀的喧响,你召唤的喧响。
你是我心灵的愿望之所在呀!
我时常沿着你的岸旁,
一个人静悄悄地,茫然地徘徊,
还因为那个隐秘地愿望而苦恼心伤!
我多么热爱你的回音,
热爱你阴沉的声调,你的深渊的音响,
还有那黄昏时分的寂静,
和那反复无常的激情!
渔夫们的温顺的风帆,
靠了你的任性的保护,
在波涛之间勇敢地飞航;
但当你汹涌起来而无法控制时,
大群地船只就会覆亡。
我曾想永远地离开
你这寂寞和静止不动地海岸,
怀着狂欢之情祝贺你,
并任我的诗歌顺着你的波涛奔向远方,
但是我却未能如愿以偿!
你等待着,你召唤着……而我却被束缚住;
我的心灵的挣扎完全归于枉然:
我被一种强烈的热情所魅惑,
使我留在你的岸旁……
有什么好怜惜呢?现在哪儿
才是我要奔向的无忧无绿虑的路径?
在你的荒漠之中,有一样东西
它曾使我的心灵为之震惊。
那是一处峭岩,一座光荣的坟墓……
在那儿,沉浸在寒冷的睡梦中的,
是一些威严的回忆;
拿破仑就在那儿消亡。
在那儿,他长眠在苦难之中。
而紧跟他之后,正像风暴的喧响一样,
另一个天才,又飞离我们而去,
他是我们思想上的另一个君主。
为自由之神所悲泣着的歌者消失了,
他把自己的桂冠留在世上。
阴恶的天气喧腾起来吧,激荡起来吧:
哦,大海呀,是他曾经将你歌唱。
你的形象反映在他的身上,
他是用你的精神塑造成长:
正像你一样,他威严、深远而深沉,
他像你一样,什么都不能使他屈服投降。
世界空虚了,大海洋呀,
你现在要吧我带到什么地方?
人们的命运到处都是一样:
凡是有着幸福的地方,那儿早就有人在守卫:
或许是开明的贤者,或许是暴虐的君王。
哦,再见吧,大海!
我永不会忘记你庄严的容光,
我将长久地,长久地
倾听你在黄昏时分地轰响。
我整个心灵充满了你,
我要把你地峭岩,你地海湾,
你的闪光,你的阴影,还有絮语的波浪,
带进森林,带到那静寂的荒漠之乡。
海华沙之歌(1)
The song of Hiawatha/海华沙之歌
By Henry W Longfellow (1807-1882)
尽管有人说此诗的素材“主要来源于斯库尔克拉夫特的著作,作者缺乏直接的生活体验;诗的韵律完全模仿芬兰史诗《卡勒瓦拉》”[1],但是没有人能怀疑这是一部气势磅礴、情感跌宕,有时也颇具幽默的史诗,当然,比起荷马的《伊利亚特》,无论在篇幅,还是细节描写,尚不足与之并提,整个诗篇浪漫气息有余,但“中气”稍逊一筹,“爱伦·坡和惠特曼两个人都有保留地说过,朗费罗有丰富的才能,可是他的诗没有韵味,因为诗中的含意已由辞汇和韵律囊括尽了”[3]。
但它仍是不失为一部伟大史诗,这部关于北美印第安人民族英雄的史诗,甚至影响了近代捷克作曲家德沃夏克(Antonin Dvorak 1841-1904),在他的《e小调第九交响曲》中,人们可以听到人类灵魂的共同回响,那就是对故乡的思恋和愁绪[2]。
故乡,不只是人类微贱之躯的栖息之所,它还是人类的精神家园。当海华沙带着族人,迎接白人(paleface)上岸,嘱咐族人要善待这些远道而来的客人,或许他已经预感到他的族人日后的命运。所以在他经历过他的朋友——音乐家Chibiabos与大力神Kwasind的死亡,经历“饥饿”的灾难和明尼哈(Minnehaha)——他的妻子的离世,到看到白人踏上他们的土地,直至最后的告别离去(消失、死亡),实践了他父亲对他的预言,到了那西方风域,成为西北风——吹向故乡的风。
朗费罗与霍桑(Nathaniel Hawthorne,1804 )是同班同学,在美国文学史上皆是属一属二的人物,朗费罗的诗歌在1990年代以前,在国内也是颇受推崇的,但近年来似乎已声息俱微。这里做一个并不对称的比较,朗费罗的诗与霍桑的小说进行比较,尽管两人的文学的浪漫主义色彩浓厚,但是霍桑的文字,显得更为清新幽深,意境深邃,比如红字(the Scarlet Letter,1850)以及The house of the seven gables。在这一点上,仅就朗费朗的海华沙之歌而言是无法企及的,这也大概就是爱伦·坡(Edgar Alan Po,)所说的为什么他的诗没有韵味的所在,这是否与朗费罗后来受到法国自然主义作家左拉(Emily Zora)的影响,还无从考究。
但《海华沙之歌》的开头和结尾的几章是近乎完美的,至少结构上是如此,是颇具古希腊悲剧色彩的,比如海华沙父亲神谕般的预言,到最近他无可逃避的死亡的命运,这是近乎古希腊悲剧人物的共同特点。
在读过海华沙之歌之后,再读郭沫若的《女神》,似乎又再多一比较的角度,《女神》在中国现代文学史上备受推崇,但读后感觉,他的时代意义大于其文学意义,其波澜壮阔的战士情怀,已淹没了文学情绪,特别要注意的是,《女神》写于1920年代,在那个时代的文学,无论是徐志摩的诗,林语堂的小品文,还是胡适的冷静政论或鲁迅的尖锐小说,在这样的氛围之中,《女神》确实具有一种别样的气息——凌风而至,逆风飞扬的精神气质,或许只有梁启超的《少年中国论》才具有的一种情怀和气息。
In all ages
Every Human heart is human
朗费罗曾经写过这样的诗句,这是诗人创作时应具有的情怀,而读者阅读时亦应具有同样的sympathy
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