怒发冲冠nù fà chōng guān
解释
指愤怒得头发直竖,顶着帽子。形容极端愤怒。
典故
“怒发冲冠”这则成语的冠是帽子。愤怒得头发直竖,顶起帽子。比喻极度愤怒。这个成语来源于《史记廉颇蔺相如列传》,王授璧,相如因持璧却立,倚柱,怒发上冲冠
赵惠文王得到一块稀世的璧玉。这块璧是春秋时楚人卞和发现的,所以称为和氏璧。不料,这件事被秦昭王知道了,便企图仗势把和氏璧据为己有。于是他假意写信给赵王,表示愿用15座城来换这块璧。
赵王怕秦王有诈,不想把和氏璧送去,但又怕他派兵来犯。同大臣们商量了半天,也没有个结果。再说,也找不到一个能随机应变的使者,到秦国去交涉这件事。 正在这时,有人向赵王推荐了蔺相如,说他有勇有谋,可以出使。赵王立即召见,并首先问他是否可以同意秦王要求,用和氏璧交换15座城池。蔺相如说:“秦国强,我们赵国弱,这件事不能不答应。”
“秦王得到了和氏璧,却又不肯把15座城给我,那怎么办?”
“秦王已经许了愿,如赵国不答应,就理亏了;而赵国如果把璧送给秦王,他却不肯交城,那就是秦王无理。两方面比较一下,宁可答应秦王的要求,让他承担不讲道理的责任。”
就这样,蔺相如带了和氏璧出使秦国。秦王得知他来后,没有按照正式的礼仪在朝廷上接见他,而是非常傲慢地在三个临时居住的宫室里召见蔺相如。他接过璧后,非常高兴,看了又看,又递给左右大臣和姬妾们传看。 蔺相如见秦王如此轻蔑无礼,早已非常愤怒,这时又见他只管传看和氏璧,根本没有交付城池的意思,便上前道:“这璧上还有点小的毛病,请让我指给大王看。”
蔺相如把璧拿到手后,马上退后几步,靠近柱子站住。他极度愤怒,头发直竖,顶起帽子,激昂地说:“赵王和大臣们商量后,都认为秦国贪得无厌,想用空话骗取和氏璧,因而本不打算把璧送给秦国;听了我的意见,斋戒了五天,才派我送来。今天我到这里,大王没有在朝廷上接见我,拿到璧后竟又递给姬妾们传观,当面戏弄我,所以我把璧取了回来。大王如要威逼我,我情愿把自己的头与璧一起在柱子上撞个粉碎!” 在这种情况下,秦王只得道歉,并答应斋戒五天后受璧。但蔺相如预料秦王不会交城,私下让人把璧送归赵国。秦王得知后,无可奈何,只好按照礼仪送蔺相如回国。
1、原文
古希腊的一天,海尔罗国王请一位制作皇冠的人给他制作一顶金皇冠。起初,他对皇冠感到非常高兴。
“这是一个很漂亮的皇冠,不是吗?”他问仆人。然而后来他开始怀疑皇冠是否是一顶真的金皇冠。“这真是纯金的吗?”他纳闷着。他把皇冠送到了阿基米德那里,叫他搞清楚真相。
“这个问题似乎很难解决。我该怎么办?”阿基米德想。
当阿基米德往浴池里倒水的时候他仍然思考着这个难题。当他进入浴池时,一些水溢了出来。
“就是如此”阿基米德喊道,“我知道如何解决国外的难题了!”
阿基米德直接去到了宫殿觐见国王。首先,他称了皇冠,然后像国王要了同等重量的金子。
接着,他放了两个罐子到两个大碗里,然后把罐子注满了水。他把金子放入其中一个罐,一些水跑到了碗里。然后他把皇冠放入另一个罐。这一次,更多的水跑到了碗里。
“快看”阿基米德对国王说道。“一个完全由金子制作的皇冠比一个由金子和其他金属制作的皇冠要取代更少的水。这顶皇冠比同等质量的金子取代更多的水,所以我确定这不是纯金的。
“金匠骗了我,对不对?这个大坏人!”海尔罗国王喊道。然后他把金匠投入了监狱。
2、翻译
One day in ancient Greece, King Hal drew a crowned man to make a gold crown for him At first, he was very pleased with the crown
"This is a beautiful crown, isn't it" He asked the servant Later, however, he began to doubt whether the crown was a real golden crown "Is this pure gold" He wondered He sent the crown to Archimedes to tell him the truth
"It seems difficult to solve this problem What should I do " Archimedes thought
When Archimedes poured water into the bathtub, he was still thinking about the problem When he entered the bathing pool, some of the water overflowed
"So," cried Archimedes "I know how to solve the difficult problems abroad"
Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king First, he called the crown, and then the king asked for the same weight of gold
Then he put two cans into two large bowls and filled the pot with water He put gold in one of the cans, and some of the water ran into the bowl Then he put the crown in another pot This time, more water ran into the bowl
"Look at it," Archimedes said to the king "A crown made entirely of gold replaces less water than a crown made of gold and other metals This crown takes up more water than the same quality gold, so I'm sure it's not pure gold
"The goldsmith deceived me, didn't he This great villain! " Cried king of the sea Then he put the goldsmith in prison
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