英语的问题

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。

顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语

主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。

Helikeswatch'ingTV他喜欢看电视。

2、谓语

谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。

一般可分为两类：

1)，简单谓语

由动词(或短语动词)构成。

可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。

Westud'yforthepeo'ple我们为人民学习。

2)，复合谓语：情态动词＋不定式

Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish我可以说一点英语。

3、表语

表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。

Mysis'terisanurse我姐姐是护士。

4、宾语

宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。

WelikeEng'lish我们喜欢英语。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。

Hegavemesom'eink他给了我一点墨水。

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：

Wemakehimourmon'itor我们选他当班长。

5、定语

在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。

Heisanewstu'dent他是个新生。

但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。

Thebikeintheroomismine房间里的自行车是我的。

6、状语

修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。

英语基本句式小结

英语中的句式有很多种，从英语的句子结构上说，总体可以归纳为五个基本句式。一般地说，某些动词用在某一特定句式中。那么，哪些动词常用于哪些句式，我们把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类，每一大类都分出详细的条目，同学们可以在理解记忆各大类的基础上记忆相关动词，并继续归纳总结。

1S（主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓）

1）S + V + adverbial（状语）

Birds sing beautifully

2）S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）

He went on holiday

3）S + Vi+ Infinitive （不定式）

We stopped to have a rest

4）S + Vi+ Participle （分词）

I’ll go swimming

2 S （主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）

1） S + VT + N/Pron

I like music

2） S + VT + infinitive（不定式）

I want to help him

常用于这句型的动词有：attempt，dare，decide，desire，expect，hope，learn，need，offer，refuse，want，wish等。

3） S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive

I don’t know what to do

常用于这句型的动词有：ask，consider，decide，discover，explain，find

out，forget，guess，know，learn，observe，remember，see，settle，tell，think，understand，wonder等。

4） S + VT + Gerund

I enjoy living here

常用于这句型的动词有：admit，advise，avoid，consider，defend，enjoy，excuse，finish，mind，miss，practise，risk，suggest，give

up，can't help等。

5） S + VT + That-clause

I don’t think （that） he is right

常用于这句型的动词有：Admit，believe，declare，demand，deny，doubt，expect，explain，feel（觉得），hear（听说），hope，imagine，intend，know，mean，mind（当心），notice，request，report，say，see（看出），show，suggest，suppose，think，understand，wish，wonder（觉得奇怪）。

3 S （主）+ V（谓）（lv）（ 系动词）+ P（表）

1）S + Lv + N/Pron（名词/代词）

He is a boy

2）S + Lv + Adj（形容词）

She is beautiful

3）S + Lv + Adv （副词）

Class is over

4）S + Lv + Prep Phrase

He is in good health

5）S + Lv + Participle（分词）

The film is interesting

除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词：

表感官的动词，feel，smell，taste，sound，look，appear，seem

等。表转变变化的动词，become，get，grow，turn，go，等。表延续的动词

remain，keep，seem，hold，stay，rest等。表瞬时的动词

come，fall，set，cut，occur等。其他动词

eat，lie，prove，ring，run，shine，sit，stand，continue，hang等。

英语的基本句型主要有五种，它们是：

1、主语———动词———表语

2、主语———动词

3、主语———动词———宾语

4、主语———动词———宾语———宾语

5、主语———动词———宾语———补语

掌握好这些基本句型，就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。下面分别讲解这五种句型。

一、主语---动词----表语

在这一句型中，动词是系动词，划线部分为表语。

1MrBrown is an engineer(名词做表语)

2Gradualy he became silent(形容词做表语)

3She remained standing for a hour(现在分词做表语)

4The question remained unsolved(过去分词做表语)

5The machine is out of order(介词短语做表语)

6The television was on(副词做表语)

7His plan is to keep the affair secret(动词不定式做表语)

8My job is repairing cars(动名词做表语)

9The question is what you want to do(从句做表语，即：表语从句)

注意：在下面的句子中，形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。

I'm happy to meet you

They are willing to help

We are determined to follow his example

二、主语———动词

在这一句型中，动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中，不及物动词可以有状语修饰。

1The sun is rising

2I'll try

3Did you sleep well？(well做状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)

4The engine broke down

注意：在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特性，不用被动语态。

1The book sells wel

2The window won't shut

3The pen writes smoothly

4Cheese cuts easily

三、主语———动词———宾语

在此句型中，动词为及物动词，划线部分为宾语。

1Do you know these people(them)？(名词或代词做宾语)

2I can't express myself in English(反身代词做宾语)

3He smiled a strange smile(同源宾语)

4We can't afford to pay such a price(不定式做宾语)

5Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词做宾语)

6I hope that I have said nothing to pain you(从句做宾语，即：宾语从句)

注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，所以，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法。

四、主语———动词———宾语———宾语

在此句型中，动词可以称作双宾语动词，在英语中，这样的动词并不多，在学习遇时，要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语，其中间接宾语在前，一般表人，直接宾语在后，一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。

第一种情况，间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。

1He handed me a letter

He handed a letter to me

2She gave me her telephone number

She gave her telephone number to me

第二种情况，间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。

3She sang us a folk song

She sang a folk for us

4She cooked us a delicious meal

She cooked a delicious meal for us

第三种情况，直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。

5Tell him I'm out

6Can you inform me where Miss Green lives？

五、主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语

在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词，在英语中，这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式，因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。

1He found his new job boring(形容词做宾补)

2The called their daughter Mary(名词做宾补)

3This placed her in a very difficult position(介词短语做宾补)

4We went to here house but found her out(副词做宾补)

5What do you advise me to do？(不定式做宾补)

6We thought him to be an honest man(tobe做宾补)

7He believed them to have discussed the problem(不定式的完成式做宾补)

8He believed her to be telling the truth(不定式的进行式做宾补)

9Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式做宾补)

10I saw her chatting with Nancy(现在分词做宾补)

11He watched the piano carried upstairs(过去分词做宾补)

注意：在这个结构中，可以出现用it做形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。

1He felt it his duty to mention this to her

分析：it是形式宾语，hisduty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。

2I think it best that you should stay with us

分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。

注意：

1习惯用语的使用

在英语中，有很多动词习惯用语，在学习的过程中，要注意它们的使用，不必分析单独每个词的使用。

例：

We are short of money(be short of中short做表语)

She is always making trouble for her friends(trouble做make的宾语)

He has carried out our instructions to the letter(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)

We are waiting for the rain to stop(wait for后面的the rain是宾语，to stop是宾语补足语)

2在英语中，大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词，而且还会有一些固定词组，因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。

例：ask

①Did you ask the price？(直接接名词做宾语)

②She asked them their names(接双宾语)

③I asked James to buy some bread(接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)

④I asked to speak to Fred(接不定式做宾语)

⑤Didn't you ask him in？(在此句中和副词in连用)

⑥He has asked for an interview with the President(组成固定词组ask for)

3There be句型是一种特殊的句子，真正的主语在后面，含义为“有…”

①谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room

②有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall

③主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing usThere were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do)

④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonightThere was little change in him

⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。

There used to be a cinema here

There seems to be something the matter with her

Is there going to be any activity tonight？

⑥there be句式变疑问句，把be提前；变翻译疑问句也要借助there。

Is there any hope of getting the job？

There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there？

⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物动词：

Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island

There came a knock at the door

At the top of the hill there stands an old temple

⑧用于非谓语的情况下，有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being：

You wouldn't want there to be another war(不定式的复合结构)

The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework(动名词的复合结构)

There being nothing else to do，we went home(独立主格结构)

原文：

我的梦想

人人都有梦想，有的想成为杨立伟一样的航天员，登上太空，自由自在地遨游，探索太空的奥秘；有的想当无所不能的工程师，设计建造出高科技的桥梁和摩天大厦；有的想当技术精湛的医生，攻克医学上的疑难杂症，让更多的人远离疾病的痛苦；还有的想当大红大紫的歌星，在世界各地展开歌喉，为大家唱出一首首优美的歌曲……我有一个光辉的梦想，那就是当一名象体育健儿刘翔一样的奥运冠军。

当我随着国家队，穿着印有五星红旗标志的运动服，夹在亚、非、拉、美短跑运动员中间，雄纠纠、气昂昂地跨上2012年的奥运赛场，满载着全国人民的殷切期望，当我像离弦的箭直奔终点，黄、白、棕、黑的世界奥运健儿都被我远远地甩在了身后。汗流满面的我更加充满了自信，握紧拳头暗暗给自己加油：“一定要超过他们！我一定能行！中国人一定能赢！”当庄严的五星红旗高高地飘在我的头顶，当雄壮的中华人民共和国国歌为我奏起，当光彩夺目的金牌被挂在我的脖子上，当清脆的橄榄枝编织的花环戴在我的头顶，望着美国选手和日本选手向我投来羡慕的目光，热泪盈满了我的双眼。我双手举着五星红旗围着赛场跑了一圈又一圈。全场为我欢呼，中国人民为我欢呼，全世界的华人为我欢呼！我赢了，中国人赢了！我终于为中国赢得了荣誉，在中国的金牌榜上又添了一块金牌！我高兴地蹦着跳着，队友们把我举起来在天空中抛着，抛着……

当奥运冠军的感觉真棒！我简直沉浸在我辉煌的梦想里了。但是，我知道这仅仅是一个梦想，要想实现这个梦想，必须付出巨大的努力，我今后一定要加强锻炼，积极参加学校组织的运动会、越野赛等一系列体育活动，好好学习，用知识武装自己的头脑，吃常人吃不了的苦，流常人流不了的汗，在意志、毅力上超过他人。从我做起，从现在做起，我想在不久的将来的奥运会上，我一定能够拿到一枚真正的金牌，实现我光辉而灿烂的梦想！

相信我吧，庄严的五星红旗一定会为我升起，雄壮的中华人民共和国国歌一定会为我奏响的！

翻译为

My dream

     Everyone has a dream, some want to become astronauts, like Yang, board space, free to travel and explore the mysteries of space; Some engineers want to be all-powerful, high-tech design and construction of bridges and the skyscrapers ; some wanted to be a skilled doctor, overcome medical diseases, so that more people suffering from the disease; Some singers want to be ubiquitous around the world to start singing voice, you singStandbeautiful song I have a glorious dream, that is, when a like athletes, like Olympic champion Liu Xiang

     When I was with the national team, wearing a five-star red flag bearing the logo sportswear, caught in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, the United States sprinters among manliness , full of dash to enter the Olympic Games in 2012, fully loaded with people across the country high expectations, like when I went straight to the end of the arrow OPEN MUSIC ， yellow, white, brown, black athletes in the world I have been left far behind I am extremel yperspire more full of self-confidence, their clenched fists to refuel himself: "They must be over! I can do it! Chinese people will certainly win!" When the solemn high floating five-star red flag in my head, when majestic People's Republic of China played the national anthem for me, when the glitter of the gold medal was hanging on my neck, when the crisp woven garland of olive branches to wear on my head, looked at American and Japanese players to come to me for the envy of eyes, tears filled my eyes I held his hands five-star red flag ran around the stadium and around a circle The audience cheered for me, I cheered for the Chinese people, Chinese people all over the world cheering for me! I won, won the Chinese people! I finally won the honor for the Chinese in China, added the gold medal standings with a gold medal! I am pleased to jump forward to go through, his teammates were up to me throwing in the sky, and behind the

     When the Olympic champion feeling great! I was immersed in my dreams in a brilliant However, I know that this is only a dream, to realize this dream, we must pay a great deal of effort, I will have to strengthen the training, and actively participate in school sports, cross-country series of sports activities, to learn, armed with the knowledge their own minds, people could eat the hard food, stream flow can not be ordinary Khan, in the will, perseverance more than others I start from, start from now on, I would like to in the near future of the Olympic Games, I will certainly be able to get a true gold, to achieve my dream of the glorious and brilliant!

    Trust me, the solemn five-star red flag will be raised for me, the grand national anthem of the People's Republic of China will be played for me in!

编辑/Lily

当你看到一个新字或是觉得眼熟却想不起它的意思时。查字典之前，你可以1由句子结构来判断它的词性，2由前后文来猜测字的意思。当你花越多功夫在这个字上，就越容易记得它。今天Engvid的讲师Emma要用这两种方式，教我们学习Load的9种用法。

1 loaded 富有的

Bill Gates is loaded He has so much money

2 loaded 喝醉的

She’s loaded She had ten beers

3 a load of crap/ a load of rubbish 狗屁不通

Mark said Michael Jakson lives in his basement What a load of crap/ a load of rubbish Mark 说 Michael Jakson 住在他家地下室，当你觉得对方在说谎你就可以说 a load of crap/ a load of rubbish a load of crap是美式用法； a load of rubbish是英式用法，两者都不适用于正式场合。

4 a shitload= a lot of

I have a shitload of homework Too bad!

5 loads of= a lot of

I have loads of food in my place Come over! 与a shitload意思相同，两者都不适用于正式场合，但a shitload 较不礼貌只能与朋友对话时使用，loads of 较礼貌可以对家人使用。

6 freeload/ freeloader 白吃白喝/ 揩油的人

He freeloads/He never buys the bear, but drinks ours He is a freeloader Freeload是动词，描述 自己不花钱却占别人便宜take advantage的动作。Freeload加上er, freeloader指的是做这种事的人

7 a load off my chest/ mind 如释重负

The project is done It’s a load of my mind

8loaded

The gun is loaded/ I loded the gun

第一个loaded是形容词，形容枪装有子弹。第二个是把子弹放入枪的动作。

9 load 装货

I loaded the truck It’s full

 

a load of crap, a load of crap 中文, a load of rubbish, a load of rubbish 中文, a load off my chest, a load off my chest 中文, a load off my mind, a load off my mind 中文, a lot of, a shitload, a shitload 中文, a shitload 意思, freeload, freeload 中文, freeloader, freeloader 中文, load 中文, load 意思, load 片语, loaded, loaded 中文, loads of, loads of 中文, 如释重负 英文, 如释重负 英文怎么说

1 last weekend I had a busy day with my friend I got up early in the morning,then I wash face and brush teeth,after this ,I had a good breakefast with my parents

it's really a cool weather and it's a good chance to go out ,so I went out with my best friend,we all wanted to have a lot of fun ,beacause of this,we went to the museum by bus ,my friend took a camera ,and I took some money when we got to the museum,we all felt very surprise ,because we saw many things that we had never seen before,like dinosaur skeletons and some other wonderful things,we were all very happy to have fun here ,we took a lot of pictures which were very beautiful ,after several hours ,we felt tired ,so we all get back home by bus

it was really a busy journey ,I will not forget the weekend foever !

2 In the weekeng ,I had a lot of things to doFirst,I finished my homework as quickly as I can,then I helped my mother to do some housework,for example,cleaned the floor,washed some clothesAnd my mother was very happy about meIn the evening,our family watched TV together in the sitting room! We had enjoyed ourselves!

3 My busy weekend

I had a very busy weekend today In the morning, I got up at 7:00 and went to the park with my my friend We visited the zoo in the park and there were a lot of lovely animals At 12:00, my friend and I went to KFC and had our lunch there In the afternoon, we went to the cinema and saw a very exciting movie In the evening, I did my homework and read an English book At 10:00, I went to bed