虚拟语气的各种用法

1、与现在事实相反：若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。

2、与过去事实相反：若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。

3、与将来事实相反：若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。

扩展资料：

虚拟语气的应用条件：

在表示假想的虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。主要是英语语法的一种表达。

条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的甚至完全不可能发生的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

-虚拟语气

虚拟语气．

wish这个词加宾语从句，通常用虚拟语气．有三种情况．

1．现在的愿望，从句用过去时，如你的例子．

2．过去的愿望，从句用过去完成时，通常是与过去相反的假设．比如

i wish i had seen you yesterday实际上你没看见

3．将来的愿望，从句用would/could/should/might加动词原形．

虚拟语气常在表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时。 在条件句中的应用：条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。虚拟语气在什么情况下用虚拟语气 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时，用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气常在表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时。 在条件句中的应用：条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。虚拟语气在什么情况下用虚拟语气 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时，用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。

[编辑本段]虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法

1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句

eg If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气） If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） If I were you, I would go at once如果我是你，我马上就会去。 （非真实条件状语从句） If there were no air, people would die 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句） 2、在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： if+主语+did/be(were)+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例： 1If I were you, I would take an umbrella如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4If I had any money with me, I could lend you some 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5If he studied harder, he might pass the exam如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：学习不用功）

2、表示与过去事实相反的情况

if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例： 1 If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）

3、表示对将来情况的主观推测

（可能相反或可能性很小） if+主语+did/should/were to do+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例： 1If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小） 2If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪） 3If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，"should＋动词原形"构成，should 可省略。

[编辑本段]虚拟语气（Subjective Mood)的其他用法

①、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句

a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式 eg I wish I had your brains我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done(动词过去分词） eg:I wish I had known the truth of the matter我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道） c、表示将来难以实现的愿望 谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形 eg I wish I should have a chance again我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了） (注：if only和even if也有相同用法）

②虚拟语气用在

一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order command)四建议(advise suggest propose)五要求(demand require request desireinsist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。 如 He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice 注：insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。 如：He insist he is a student 他坚持说他是个学生。 这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。 suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。 如： His face suggests that he looks worried 他的表情暗含着他很担心。 这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。 ③表情绪观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气如:necessary important impossible natural strange surprising funny right wrong better a pity等。 句型：It isthat 结构后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型。

您谈的是虚拟语气吧：

1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：　从句：If 主语+过去时　主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do　eg：　　1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella　如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）

2、表示与过去事实相反的情况　从句：If 主语+had+done　主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done　　eg：　1． If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。　（事实：去晚了）

3、表示对将来情况的主观推测　从句：①if+主语+were to do 主句：①主语+should/would/could/might+do　②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do　　③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do　　eg：　1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him　如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）

4混合虚拟语气

1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：

If I were a boy, I would join the army

If the had time, she should go with you

（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如：

If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition

（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/

could might + 动词原形。如；

If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off

（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：

If they had worked hard, they would be very tired(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)

以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：

条件状语从句 主 句

与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词

与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形

与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形

有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如：

Were I a boy, I would join the army

Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded

Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain

2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句

（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。

①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：

I wish it were spring all the year round

I wish I had known the answer

I wish I could fly like a bird

②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：

She suggested we (should)leave here at once

The doctor ordered she should be operated

（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。

作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：

His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful

My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars

（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。

在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc)that we should clean the room every day

It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc)that you should be so careless

It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc)that she should finish her homework this afternoon

注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：

It is pity that you can’t swim

3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用

（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：

He did it as if he were an expert

Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem

（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。

这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。如：

It’s time that I picked up my daughter

It’s high time we were going

（3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如：

If only I were a bird

If only I had taken his advice

（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。

①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：

It would be better for you not to stay up too late

Would you be kind enough to close the door

②用于一些习惯表达法中。如：

Would you like a cup of tea

I would rather not tell you

、虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。

条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：

If I have time, I will go with them 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)

If I were you, I would go with them 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)

▲ 与现在事实相反

若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：

If I knew her number ，I could ring her up 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)

▲与过去事实相反

若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：

If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)

▲与将来事实相反

若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：

If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)

注：几点特别说明

① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：

If you tried again ，you would succeed 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果)

If you tried again， you might succeed 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能)

If you tried again ，you could succeed 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)

④ 对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用直陈语气或祈使语气：

If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。（祈使语气）

If I should see him, I’ll tell him 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。（直陈语气）

2、错综时间虚拟条件句

所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：

If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。

You would be much better now if you had taken my advice 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。

3、两个常考虚拟语气句型

▲ 句型介绍

这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型，也经常受到命题人的青睐，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”。如：

If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow 要是没有水植物就无法生长。

If it hadn’t been for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded

=But for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded

=Without your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded

5、wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气

▲ 用法说明

动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。如：

注：特别注意

从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与wish的时态无关，比较：

I wish I were rich 要是我现在有钱就好了。

I wish I had been rich 要是那时我有钱就好了。

I wished I were rich 当时我后悔自己没有钱。

I wished I had been rich 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。

6、if only后的句子用虚拟语气

if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：

If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。

If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。

If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!

注：if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。

7、as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气

▲ 基本用法

以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形：

He acts as if he knew me 他显得认识我似的。

They treat me as though I were a stranger 他们待我如陌生人。

He talks as if he had been abroad 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。

注：两点说明

(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：

It looks as if we’ll be late 我们似乎要迟到了。

(2) 注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译：

It isn’t as if he were poor 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。

8、It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气

▲ 基本用法

从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”：

It’s time we went [were going, should go] 我们该走了。

It’s time I was in bed 我该上床睡了。(不用were)

9、would rather后句子用虚拟语气

在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气， 表示”宁愿做什么” ，具体用法为：

▲ 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望

I’d rather you went tomorrow (now) 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。

▲ 用过去完成时表过去的愿望

I’d rather you hadn’t said it 我真希望你没有这样说过。

10、宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型

▲ I wish后的宾语从句

动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。如：

I wish I could be of some use 我希望我能有什么用处。

We wish he didn’t smoke 我们希望他不吸烟。

I wish prices would come down 我希望物价能降下来。

▲ 表示“坚持”后的宾语从句

主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

I insisted that he (should) stay 我坚持要他留下。

注：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较：

He insisted that I had read his letter 他坚持说我看过他的信。

He insisted that I should read his letter 他坚持要我看他的信。

▲ 表示“命令”后的宾语从句

主要是指order, command的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

He ordered that it (should) be sent back 他命令把它送回去。

▲ 表示“建议”后的宾语从句

主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

He suggested that we should leave early 他建议我们早点动身。

注：与动词insist相似，动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会：

He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner 他建议我们留下吃饭。

I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him 我觉得你与他心照不宣。

▲ 表示“要求”后的宾语从句

主要是指ask, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

I ask that he leave 我要求他走开。

He requires that I (should) appear 他要求我出场。

▲ 表示“提议”“投票”后的宾语从句

主要是指move, vote等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

I move that we accept the proposal 我提议通过这项提案。

▲ 表示“敦促”后的宾语从句

主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

He urged that they go to Europe 他敦促他们到欧洲去。

▲ 表示“安排”后的宾语从句

主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

He arranged that I should go abroad 他安排我去国外。

▲ 表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句

主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

She desires that he do it 她希望他做此事。

▲ 表示“指示”后的宾语从句

主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：

The general directed that the prisoners should be set free 将军指示释放那些俘虏。

11、主语从句中的虚拟语气

在It is necessary，important，strange，natural， advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc ；it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

▲ It’s important…类

这一类型主要包括It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that 句型。如：

It is impossible that he should go home 他不可能会回家去。

▲ It’s a pity…类

It is a pity that she should fare so badly 她竟吃得这么差，真可怜。

▲ It’s desired…类

这种主语从句还常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc ) that句型。如：

It is requested that a vote be taken 建议付诸表决。

12、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation ，suggestion， idea，plan，order等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：

Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go． 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。

13、 在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should＋动词原形, should 可以省略

She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。

为方便记忆，表格对比

使用虚拟语气的主要句型 谓语动词的虚拟形式 例句

表现在的虚拟条件句 从句：用动词过去（be 多用were ） 1 If I were you, I should study English

2 I would certainly go if I had time

主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形

表过去的虚拟条件句 从句：had + PP 1 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test

2 If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train

主句：would/should/could/might +have + PP

表将来的虚拟条件句 从句：①用动词过去②should +V原③（were +to do ） 1 If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off

2 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting

主句：would/should/could/might +have + PP

省略 if 的条件句 从句：用倒装形式，即把were,had等置于句首。(并只限were/ had)

主句：根据虚拟的情况采取与从句相应的形式。 1 Were I in school again(= If I were in school again, I would work harder)

2 Were it not for the rain, (不能说Weren’t it for the rain, ) I would go swimming

错综时间条件句（从句与主句所表示时间不一致） 根据从句与主句表示的不同时进行调整。 1If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now

2 If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things woud be going so smoothly

含蓄条件句（虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文之中，从句不表现出来）(常见有but for“要不是” without等) 根据句子表达的实际情况选用相应的虚拟条件句中的主句的动词形式 1Without air, there would be no living things

2I would have given you more help, but I was busy now

名词性从句中的虚拟语气

wish, “可惜……”“……就好了”，“悔不该……”“但愿……” wish后从句：与表各种时间的虚拟条件句中的从句动词形式基本相同。

具体：1，表与现在不能实现的愿望，从句用“过去时，be 用were”

2表与过去不能实现的愿望，从句用“had+PP 或 could/would +have +PP“

3 表与将来不能实现的愿望，从句用“could/would +动词原形”

1I wish I were a bird

2 I wish I had known the answer

would rather 后的宾语从句 would rather后从句：动词常用过去式 1 I would rather they came tomorrow

demand, insist,suggest, command, order, require, request, desire等一类动词后的宾语从句

（suggest表“暗示、隐含等”insist表“强调，力言等”不用虚拟语气。） 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省。 1 I suggest you (should)go at once

2 He suggested that he patient’s leg should be cut and this suggested that he was not good at the case(注意两个suggest的准确翻译)

“It is (was)+上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词（或important,natural,strange ,necessary等形容词）”后的主语从句 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省。 1 It ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 am

2 It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once

order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省。 His demand is that we (should )finish the work in 3 hours

特殊形式的虚拟语气

as if 引导的从句（表示非真实时）但表真实时，不用虚拟语气。 与虚拟语气条件中从句动词形式基本相同。 1Tom speaks as if he were a girl

2He looks as if he had been to Beijing

so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句 May/might/should +V原 I live so that others may live better

It is (the very/high)time that后的定语从句 从句谓语动词常用过去式，有时也可用should+动词原形 It is (high)time that we went (should go) to bed

It is time that I were leaving

省去主句的If only(要是……就好了)虚拟条件句 与wish后的宾语从句谓语形式相同。 If only I hadn’t lost the chance!

(= I wish I hadn’t lost the chance)

某些表祝愿的句子 常用原形或“May+动词原形” Long live world peace!

May you be happy1

表委婉客气的是常语句 情态动词的过去式+动词原形 Could I borrow your bike

Would you please give me a hand

虚拟语气的用法

虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：

一、与现在事实相反

连接词 条件从句 结果从句

If 1动词过去式(或were)

2助动词（过去式）+动词原形 Should

Would +动词原形

could

might

If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall

If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately

二与将来事实相反

连接词 条件从句 结果从句

If 1 should+动词原形

2 动词过去式

3、were to+动词原形 Should

Would +动词原形

could

might

If you should lose, what would you do

If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth

If you went there next time, you would see what I mean

三、与过去事实相反

连接词 条件从句 结果从句

If had+过去分词 Should

Would + have+过去分词

could

might

If I’d dnown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country

四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法

省掉if的条件从句结构：

Had you asked me, I would have told you (=If you had asked me,…)

2有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：

A true friend would not do such a thing

(=If he were a true friend, he)

(=If there were no water,…)

(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)

3 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：

If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now

If I were you, I would have gone home

五、虚拟语气的其他用法

1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：

suggest, advise, recommend, demand,

require, insist, urge, request, order, +that…(should )+动词原形

devide, ask, move, propose等

注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。

He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking

上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。

He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking

如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。

He insists that he is right

2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：

imperative, advisable, 动词完成式

It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that…(should) +

essential, strange,等 动词原形

It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders

It is right that you should have done your homework

3、wish的用法

动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反

主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反

助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反

I wish I were a pop singer (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer)

I wish I had never stopped teaching (=I am sorry I stopped teaching)

I wish they’d let us get some sleep

注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：

（1） We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come)

（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming)

4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：

He acts as if nothing had happened

I would rather you didn’t tell him

5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：

It’s time (that) you had a hair cut

It’s high time (that) we took some action