SAT作文例子
1 The Last Leaf by O Henry
Johnsy is an inhabitant of an art colony in Greenwich Village, where pneumonia is taking its toll Eventually, Johnsy is stricken with the disease and gives up all desire to live Outside her window resides an old ivy vine on which only a few leaves remain Convinced that she will die when the last leaf falls, Johnsy watches the vine incessantly This morbid fascination distresses her big hearted neighbor Mr Berhman, an old painter scraping by as an artist’s model and still dreaming of painting his masterpiece Time passes, Johnsy remains fascinated by the withering vine To her growing astonishment, a single last leaf remains attached firmly to the vine Taking this as an embodiment of hope, Johnsy’s condition ameliorated In the meantime, her neighbor contracts pneumonia and has been taken to hospital, where he later dies It is later discovered that he had contracted the disease after staying up all night to paint the perfect image of a single leaf on the brick wall outside Johnsy’s window (168字)
取决于选择
2 Charles Schulz
Charles Monroe Schulz is an American cartoonist, whose comic strip Peanuts is considered to be one of the most popular and influential in the history of the medium Although Charles is a shy, timid teenager, he is steadfast and persistent It is his self-defeating stubbornness and admirable perseverance in trying his best against all odds that made him a popular figure He can never win a ballgame but continues to play baseball; he can never fly a kite successfully but continues to do so Although his drawings were first rejected by his high school yearbook and then refused by Disney, he persevered and created the world renowned Charlie Brown and Snoopy, known as Peanut comic, which reflects his own life Peanuts ran for 50 years, and, at its peak, appeared in more than 2,600 newspapers in 75 countries (138字)
取决于选择--》坚持
Henry Ford
Henry Ford, the American founder of the Ford Motor Company, had been stimulated by Thomas Edison in his youth and followed Thomas Edison’s career then In 1896, while attending a company-sponsored convention in Manhattan Beach, New York, Henry Ford was introduced to the great inventor Thomas Edison During their conversation, Edison asked the young Henry Ford a series of questions and when the conversation was over, Edison emphasized his satisfaction by banging his fist down on the table "Young man," he said, "that's the thing! You have it!” To Henry Ford, as he later indicated, that bang on the table was worth worlds
After receiving the complete approval from Thomas Edison, Henry Ford strived to accomplish his invention of the cheap and convenient Model T After further improvements, the price of Model T decreased from $850 to $225, a price that is affordable to most social classes The design later revolutionized the transportation industry in America because prior to its introduction, cars were a form of luxury that is only affordable to the upper echelons And in just 19 years after the first introduction, the sales of the Model T had reached an astounding 15,007,034, a record which stood for the next 45 years (204字)
5 Jack Welch
Jack Welch was the former CEO of General Electric He joined the company in 1960 and worked as a junior engineer After a year at GE, he was displeased with the strict bureaucracy regarding pay rise which led to a mere $1000 increase in his salary after his first year Welch, who then harbored thoughts of leaving the company, was convinced by Reuben Gutoff to stay He then started questioning the decisions made by the authorities and moved up the ranks quickly When he became the CEO of GE in 1981, he worked to streamline the company by trimming inventories and dismantling the bureaucracy that almost led him to leave the company Each year, he would fire the bottom 10% of his managers, while rewarding the top 20% with bonuses and stock options By pushing his managers to perform, the perennial problem with regards to perceived inefficiency was effectively eradicated When Welch left GE, the company had gone from a market value of $14 billion to more than $410 billion at the end of 2004, making it the most valuable and largest company in the world (186字)
6 Christopher Reeve
Christopher Reeve was an American actor who is best known for his portrayal of the superhero Superman However, unlike the man of steel he was in his movies, Reeve became quadriplegic after being thrown from a horse in an equestrian competition in 1995 As a result, he required a wheelchair and breathing apparatus for the rest of his life Despite the setbacks, Reeve was reinvented by that experience and brought the kind of energy and enthusiasm that made him successful as a film star to an entirely different issue, with huge effect He lobbied on behalf of people with spinal cord injuries for human embryonic stem cell research and established the Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation, a non-profit research organization which raises money for research in spinal cord injuries Also, he lobbied for scientists to be allowed to conduct stem cell research in the hopes of eventually curing paralysis and other current incurable diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Through this, Reeve will be remembered as “Superman” not only in the movies, but also in reality (175字)
7 Franklin Roosevelt
Franklin Roosevelt was the 32nd president of the United States who rose to prominence during the Great Depression During that time, President Hebert Hoover’s economic program was unsatisfactory and ineffective and kept millions of people under poverty and hunger In the midst of despair, Franklin Roosevelt, who had long been questioning Hoover’s economic program, was elected as the President to combat the economic crisis He assembled a group of elites and constructed a more effective economic program called New Deal The new program provided money and supplies to needy families and created jobs for the unemployed As a result, President Roosevelt effectively rekindled hope to millions of despondent Americans New Deal proved to be an important turning point in the history of America It made a powerful start of a strong government role in the nation’s economic affairs that remained and developed to the present day (146字)
8 Bill Gates
Bill Gates is an American business executive who served as the chairman of Microsoft Corporation, the leading computer software company in the United States He cofounded Microsoft together with Paul Allen in 1975 and became the youngest ever self-made billionaire in 1987 at the age of 31 In the 1990s, Gates became more involved in philanthropy as he believed that there is more to be expected from a person like himself In 1994, he sold some of his shares in Microsoft to create the William H Gates Foundation Then, in 2000, Gates and his wife combined three family foundations into one to create the world renowned Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation which, ranked by assets, quickly became the largest foundation in the world As of 2007, Gates and his wife were the second most generous philanthropist in America, having donated over $28billion USD to charity (145字)
9 Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale was born in a rich, upper class, well-connected British family Yet, she opposed the expected role for a woman of her status, which was to become a wife and mother Her decision to become a nurse in 1844 infuriated her family members Despite vehement disagreements, Nightingale’s determination did not waver When the Crimean War broke out in 1854, Nightingale hoped that she could help ameliorate the situation and hence travelled to Turkey immediately She devoted herself to nursing the injured soldiers and the situation gradually appeased Six months later, the mortality rate at the hospital fell from 60% during her arrival to 22% As a result, she became a prominent figure in England and became known as “The Lady with the Lamp” as a sign of respect (129字)
10 Oprah Winfrey
Oprah Winfrey is an American television host who, according to some assessments, is the most influential woman in the world She had a traumatic childhood and, in 1991, took her personal story of child abuse all the way to Capital Hill, testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee in support of the National Child Protection Act, which advocated the establishment of a national database of convicted child abusers “I am speaking out on behalf of the children who wish to be heard, but whose cries, wishes and hopes often, I believe, fall upon deaf or inattentive ears”, she said The US Senate heard her moving plea loud and clear With Winfrey’s support, the Act was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in 1993 In 2008, she once again used her influence to call attention to the Combating Child Exploitation bill On air, she urged her audience to contact their senators in favor of the bill As a result, the senate offices were flooded with calls, emails and letters, and the bill was eventually signed into law (176字)
松鼠英文表达了作者对松鼠的一种喜欢,关心,热爱的心情。主要表达的是作者对这种小精灵的爱。
你可以先了解一下小松鼠这种动物。
松鼠其他松鼠一样,它们爱在针叶树杈上建立自己的巢穴。这些巢穴都由松鼠们利用捡拾回来的树枝,组成一个约25-30厘米左右的半球型的底,然后混入苔藓、树叶、树皮及野草等构筑而成。有些时候也会栖身在地穴及由啄木鸟所留下的洞穴里。[2]
每到交配季节,雌性会达到所需的体重后,就会进入发情周期。雄性透过雌性发情期间独有的气味去找寻雌性。虽然没有求偶的表征,但雄性仍会花上近一小时的时间去追逐异性。通常出现的情况是数只雄性追逐一只雌性,直至其中一只占了明显的优势,而这只一般是体型较大的个体,就会赢得异性交配权。它们会交配数次,并与不同的对象进行多次交配。如食物短缺,繁殖可能会被延迟。一般雌性会于翌年诞下它们的第一窝。[2]
交配期一般在2-3月的晚冬季节,或在6-7月的夏天。每年最多可诞下两窝,而每窝的数目3-4只,最多达6只。怀孕期约为38-39天。由雌鼠独力抚养幼仔儿,每胎仅重10-15克。在出生第21天便会长出毛发,眼睛及耳朵在3-4周后打开,42天后牙齿完全长出。初生的欧亚红松鼠在40天后便能进食硬的食物,并由此开始可以离巢觅食。虽然如此,但它们仍会吮吸其母鼠的乳液,直至8-10周后完全断奶为止。[2]
欧亚红松鼠的寿命一般为3年,个别例子也有长达7年以上,但最多不会超越十年。存活率与秋冬季节期间树木长出的果实数目有直接的关系。平均计算约75%至85%的初生松鼠会在它们第一个冬天后死亡,而剩下来的一半则于下一个冬天离开。
sat写作到底该怎么分析?
开宗明义:套路。
但我们先得明白为什么写SAT文章需要套路。道理很简单,没有套路,大多数学生都是瞎写一通,即使整篇文章写完自我感觉良好,好似行云流水,把该说的都说了,基本上分数都只能在5/5/5到6/6/6晃悠,想要那更高的分数,必须学习写作套路。
sat写作分析一:开头段万事开头难,作文如何开头难倒不少英雄好汉。我在平时教学中也经常碰到学生开头段有的草草了事,有的长篇大论,其实归根结底就是没有掌握正确的方法。经过分析市面上所有的高分范文,我发现所有的高分开头都一个共性,它们总能准确地把握住评分标准中要求的四个得分点:
话题背景:简单阐述话题发生的背景情况,非必要
文章主旨:说明文章的讨论对象和作者的写作目的,必要
行文技巧:总结挑选出来的值得分析的写作技巧,必要
目标受众:指出这篇文章的目标受众或听众,非必要
大家的开头要符合以下要点:
结构完整:开头得分点必要成分必须齐全
论述具体:主旨句和技巧句一定要全面和准确
语言简洁:语言切忌罗嗦,特别是背景句尽量不要超过2句话
那么该怎样才能写好开头段呢?需要知道以下几点:
如何写话题背景句?
背景句的写法非常多样,比如名人名言法,钩子法,社会现象法,大家可以参照托福写作开头写法灵活选择。背景句要做到第一时间吸引读者,顺利过渡到主旨句,切忌长篇累牍,哗众取宠。背景句不是必要成分,不写也不会影响大家的文章最终得分。
2 如何写文章主旨句?
我建议大家写主旨句掌握 WOSP原则:W即Writer,作者的名字;O即Occasion,文章的标题;S即Subject,文章的讨论或者描述对象;P即Purpose,作者的写作目的。大家可以参照以下模板句进行套路练习:
Writer:(Writer’s credentials, if any作者的身份,如果有的话就写,比如美国前总统)+ (Writer’s first and last name 作者的姓名)
Occasion: in his/her (title of the text文章的标题)
Subject:describes/narrates/lists/analyzes/defines/establishes/expresses/recounts+(Writer’s subject文章的讨论或者描述对象)
Purpose: (Writer’s last name作者的姓)’s purpose is to (what the writer does in the text作者的写作目的)
主旨句常用词汇和句型:
“使用”系列词汇
use/utilize/employ/resort to/refer to/make an effective use of v使用
The author makes an effective uses of statistics, connections to social media as well as using specific diction to establish his argument
“说服”系列词汇
persuade/convince v 说服,劝服
(1) persuade/convince sb to do sth
By using anecdote, the author tries to persuade/convince the readers to believe that American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting
(2) persuade/convince sb of sth
By using anecdote, the author tries to persuade/convince the readers of the urgency for American news organizations to increase the amount of professional foreign reporting
(3) persuade/convince sb that
By using anecdote, the author tries to persuade/convince the readers that American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting
“表达”系列词汇
build/give/deliver/construct/establish/convey v 传达,表达
The author adeptly constructs his argument by using hard facts, logic reasoning and various types of persuasive elements
小窍门:在写文章主旨的时候建议参考文末Prompt,会有意想不到的惊喜。
3 如何写行文技巧句?
行文技巧句建议大家用最简单直白的语句,大家可以参照以下模板句进行套路练习:
He/She effectively conveys this argument by using (skill 1), (skill 2) and (skill 3)
4如何写目标受众句?
大家可以通过文章标题和出处锁定粗略锁定文章的目标受众。新SAT写作文章大部分摘自美国主流报刊杂志,因此手中通常是美国大众。但也不排除会有特殊情况,大家还要结合文章内容具体分析。目标受众句非必要成分,大家可以参照以下模板句进行套路练习:
His/Her primary audience would be…
当大家熟练掌握开头段得分点以及基本套路后可以根据个人偏好进行个性化修改。字数大概控制在40字到100字之间。时间控制在3分钟内。
sat写作分析二:主体段SAT官方并没有规定文章要写几个主体段,从官方给出的范文和学生考试的反馈来看,两到三段是比较合适的。与开头段写作类似,大家在创作主体段时也要认真把握每一个得分点:
段落定位:准确描述技巧所在文章和段落位置
点明技巧:简单直白地点明作者使用的技巧
解释说明:运用同义句转化(paraphrase)和总结主干内容(summary),直接引用关键词(inference)的方法解释技巧在段落内是如何使用的
解释作用:从主旨,读者,结构三个角度分析技巧使用带来的作用,前两个角度是必须要写的,第三个角度如果没有具体体现可以省略。
接下来我教大家一步一步写好主体段。
1 如何写段落定位句?
段落定位句只要写清楚技巧点出现的位置就可以了。
In the (first/second…) paragraph(s),
Throughout the passage,
2 如何写点明技巧句?
the author/Writer’s last name + uses (skill技巧名) to (describes/narrates/lists/analyzes/defines/establishes/express) + (main idea of this section of the text 分析文本的主旨)
3 如何写解释说明句?
点名技巧后要向考官详细展示该技巧点是如何在段落内使用的。解释技巧部分不宜过长,通常三到五句个句子即可。得分的关键是要有技巧性将原文关键信息用直接引用的方式穿插到同义句转化或总结概括的文本当中,三者缺一不可。直接引用的比例不要太高,尽量只选取几个关键单词或者短语,最多一句话,引用内容不要超过全部文本的10%。
单独使用同义句转化,总结概括,直接引用这三个手段中某一个难度都不大。但是想写出高分SAT写作文章大家一定要做到将三者巧妙地融合在一起。例如:
The author starts to talk about how we now rely on social media for our world news He again backs up his claim that we need more “professional” foreign coverage in the United States He explains how common people are providing the news This may make for “speculation, propaganda, and other white noise into the mix”
上文中两处直接引用部分都作为句意的重要部分插入到句子中,没有明显拼接的痕迹。 这里的秘诀就是尽量不要使用类似the author says/uses/describes“…”这样的初级语句将直接引用的内容与其他部分割裂开,错误示范如下:
Goodman uses evidence to support his claims that coverage of foreign news is dwindling Goodman says “20 American news organizations had entirely eliminated their foreign bureaus” He also explains “in the summer of 2011, the count had dropped to 234”
在直接引用原文时要注意以下标点符号的使用规则:
当引用内容位于句中时,且后面要加逗号时,逗号应放在引号内。
He enjoys “being the shining star,” and hates to be isolated
当引用内容位于句中或句末时,且后面要加句号时,句号应放在引号内。
He enjoys “being the shining star in the group”
当引用内容中又有引号时,后者变为单引号。
He enjoys “being the ‘shining star’ in the group”
当引用内容为完整句子时,句首单词首字母要大写。
He says, “Being the shining star is the most enjoyable moment”
当引用内容中有人称代词时,需要重新替换以避免歧义,并使用方括号进行改写。
He describes a scenery where “I [he] becomes the shining star in the group”
4 如何写解释作用句?
主旨作用句集中强调技巧对于作者的主旨的传达和展开有何帮助,一般用来传递作者的态度或写作意图;读者作用句解释该技巧对于读者的影响,或者读者读完该技巧的心理感受;结构作用句阐明技巧对于整篇文章段落之间衔接或者文章整体的推进作用。前两个技巧是必写的,最后一个作用可以省略,视具体情况而定。如下是解释作用句常用句型,请大家结合第二章中每节的常用句型,熟读并在写作时灵活借鉴使用。
新SAT写作主体段的展开主要采用以下三种方法:
方法一:常规法
1.主体段一:主要阐述文章中Evidence是如何建立文章可信度的(credibility)。但是要注意虽然Anecdote归类为Evidence,但是它主要作用在于抒情(emotional appeal),不建议在Evidence段中讨论。
2.主体段二:主要阐述文章中Reasoning是如增强文章逻辑性的(logic)。重点放在Cause-Effect,Comparison-Contrast,Concession。Classification因为分析价值低,不作为写作重点。
3.主体段三:主要阐述文章中Rhetorical Methods是如何强化文章情感色彩的(emotion)。其中Anecdote用诉诸情感(emotional appeal)的角度进行分析。
方法二:简易法
1.主体段一:主要阐述文章中Evidence和Reasoning是如何增加文章可信度(credibility)和逻辑性的(logic)。这种方法即将Evidence和Reasoning结合起来一起分析,通常用于文章Evidence或者Reasoning某一项技巧点出现频率比较低,很难单独成段分析的情况。建议以Reasoning为主线,Evidence为辅助进行分析。
2.主体段二:主要阐述文章中Rhetorical Methods是如何强化文章情感色彩的(emotion)。其中Anecdote用诉诸情感(emotional appeal)的角度进行分析。
方法三:经典法
1 主体段一:主要阐述文章中Ethos的使用,即作者如何树立自己的权威和道德形象。
2 主体二:主要阐述文章中Logos的使用,即作者如何有技巧地使用Evidence和Reasoning来增加文章的逻辑性和可信度。
3 主体段三:主要阐述文章中各类技巧对于作者情感表达和读者情感的影响,主要集中于各类修辞和某些具有强烈感情色彩的Evidence,比如某些打动人的Anecdote。
sat写作分析三:结尾段作文写到结尾了得善始善终,结尾段最常见的处理方法就是开头段的同义句改写,依旧按照得分点来写。
结尾段得分点:
行文技巧:总结讨论的行文技巧,可以同义改写开头句
总结主旨:重申文章主旨(删去S主题句和O场合句,只保留W作者句和P目的句),注意同义句转化开头文字
作文写到结尾了得善始善终,结尾段最常见的处理方法就是开头段的同义句改写,依旧按照得分点来写。
我用满分开头示范如何在同义句改写开头段。改写过程大体分成以下两个步骤:
Peter Goodman, in his “Foreign News at a Crisis Point,” describes the dramatic declining of foreign news coverage in America Goodman’s purpose is to persuade his audience that American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting He effectively conveys this argument by using example, cause-and-effect reasoning, and specific diction
第一步:更换同义词/改变词性
同义改写最基本的方法就是更换同义词或者同义表达,如果没有可以替换的同义词可以考虑改变词性,比如动词和名词之间互换。
1 persuade可以替换成convince
2 increase 可以替换成 enlarge
3 reporting 可以替换成news coverage
4 using可以替换成the usage of
第二步:改变句型
改变句型最常用的方法就是主动和被动句之间相互转化,熟练的同学也可以尝试合并句子改写从句。
(1)…American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting 可以改成:
…the amount of professional foreign reporting in America should be increased
(2) 将目的句和技巧句合并,并作适当微调
Through using example, cause-and-effect reasoning, and specific diction, Peter Goodman builds an argument to persuade his audience that the amount of professional foreign reporting in American should be increased
第三步:合并修改结果,并作适当微调
In “Foreign News at a Crisis Point,” through the usage of example, cause-and-effect reasoning, and specific diction, Peter Goodman builds an argument to convince his audience that the amount of foreign news coverage should be enlarged
当大家熟练掌握结尾段得分点后可根据个人兴趣适当增补删减和微调,字数大概控制在30字到50字之间。时间控制在3分钟内。
以上便是一份完整的sat写作技巧分析,希望对你有帮助,祝你成功上岸。
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