英语作文段落写作的有效方法

　《英语课程标准》写作八级要求规定，学生掌握的词汇量应达到3300个左右，分值由25分提高到30分，字数由100个单词左右增加到120—150个单词，增加了写作题的开放性，从而更能考查考生的语言输出能力、语言应用能力和实际英语水平，同时体现了重视学生的个性发展和学生思维的多样性与开放性的理念。 作文 的评分标准也强调了对谋篇布局，遣词 造句 ，情感表达和语言审美的要求

　 英语作文 段落写作的有效 方法

　以下介绍几种段落写作的技巧

　1比较与对照的基本定义

　比较(comparison)主要是指出两个或两个以上不同种类的共同点或相似点(similarities)，如人物、事物、地点、思想、观点等。对照(contrast)主要是指它们的不同点(difference)。在大学英语中，比较和对照法往往同时使用。写作时，首先应考虑要比较和对照的两个或两个以上的事物， 然后列一个表，发现这些事物的最主要特征，相同的或类似的特征可以比较，不同的特征可以组成对照。例如：

　例1Punctuality is the main constituent of good characterAperson，who is always in time for his appointment，shows real considerationfor othersOn the other hand，a person who is always lateshows his selfishness and thoughtlessness and he is not worthy tobe friend with(本段对守时(in time)与不能守时(late)的两种不同的人进行了对照， 用表示对照的连接词“On the otherhand”进行了很好的连接。)。

　例2Paintings and photographs have something in commonBut there are also some differences between them(这段很好地展示出本文将用比较与对照的方法进行写作。)

　Paintings and photographs are visual art formsThey both cancapture a specific moment for all timeA painting reflects the skilland talent of a painter，likewise the quality of a photograph canrepresent the skill and talent of a photographer(本段对paintingsand photographs两个不同的种类进行了分析， 用连接词(both)进行了很好的连接，用连接词(likewise)用同样的方式对它们的相同点(the skill and talent)进行了比较)。

　Photographs are created by using film，a camera，and specialpaperIn contrast，paintings are created with paint，brushes，andcanvasPhotographs，like paintings，are often framed and displayedon walls in homes and galleriesBoth can vary in sizeHowever，photographs are usually small enough to keep in albumswhere they document family events ( 本段比较和对照法同时使用)。In conclusion，although paintings and photographs are similarin some ways，there are also some differences between them(本段对本文的比较与对照进行了小结)。

　2比较与对照的两种基本写作方法

　21整体对比法(one-side-at-a-time method)

　整体对比法：既先描述甲，再描述乙(A1，A2，A3，B1，B2，B3，)例 如大学英语作文“Where to live———In the City or inthe Countryside” 第一段可描述几点城市生活(A1，A2，A3，)，第二段可描述几点农村生活(B1，B2，B3，)，用整体对比法写作。

　例3Many people appreciate the conveniences of the city

　(A)The city has better transportation service and health careCitydwellers can easily enjoy themselves in restaurants，departmentstores and concert hallsThey are well-informed about what is goingon at home and abroad，and have the access to better education，better jobs and more opportunities for business (A1，A2，A3，)But country life is also attractive (B)Country people are inclose contact with natureThey breathe fresh air and listen to thesong of the birdsThey make friends with crops and trees，cows andsheepAnd they enjoy the peace and calm of the pastoral environment(B1，B2，B3，)

　However，both the city and the country have their own disadvantagesThe city，despite all its good points，may be a place toocrowded for people to live inAnd urban citizens are often underpressure，worrying over such problems as pollution，crime and unemployment(A1，A2，)As for rural inhabitants，they are freefrom becoming layoffs all right，yet they may find life far from thecity less convenient，and sometimes not as colorful or full of vigor

　(B1，B2，)

　22逐项对比法(point-by-point method)逐项对比法： 既双方同时描述， 逐点进行比较(A1，B1;A2，B2;A3，B3)

　例4Riding a bicycle has a lot of advantages over driving acarFirst，it is a physical exercise to ride a bicycle (A1)In contrast，sitting in the car，one tends to gain weight(B1)Besides，it ismuch more economical to ride a bike than drive a carOn the otherhand，the only fee a bike-rider has to pay is the annual taxHowever，the annual fees for a car are costly (A2，B2)On the otherhand，a bike needn’t be equipped with a parking lot，but a carmust(A3，B3)Most important of all，it is beneficial to the environmentto ride a bicycle because the bike doesn’t consume petrol;itis a pollution -free transportIn contrast，the exhaust released bythe car is harmful to the environment(A4，B4)

　3常用于比较与对照写作方法的过渡连接语

　要写好大学英语作文，使作文连贯、流畅，有条理，逻辑性强，灵活运用过渡连接词至关重要。如无连接词，作文实质上是一堆简单句的拼凑，读起来也枯燥无味。另外，过渡词也是信息词，能较好地表明作者想比较或对照的意图。

　高级的英文写作，我们除了看范文提高自己的能力之外，还可以找一本书籍来系统地学习。下面是我给大家整理的高级英文写作教程，供大家参阅!

高级英文写作教程介绍

　《高级英文写作教程》分学生用书和教师用书两册，供高等学校英语专业高年级教学和有一定基础的英语爱好者使用。

　本教材旨在扩大学生的知识领域，巩固和提高学生的语言技能，重点培养学生驾驭英语语言文学知识和对文学作品独立赏析的能力，从而使其能得体而流畅地运用语言，把用英语表达思想的能力提高到一个新的高度。经部分高校多年试用，证明本教材的使用效果基本符合新颁布的《高等学校英语专业教学大纲》中关于阅读部分和写作部分的要求。现为了适应更多学校英语教学的迫切需要，本教材经修订后由外语教学与研究出版社正式出版。

　本教材所选的散文包括说明文、限定文、论说文、叙术文、描写文以及一些关于文章开头与结尾、文体风格的范文，其内容涉及文学批评、语言学、哲学、教育学、历史文化、名人轶事及经济生活等各个领域，具有教学大纲中要求的事实性阅读，评判性阅读和鉴赏性阅读三种特点。每类散文之前都有一篇概要的理论介绍，阐明该类散文的写作意旨、对象、语言特色和写作技巧。这些作品大都出自名家之手，结构严谨，用词考究，构思精巧，具有不同的写作风格和艺术特色，堪为不习和模仿的范例。

高级英文写作教程目录

　Exposition

　Lesson 1

　The Delicate Art ot the Forest

　by Mark Twain

　Lesson 2

　The Emotive Component of Meaning

　by Louis BSalomon

　Lesson 3

　The Big Bull Market

　by Frederick Lewis Allen

　Lesson 4

　The Evil of my Tale

　by TELawrence

　Lesson 5

　Oxford As I See It

　by Stephen Leacock

　Definition

　Lesson 6

　Pedantry

　by Jacques Barzun

　Lesson 7

　Plot

　by EMForster

　Lesson 8

　Loneliness An American Malady

　by Carson McCullers

　Judgment

　Lesson 9

　The Population of Augustan Rome

　by Henry Thompson Rowell

　Lesson 10

　General George Armstrong Custer

　by Ralph KAndrist

　……

高级英文写作范文：Report 工作部门工作总结

　This report aims at outlining which aspects of ourdepartment function most effectively, which onesneed improvement and how to achieve an efficientimprovement

　First of all, it needs to be stressed out that themajority of the team generally shows a real teamspirit, is willing to do his best to prioritize somesmooth interactions with customers and is notreluctant to work outside the normal working hours

　On top of that, every member of the team has beencarefully selected for his/her excellent qualifications in terms of negotiating skills andcommunications abilities

　As a result, it came out of the recent survey, conducted with most of our customers, that ourdepartment has an excellent image outside the company

　Unfortunately, however, some aspects appear to be less brilliant As part of our sales force,people spend most of their time on the phone and cannot fit any training course within theirschedule As there is no clear strategy to encourage the employees to attend trainingcourses, they may feel guilty to decide to use part of their working time to get a betterknowledge on a computer software for instance

　This being, said, I strongly recommend to define a clear strategy encouraging people toregister, at least, to two training courses, each year

　This would help them to understand that, whatever their initial qualifications may be, it maybring benefit to both them and the company to improve them

　

高中英语写作教学

　引导语：下面是我整理的关于高中如何进行英语写作的教学的内容，当然我的能力有限，所收集的内容没有尽善尽美，但这也是一个大概的模板，仅供参考。

　如何进行高中英语写作训练

　(一)词、句、篇

　要充分地表达自己的思想，掌握足够的词汇量是前提，能说出或写出语法正确、合乎英语表达习惯的句子是目的。

　1 、词

　( 1 )记单词并不难，因为任何事物都是有规律的：

　• eye, see, seek, meet, sleep

　• look, book,

　• water, wave, way, wall

　• line, lie, life, live, long, light

　• eat, seat, meat, wheat, heat, neat, cheat, beat,

　• heroine, Family, IM2BZ2CU

　• two, twice, twins, twenty, between

　( 2 )用构词法扩大词汇量

　• antidisestablishmentarianism

　• Anti+dis+establish+ment+ary+ian+ism

　• antibody, antiwar, antifreeze, antismoking,

　• dislike, disappear, disagree, disadvantage,

　• movement, agreement, department

　• revolutionary, primary, ordinary, necessary

　• Italian, musician, guardian,

　• Marxism, socialism, communism, tourism

　( 3 )注意词汇的翻译

　• 看黑板

　• 看电视/比赛

　• 看**/病

　• 看望某人

　• 看孩子

　• 看着点!

　• 看天气

　• 尝尝看

　• 试试看

　• 看起来高兴

　• look at the blackboard

　• watch TV/a game

　• see a movie/a doctor

　• visit/call on someone

　• take care of the children

　• Watch out!

　• depend on the weather

　• just taste this

　• have a try

　• seem happy

　2 、句

　熟悉句子的基本框架结构

　• 主 + 谓

　• 主 + 谓 + 宾

　• 主 + 谓 + 双宾

　• 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补

　• 主 + 连系动词 + 表

　例一：主 + 连系动词 + 表

　To be

　He is a student

　He is a middle school student

　My friend Li Ming is a middle school student

　Li Ming, one of my best friends, is a middle school student

　Li Ming, who is one of my best friends, is a middle school student

　例二： To be considered

　人物 Yao Ming is considered one of the greatest basketball players in NBA

　景点 The Great Wall is considered one of the wonders in the world like the Pyramids

　事物 Computer is considered one of the greatest inventions of the last century

　例三：句子扩展

　I go to school 4

　Last year I went back to school 7

　Last year I went back to school to visit my teachers 11

　During Spring Festival I went back to the middle school to visit my former teachers15

　During Spring Festival I went back to the middle school where I had studied for 6 years to visit my former teachers22

　例四：句子扩展

　I see a car

　The other day, while I was walking along the road, I saw a car running fast

　Yesterday morning, when I got to school, I saw many people sitting at the back of the classroom

　例五：复合句

　When I sing, she dances

　She dances when I sing

　When she dances, I sing

　I sing when she dances

　If I sing, she will dance

　If she dances, I will sing

　句子练习 1

　1 ) We have made some progress

　We still have a long way to go

　We have made some progress but still have a long way to go

　2 ) The house is not big enough for us

　It is far from the town

　The house is not big enough for us, and further more, it is too far from the town

　句子练习 2

　3 ) The sky was cloudless

　The sun was shining brightly

　The sky was cloudless with the sun shining brightly

　4 ) There were over two hundred passengers on board About one third of them were foreigners

　There were over two hundred passengers on board, about one third of whom were foreigners

　句子练习 3

　5 ) The girl began to learn to play the piano when she was a child

　Her mother was a famous pianist

　The girl, whose mother was a famous pianist, began to learn to play the piano as a child

　3 、篇章写作

　英语写作除了加强词汇和语法基础的训练外，还应从语篇入手，让学生接触不同类型的体裁，加强学生的体裁意识训练，以便学生对写作目的和写作内容的结构有明确认识。

　如果老师在课上带着学生一起写，边写边讨论，让学生理解课文语言的运用，了解英语的文体结构，学生自然就知道写作的方法，从而逐渐提高写作兴趣和能力。

　下面给大家介绍一个写作案例，老师和学生共同写作，老师在前面用电脑打字，学生们一起说，老师把学生所说的句子依次打出来，再让学生不断调整，修改，添加。下面我们看看整个写作和修改的过程：

　Travel by air or by train

　I like travelling by air When I travel, I always choose flying It is faster than by train Trains are slow and noisy So I like travelling by air

　Travel by air or by train

　I like travelling by air because it is fast and comfortable When I travel, I always choose flying It is much faster than by train Trains are slow and noisy So I prefer taking flight to going by train

　I like travelling by air because it is fast and comfortable Taking a trip from Beijing to Guangzhou for example, it takes only 3 hours by air while if I travel by train, it takes 13 hours Train travel is almost always slower than flying Sometimes trains make unexpected stops to allow other trains to pass What's more, You can't go to sleep with the noise Most airlines have meal service and they offer drinks with several options to choose

　So I prefer taking flight to going by train

　对比范文：

　When we go on a trip, we will be faced with the choice of traveling by train or by plane As for me, I would like travelling by train

　First of all, the railway station is not as far as the airport so it is easy and quickly to get there by bus or taxi Second, in a train we can enjoy the beautiful scenery of the countryside While in a plane we can only view some clouds What's more, a train ticker is cheap so most of us can afford it However, a plane ticket is about twice as expensive as a train ticket Besides, it is safer to travel by train If the train gets some trouble, we survive by jumping out of it On the contrary, if we travel by plane, we have to ask God to bless us However, it takes us longer time to travel by train than by plane

　Therefore, it depends on which transportation tool we should choose If we just want to save money, we will travel by train But if we want to save time, we will turn to the plane

　除了老师和学生共同写作外，还可以让几个擅长写作的学生到黑板上去即时作文，其他学生可以一边写，一边参考借鉴，然后全班当场分析，指出优点，点出不足。这种做法可以课堂气氛活跃，体验过程写作，减少出现的错误，掌握写作技巧。

　在培养学生语言提升方面，我们可以怎样做呢

　在展示范文中，有意识地让学生总结划出好词好句，或者让学生加入新鲜的词汇或句型，使学生敢于评价范文、超越范文。 还可以鼓励学生从高一开始准备一个积累本，从课文中、课外阅读中收集好词好句，每周定期交流分享。 Eg The picture reminds me of a common social phenomenon that… “对有害”： be bad for/do harm to/ be harmful to/ have bad effects on…

　三、高中英语写作教学设计

　下面是我们要讲的`第三个问题，写作课的教学模式有哪些我们结合高中英语写作教学给大家介绍几个写作教学设计案例。

　这里想让听课的老师们停一下，给大家 5 分钟的时间相互讨论一下自己在教学中常用的方法，并记录下来。

　下面来对比一下你的方法和下面的模式一样吗

　传统写作教学模式：给出题目 —— 提出要求 —— 课上完成 —— 教师批改。这几个环节都是由教师决定的，写作教学内容或话题由教师决定后强加给学生，以致无法激发学生的表达欲望和兴趣。写作要求也是教师提出来到，在教学中较少关注情感因素对写的激励、促进作用;教师只给学生有限的时间，教师批改后仅仅给个分数使学生不知道如何改进。练来练去，就这几种形式，久而久之学生对写作失去兴趣。教师们对学生失望的同时，很少考虑学生为什么写不出写不好。

　还有的老师只是让大家背诵范文。结果学生还是不知道如何去写，因为不知道一篇好文章是怎样写出来的。所以如果只是单纯让学生阅读课文、背诵范文，而没有理解文章的意思，自然很难应用课文和范文中学到的语言表达信息。因此我们提倡的写作模式是过程写作法。

　新课程下的过程写作法倡导在完成写作过程中，教师使用多种活动和练习形式来组织写作教学，把写作与听、读、说以及语言知识的教学有机结合起来，让学生创造性地运用所学语言进行书面表达或解决问题。利用头脑风暴让学生有话可写，通过小组合作获取写作资源，培养写作情感和策略，写后让学生自我评价和同伴评价，把学习的主动权交给学生。学生在写作活动中的积极参与和互动，从而使写作活动更具交际性，有利于提高学生写作的积极性。

　这里给大家介绍杨生栋老师写的一篇文章 《美国学生写作课带给我们的思考》

　美国的学生上作文课和中国有很多不同之处，其中有一条就是不要求学生当堂完成写作任务，他们可以到图书馆查资料，可以实地调查访问，给学生充分思考和准备的余地。作文命题也很广，关注人生，关注学生未来的发展，与社会和现实生活联系紧密，并且追求真实和实用。相反，中国的学生要按写作要求行文，如所写内容必须在话题范围之内，不能超出话题，不得抄袭，字数不少于 60 字，但也不能超出太多等等。

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