英语案例分析怎么写

英语案例分析怎么写,第1张

英语案例分析写法如下:

一般情况下,撰写教学案例要写两个方面的内容,一是写案例事实,二是写案例分析。 撰写案例事实,是“讲老百姓自己的故事”,由于教师对教学事件比较熟悉,叙述的事实比较具体,加之教师对写记叙文不会感到困难,所以描述教学事件也就得心应手。

撰写案例分析需要进行论述,但是这里的论述是就事论理,是针对具体问题发表自己有针对性的意见或建议,不涉及很多的人和事,不需要高度的抽象概括,难度不大。 

只要我们认真研究,都有可能写出有价值案例分析;只要认真地运用教学理论深入分析教学案例,都有可能提出独到的见解。

一般由案例背景、案例描述、案例分析三个部分组成。教学案例是教师在教学过程中,对教学的重点、难点、偶发事件、典型的教学事例的处理过程、以及对该案例记录的剖析、反思、总结。因此,教学案例就是对课堂教学中真实发生的某种具体教学情景的记叙。

不仅记叙教学行为,还记叙伴随行为而产生的思想、情感及灵感,反映教师在教学活动中遇到的问题、矛盾、困惑,以及由此而产生的思想、思路、对策等。

教学案例不是课堂实录,也不是教师教案、教师个案。如果对教学事件做静态的,缺少过程性的描述,没有以客观真实为基础,缺乏典型意义的教学事件,都不能称为教学案例。

1 用动词写一段有情感的作文200字

小狗卷毛

奶奶家有一只小狗,头上扎着一个小辫,卷卷的,因而得名叫卷毛它的毛都是黑色的,有一双水汪汪的大眼睛,小小的鼻子,可逗人了

它可贪玩了!一天晚上,快要吃饭了,卷毛还在外面玩,不愿意回来奶奶让我把它找回来,我费了九牛二虎之力终于把它叫回来了,可是刚到家门口,听身后就没音乐了,回头一看,呀!卷毛又跑去玩啦,没办法,只能让奶奶再去找

卷毛也很贪吃一次,我买了一根火腿,正好想做点别的事情,就顺手把火腿放在了桌子上等我做完事情后回来一看,发现火腿和卷毛不见了我于是满屋子到处找,最后在卷毛的窝边,看见卷毛正在津津有味地吃着火腿,我又可气、又可笑

卷毛更多的时候是可爱,它好像能理解人,具有灵性记得有一次,奶奶的腿不小心被碰了一下,流了很多血,疼得很厉害卷毛跑到奶奶的身边,用舌头给奶奶舔伤口,还用嘴帮奶奶衔来了布,高兴得奶奶每次见人就夸卷毛

这就是奶奶家的小狗—卷毛虽然它有些调皮,但我还是很喜欢它,以致我现在搬家到别的地方后,还常常怀念起奶奶家的卷毛

2 情感动词的英语定义求大神帮助

动词分为行为动词,系动词和助动词 行为动词又称实意动词,表示具体动作的词 情感动词是表示人的感情或心理状态的动词 系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

系动词分为 1状态-:be, 2持续-:keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand等, 3表像-:seem, appear, look, 4感官-:feel, ell, sound, taste等, 5变化-:bee, grow, turn, fall, get, go, e, run等, 6终止-prove, trun out等 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should, would。

3 寻找一篇英语关于爱情的文章

十个最经典的关于爱情的英语句子

i love you not because of who you are, but because of who i am when i am with you

我爱你,不是因为你是一个怎样的人,而是因为我喜欢与你在一起时的感觉。

no man or woman is worth your tears, and the one who is, won't make you cry

没有人值得你流泪,值得让你这么做的人不会让你哭泣。

the worst way to miss someone is to be sitting right beside them knowing you can't have them

失去某人,最糟糕的莫过于,他近在身旁,却犹如远在天边。

never frown, even when you are sad, because you never know who is falling in love with your ile

纵然伤心,也不要愁眉不展,因为你不知是谁会爱上你的笑容。

to the world you may be one person, but to one person you may be the world

对于世界而言,你是一个人;但是对于某个人,你是他的整个世界。

don't waste your time on a man/woman, who isn't willing to waste their time on you

不要为那些不愿在你身上花费时间的人而浪费你的时间。

just because someone doesn't love you the way you want them to, doesn't mean they don't love you with all they have

爱你的人如果没有按你所希望的方式来爱你,那并不代表他们没有全心全意地爱你。

don't try so hard, the best things e when you least expect them to

不要着急,最好的总会在最不经意的时候出现。

maybe god wants us to meet a few wrong people before meeting the right one, so that when we finally meet the person, we will know how to be grateful

在遇到梦中人之前,上天也许会安排我们先遇到别的人;在我们终于遇见心仪的人时,便应当心存感激。

don't cry because it is over, ile because it happened

不要因为结束而哭泣,微笑吧,为你的曾经拥有。

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4 英语表示心理活动的动词有哪些

英语中有许多

心理状态的动词,它们都是及物动词,大都含有“使……”的意思。常见的有:amaze使惊奇, amuse使快乐、使好笑, astonish使惊奇,

annoy使烦恼, bore使厌烦, irritate使恼怒, worry使担忧, delight使高兴, disappoint使失望,

discourage使沮丧, dumbfound使目瞪口呆,move使感动, encourage使受鼓舞, excite使兴奋,

frighten使害怕, inspire使受鼓舞, interest使感兴趣, please使高兴,fascinate使着迷,

puzzle使迷惑, relax使放松, satisfy使满意, surprise使惊奇, terrify使害怕, tire使疲劳,

trouble使麻烦, upset使不安, confuse使混乱, bewilder使迷惑, depress使沮丧,

disgust使厌恶。这些动词的用法有以下特点:

1 这些动词作谓语时,其宾语只能是表示人的名词或代词;主语大多为表示引起某种感情的事或物的名词。如:

The good service here satisfied the tourists 这儿的良好服务使游客感到满意。

His speech inspired us all a great deal 他的演讲使我们大家倍受鼓舞。

2 这些动词的现在分词常与物连用,在句中既可作定语又可作表语。如:

This is a boring report 这是一个令人厌烦的报告。

The situation was more puzzling than ever before 局势变得更加捉摸不定。

3 这些动词的过去分词常与人连用,在句中作表语或定语。如:

The excited children couldn't go to sleep all night long

这些兴奋的孩子整个晚上无法入睡。

We were disappointed at his words 听了他的话,我们很失望。

4 有时也可见到这些动词的现在分词和人连用,过去分词与物连用的现象,但有时在意思上有所不同。如:

She is an amusing girl 她是一个讨人喜欢的女孩。

There was puzzled expression on his face 他脸上流露出迷惑不解的表情。

比较:

There was a puzzling expression on his face 他的脸上流露出令人不解的表情。

5 这些动词的被动形式表示主动意思,其后面引起心理反应的人或物,常用by, with, at引导。如:

She is bored with his flatteries 她听腻了他的奉承话。

We were surprised about his lucky success 我们对他的侥幸成功感到惊奇。

6 这些动词的名词形式有些可以构成“to

one's + 名词”短语,意为“使某人……的是”。如:to one's surprise使惊奇的是, to one's

satisfaction使某人满意的是, to one's disappointment使某人失望的是, to one's

astonishment使某人震惊的是, to one's amusement使某人好笑的是, to one's

interest使某人感兴趣的是,等等。

5 写英语作文用的常用语句

As to whether it is worthwhile 。

, there is a long-running controversial debate It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it关于是否值得___________的问题,一直以来争论不休。当然,不同的人对此可能持不同的观点。

In the process of modern urban development, we often find ourselves in a dilemma在都市的发展中,我们往往会陷入困境。Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that。

最近,这种现象引起了人们的广泛关注,有人开始担心______________。The human race has entered a pletely new stage in its history, with the increasingly rapid economic globalization and urbanization, more problems are brought to our attention人类进入了一个历史的崭新的阶段,经济全球化、都市化的速度不断加快,随之给我们带来了很多问题。

plays such an important role that it undeniably bees the biggest concern of the present world, there es a question, is it a blessing or a curse?"_______显得非常重要而成为当今世界所关注的最大的问题,这是无可厚非的。不过,问题是:"我们该如何抉择?"Now we are entering a new era, full of opportunities and challenges,现在我们正在进入一个充满机会和挑战的新时代。

[ft=,+0,]People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case不同行业的人对同一种问题的解释不尽相同。The controversial issue is often brought into public focus People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue这中极具争议性的话题往往很受社会的关注。

不同的人对此问题的看法也不尽相同。When asked 。

, some people think。 while some prefer。

说到______,有人认为________,而另一些人则认为__________。Just as the saying goes: "so many people, so many minds" It is quite understandable that views on this issue vary from person to person俗话说,""。

不同的人对此有不同的看法是可以理解的。To this issue, different people e up with various attitudes对于这个问题,不同的人持不同的观点。

There is a good side and a bad side to everything, it goes without saying that。万事万物都有其两面性,所以,勿庸置疑,____________。

Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that。随着社会的不断发展,出现了越来越多的问题,其中之一便是____________。

As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes然而,对于此类问题,人们持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)As society develops, people are attaching much importance to。

随着社会的发展,人们开始关注。

People are attaching more and more importance to the interview during job hunting求职的过程中,人们慢慢意识到面试的重要性。When it es to 。

, most people believe that 。, but other people regard 。

as 。提到_________问题,很多人认为_________,不过,一些人则认为______是____When faced with。

, quite a few people claim that 。, but other people think as。

提到_________问题,仅少数人认为________,但另一些人则认为_________。There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of 。

There who criticize 。argue that 。

, they believe that 。,but people who favor , on the other hand, argue that。

目前,_______问题争议较大。批判_______的人认为_______,他们认为_______,不过,另一方面,赞同_______的人则认为_________。

Some people are of the opinion that有些人认为_____________。Many people claim that。

很多人认为_____________。A majority of 绝大多数A large number of 很多人Some people contend that 。

has proved to bring many advantages (disadvantages)有些人认为________有很多有利之处(不利之处)。Those who argue for 。

say that 。economic development of the cities觉得_____的人认为,______ 城市的经济发展。

Some people advocate that 。有些人在坚持认为_________。

They hold that 。 他们认为_________。

People, who advocate that 。, have their sound reasons (grounds)坚持认为______的人也有其说法(依据)。

Those who have already benefited from practicing it sing high praise of it那些从中受益的人对此大家褒奖。Those who strongly approve of 。

have cogent reasons for it强烈认同_______的人有很多原因。Many people would claim that。

有人会认为___________。People who support 。

give some or all of the following reasons那些支持_________观点的人列出了如下原因:________。But others hold the view that 。

但是,另外一些人则认为_______。观点的用词:Attitude, opinion, 与其搭配的动词以及词组:Take, have, 。

6 用情态动词造句,写一篇英语作文,我的特长,在线等,60个词

I like playing basketball and swimming I can play table tennis On weekends, I like to go swimming in the swimming pool with my friends Usually after school, I like playing basketball with my clas atesexercise is good for your health我喜欢打篮球和游泳,我还可以打乒乓球。

在周末的时候,我爱和朋友们一起去游泳馆游泳。平时放学以后,我喜欢和同学们一起打篮球。

经常运动有利于身体健康。

写好英语作文需要一定的技巧和实践,以下是一些建议:

阅读范文:阅读优秀的英语作文范文,了解结构、句式和用词。通过学习范文,可以获取写作的灵感,丰富自己的表达方式。

扩大词汇量:积累丰富的词汇可以帮助你更准确、流畅地表达思想。多阅读英语书籍、文章,并记录生词,通过背单词和使用复习工具来扩大词汇量。

深入理解题目:仔细阅读题目并确保理解其要求。分析问题,确定中心思想,构建逻辑结构。确保你的写作与题目要求紧密相关。

规划结构:在写作前,先规划好整篇文章的结构。明确开头、主体和结尾,并为每个部分准备好主要观点和支持细节。

采用恰当的语言风格:根据写作任务选择合适的语言风格。比如,议论文用较正式的语言,描述文用更具体的描写,记叙文用生动的叙述等。

使用连词和过渡词:使用适当的连词和过渡词来连接句子和段落,使文章结构清晰、连贯。这可以帮助读者更容易理解你的观点和论证。

注意语法和拼写:在写作过程中,注意遵守基本的语法规则,并检查拼写错误。错误会影响整体评估,因此在完成作文后,要仔细检查并进行必要的修改。

突出主题句:每个段落都应有明确的主题句,以引导读者理解该段落的内容。通过突出主题句和相关细节,使文章条理清晰。

练习写作:通过不断练习写作,可以提高写作技巧和表达能力。可以选择一些常见的话题练习写作,并请他人给予反馈和建议。

反复修改:写完初稿后,进行自我评估并进行修改。查看句子是否清晰、是否有扩展细节,以及检查语法和拼写错误。

最重要的是,保持积极的态度,勇于尝试并从错误中学习。写作需要持续的努力和实践,随着时间的推移,你的写作技巧将逐渐提升。祝你写作愉快,取得好成绩!

2011年考研英语作文写作模板讲解

考研英语写作的文章一般包括一个开头段、若干扩展段和一个结尾段。开头段和结尾段一般比扩展段短。各种段落的作用、特点和写作方法如下所示。

一、开头段

开头段一定要语言精练,并且直接切入主题。开头段一般不对主题进行深入的探讨,具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。

开头段的常用核心句型:

1.The arguer may be right about…, but he seems to neglect (fail) to mention (takes into account) the fact that…

2.As opposed to (Contrary to) widely (commonly / generally) held (accepted) belief (ideas / views), I believe (argue) that…

3.Although many people believe that…, I doubt (wonder)whether the argument bears much analysis (close examination)

4.The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from (carry more weight than those of / are much greater than) A

5.Although it is commonly (widely / generally) held (felt / accepted / agreed) that…, it is unlikely to be true that…

6.There is an element of truth in this argument (statement), but it ignores a deeper and more basic (important / essential) fact (reason) that…

7.It is true that (True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,)…, but this is not to say (it is unlikely / it doesn’t follow / it doesn’t mean / it won’t be the case) that…

8.The main (obvious / great) problem (flaw / drawback) with (in) this argument (view / remark) is that it is ignorant of (blind to) the basic (bare) fact that…

9.It would be possible (natural / reasonable) to think (believe / take the view) that…, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that…

10.In all the discussion and debate over…, one important (basic) fact is generally overlooked (neglected)

11.There is absolutely (in fact) no (every) reason for us to believe (accept / resist / reject) that…

12.Logical (Valid / Sound) as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant (absurd) when…is taken into consideration(account)

13.To assume (suggest) that…is far from being proved (to miss the point)

14.A close (careful) inspection (examination / scrutiny) of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless /fallacious) it is

15.On the surface (At first thought), it (this) may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but careful weighing on the mind (on closer analysis / on second thought), we find that…

16.Too much emphasis placed on (attention paid to / importance attached to)…may obscure (overlook / neglect) other facts…

17.The danger (problem / fact / truth / point) is that…

18.What the arguer fails to understand (consider / mention) is that…

19.However just (logical / sound / valid) this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem

20.Among the most convincing (important) reasons given (cited / offered / identified) by people for…, one should be stressed (emphasized / mentioned)

21.As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that…

22.I believe that the title statement is valid because (of)…

23.I agree with the above statement because I believe that…

24.Although I appreciate that…, I cannot agree with the title statement

25.There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of… Those who object to…argue that… But people who favor…, on the other hand, argue that…

26.Currently (In recent years / In the past few years / For many years now), there is (has been) a(n) general (widespread / growing / widely held) feeling towards (concern over / attitude towards / trend towards / awareness of / realization of / illusion of / belief in)…

27.Now it is commonly (widely / generally / increasingly) believed (thought / held / accepted/ felt / recognized / acknowledged) that… But I wonder (doubt) whether…

28.These days we are often told that (often hear about)…, but is this really the case

二、中间段

中间段是文章的正文,其作用是从不同的层面对文章主题进行具体和详实的解释和论证。

1、中间段的一般特征

① 篇幅一般比开头段和结尾段长。

② 每段有相应的主题句。

③包含定义、解释、描写,说明主题思想的扩展句可以采用实例、数据或个人经历等写作手段。

④不同种类的段落采用不同的扩展手段。

2中间段的常用核心句型:

1.Although the popular belief is that…, a current (new / recent) study (survey / poll / investigation) indicates (shows / demonstrates) that…

2.Common sense tells us that…

3.The increase (change / failure / success) in…mainly (largely / partly) results from (arises from / is because of)…

4.The increase (change / failure / success) in…is due to (owing to / attributable to) the fact that…

5.Many people would claim that…

6.One may attribute (ascribe / owe) the increase (decrease / change ) to…, but…is not by itself an adequate explanation

7.One of the reasons given for…is that…

8.What is also worth noticing is that…

9.There are many (different / several /a number of / a variety of)causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked / significant) growth (change / decline / increase) in… First,… Second,… Finally,…

10.There is no evidence to suggest that…

11.Why are (is / do / did)… For one thing,… For another,…

12.Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that…

13.It gives rise to (lead to / bring /create) a host of problems (consequences)

14.There are numerous reasons why…, and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones

15.It will exert (have / produce) profound (far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable / undesirable / disastrous) effect (influence) on…

16.A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to / lead to / result in / influence) the change (increase / decrease / success / failure / development) in…

17.In 2000, it increased (rose / jumped / shot up) from 5 to 10 percent of the total (to 15 percent / by 15 percent)

18.By comparison with 2002, it decreased (dropped / fell) from 10 to 5 percent (to 15 percent / by 15 percent)

19.It accounts for 15 percent of the total

20.There were 100 traffic accidents in April, an increase of 5 percent in a five-month period

21.By 2002, only (less than / more than / almost / about / over/ as many as) three quarters (40 percent of / one out of five / one in four) college population (graduates / housewives) as against (as compared with) last year (2002) preferred to (liked)… 22.With the development (improvement / rise / growth / general recognition / acknowledgement / realization) of…, vast changes awaits this country’s society

23.Now people in growing (ever-increasing / significant) numbers are beginning (coming / getting) to believe (realize / recognize / understand / accept / see / be aware) that…

24.According to a(n) recent (new / official) study (survey / report / poll),…

25.History (Our society) is filled (abounds) with the examples of…

26.The story (case / instance / situation) is not rare (isolated / unique), it is one of many examples (typical of dozens)

27.A (one) recent (new / general / nationwide) study (survey / poll / investigation) conducted (taken) at a university by (officials / scientists / experts) indicates (reveals / suggests / shows / proves / demonstrates) that…

28.According to (As can be seen in / As is shown in) the figures (statistics / findings / data / graph / table) released (provided) by the government (an institute), it can be learned (seen / predicted) that…

29.There is (no) good (every / little / sufficient / considerable / strong) evidence (proof) to

30.Personal experience (Examples I heard / read of) leads me to conclude that…

31.We must admit the undeniable fact that…

32.No one can deny (ignore / doubt / overlook / obscure / brush aside) the fact that…

33.Experience (Evidence) suggests (shows) that…

34.Take for example…who (that)…

35.The same is true of…

36.As the saying goes,“…”

三、结尾段

结尾段的核心句型:

1.From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that…

2.All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a(n) unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that…

3.It is high time that we place (lay / put) great (special / considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of…

4.It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable) situation (tendency / phenomenon) of…

5.We must look (search / call / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure), because the present (current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of…, if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely (certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of…

6.There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution (approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of…, but…might be useful (helpful / beneficial)

7.No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) the problem of…, but the common (general / public) recognition of (realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) of…might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the right direction)

8.Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to)…, but the pay-off will be worth the effort

9.Obviously (Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is every chance that…

10.Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to)…, it is very likely (the chances are good) that…

11.There is little doubt (no denying) that serious (special / adequate / immediate / further) attention must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of…

12.It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps /measures / remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct /check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon)

13.It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate) efforts should be made to control (check/ halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of…

14.It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)…

15.It remains to be seen whether…, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite encouraging (that rosy)

16.Anyhow, wider (more) education (publicity) should be given to the possible (potential / grave /serious / pernicious) consequences (effects) of…

17.To reverse (check / control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (an easy job), and it requires (demands / involves / entails) a different state of mind towards (attitude towards / outlook on)…

18.For these reasons, I strongly recommend that…

19.For the reasons given above, I feel that…

四、段落扩展中的常用词语

1、总结关系过渡词语

generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, in general, on a larger scale, to take the idea further, to take the above opinion to an extreme, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some extent, in my opinion, in my view, as for me, as far as I am concerned, obviously, undoubtedly, in terms of, in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, in a word, on the whole, to sum up, to conclude

2、比较对比关系过渡词语

similarly, likewise, like, too, equally important, the same as, in common, in the same way, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, in/by contrast, but, however, yet, nevertheless

3、列举关系过渡词语

for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, such as, namely, that is, like, thus, first, second, third, finally, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, to start with, what is more, furthermore, eventually, besides, in addition (to that), first and foremost, last but not least, next, also, moreover, for one thing, for another

4、因果关系过渡词语

because (of), as, since, for, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of, as a result of, result in (from), consequently, for the reason that, as a consequence, consequently, if follows that, accordingly, therefore, hence

5、让步关系过渡词语

although, even though, after all, in spite of, despite, granted that

6、强调关系过渡词语

anyway, certainly, surely, obviously, to be sure, especially, particularly, above all, in deed, in fact, even worse, needless to say, most important of all, no doubt 。

sat写作到底该怎么分析?

开宗明义:套路

但我们先得明白为什么写SAT文章需要套路。道理很简单,没有套路,大多数学生都是瞎写一通,即使整篇文章写完自我感觉良好,好似行云流水,把该说的都说了,基本上分数都只能在5/5/5到6/6/6晃悠,想要那更高的分数,必须学习写作套路。

sat写作分析一:开头段

万事开头难,作文如何开头难倒不少英雄好汉。我在平时教学中也经常碰到学生开头段有的草草了事,有的长篇大论,其实归根结底就是没有掌握正确的方法。经过分析市面上所有的高分范文,我发现所有的高分开头都一个共性,它们总能准确地把握住评分标准中要求的四个得分点:

话题背景:简单阐述话题发生的背景情况,非必要

文章主旨:说明文章的讨论对象和作者的写作目的,必要

 行文技巧:总结挑选出来的值得分析的写作技巧,必要

 目标受众:指出这篇文章的目标受众或听众,非必要

 大家的开头要符合以下要点:

结构完整:开头得分点必要成分必须齐全

 论述具体:主旨句和技巧句一定要全面和准确

 语言简洁:语言切忌罗嗦,特别是背景句尽量不要超过2句话

那么该怎样才能写好开头段呢?需要知道以下几点:

如何写话题背景句?

背景句的写法非常多样,比如名人名言法,钩子法,社会现象法,大家可以参照托福写作开头写法灵活选择。背景句要做到第一时间吸引读者,顺利过渡到主旨句,切忌长篇累牍,哗众取宠。背景句不是必要成分,不写也不会影响大家的文章最终得分。

 2 如何写文章主旨句?

我建议大家写主旨句掌握 WOSP原则:W即Writer,作者的名字;O即Occasion,文章的标题;S即Subject,文章的讨论或者描述对象;P即Purpose,作者的写作目的。大家可以参照以下模板句进行套路练习:

Writer:(Writer’s credentials, if any作者的身份,如果有的话就写,比如美国前总统)+ (Writer’s first and last name 作者的姓名)

Occasion: in his/her (title of the text文章的标题)

Subject:describes/narrates/lists/analyzes/defines/establishes/expresses/recounts+(Writer’s subject文章的讨论或者描述对象)

Purpose: (Writer’s last name作者的姓)’s purpose is to (what the writer does in the text作者的写作目的)

主旨句常用词汇和句型:

“使用”系列词汇

use/utilize/employ/resort to/refer to/make an effective use of v使用

The author makes an effective uses of statistics, connections to social media as well as using specific diction to establish his argument

“说服”系列词汇

persuade/convince v 说服,劝服

(1) persuade/convince sb to do sth

By using anecdote, the author tries to persuade/convince the readers to believe that American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting

(2) persuade/convince sb of sth

By using anecdote, the author tries to persuade/convince the readers of the urgency for American news organizations to increase the amount of professional foreign reporting

(3) persuade/convince sb that

By using anecdote, the author tries to persuade/convince the readers that American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting

“表达”系列词汇

build/give/deliver/construct/establish/convey v 传达,表达

The author adeptly constructs his argument by using hard facts, logic reasoning and various types of persuasive elements

小窍门:在写文章主旨的时候建议参考文末Prompt,会有意想不到的惊喜。

3 如何写行文技巧句?

行文技巧句建议大家用最简单直白的语句,大家可以参照以下模板句进行套路练习:

 He/She effectively conveys this argument by using (skill 1), (skill 2) and (skill 3)

 4如何写目标受众句?

 大家可以通过文章标题和出处锁定粗略锁定文章的目标受众。新SAT写作文章大部分摘自美国主流报刊杂志,因此手中通常是美国大众。但也不排除会有特殊情况,大家还要结合文章内容具体分析。目标受众句非必要成分,大家可以参照以下模板句进行套路练习:

 His/Her primary audience would be…

 当大家熟练掌握开头段得分点以及基本套路后可以根据个人偏好进行个性化修改。字数大概控制在40字到100字之间。时间控制在3分钟内。

 sat写作分析二:主体段

 SAT官方并没有规定文章要写几个主体段,从官方给出的范文和学生考试的反馈来看,两到三段是比较合适的。与开头段写作类似,大家在创作主体段时也要认真把握每一个得分点:

 段落定位:准确描述技巧所在文章和段落位置

点明技巧:简单直白地点明作者使用的技巧

 解释说明:运用同义句转化(paraphrase)和总结主干内容(summary),直接引用关键词(inference)的方法解释技巧在段落内是如何使用的

 解释作用:从主旨,读者,结构三个角度分析技巧使用带来的作用,前两个角度是必须要写的,第三个角度如果没有具体体现可以省略。

接下来我教大家一步一步写好主体段。

1 如何写段落定位句?

段落定位句只要写清楚技巧点出现的位置就可以了。

In the (first/second…) paragraph(s),

Throughout the passage,

2 如何写点明技巧句?

the author/Writer’s last name + uses (skill技巧名) to (describes/narrates/lists/analyzes/defines/establishes/express) + (main idea of this section of the text 分析文本的主旨)

3 如何写解释说明句?

点名技巧后要向考官详细展示该技巧点是如何在段落内使用的。解释技巧部分不宜过长,通常三到五句个句子即可。得分的关键是要有技巧性将原文关键信息用直接引用的方式穿插到同义句转化或总结概括的文本当中,三者缺一不可。直接引用的比例不要太高,尽量只选取几个关键单词或者短语,最多一句话,引用内容不要超过全部文本的10%。

单独使用同义句转化,总结概括,直接引用这三个手段中某一个难度都不大。但是想写出高分SAT写作文章大家一定要做到将三者巧妙地融合在一起。例如: 

The author starts to talk about how we now rely on social media for our world news He again backs up his claim that we need more “professional” foreign coverage in the United States He explains how common people are providing the news This may make for “speculation, propaganda, and other white noise into the mix”

 上文中两处直接引用部分都作为句意的重要部分插入到句子中,没有明显拼接的痕迹。 这里的秘诀就是尽量不要使用类似the author says/uses/describes“…”这样的初级语句将直接引用的内容与其他部分割裂开,错误示范如下:

 Goodman uses evidence to support his claims that coverage of foreign news is dwindling Goodman says “20 American news organizations had entirely eliminated their foreign bureaus” He also explains “in the summer of 2011, the count had dropped to 234”

 在直接引用原文时要注意以下标点符号的使用规则:

当引用内容位于句中时,且后面要加逗号时,逗号应放在引号内。

He enjoys “being the shining star,” and hates to be isolated

当引用内容位于句中或句末时,且后面要加句号时,句号应放在引号内。

He enjoys “being the shining star in the group”

当引用内容中又有引号时,后者变为单引号。

He enjoys “being the ‘shining star’ in the group”

当引用内容为完整句子时,句首单词首字母要大写。

He says, “Being the shining star is the most enjoyable moment”

当引用内容中有人称代词时,需要重新替换以避免歧义,并使用方括号进行改写。

He describes a scenery where “I [he] becomes the shining star in the group”

4 如何写解释作用句?

主旨作用句集中强调技巧对于作者的主旨的传达和展开有何帮助,一般用来传递作者的态度或写作意图;读者作用句解释该技巧对于读者的影响,或者读者读完该技巧的心理感受;结构作用句阐明技巧对于整篇文章段落之间衔接或者文章整体的推进作用。前两个技巧是必写的,最后一个作用可以省略,视具体情况而定。如下是解释作用句常用句型,请大家结合第二章中每节的常用句型,熟读并在写作时灵活借鉴使用。

新SAT写作主体段的展开主要采用以下三种方法:

方法一:常规法

1.主体段一:主要阐述文章中Evidence是如何建立文章可信度的(credibility)。但是要注意虽然Anecdote归类为Evidence,但是它主要作用在于抒情(emotional appeal),不建议在Evidence段中讨论。

2.主体段二:主要阐述文章中Reasoning是如增强文章逻辑性的(logic)。重点放在Cause-Effect,Comparison-Contrast,Concession。Classification因为分析价值低,不作为写作重点。

3.主体段三:主要阐述文章中Rhetorical Methods是如何强化文章情感色彩的(emotion)。其中Anecdote用诉诸情感(emotional appeal)的角度进行分析。

方法二:简易法

1.主体段一:主要阐述文章中Evidence和Reasoning是如何增加文章可信度(credibility)和逻辑性的(logic)。这种方法即将Evidence和Reasoning结合起来一起分析,通常用于文章Evidence或者Reasoning某一项技巧点出现频率比较低,很难单独成段分析的情况。建议以Reasoning为主线,Evidence为辅助进行分析。

2.主体段二:主要阐述文章中Rhetorical Methods是如何强化文章情感色彩的(emotion)。其中Anecdote用诉诸情感(emotional appeal)的角度进行分析。

方法三:经典法

1 主体段一:主要阐述文章中Ethos的使用,即作者如何树立自己的权威和道德形象。

2 主体二:主要阐述文章中Logos的使用,即作者如何有技巧地使用Evidence和Reasoning来增加文章的逻辑性和可信度。

3 主体段三:主要阐述文章中各类技巧对于作者情感表达和读者情感的影响,主要集中于各类修辞和某些具有强烈感情色彩的Evidence,比如某些打动人的Anecdote。

 sat写作分析三:结尾段

作文写到结尾了得善始善终,结尾段最常见的处理方法就是开头段的同义句改写,依旧按照得分点来写。

结尾段得分点:

行文技巧:总结讨论的行文技巧,可以同义改写开头句

总结主旨:重申文章主旨(删去S主题句和O场合句,只保留W作者句和P目的句),注意同义句转化开头文字

作文写到结尾了得善始善终,结尾段最常见的处理方法就是开头段的同义句改写,依旧按照得分点来写。

我用满分开头示范如何在同义句改写开头段。改写过程大体分成以下两个步骤:

Peter Goodman, in his “Foreign News at a Crisis Point,” describes the dramatic declining of foreign news coverage in America Goodman’s purpose is to persuade his audience that American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting He effectively conveys this argument by using example, cause-and-effect reasoning, and specific diction

 第一步:更换同义词/改变词性

同义改写最基本的方法就是更换同义词或者同义表达,如果没有可以替换的同义词可以考虑改变词性,比如动词和名词之间互换。

1   persuade可以替换成convince

2   increase 可以替换成 enlarge

3   reporting 可以替换成news coverage

4   using可以替换成the usage of

第二步:改变句型

改变句型最常用的方法就是主动和被动句之间相互转化,熟练的同学也可以尝试合并句子改写从句。

(1)…American news organizations should increase the amount of professional foreign reporting 可以改成:

…the amount of professional foreign reporting in America should be increased

(2) 将目的句和技巧句合并,并作适当微调

Through using example, cause-and-effect reasoning, and specific diction, Peter Goodman builds an argument to persuade his audience that the amount of professional foreign reporting in American should be increased

第三步:合并修改结果,并作适当微调

In “Foreign News at a Crisis Point,” through the usage of example, cause-and-effect reasoning, and specific diction, Peter Goodman builds an argument to convince his audience that the amount of foreign news coverage should be enlarged

 当大家熟练掌握结尾段得分点后可根据个人兴趣适当增补删减和微调,字数大概控制在30字到50字之间。时间控制在3分钟内。

 以上便是一份完整的sat写作技巧分析,希望对你有帮助,祝你成功上岸。

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