什么是文化 英文

culture

文化（汉语拼音wén huà，英文culture），是人类社会相对于经济、政治而言的精神活动及其产物，分为物质文化和非物质文化。

教育、科学、艺术皆属广义的文化，而政治、经济与文化相互关联、相互作用。实际给文化下一个准确的定义，非常困难。对文化这个概念的解读，人类也一直众说不一。文化顺乎时代潮流具有不定性，一个时期有一个时期的文化……构成世界五彩斑斓的文化。

分配

因为文化具有的多样性和复杂性，很难将文化给出一个准确地，清晰的分类标准。因此，这些对文化的划分，只是从某一个角度来分析的，它是一种尝试。

对文化的结构解剖，有两分说，即分为物质文化和精神文化（非物质文化）；有三层次说，即分为物质、制度、精神三层次；有四层次说，即分为物质、制度、风俗习惯、思想与价值。有六大子系统说，即物质、社会关系、精神、艺术、语言符号、风俗习惯等。

文化还可分为生产文化、精神文化。科技文化是生产文化，思想文化是精神文化。任何文化都为生活所用，没有不为生活所用的文化。任何一种文化都包含了一种生活生存的理论和方式，理念和认识。

中西文化差异英文举例有如下：

In the way of thinking,Westerners pay attention to speculation,rationality,analysis and demonstration,analysis as a whole and synthesis

思维方式上方面，西方人注重思辨、理性、分析、实证，剖析整体再加以综合。

Chinese people pay attention to values,integrity and experience

中国人注重直观、整体、经验。

In the view of Western philosophers, only speculative things are the most real, perfect and beautiful

在西方哲人看来，只有思辨性的东西才是最真实、最完善、最美好的。

The traditional way of thinking in China is to deduce without reasoning

中国传统的思维方式，不是通过归纳推理，演绎推导。

Based on the fact,with the existing experience and knowledge,the guests will recognize,understand and judge the essence and regularity of the things they see

而是基于事实，凭借已有的经验和知识，对客观事物的本质及其规律性加以识别、理解和进行整体判断。

In terms of value orientation,Westerners pay attention to self centeredness,respect for individuals and competition

价值取向方面，西方人注重以自我为中心，重个人、重竞争。

Chinese people pay attention to group,society and harmonyWesterners' values believe that individual is the fundamental point of human society

中国人注重群体、社会、和谐。西方人的价值观认为，个人是人类社会的基点。

In terms of ethics, Westerners pay attention to individual laissez faire,innovative development and glory

伦理道德方面，西方人注重个人放任，创新发展，张扬荣誉。

Chinese people pay attention to modesty,prudence and impartiality

中国人注重谦虚谨慎，不偏不倚。

In terms of norms of conduct,Westerners attach importance to interests and law 

行为规范方面，西方人重利、重法。

Western society,because of its emphasis on individual rights as the benchmark and the pursuit of self-interest as the goal,does not attach importance to the friendship between people

西方社会由于强调以个人权利为基准，以追求私利为目标，因此不重视人与人之间的情义。

Because of the influence of traditional moral and interest thought,Chinese people value justice over interest,and value emotion over law

中国人重义”、重情。中国人由于受传统的义利思想的影响，重义轻利，重情轻法。

我觉得用英文吵架是种高级的体验，因为在日常生活中有很多人在吵架的时候都不会用英文的，所以我觉得用英文吵架是种高级的体验。

在日常生活中，有很多人都非常喜欢学习英文，因为有很多人觉得学习英文可以提高自己的素质，也有很多人觉得学习英文可以提高自己的文化水平，并且也有很多人觉得学习英文可以提高自己的语言能力，而且也有很多人觉得学习英文以提升自己的内涵，所以从中可以看出之所以有那么多的人都非常喜欢学习英文，确实是有一定道理的，但我觉得用英文吵架是种高级的体验。因为在日常生活中有很多人觉得用英文吵架是非常困难的，所以我觉得用英文吵架是种高级的体验。

在现在的这个社会，英文已经成为国际语言了，所以这也警告一些人们，在日常生活中如果想让自己变得非常受人们欢迎，一定要提前学习一些英文，因为我觉得英文对每个人来说都是非常重要的，所以我觉得如果能做好这些方面的话，一定会让别人觉得你很厉害，也会让别人觉得你很有素质，并且我觉得用英文吵架是种高级的体验，因为在日常生活中英文对很多人来说都是很难的，所以我觉得用英文吵架是种高级的体验。

在我看来，用英文吵架是种高级的体验，因为在现在的这个社会英文是非常受人们欢迎的，如果你能学好英文的话，一定会让别人觉得你的能力很强，也会让别人觉得你的文化水平很高，但如果说你的英文水平不是很高，那么一定会限制你的发展的，所以我觉得英文对每个人来说都是非常重要的，但我觉得这是一个很正常的事情，因为英文已经成为国际语言了，所以我觉得用英文吵架是种高端的体验。

You have class 或 You are in a class of your own 或 You have taste

“品位”可以用“class”或“taste”，“文化”用“educated”。

You are educated

A bad beginning makes a bad ending

不善始者不善终。

A bad thing never dies

遗臭万年。

A bad workman always blames his tools

不会撑船怪河弯。

A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush

一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。

A boaster and a liar are cousins-german

吹牛与说谎本是同宗。

A bully is always a coward

色厉内荏。

A burden of one's choice is not felt

爱挑的担子不嫌重。

A candle lights others and consumes itself

蜡烛照亮别人，却毁灭了自己。

A cat has 9 lives

猫有九条命。

A cat may look at a king

猫也可以打量国王，意为人人平等。

A close mouth catches no flies

病从口入。

A constant guest is never welcome

常客令人厌。

Actions speak louder than words

事实胜于雄辩。

Adversity leads to prosperity

穷则思变。

Adversity makes a man wise, not rich

逆境出人才。

A fair death honors the whole life

死得其所，流芳百世。

A faithful friend is hard to find

知音难觅。

A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit

吃一堑，长一智。

A fox may grow gray, but never good

江山易改，本性难移。

A friend in need is a friend indeed

患难见真情。

A friend is easier lost than found

得朋友难，失朋友易。

A friend is never known till a man has need

需要之时方知友。

A friend without faults will never be found

没有十全十美的朋友。

'After you' is good manners

“您先请”是礼貌。

A good beginning is half done

良好的开端是成功的一半。

A good beginning makes a good ending

善始者善终。

A good book is a good friend

好书如挚友。

A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever

一本好书，相伴一生。

A good conscience is a soft pillow

不做亏心事，不怕鬼叫门。

A good fame is better than a good face

美名胜过美貌。

A good husband makes a good wife

夫善则妻贤。

A good medicine tastes bitter

良药苦口。

A good wife health is a man's best wealth

妻贤身体好是男人最大的财富。

A great talker is a great liar

说大话者多谎言。

A hedge between keeps friendship green

君子之交淡如水。

A joke never gains an enemy but loses a friend

戏谑不能化敌为友，只能使人失去朋友。

A leopard cannot change its spots

积习难改。

A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth

说谎者即使讲真话也没人相信。

A light heart lives long

静以修身。

A little body often harbors a great soul

浓缩的都是精品。

A little knowledge is a dangerous thing

一知半解，自欺欺人。

A little pot is soon hot

狗肚子盛不得四两油。

All are brave when the enemy flies

敌人逃窜时，人人都成了勇士。

All good things come to an end

天下没有不散的筵席。

All rivers run into sea

海纳百川。

All roads lead to Rome

条条大路通罗马。

All that ends well is well

结果好，就一切都好。

All that glitters is not gold

闪光的不一定都是金子。

All things are difficult before they are easy

凡事总是由难而易。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy

只会用功不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

A man becomes learned by asking questions

不耻下问才能有学问。

A man can do no more than he can

凡事都应量力而行。

A man cannot spin and reel at the same time

一心不能二用。

A man is known by his friends

什么人交什么朋友。

A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds

光说空话不做事，犹如花园光长刺。

A man without money is no man at all

一分钱难倒英雄汉。

A merry heart goes all the way

心旷神怡，事事顺利。

A miss is as good as a mile

失之毫厘，差之千里。

A mother's love never changes

母爱永恒。

An apple a day keeps the doctor away

一天一苹果，不用请医生。

A new broom sweeps clean

新官上任三把火。

An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth

以眼还眼，以牙还牙。

An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening

一日之计在于晨。

An old dog cannot learn new tricks

老狗学不出新把戏。

An ounce of luck is better than a pound of wisdom

聪明才智，不如运气。

An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure

预防为主，治疗为辅。

A rolling stone gathers no moss

滚石不生苔，转业不聚财。

As a man sows, so he shall reap

种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

A single flower does not make a spring

一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。

A snow year, a rich year

瑞雪兆丰年。

A sound mind in a sound body

健全的精神寓于健康的身体。

A still tongue makes a wise head

寡言者智。

A stitch in time saves nine

小洞不补，大洞吃苦。

A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe

身正不怕影子斜。

A wise head makes a close mouth

真人不露相，露相非真人。

A word spoken is past recalling

一言既出，驷马难追。

A year's plan starts with spring

一年之计在于春。

A young idler, an old beggar

少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

Bad news has wings

好事不出门，坏事传千里。

Barking dogs seldom bite

吠犬不咬人。

Beauty lies in the love's eyes

情人眼里出西施。

Be swift to hear, slow to speak

听宜敏捷，言宜缓行。

Better late than never

不怕慢，单怕站。

Better to ask the way than go astray

问路总比迷路好。

Between friends all is common

朋友之间不分彼此。

Birds of a feather flock together

物以类聚，人以群分。

Blood is thicker than water

血浓于水。

Blood will have blood

血债血偿。

Books and friends should be few but good

读书如交友，应求少而精。

Business is business

公事公办。

Business is the salt of life

事业是人生的第一需要。

By reading we enrich the mind, by conversation we polish it

读书使人充实，交谈使人精明。

Cannot see the wood for the trees

一叶障目，不见泰山。

Care and diligence bring luck

谨慎和勤奋才能抓住机遇。

Caution is the parent of safety

小心驶得万年船。

Cheats never prosper

骗人发不了财。

Children are what the mothers are

耳濡目染，身教言传。

Choose an author as you choose a friend

择书如择友。

Come what may, heaven won't fall

做你的吧，天塌不下来。

Complacency is the enemy of study

学习的敌人是自己的满足。

Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success

自信是走向成功的第一步。

Constant dripping wears away a stone

水滴石穿，绳锯木断。

Content is better than riches

知足者常乐。

Count one's chickens before they are hatched

蛋未孵先数雏。

Courtesy on one side only lasts not long

来而不往非礼也。

Creep before you walk

循序渐进。

Cry for the moon

海底捞月。

Custom is a second nature

习惯是后天养成的。

Custom makes all things easy

有个好习惯，事事皆不难。

Diamond cuts diamond

强中自有强中手。

Do as the Romans do

入乡随俗。

Do as you would be done by

己所不欲，勿施于人。

Doing is better than saying

与其挂在嘴上，不如落实在行动上。

Do it now

机不可失，时不再来。

Do nothing by halves

凡事不可半途而废。

Don't claim to know what you don't know

不要不懂装懂。

Don't have too many irons in the fire

不要揽事过多。

Don't make a mountain out of a molehill

不要小题大做。

Don't put off till tomorrow what should be done today

今日事，今日毕。

Don't put the cart before the horse

不要本末倒置。

Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you

不要自找麻烦。

Don't try to teach your grandmother to suck eggs

不要班门弄斧。

Do well and have well

善有善报。

Each bird love to hear himself sing

孤芳自赏。

Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise

早睡早起身体好。

Easier said than done

说得容易，做得难。

Easy come, easy go

来也匆匆，去也匆匆。

Eat to live, but not live to eat

人吃饭是为了活着，但活着不是为了吃饭。

Empty vessels make the greatest sound

实磨无声空磨响，满瓶不动半瓶摇。

Envy has no holidays

忌妒之人无宁日。

Even Homer sometimes nods

智者千虑，必有一失。

Even reckoning makes long friends

亲兄弟，明算账。

Every advantage has its disadvantage

有利必有弊。

Everybody's business is nobody's business

人人负责，等于没人负责。

Every day is not Sunday

好景不常在。

Every dog has his day

谁都有得意的时候。

Every door may be shut, but death's door

人生在世，唯死难逃。

Every heart has its own sorrow

各人有各人的苦恼。

Every little helps a mickle

聚沙成塔，集腋成裘。

Every man for himself, and the devil takes the hindmost

人不为己，天诛地灭。

Every man has his faults

金无足赤，人无完人。

Every man has his hobbyhorse

萝卜青菜，各有所爱。

Every man has his weak side

人人都有弱点。

Every man is the architect of his own fortune

自己的命运自己掌握。

Every minute counts

分秒必争。

Every mother's child is handsome

孩子是自己的好。

Every potter praises hit pot

王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸。

Everything is good when new, but friends when old

东西是新的好，朋友是老的亲。

Example is better then percept

说一遍，不如做一遍。

Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother

经验是智慧之父，记忆是智慧之母。

Experience must be bought

吃一堑，长一智。

Fact speak louder than words

事实胜于雄辩。

Failure is the mother of success

失败是成功之母。

False friends are worse than bitter enemies

明枪易躲，暗箭难防。

Far from eye, far from heart

眼不见，心不烦。

Far water does not put out near fire

远水救不了近火。

Faults are thick where love is thin

一朝情意淡，样样不顺眼。

Fear always springs from ignorance

恐惧源于无知。

Fields have eyes, and woods have ears

隔墙有耳。

Fire and water have no mercy

水火无情。

Fire is a good servant but a bad master

火是一把双刃剑。

First come, first served

先来后到。

First impressions are half the battle

初次见面，印象最深。

First think and then speak

先想后说。

Fools grow without watering

朽木不可雕。

Fool's haste is no speed

欲速则不达。

Fools has fortune

呆人有呆福。

Fools learn nothing from wise men, but wise men learn much from fools

愚者不学无术，智者不耻下问。

Forbidden fruit is sweet

禁果格外香。

Fortune favors those who use their judgement

机遇偏爱善断之人。

Fortune knocks once at least at every man's gate

风水轮流转。

Four eyes see more than two

集思广益。

Friends agree best at distance

朋友之间也会保持距离。

Friends are thieves of time

朋友是时间的窃贼。

Friends must part

再好的朋友也有分手的时候。

Genius is nothing but labor and diligence

天才不过是勤奋而已。

Give a dog a bad name and hang him

众口铄金，积毁销骨。

God helps those who help themselves

自助者天助。

Gold will not buy anything

黄金并非万能。

Good for good is natural, good for evil is manly

以德报德是常理，以德报怨大丈夫。

Good health is over wealth

健康是最大的财富。

Good medicine for health tastes bitter to the mouth

良药苦口利于病。

Good watch prevents misfortune

谨慎消灾。

Great barkers are no biters

好狗不挡道。

Great hopes make great man

伟大的抱负造就伟大的人物。

Great minds think alike

英雄所见略同。

Great men have great faults

英雄犯大错误。

Great men's sons seldom do well

富不过三代。

Great trees are good for nothing but shade

大树底下好乘凉。

Great wits have short memories

贵人多忘事。

Greedy folks have long arms

心贪手长。

Guilty consciences make men cowards

做贼心虚。

Habit cures habit

心病还需心药医。

Handsome is he who does handsomely

行为漂亮才算美。

Happiness takes no account of time

欢乐不觉时光过。

Happy is he who owes nothing

要想活得痛快，身上不能背债。

Happy is the man who learns from the misfortunes of others

吸取他人教训，自己才会走运。

Harm set, harm get

害人害己。

Hasty love, soon cold

一见钟情难维久。

Health is better than wealth

健康胜过财富。

Health is happiness

健康就是幸福。

Hear all parties

兼听则明。

Heaven never helps the man who will not act

自己不动，叫天何用。

He is a fool that forgets himself

愚者忘乎所以。

He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs

背后说好话，才是真朋友。

He is a wise man who speaks little

聪明不是挂在嘴上。

He is lifeless that is faultless

只有死人才不犯错误。

He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself

正人先正己。

He is not laughed at that laughs at himself first

自嘲者不会让人见笑。

He is wise that is honest

诚实者最明智。

He knows most who speaks least

大智若愚。

He laughs best who laughs last

谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。

He sets the fox to keep the geese

引狼入室。

He that climbs high falls heavily

爬得越高，摔得越重。

He that will not work shall not eat

不劳动者不得食。

He who does not advance loses ground

逆水行舟，不进则退。

He who makes constant complaint gets little compassion

经常诉苦，没人同情。

He who makes no mistakes makes nothing

想不犯错误，就一事无成。

He who risks nothing gains nothing

收获与风险并存。

History repeats itself

历史往往重演。

Honesty is the best policy

做人诚信为本。

Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst

抱最好的愿望，做最坏的打算。

I cannot be your friend and your flatterer too

朋友不能阿谀奉承。

文化现象的英文：cultural phenomenon。

文化现象指人类文化发展过程中呈现出的某种外部状态和联系，具有个别、具体、可直接观察和经验性等特点。文化现象是文化发展中带有典型和标志作用的事情，它是群众在共同需要、共同心理的基础上所形成的和不断给予陶冶的结果。

它往往是思想观念及其物化形式的综合，不但具有外在的特色，而且含有观念的特色。文化现象是人们对现象的感受上升到理性概括的认识产物。人类的文化现象，从很早以前就有了。比如人们的饮食习惯、穿着习惯、表达方式等，都可称之为一种文化现象。

文化现象多种多样，它从一定程度上反映了人们某段时期的智力程度、生存方式、生活习惯，以及文化的发展方向。对于近代的文化现象，则能在一定程度上反映当时的社会风气、人们的经济情况、以及政治局势，宗教文化是一种特殊文化现象，中国三教合一。

作为印度佛教传入西藏以前的先期文化，古象雄文化的痕迹贯穿于西藏的方方面面。从生产到生活，从民俗到信仰，处处都有象雄文化的影子。比如祭山神、转山等宗教活动仪式，都源自象雄文化。

文化研究：

青少年文化研究是青少年研究领域的一个热点，各青少年研究的专业刊物都刊发了大量的相关文章，同时，一些青少年文化现象亦引起了社会的广泛关注和讨论。中国青少年研究中心作为我国青少年研究领域的重镇，对青少年文化方面的话题也多有关注。

2002年，团中央宣传部和中国青少年研究中心组织课题组，进行了以“青少年流行文化现象与对策研究”为题的调研，并于2003年出版了课题成果——《中国青少年流行文化现象报告》，对近些年的青少年流行文化进行了系统的梳理和分析。

不同的文化英文是：Different cultures

例句The aim is to inculcate business people with an appreciation of different cultures。其目的是教导商界管理人员逐渐学会欣赏不同的文化；

Visit the International Crafts Market and learn about different cultures参观国际工艺品市场,了解不同的文化；Just like me, my host parents love to learn about different cultures就像我一样,我的寄宿父母喜欢学习不同的文化。

The example shows that different cultures have different ideas of what they think is beautiful这个例子表明,不同的文化对美的事物有不同的看法。